echo x - DIR
sed '1,$s/^X//' <<\!FUNKY!STUFF! > DIR
Xcancel*stop a print job
Xcancel:cancel
Xcat*look at a file
Xcat:cat
Xcd*change directory
Xcd:cd
Xfiles*xenix file struture
Xfiles:files
Xhelp*help
Xkermit*kermit
Xkermit:upload
Xkermit:download
Xless*viewing a stream
Xless:less
Xlp*printing
Xlp:lp
Xlpstat*show queue
Xlpstat:lpstat
Xls*directory
Xls:ls
Xmail*sending mail
Xmail:mail
Xmkdir*making a subdirectory
Xmkdir:mkdir
Xmore*scan a file
Xmore:more
Xod*looking at a non-text file
Xod:od
Xpassword*changing your password
Xpassword:password
Xpassword:passwd
Xrm*deleting a file
Xrm:rm
Xrmdir*removing a directory
Xrmdir:rmdir
Xusers*who is logged on to which machine
Xusers:users
Xwho*who is logged on to what port
Xwho:who
Xwrite*talking with other users
Xwrite:write
!FUNKY!STUFF!
echo x - TEXT
sed '1,$s/^X//' <<\!FUNKY!STUFF! > TEXT
X
XThis is the help facility for the Computer Science Undergraduate
XComputing Facility (running on Intel 286/310's).  In response to
Xthe "HELP >" prompt, you can:
X
X	+ Type any help topic that you see listed for further
X	  help on that subject.
X
X	+ Press return to back out of the help facility by
X	  one level (or back to the shell).
X
X	+ Press <DEL> or <ctrl-D> to get back to the shell.
!FUNKY!STUFF!
mkdir cancel
cd cancel
echo x - TEXT
sed '1,$s/^X//' <<\!FUNKY!STUFF! > TEXT
X"cancel" cancels line printer requests that were made by the "lp(1)"
Xcommand.  The command line arguments may be either request ids (as
Xreturned by "lp(1)") or printer names (as given by "lpstat(1)").
X
XSpecifying a request id cancels the associated request even if it
Xis currently printing.  Specifying a printer cancels the request
Xwhich is currently printing on that printer.
X
XThe general syntax is:
X
X	cancel [ids] [printers]
!FUNKY!STUFF!
cd ..
mkdir cat
cd cat
echo x - DIR
sed '1,$s/^X//' <<\!FUNKY!STUFF! > DIR
Xcopying*copying files
Xpiping*piping files
!FUNKY!STUFF!
echo x - TEXT
sed '1,$s/^X//' <<\!FUNKY!STUFF! > TEXT
X
XThis XENIX facility allows you to look at the contents of a file.
XYou do this by typing:
X
X	% cat <filename>
X
XThis will display to your screen the entire contents of the file <filename>.
X
XNOTE:	You will probably want to use "more(1)" or "less(l)" to view
X	the contents of a file.  These commands page the data to your
X	screen rather than just list it like "cat(1)".
!FUNKY!STUFF!
mkdir copying
cd copying
echo x - TEXT
sed '1,$s/^X//' <<\!FUNKY!STUFF! > TEXT
X
XYou can use "cat (1)" to copy any file that you have read access to.
XThis is done using the file redirection capabilities of UNIX in the following
Xmanor...
X
X	If you want to copy the file "//magma/usr/joe/a.out" to
X	a new file "//magma/usr/joe/prog1", you can type the following...
X
X	$ cat <//magma/usr/joe/a.out >//magma/usr/joe/prog1
X	$
X
X	OR if you are already in the directory
X	"//magma/usr/joe", you can type
X
X	$ cat <a.out >prog1
X	$
X
XNOTE:	Several better methods exist.  See Also "mv(1)" and "cp(1)".
!FUNKY!STUFF!
cd ..
mkdir piping
cd piping
echo x - TEXT
sed '1,$s/^X//' <<\!FUNKY!STUFF! > TEXT
X
XAnother use for "cat (1)" is to be the source of a file for a pipe.
XUsing "cat (1)" in this way works, but is not necessary the best way to
Xget the job done.
X
X	Lets say that the file "//magma/usr/joe/prog1.dat" is the
X	source input file for the program "//magma/usr/joe/prog1".
X	Also, let's assume you are already in the directory
X	"//magma/usr/joe".  To use the data file as input to the
X	program you COULD do the following...
X
X	$ cat prog1.dat | prog1
X	$
X
XNOTE:	A better way of doing this is the following
X
X	$ prog1 < prog1.dat
X	$
!FUNKY!STUFF!
cd ..
cd ..
mkdir cd
cd cd
echo x - DIR
sed '1,$s/^X//' <<\!FUNKY!STUFF! > DIR
Xdot*Going nowhere
Xdot-dot*going up
Xdown*moving down
Xsideways*moving sideways
Xup*moving up
!FUNKY!STUFF!
echo x - TEXT
sed '1,$s/^X//' <<\!FUNKY!STUFF! > TEXT
X
XUnder UNIX, the entire  directory structure is an inverted tree.  This
Xstructure is shown in the file names that are used to access everything
Xin the system.  For example
X
X	//magma/usr/joe/foo/a.out
X
Xdescribes a file on machine "magma",  under the first level directory
Xheading "usr", under the second level directory heading "joe", under
Xthe third level directory heading "foo", NAMED "a.out". I.E.
