Return-path: X-Andrew-Authenticated-as: 7997;andrew.cmu.edu;Ted Anderson Received: from beak.andrew.cmu.edu via trymail for +dist+/afs/andrew.cmu.edu/usr11/tm2b/space/space.dl@andrew.cmu.edu (->+dist+/afs/andrew.cmu.edu/usr11/tm2b/space/space.dl) (->ota+space.digests) ID ; Wed, 14 Nov 1990 02:26:20 -0500 (EST) Message-ID: <4bED5ve00VcJ89m04t@andrew.cmu.edu> Precedence: junk Reply-To: space+@Andrew.CMU.EDU From: space-request+@Andrew.CMU.EDU To: space+@Andrew.CMU.EDU Date: Wed, 14 Nov 1990 02:25:48 -0500 (EST) Subject: SPACE Digest V12 #548 SPACE Digest Volume 12 : Issue 548 Today's Topics: * SpaceNews 12-Nov-90 * Charles F. Radley has an interest in space stations being expensive. CRAF/Cassini Update - 11/09/90 Administrivia: Submissions to the SPACE Digest/sci.space should be mailed to space+@andrew.cmu.edu. Other mail, esp. [un]subscription notices, should be sent to space-request+@andrew.cmu.edu, or, if urgent, to tm2b+@andrew.cmu.edu ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Return-path: X-Andrew-Authenticated-as: 0;andrew.cmu.edu;Network-Mail Date: 10 Nov 90 20:05:38 GMT From: ka2qhd!kd2bd@rutgers.edu (John Magliacane) Organization: KA2QHD - OCEAN NJ Subject: * SpaceNews 12-Nov-90 * Sender: space-request@andrew.cmu.edu To: space@andrew.cmu.edu SB SPACE @ ALLBBS < KD2BD $SPC1112 * SpaceNews 12-Nov-90 * Bulletin ID: $SPC1112 ========= SpaceNews ========= MONDAY NOVEMBER 12, 1990 SpaceNews originates at KD2BD in Wall Township, New Jersey, United States. It is published every week and is made available for unlimited distribution. * ARIANE LAUNCH * ================= An Ariane launch on 20-Nov-90 will carry two spacecraft manufactured by GE Astro Space in New Jersey. The two satellites are Satcom C1 for GE American Communications and Gstar 4 for GTE Spacenet. Final launch preparations are taking place. The launch window will extend from 6:15 to 9:30 PM EST. * PACSATs ON-LINE * =================== The Packet Bulletin Board software which has been running in 'beta test' versions on UoSAT-OSCAR-14 since July has now been loaded to AO-16. This follows a period of intense development by Jeff Ward, G0/K8KA, and Harold Price, NK6K, getting software ready for hundreds of users expected to access AO-16 and UO-14. The programs loaded to the satellites, when combined with several ground station client programs, implement the PACSAT communications protocols proposed by Jeff and Harold in papers presented at the recent ARRL Amateur Radio Computer Networking Conference. The protocols provide a connected-mode file transfer facility called FTL0 and a standard broadcast mode for bulletins and other items of general interest. When someone is up or downloading in connected mode you will see packets from the FTL0 server callsign: PACSAT-0 (on AO-16) or UOSAT3-12 (on UO-14). Bulletins being broadcast will have source callsigns UOSAT3-11 or PACSAT-11. These packets may contain some ASCII text, although each will begin with a short binary header. The PACSAT protocol suite requires special groundstation software to interpret binary headers and implement protocol handshakes. Papers in the 9th ARRL Networking Conference proceedings describe the protocols in detail. Software for ground stations with IBM-PC type computers will be made available free by UoS through dial-up bulletin boards and on-line information systems. The release of the ground station software, expected around 8 or 9 November, will mark the official opening of UO-14 and AO-16 for communications by any suitably-equipped, licensed radio amateur. With LO-19 following shortly and FO-20 already providing service, the Amateur Satellite Service will soon have a useful and interesting network of store-and-forward satellites. * SALYUT-7 NEWS * ================= The presently unused and long abandoned Soviet space station 'Salyut-7' is tumbling uncontrollably and is predicted to re-enter the Earth's atmosphere in mid-January. Attempts to boost the 60 metric ton structure to a higher orbit have