X
X	//<Machine>/<Directory 1>/.../<Directory N>/<File name>
X
XTo traverse this type of directory structure, the standard UNIX command
X"cd (1)" is used.  This command allows you to 'walk' a directory from point
X'a' to point 'b' easily.
X
XIt will also allow you to go from machine to machine.
X
XAbsolute paths may also be used to get from a place in sub-sub-directory
X'a' to a place in sub-directory 'b' (for example) without having to
Xtraverse the entire path between these two directories.
!FUNKY!STUFF!
mkdir dot
cd dot
echo x - TEXT
sed '1,$s/^X//' <<\!FUNKY!STUFF! > TEXT
X
XThere are several unique names in the XENIX file structure.  One of these
Xare "."  This file name refers to the current directory file.  Therefore
X"file1" refers to the same file as "./file1"
!FUNKY!STUFF!
cd ..
mkdir dot-dot
cd dot-dot
echo x - TEXT
sed '1,$s/^X//' <<\!FUNKY!STUFF! > TEXT
X
XThere are several unique names in the XENIX file structure.  One of these
Xis ".."  This file name refers to the current directory's parent directory
Xfile.  Therefore if "foo" is the parent directory of "bar" (i.e.
X"/usr/foo/bar" say), then the directories "/usr/foo" and "/usr/foo/bar/.."
Xboth refer to the same directory.
!FUNKY!STUFF!
cd ..
mkdir down
cd down
echo x - TEXT
sed '1,$s/^X//' <<\!FUNKY!STUFF! > TEXT
X
XIf you were in the _directory_ "//magma/usr/joe/foo" looking
Xat the file "a.out", and you wanted to descend to the subdirectory
X"bar" you have to type
X
X	$ cd bar
X	$
X
XThis will move you down the directory link to the subdirectory specified
Xby the complete path
X
X	"//magma/usr/joe/foo/bar"
X
XSimilarly, if you know that the directory path
X
X	"//magma/usr/joe/foo/bar/sue/ann/bob"
X
Xexists, and you are at the directory
X
X	"//magma/usr/joe"
X
Xand you wish to get to the before mentioned directory, you can type
X
X	$ cd foo/bar/sue/ann/bob
X	$
X
XThis is called a "relative path" to the file
X"//magma/usr/joe/foo/bar/sue/ann/bob" and this will put you in the
Xdescribed directory just as if you had typed
X
X	$ cd //magma/usr/joe/foo/bar/sue/ann/bob
!FUNKY!STUFF!
cd ..
mkdir sideways
cd sideways
echo x - TEXT
sed '1,$s/^X//' <<\!FUNKY!STUFF! > TEXT
X
XIn this example, if you want to jump from the directory
X
X	"//magma/usr/joe/foo"
X
Xto a directory 
X
X	"//earth/usr/sue/ann/bob"
X
XYou can type the following to get you there
X
X	$ cd //earth/usr/sue/ann/bob
X	$
X
XPlease note that you do not even have to be on the same physical machine
Xto descend to a subdirectory of that machine.  All that is required is that
Xyou know the path to the subdirectory that you want AND that you have the
Xaccess permission of who ever owns that file/directory.
!FUNKY!STUFF!
cd ..
mkdir up
cd up
echo x - TEXT
sed '1,$s/^X//' <<\!FUNKY!STUFF! > TEXT
X
XIf you were in the _directory_ "//magma/usr/joe/foo" looking
Xat the file "a.out", and you wanted to return to the directory
X"//magma/usr/joe", all you have to type
X
X$ cd ..
X$
X
XThis will move you up the return link to the directory above you.
!FUNKY!STUFF!
cd ..
cd ..
mkdir files
cd files
echo x - TEXT
sed '1,$s/^X//' <<\!FUNKY!STUFF! > TEXT
XThere are several unique problems that are related to Open-Net,
Xthe software package that gives the Intel's their collective identity.
XThese relate to the fact that if you have a program that tries to open
Xa file "foo" in your current working directory, the "open(2)" call will
Xwork.  However, if you try to open a file "/usr/joe/foo", this will FAIL.
XThe reason is that the local machine that you have logged onto will try
Xto find a file "/usr/joe/foo" on IT'S file system, rooted from the top,
Xand will FAIL.  To get the above example to function, you should have your
Xopen call try to open "//machine/usr/joe/foo".
!FUNKY!STUFF!
cd ..
mkdir help
cd help
echo x - TEXT
sed '1,$s/^X//' <<\!FUNKY!STUFF! > TEXT
XThis is a VMS style help facility.  It is intended to be more helpful
Xfor first time users of the XENIX (or UNIX) operating system than is the
Xnative "man (1)" help system that normally comes with this operating system.