failed. Salyut-7 should produce quite a spectacular light show if it re-enters the atmosphere away from sunlight. Here is element set 630 for Salyut-7 as released by NASA on 08-Nov-90: Epoch : 90 310.56350817 Incli : 51.5998 RAAN : 295.9675 Eccn : 3.895E-04 ArgPer : 71.5486 MeanAn : 288.6002 MeanMo : 15.81020057 Decay : 8.7992E-04 Orbit # : 48723 * RS-14/RUDAK-2 NEWS * ====================== Reliable sources within the Soviet Union indicate that the launch of RS-14/ RUDAK-2 is now expected to happen on or about November 24, 1990. UA3CR requests the help of radio amateurs all over the world to collect telemetry and send it via packet radio or via a SSB net to him. The first day's worth of telemetry will transmitted via a CW beacon at 20 WPM on 145.822 or on 145.948 MHz SSB and will be vitally important to ground controllers. Later, after ALL systems are working properly on the RUDAK-2 transponder, PSK/BBS/MODE B operations will begin. * TNX QSL! * ============ A special thanks to all those who sent QSLs, cards and letters to SpaceNews: DJ9PE : Bernd Beckmann, Munchen, Germany K2URZ : Dan Tannenbaum, Cherry Hill, New Jersey, U.S.A. NM1K : Rusty Hack, Enfield, Connecticut, U.S.A. N3IKS : John F. Gibson III, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. N4SDW : Chuck Mulligan, Tequesta, Florida, U.S.A. WB1CKI: Gordon Young, Enfield, Connecticut, U.S.A. ZL1PK : Phil King, Hamilton, New Zealand ...and e-mail messages: VE3EAR, KB5HPN, KB6BBZ, KB8FRW, KE8BG, WB9JEJ * FEEDBACK WELCOMED * ===================== Feedback regarding SpaceNews can be directed to the editor (John) via any of the following paths: UUCP : kd2bd@ka2qhd.de.com AMPR : KD2BD @ NN2Z.NJ.USA.NA MAIL : John A. Magliacane Department of Electronics Technology Advanced Technology Center Brookdale Community College 765 Newman Springs Road Lincroft, New Jersey 07738 U.S.A. << If you like what you see, send us your QSL card! >> /EX -- John A. Magliacane FAX : (908) 747-7107 Electronics Technology Department AMPR : KD2BD @ NN2Z.NJ.USA.NA Brookdale Community College UUCP : ...!rutgers!ka2qhd!kd2bd Lincroft, NJ 07738 USA VOICE: (908) 842-1900 ext 607 ------------------------------ Return-path: X-Andrew-Authenticated-as: 0;andrew.cmu.edu;Network-Mail Date: 31 Oct 90 21:00:35 GMT From: usc!samsung!umich!sharkey!cfctech!teemc!fmeed1!cage@ucsd.edu (Russ Cage) Organization: Ford Motor Co., Electronics Div., Dearborn, MI Subject: Charles F. Radley has an interest in space stations being expensive. References: <6781@hub.ucsb.edu>, <9010282110.AA00719@iti.org>, <6883@hub.ucsb.edu> Sender: space-request@andrew.cmu.edu To: space@andrew.cmu.edu In article <6883@hub.ucsb.edu> 3001crad@ucsbuxa.ucsb.edu (Charles Frank Radley) writes: [in response to Allen Sherzer] >+ and almost an order of magnitude reduction in launch >+ costs for large payloads. All that is needed to demonstrate the >+ concept is about 5% of one years spending on Freedom. > >Sounds cheap enough. Let them get on with. But not with my >budget. When I read this, I thought he meant the TAXPAYERS' budget, which left me wondering why a taxpayer would be against saving taxpayers some money, but later he says... > >>Any of those guys coming to southern California any time soon? > >+ Invite them down > >Hah ! I value my job too much. >+ That's an interesting remark. Why would inviting some speakers >+ in get you fired? > >I work for a Freedom contractor. LLNL represents the ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ >competition. ^^^^^^^^^^^ In other words, if LLNL saves the taxpayers some money, CFR is out of a job. Radley's interests lie in making certain that the LLNL concept is dismissed before being investigated, so that it does not replace the SS. Fred project. As a taxpayer, my interests are different. My interests are: 1.) Determine if the LLNL concept will work, and if so, 2.) Put Charles Frank Radley and all the other contractors working on Fred out on the street post haste. Finally, I noticed a large number of non sequiturs