XIn addition to being more helpful, we don't have the "man (1)" system
Xon XENIX, so I had to come up with something...
X
XIn any case, this system is a tree-like help facility.  For each entry
Xin the help tree, there can be many children below each entry.
XTo move around in the tree, you go to each point in the tree and then
Xgo down one level.  To go back up, you travel the link from the child
Xto the parent.  I.E.
X
X			------- Main Subject --------- ...
X			/	  \			\...\
X		       /	   \
X		Child Subject      Other Child Subjects	  ...
X		     / | \		/ | \
X	Grand Children Subjects	  Grand Children Subjects	...
X
XTo exit the help facility, just type <CR> enough times to move up the
Xchildren links to exit the "Main Subject" node, type <CTRL-D>, or <DEL>.
X
XIn addition, this help system runs over Open-Net, an Intel software package
Xthat gives the Intel 310's their collective identity.  This allows there to
Xbe only one copy of the help system on the collective six machines of the
XIntel system.
!FUNKY!STUFF!
cd ..
mkdir kermit
cd kermit
echo x - TEXT
sed '1,$s/^X//' <<\!FUNKY!STUFF! > TEXT
X                       THE KERMIT FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL
X
X                                 November 1986
X
X
X
XKermit  is  an  error-correcting protocol for transferring sequential files be-
Xtween computers of  all  sizes  over  ordinary  asynchronous  telecommunication
Xlines.  Kermit is non-proprietary, thoroughly documented, and in wide use.  The
Xprotocol and the original implementations were developed at Columbia University
Xand  have  been shared with thousands of other institutions all over the world,
Xmany of which have made significant contributions of  their  own.    Kermit  is
Xpresently available for more than 200 different machines and operating systems,
Xand additional versions are always under development.
X
XAll Kermit programs perform  file  transfer  using  the  Kermit  file  transfer
Xprotocol.    In  addition,  Kermit programs for personal computers also provide
Xterminal emulation, usually of the DEC VT52, VT100, or  similar  terminal,  and
Xsome  of  the  mainframe Kermit programs are capable of initiating connections,
Xacting as dumb terminals to remote systems.  Kermit  programs  work  only  over
Xasynchronous  RS-232 direct or dialup connections, or connections that simulate
Xthem.  For file transfer to take place, there must be a Kermit program  running
Xon each end of the connection, one on each computer.
X
XThere are Kermit programs for most popular "generic" operating systems, includ-
Xing UNIX, MS-DOS, and CP/M, and for  mainframes  and  minicomputers  from  Bur-
Xroughs,   Cray,  CDC,  Data  General,  DEC,  Gould  (SEL),  Harris,  Honeywell,
XHewlett-Packard, IBM, Perkin-Elmer (Concurrent), Prime, Sperry/Univac, and Tan-
Xdem,  and  for  particular  microcomputers and workstations from Apple, Apollo,
XAtari, Commodore, IBM, Tandy, and many others, written in  a  wide  variety  of
Xlanguages  including  many different assemblers, plus high-level languages like
XAlgol, Basic, Bliss, C, Forth, Fortran, Lisp, Mumps, Pascal, PL/I, and  Ratfor.
XA complete list of currently available Kermit programs accompanies this flyer.
X
XHere  are some details about the several most popular Kermit programs.  Most of
Xthe following implementations are capable of both local and  remote  operation,
Xserver  and  client  modes,  text  and binary file transfer, and support a full
Xrange of communications options -- speed, parity, duplex, flow  control,  hand-
Xshake  --  to  allow  adaptation  to  a  wide  variety  of hosts (including IBM
Xmainframes) and communication media.
X
X   - IBM PC Kermit Version 2.29 runs under PC-DOS version 2.0 and later on
X     the entire IBM PC family, as well as on IBM "clones" and compatibles.
X     It provides nearly complete DEC VT102 terminal emulation at speeds up
X     to  38.4K  baud  fully  buffered and interrupt driven -- and includes
X     support for  color  displays,  compatibility  with  various  "desktop
X     organizers,"  and selectable emulation of other terminals.  There are
X     also versions of Kermit specifically tailored for a variety of  other
X     MS-DOS  systems,  including the DEC Rainbow, Zenith-100, Victor 9000,
X     and many others, and there is a "generic" MS-DOS Kermit  for  systems
X     not explicitly covered.
X
X   - Macintosh  Kermit  Version 0.8(34) runs on the entire Apple Macintosh
X     family, from the original 128K Mac to the Mac/XL, to the  fully  con-
X     figured  Macintosh-Plus.  It provides fairly complete VT102 emulation
X     at speeds up to 9600 baud, and file transfer speeds up to 56Kb.
X
X   - UNIX Kermit is distributed only in C-language source form.  It may be
X     built  for  nearly any machine running practically any post-V6 varia-
X     tion of UNIX, including V7, Berkeley 2.x and 4.x, AT&T System III and
X     System  V, Xenix, Venix, and so on.  The same source also serves as a
X     basis for Macintosh, Amiga, and other Kermit programs.
X
X   - VAX/VMS Kermit is written in Bliss, but it  is  also  distributed  in
X     Macro-32  and  hex  form,  so  that a Bliss compiler is not required.
X     Other versions exist in C and Pascal.
X
X   - IBM mainframe Kermit  programs  for  VM/CMS  and  MVS/TSO  work  with
X     asynchronous  ASCII  TTY connections through 3705 or equivalent front
X     ends, or through Series/1, 7171, or similar protocol converters  that
X     support  the Yale ASCII Communications System; beyond this exception,
X     Kermit cannot be  used  to  transfer  files  in  the  IBM  3270-style
X     full-screen  terminal  environment.  There are no Kermit programs for
X     DOS/VSE, or IBM minis like the System/34 and System/38, because these
X     systems do not support asynchronous ASCII communications.  Currently,
X     IBM mainframe Kermits run only in remote mode.
X
XThe Kermit software -- including source code -- is furnished free  and  without
Xlicense, and without warranty of any kind, and neither Columbia University, nor
Xthe individual  authors,  nor  any  institution  that  has  contributed  Kermit
Xmaterial, acknowledge any liability for any claims arising from the use of Ker-
Xmit.  Furthermore, it must be stated that the quality of  the  Kermit  programs
Xvaries  --  some are polished, well-documented professional products and others
Xare not.  Kermit programs are contributed by  public-spirited  volunteers,  and
XColumbia  University does not wish to discourage such contributions by subject-
Xing them to a rating system.  Since source code is provided for  all  implemen-
Xtations, users may make improvements or write documentation where it is lacking
Xand are encouraged to contribute their work back to Columbia for  further  dis-
Xtribution.    Under  certain  conditions  (described  in  a  separate document)
Xsoftware producers may include Kermit protocol in their products.
X
XAlthough the Kermit software is free and unlicensed, Columbia University cannot
Xafford  to  distribute  it for free because the demand is too great.  To defray
Xour costs for media, printing, postage, labor, and computing resources, we  re-
Xquire  moderate  distribution  fees from those who request Kermit directly from
Xus.  The schedule is given on the accompanying Kermit Order Form.  You may also
Xobtain  Kermit  programs  from  many other sources, including user groups, net-
Xworks, dialup bulletin boards, and you may copy them from  friends,  neighbors,
Xand  colleagues.    In  fact, you may obtain Kermit programs from anyone who is
Xwilling to share them with you, just as you may share them yourself.
X
XKermit is distributed by Columbia  University  primarily  on  9-track  magnetic
Xtape,  suitable for reading on most mainframe and minicomputers.  It is assumed
Xthat Kermit will be ordered in this form  by  institutional  computer  centers,
Xwhose  professional  staff will take the responsibility for "bootstrapping" the
Xmicrocomputer versions from the tape to diskettes for their users.   The  tapes
Xinclude  source  code and any available documentation for each Kermit implemen-
Xtation, and in some cases also binaries (usually encoded in hex or other print-
Xable format).  Selected microcomputer versions are also available from Columbia
Xon diskette, and from diskette services, user  groups,  and  individual  volun-
Xteers, some of whom are listed on a separate flyer.
X
XDocumentation  includes  the  Kermit  User  Guide  (about 250pp) and the Kermit
XProtocol Manual (90pp); one printed copy of each is included free with any tape
Xorder.  Other documents may be ordered separately, including addition copies of
Xthe manuals, the manuscript from the Kermit article that appeared in  the  June
Xand  July  1984 issues of BYTE Magazine (36pp), and the new book Kermit, A File
XTransfer Protocol by Frank da Cruz, 400pp, Digital Press (1987).
X
XThe Kermit book is a comprehensive introduction and guide  to  Kermit;  it  in-
Xcludes  an  overview  of what Kermit is for and how it works, with tutorials in
Xcomputer file systems and data communications, a generalized command reference,
Xa  troubleshooting  guide,  a  complete protocol specification with program ex-
Xamples, a glossary, an index, and numerous tables, figures, and  illustrations.
XThe User Guide contains detailed, specific instructions for the use of the most
Xpopular Kermit programs (MS-DOS, VMS, UNIX, Apple, etc).  The  Protocol  Manual
Xis  an  older  description of the Kermit protocol, which lacks the organization
Xand program examples from the book.  If you have the book, you don't  need  the
XProtocol Manual but you will still need the User Guide.
X
XOnce  you  receive Kermit, you are encouraged to copy and redistribute it, with
Xthe following stipulations: Kermit should not be sold for profit; credit should
Xbe  given  where  it  is  due; and new material should be sent back to Columbia
XUniversity so that we can maintain a definitive and comprehensive set of Kermit
Ximplementations  for further distribution.  And finally, please use Kermit only
Xfor peaceful and humane purposes.
X
XORDERING INFORMATION:
X
XAll Kermit material is available on magnetic tape as described below.  Selected
XKermit programs may also be ordered on diskette; see the order form.  Tapes in-
Xclude program source code, diskettes generally do not have room for source.