in the quoted article (all by CFR). I think he is scared. Example: >+ They assume launchers will be grounded in their schedules. They >+ assume things won't work and plan for backup approaches when >+they fail. > >Really ? Then their development schedules are even more success >oriented than I thought if they think they already have that >covered. Either CFR doesn't know what "success-orientation" is, or he is misrepresenting the LLNL approach to the net. Neither speaks well for him. Hint, Charles: A "success-oriented" project is one which assumes that all goals will be met and all efforts will succeed, and has no contingency plan if failures occur or schedules slip. NASA's plan allows for no alternate launcher and no launch failures; if any occur, the entire project is likely to fail. Success depends on many launches all working and being more or less on schedule. This is very unlikely, as the events since 1986 have shown. The LLNL plan has no such dependency on specific launchers and does not depend on success of every sub-effort to get a working station. -- Russ Cage Ford Powertrain Engineering Development Department Work: itivax.iti.org!cfctech!fmeed1!cage (CHATTY MAIL NOT ANSWERED HERE) Home: russ@m-net.ann-arbor.mi.us (All non-business mail) Member: HASA, "S" division. ------------------------------ Return-path: X-Andrew-Authenticated-as: 0;andrew.cmu.edu;Network-Mail Date: 11 Nov 90 00:19:24 GMT From: usc!elroy.jpl.nasa.gov!jato!mars.jpl.nasa.gov!baalke@ucsd.edu (Ron Baalke) Organization: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA. Subject: CRAF/Cassini Update - 11/09/90 Sender: space-request@andrew.cmu.edu To: space@andrew.cmu.edu CRAF/Cassini Status Report November 9, 1990 The good news concerning the CRAF/Cassini mission, is that it looks like both missions will be funded. Congress approved both missions earlier in the year, but during the recent budget negotiations, it looked like that the CRAF portion was not going to be funded. The total budget for both missions is 1.6 billion dollars, with 145 million needed in the 1991 fiscal year budget to get the projects started. Only 95 million was approved - being 50 million short, things were looking grim for the CRAF mission, as the Cassini mission has priority. However, most of the 50 million has since been restored which should enable the start of both the CRAF and Cassini missions. The CRAF/Cassini missions will be the first to use the next generation spacecraft using the Mariner Mark II design. The CRAF spacecraft (Comet Rendezvous Asteroid Flyby) will meet with the Comet Kopff near the orbit of Jupiter and travel along side it for at least three years. It will also launch a penetrator which will directly sample the comet's nucleus. On the way to to Comet Kopff, CRAF will flyby the asteroid Hamburga. JPL is currently in negotiations with the McDonald's hamburger franchise to arrange some kind of advertising deal (this is no joke). Key Scheduled Dates for the CRAF Mission -------------------------------------------- 08/22/95 - Titan IV/Centaur Launch 01/22/98 - 449 Hamburga Asteroid Flyby 08/14/00 - Comet Kopff Arrival 08/20/01 - CRAF Penetrator to Kopff 03/31/03 - End of Primary Mission The Cassini mission will go to Saturn, using gravity assists from the Earth and Jupiter. This trajectory is called EJGA (Earth-Jupiter Gravity Assist). A probe named Huygens will be dropped off at Saturn's largest moon, Titan. The Cassini mission is an international mission. The European Space Agency (ESA) will supply the Huygens probe, Germany will supply the propulsion module, and Italy will provide the High Gain Antenna, sun sensors, and radio science instruments. ESA has already approved the science instruments that will be on the Titan probe. NASA has selected the science instruments that will be onboard the Cassini orbiter; however, this list is not quite official yet -- it is sitting on the desk of Richard Truly, NASA's administrator, awaiting his signature. Key Scheduled Dates for