X
XThere are 3 separate Kermit tapes: A, B, and C. There are too many Kermit files
Xto  fit  on fewer tapes.  All tapes are half-inch, 2400-foot, 9-track, 1600bpi,
Xodd parity.  They are available ONLY in the following formats:
X
X  ANSI:   ANSI labeled ASCII, format D (variable length records, VMS COPY)
X  TAR:    UNIX TAR format (written on a VAX with 4.2BSD or Ultrix-32)
X  OS:     IBM OS standard labeled EBCDIC, format VB (variable length records)
X  CMS:    IBM VM/CMS VMFPLC2 format (unlabeled)
X  DEC-10: DECsystem-10 Backup/Interchange format (unlabeled)
X  DEC-20: DECSYSTEM-20 DUMPER format (unlabeled)
X
XTape blocksizes, when applicable, are our choice and in the range  8K-10K  (use
Xof  smaller  blocksizes could overflow the tapes).  NO OTHER FORMATS ARE AVAIL-
XABLE.  We can NOT make 800bpi or 6250bpi  tapes,  unlabeled  tapes  (except  as
Xnoted  above),  fixed-block tapes, or custom tapes of any kind.  If none of the
Xabove formats looks familiar to you, then specify ANSI -- this is  an  industry
Xstandard format that should be readable by any computer system (ANSI specifica-
Xtions are provided on paper).  VAX/VMS sites should specify ANSI.
X
XTAPE "A" CONTAINS:
X   - The more popular microcomputer  (PC,  workstation)  Kermit  implemen-
X     tations.
X
XTAPE "B" CONTAINS:
X   - The more popular mainframe and minicomputer Kermit implementations.
X
XTAPE "C" CONTAINS:
X   - Esoteric, less popular, or redundant Kermit implementations.
X   - Text formatter source for the Kermit User Guide and Protocol Manual.
X   - Archives of old mail, other large documents.
X
XEXCEPTIONS:
X   - C-Kermit  is  the basis of all Unix Kermit implementations, mainframe
X     and micro, and also for Commodore Amiga and Apple Macintosh  Kermits.
X     It is on tape B.
X
X
X
X
X         TO ORDER KERMIT, fill out the Kermit Order Form and send it to:
X               __________________________________________________
X
X                               Kermit Distribution
X               Columbia University Center for Computing Activities
X                              612 West 115th Street
X                            New York, NY 10025 (USA)
X               __________________________________________________
X
X
XPrepayment  by  check  is encouraged; an additional order processing fee is re-
Xquired if we must issue an invoice.   North  American  orders  are  shipped  by
Xdelivery  service  or first class US mail, with shipping costs included.  Over-
Xseas orders are shipped first class US (air) mail, with an additional  shipping
Xcharge  required.    Orders are normally processed within 2-4 weeks of receipt,
Xbut firm delivery schedules or methods cannot be guaranteed.  USA rush  service
Xis available for an extra fee (see order form *).
!FUNKY!STUFF!
cd ..
mkdir less
cd less
echo x - TEXT
sed '1,$s/^X//' <<\!FUNKY!STUFF! > TEXT
X
XTyping less <filename> at the command prompt will cause the computer to
Xdisplay the file one screen at a time.  The computer will not go to the
Xnext page of text until you press the spacebar.  You may also scroll
Xtext one line at a time with the return key, but you must press the
Xreturn key for each new line of text.  To get out of "less" you must
Xpress "q" to quit.
X
X"less(L)" is different from "more(1)" in that you may scroll backwards
Xwith "less(L)".  The 'help' key in "less(L)" is 'h'.
X
XFor example, the command
X
X% less foo
X
Xwould display the file named foo one screen at a time, or until you
Xtype 'q'.
!FUNKY!STUFF!
cd ..
mkdir lp
cd lp
echo x - TEXT
sed '1,$s/^X//' <<\!FUNKY!STUFF! > TEXT
X"lp(1)" is the command to print a file.  Currently there are several
Xdifferent printer queue's supported.  A current list of the available
Xprinters can be seen by giving the "lpstat -p" command.
X
XTypical printers that are usually available for CSUG users are:
X	ag	- Ag Hall 241 printer
X	parker	- The basement of the Parker Residence hall
X	ms222	- The CIS cluster of AT&T Unix PC's in Math Sciences 222
X		  (ms222 is available 8am-5pm M-F only).
X	ms214	- The CIS graduate cluster of AT&T PC's in Math Sciences
X		  214
X	bus	- Business Building 009
X	es1	- Engineering South 113
X	es3	- Engineering South 413
X	iba	- Iba Hall 111-A
X	ps	- Physical Sciences 102
X	stout	- Stout Hall 043
X	ucat	- University Center - Tulsa
X	ucc2	- Math Sciences Basement cluster MS-013
X	
X
XThese printers are designated by the following syntax
X
X	lp -d<queue>
X
XWhere <queue> is one of the printers shown to be available by the
X"lpstat -p" command.