the Cassini Mission (EJGA Trajectory) ------------------------------------------------------------- 08/22/96 - Titan IV/Centaur Launch 03/29/97 - 66 Maja Asteroid Flyby 06/08/98 - Earth Gravity Assist 02/06/00 - Jupiter Gravity Assist 12/06/02 - Saturn Arrival 03/27/03 - Titan Probe Release 03/29/03 - Orbiter Deflection Maneuver 04/18/03 - Titan Probe Entry 06/30/03 - Iapetus Flyby 05/20/04 - Dione Flyby 09/12/04 - Enceladus Flyby 08/14/05 - Iapetus Flyby 12/31/06 - End of Primary Mission The Maja asteroid that Cassini will encounter is a type C asteroid, 39 kilometers in size. When Cassini arrives at Saturn in December, 2002, it will perform a SOI (Saturn Orbit Insertion) burn. The spacecraft will actually pass through the outer rings of Saturn during SOI, passing between the F and G rings at a distance of 2.6 Saturn radii from the planet. After SOI, the Huygens probe will be released on the subsequent orbit. Two days after probe release, the Cassini orbiter will perform a deflection manuever. This deflection maneuver serves two purposes: it ensures the Cassini orbiter doesn't follow the Hugyens probe into Titan, and it positions the orbiter to lag behind the probe about 3.5 hours so that science data can be received from the Huygens probe as it descends into the atmosphere of Titan. It will take the Huygens probe about 3 hours to parachute all the way down to the surface of Titan; if the probe survives the landing, valuable data will continue to be transmitted back for about 30 more minutes. No more data will be returned to the Cassini orbiter from Huygens on any subsequent orbits, as the battery onboard Huygens will have rundown by then. During its four year orbital tour of Saturn, Cassini will make 60 orbits of the planet. Compare this with Galileo, which will make about 10 orbits around Jupiter in two years. Galileo has the luxury of using gravity assists of the four large Galileon moons (Io, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto), while at Saturn, there is only one large moon, Titan, that Cassini can take advantage of. Because of this, Cassini will make close flybys of Titan on 35 of the 60 orbits. Each Titan flyby is designed so that the Cassini will be deflected a little further out of Saturn's ecliptic plane, so that at the end of four years, the spacecraft will be in polar orbit around Saturn at an inclination of between 80 to 90 degrees. A polar orbit puts Cassini into a unique advantage point where many star occultations can be observed through Saturn's rings. Cassini will be carrying a Titan Radar Mapper which it will use to map the surface of Titan during its numerous flybys of the moon. The Titan Radar Mapper is a SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar), similiar to the one used by the Magellan spacecraft at Venus. Also, still being looked at, are alternate trajectory routes to Saturn. A VEJGA (Venus-Earth-Jupiter Gravity Assist) trajectory has been developed which would use an additional gravity assist of Venus. This trajectory has the advantage of reducing the launch energy, which in turn, means a heavier payload can be launched. Note that the VEJGA trajectory is only preliminary, and the EJGA trajectory is still the official route that Cassini will take. Key Dates for the Cassini Mission (VEJGA Trajectory) ---------------------------------------------------- 11/28/95 - Titan IV/Centaur Launch 12/04/96 - Venus Gravity Assist 07/05/98 - Earth Gravity Assist 11/11/98 - Clarissa Asteriod Flyby 03/28/00 - Jupiter Gravity Assist 12/07/03 - Saturn Arrival This trajectory will have Cassini pass near the Clarissa Asteroid, a type F asteroid which is 21 kilometers in size. ___ _____ ___ /_ /| /____/ \ /_ /| | | | | __ \ /| | | | Ron Baalke | baalke@mars.jpl.nasa.gov ___| | | | |__) |/ | | |___ Jet Propulsion Lab | baalke@jems.jpl.nasa.gov /___| | | | ___/ | |/__ /| M/S 301-355 | |_____|/ |_|/ |_____|/ Pasadena, CA 91109 | ------------------------------ End of SPACE Digest V12 #548 *******************