X
XFor example, to print a file named foo on the 'parker' printer, you type 
Xthe following command:
X
X	lp -dparker < foo
!FUNKY!STUFF!
cd ..
mkdir lpstat
cd lpstat
mkdir -r
cd -r
echo x - TEXT
sed '1,$s/^X//' <<\!FUNKY!STUFF! > TEXT
XThe "-r" option to "lpstat(1)" gives the current status of the
Xline printer scheduler.  If "lpstat(1)" returns with 
X
X	scheduler is not running
X
XYou should contact the secretaries in MS-218 and report the
Xname of the machine you are logged into, as well as the fact
Xthat the scheduler is not running
!FUNKY!STUFF!
cd ..
mkdir -t
cd -t
echo x - TEXT
sed '1,$s/^X//' <<\!FUNKY!STUFF! > TEXT
XThe "-t" option to the "lpstat(1)" command will give you the
Xstatistics for the entire "lp(1)" family of commands as well
Xas the current status of the print queue, which jobs are currently
Xbeing serviced, and which printer queue's are accepting jobs
Xcurrently.
!FUNKY!STUFF!
cd ..
mkdir -u
cd -u
echo x - TEXT
sed '1,$s/^X//' <<\!FUNKY!STUFF! > TEXT
XThe "-u" option of the "lpstat(1)" allows you to cut down the
Xlist of queue'ed jobs to those belonging to a particular user.
X
XAn example is in order...
X
X	lpstat -uroot
X
XWould give a complete list of all jobs owned by the user "root"
Xto any destination on the current machine.
!FUNKY!STUFF!
cd ..
echo x - DIR
sed '1,$s/^X//' <<\!FUNKY!STUFF! > DIR
X-r*scheduler
X-t*everything
X-u*by user
X-r:-r
X-t:-t
X-u:-u
!FUNKY!STUFF!
echo x - TEXT
sed '1,$s/^X//' <<\!FUNKY!STUFF! > TEXT
X"lpstat(1)" is the command that will check on the printer system.
XIt reports the overall list of jobs in the print queue (for each
Xprinter), the status of the scheduler, and several other statistics.
!FUNKY!STUFF!
cd ..
mkdir ls
cd ls
echo x - TEXT
sed '1,$s/^X//' <<\!FUNKY!STUFF! > TEXT
X
X"ls" stands for "list directory".  For you VMS users, this is "DIRECTORY".
XThe several options listed below are useful mostly in shell scripts
X(NOTE: see the help page on your shell for further details).  There are
Xseveral that are of prime help during the usual running.  They are
Xthe "-a" and "-l" options.
!FUNKY!STUFF!
cd ..
mkdir mail
cd mail
echo x - DIR
sed '1,$s/^X//' <<\!FUNKY!STUFF! > DIR
Xreading*reading
Xwriting*writing
!FUNKY!STUFF!
echo x - TEXT
sed '1,$s/^X//' <<\!FUNKY!STUFF! > TEXT
XThe "mail(L)" command is used to transfer messages from one user to
Xanother.  There are two command line invocations of mail that
Xdo vastly different things.  They are for reading and writing mail.
!FUNKY!STUFF!
mkdir reading
cd reading
echo x - TEXT
sed '1,$s/^X//' <<\!FUNKY!STUFF! > TEXT
XTo read your mail, you should use the following command line...
X
X	% mail
X
XWhat this will present you with is either the list of mail message
Xheaders that you have not read (or have saved) or the message
X
X	No mail
X
Xif you have no new mail.
X
X
XThe commands that are in effect during this mode of operation are
Xvery well covered in the internal help facility of mail as accessed
Xby the "?" command.
!FUNKY!STUFF!
cd ..
mkdir writing
cd writing
echo x - TEXT
sed '1,$s/^X//' <<\!FUNKY!STUFF! > TEXT
XTo write mail to a user, you must have their address.  Once you have
Xthat, you can send them mail by the following command line
X
X	% mail bob
X	<your message here>
X		.
X		.
X		.
X	<control-D as the first character of a line>
X		<A SHORT PAUSE>
X	%
X
XThis will send some message to the user "bob" on the Intel system.
!FUNKY!STUFF!
cd ..
cd ..
mkdir mkdir
cd mkdir
echo x - TEXT
sed '1,$s/^X//' <<\!FUNKY!STUFF! > TEXT
X
X
X
X
X          Name
X
X            mkdir - Make Directory
X
X          Format
X
X            mkdir directory-name
X
X          Description
X
X              The mkdir command will create a directory in the current
X            directory that the user is in if the user has write and
X            execute access permission to the parent directory of the
X            directory that the user is creating.
X              The mkdir command can also create the subdirectories at the
X            same time that it creates the main directory.  For example
X
X                          mkdir foo/foo1/foo2
X
X            would create a directory named foo with subdirectories named
X            foo1 and foo2.
X
X
!FUNKY!STUFF!
cd ..
mkdir more
cd more
echo x - TEXT
sed '1,$s/^X//' <<\!FUNKY!STUFF! > TEXT
X
X
X
X
X
X
X             Name 
X
X               more - Views files one page at a time.
X
X             Description:
X
X                 Typing more <filename> at the command prompt
X              will cause the computer to display the file one
X              screen at a time.  The computer will not go to
X              the next page of text until you press the spacebar.
X              You may also scroll text one line at a time with    
X              the return key, but you must press the return key
X              for each new line of text.
X                 To get out of "more" you can either view the 
X              whole file or press the delete key.
X
X              For example, the command
X
X                   % more foo
X           
X              would display the file named foo one screen at a
X              time.
X
!FUNKY!STUFF!
cd ..
mkdir od
cd od
mkdir -c
cd -c
echo x - TEXT
sed '1,$s/^X//' <<\!FUNKY!STUFF! > TEXT
X
X
X
X             Utility
X
X                od - octal dump
X
X             Option
X
X                -c
X
X             Description
X
X                The -c option of the od utility will produce
X               a character dump.  od will display certain 
X               nonprintable characters as characters preceded
X               by a backslash.  Any nonprinting characters that
X               are not in the following list will appear as
X               3-digit octal numbers.
X
X                   symbol      character
X                   ------      ---------
X                     \O         null
X                     \b         backspace
X                     \f         formfeed
X                     \n         newline
X                     \r         return
X                     \t         tab
X
!FUNKY!STUFF!
cd ..
mkdir -d
cd -d
echo x - TEXT
sed '1,$s/^X//' <<\!FUNKY!STUFF! > TEXT
X
X
X
X            Utility
X
X               od - octal dump
X
X            Option
X
X               -d
X
X            Description
X
X                The -d option used with the od utility will 
X              produce a decimal dump of your file.
X  
!FUNKY!STUFF!
cd ..
mkdir -x
cd -x
echo x - TEXT
sed '1,$s/^X//' <<\!FUNKY!STUFF! > TEXT
X
X
X
X
X             Utility
X
X                od - octal dump
X
X             Option
X
X                -x
X
X             Description
X
X                 The -x option used with the od utility will
X               produce a hexidecimal dump of your file.
X
!FUNKY!STUFF!
cd ..
echo x - DIR
sed '1,$s/^X//' <<\!FUNKY!STUFF! > DIR
X-c*ascii
X-d*decimal
X-x*hex
X-c:-c
X-d:-d
X-x:-x
!FUNKY!STUFF!
echo x - TEXT
sed '1,$s/^X//' <<\!FUNKY!STUFF! > TEXT
X
X
X
X            Name
X
X              od - Short for octal dump
X
X            Description:
X
X               The od utility will dump the contents of an
X              executable or object file into a file so that 
X              you may view the contents.  The syntax for the
X              od utility is
X
X                      od <-option> file
X  
X              where file is the pathname of the file that od
X              dumps.  If you do not specify an option, the        
X              utility will default to  an octal dump.  
!FUNKY!STUFF!
cd ..
mkdir password
cd password
echo x - TEXT
sed '1,$s/^X//' <<\!FUNKY!STUFF! > TEXT
X
X
X
X          Name
X     
X            passwd - Change Password
X
X          Description
X
X            The command passwd will allow the user to change his/her
X           password into the computer.  The format for the command passwd
X           is as follows:
X
X
X               1) Type "passwd" at the command prompt.
X
X               2) The computer will respond with "Old Password:" 
X                  You should then type in your old password and hit
X                  return.
X
X               3) The computer will respond with "New Password:".  
X                  You should then type in your new password and hit
X                  return.
X
X               4) The computer will respond with "Re-enter new password:".
X                  You should then re-enter your password and hit return.
X                  If the new password and the re-entered password do not
X                  match, then the computer will prompt you again for the
X                  new password.
X
!FUNKY!STUFF!
cd ..
mkdir rm
cd rm
mkdir -f
cd -f
echo x - TEXT
sed '1,$s/^X//' <<\!FUNKY!STUFF! > TEXT
XUsing the -f option with the rm command will remove a file
Xthat you don't have write permission to without asking for
Xyour consent.
!FUNKY!STUFF!
cd ..
mkdir -i
cd -i
echo x - TEXT
sed '1,$s/^X//' <<\!FUNKY!STUFF! > TEXT
XUsing the -i option with the rm command will make the rm
Xcommand prompt you before the file is removed.  If you
Xuse the -r option with the -i option, rm will prompt you
Xbefore examining each directory.
!FUNKY!STUFF!
cd ..
mkdir -r
cd -r
echo x - TEXT
sed '1,$s/^X//' <<\!FUNKY!STUFF! > TEXT
XUsing the -r option with the rm command will delete all files
Xin a directory as well as the directory itself.  Be careful
Xusing the -r option.
!FUNKY!STUFF!
cd ..
echo x - DIR
sed '1,$s/^X//' <<\!FUNKY!STUFF! > DIR
X-f*force
X-i*inquire
X-r*recursively
X-f:-f
X-i:-i
X-r:-r
!FUNKY!STUFF!
echo x - TEXT
sed '1,$s/^X//' <<\!FUNKY!STUFF! > TEXT
X
X
X
X         Name
X
X           rm - Remove File
X
X         Use
X
X           rm (option) filename
X
X         Description 
X
X               Using the rm command you can remove unnecessary files from
X            a directory.  The command itself is easy to use, for 
X            example 
X
X                         rm foo
X        
X             would remove the file foo from the directory you are in if
X             you have write permission in the directory.
X                With the right option you can remove all files in a 
X             directory that have certain attributes.  For example
X
X                         rm *.c
X 
X             would remove all files that end in .c in the directory
X             which you are in.
X
X
X
X
!FUNKY!STUFF!
cd ..
mkdir rmdir
cd rmdir
echo x - TEXT
sed '1,$s/^X//' <<\!FUNKY!STUFF! > TEXT
X
X
X
X             Name
X 
X               rmdir
X
X             Format
X
X               rmdir directory-name
X
X             Description
X
X                  The command rmdir removes directories by removing the
X                links that connect the directories to the tree.  A
X                directory, however, must first be empty before it can be
X                removed from the tree. Please consult the help facility
X                for more information on the rm command.
X                   The following examples will show common use of the
X                rmdir command.
X
X                             rmdir foo
X
X                                or
X
X                           rmdir foo/foo1
X
X                   The first example will remove the directory called
X                 foo and the second will remove the subdirectory called
X                 foo1.
X
X
!FUNKY!STUFF!
cd ..
mkdir users
cd users
echo x - TEXT
sed '1,$s/^X//' <<\!FUNKY!STUFF! > TEXT
XWhen you type "users" at the command prompt, the computer will respond
Xwith a list of users on the system and the computer that they are loged
Xonto.  For example:
X
X	% users    
X	//magma:  root
X	//earth:
X	//sand:
X	//soil:
X	//mud:
X	//dirt:
X	%
X
!FUNKY!STUFF!
cd ..
mkdir who
cd who
echo x - TEXT
sed '1,$s/^X//' <<\!FUNKY!STUFF! > TEXT
X"who(1)" is the command to find out who is logged on, when they
Xlogged on, and onto which machine they logged on.
X
X	% who
X	sue      magma    ttym0   Sep 24 11:08
X	bob      earth    ttym0   Sep 24 11:37
X	root     magma    ttym6   Sep 24 11:13
X	%
!FUNKY!STUFF!
cd ..
mkdir write
cd write
echo x - DIR
sed '1,$s/^X//' <<\!FUNKY!STUFF! > DIR
Xusers*finding someone to talk to
Xusers:users
Xwho*check for locked up
Xwho:who
!FUNKY!STUFF!
echo x - TEXT
sed '1,$s/^X//' <<\!FUNKY!STUFF! > TEXT
X"write(1)" is a command to allow two simultaneously logged on users
Xto communicate directly from their terminals (without having to "mail(1)"
Xthings back and forth).  This facility is of great use between team
Xmembers for talking over ideas.  However, it can get abusive.
X
XA short example is in order...
X
X	% write root			<------ This happens at bobs terminal
X
X	<while at "root"'s terminal, the following message INTERRUPTS
X	whatever was currently on the screen>
X
X	<bel><bel> Message from bob on magma ttym0... Thu Sept 24 11:48:15 1987
X
X	<at this point, "root" must get out of whatever facility, job, vi
X	session, etc. to get back to a shell prompt to answer the write.>
X
X	$ write bob			<------ Note the reverse of users
X
X	<back at "bob"'s terminal, a similar message is displayed>
X
X	<bel><bel>Message from root on dirt ttym6... Thu Sept 24 11:52:15 1987
X
XAt this point, both parties can type messages to each other's screen.
XIt is suggested that you follow some sort of protocol so that you don't
Xinterrupt each other's typing.  I.E....
X
X	<after having received a message that "root" was online, bob
X	SHOULD type first as the first party to interrupt>
X
X	Hi there root.  What's up?
X	cts				<------ Note this stands for
X						clear to send
X	<"root" now can type back to "bob">
X
X	Not too much...
X	cts				<------ "root" is saying it
X						is ok for "bob" to
X						write now.
X
XAt the end of the conversation, both parties must type <control-D>
Xto exit this facility.  That is the "end of file" character for XENIX
!FUNKY!STUFF!
mkdir users
cd users
echo x - TEXT
sed '1,$s/^X//' <<\!FUNKY!STUFF! > TEXT
XThe "users(L)" command is one way to find out which users
Xare logged on were.  This can be used with "write" to have
Xa conversation.
!FUNKY!STUFF!
cd ..
mkdir who
cd who
echo x - TEXT
sed '1,$s/^X//' <<\!FUNKY!STUFF! > TEXT
XThe "who(1)" command is used to find out when a person logged on.
X
XIF A PERSON HAS BEEN LOGGED ON FOR MORE THAN ONE DAY, DO NOT "write(1)"
XTO THAT PERSON!
!FUNKY!STUFF!
cd ..
cd ..
