*A. H. L. Fizeau
A._H._L._Fizeau was a French physicist. He was born in 1819 at Paris and died in 1896. He measured the speed of light in 1849. 
*Aaron
Aaron was the brother of Moses.
*Ababdeh
The Ababdeh were (are?) a nomadic African tribe inhabiting Egypt between the Nile and the Red_Sea. 
*Abandonee
An abandonee is an underwriter to whom the salvage of a wreck is abandoned.
*Abbas
Abbas was the Uncle of Mohammed. He was born in 566 and died in 652. 
*Abbasid
An Abbasid was a member of a dynasty of caliphs who ruled in Baghdad from 750 until 1258. They claimed to be descended from Abbas. 
*Abbassides
The Abbassides were an Arabian dynasty, descendents of Mahomet's uncle, Abbas-Ben-Abdul-Motalleb. Thirty-seven abbasside caliphs reigned from 750 to 1258. They settled at Baghdad.
*Abbess
An Abbess is the female superior of a community of nuns. 
*Abbot
An abbot is the superior of a community of monks.
*ABC Club
The ABC Club was a name adopted by certain republican enthusiasts in Paris, professing to relieve the depressed. Their insurrection on the 5th of June 1832 was suppressed with bloodshed the next day. The events of the insurrection are described by Victor_Hugo in ''Les_Miserables''. 
*Abdul Azziz Ibn Saud
Abdul_Azziz_Ibn_Saud was King of Saudi_Arabia. He was born in 1880 in Central Arabia and died in 1953. 
*Abecedarian
The Abecedarian were the followers of Nicholas_Storck, a 16th century German Anabaptist. They were so called because they rejected all worldly knowledge including learning the alphabet.
*Abel
In the bible, Abel was the second son of Adam. He was killed by his brother Cain. Abel was king of Denmark in 1250. He was killed in an expedition against the Frisons.
*Abel Tasman
Abel_Tasman was a Dutch explorer. He discovered Tasmania in 1642.
*Abencerrages
The Abencerrages were a Moorish tribe of Granada opposed to the Zegris. From 1480 to 1492 they constantly fought. They were exterminated by Boabdil. 
*Aborigine
An aborigine is a member of an indigenous people.
*Abraham Bloemaart
Abraham_Bloemaart was a Dutch painter. He was born in 1565 and died in 1657. 
*Abraham Cowley
Abraham_Cowley was an English poet. He was born in 1618 and died in 1667. He was one of the metaphysical school of poets who followed John_Donne in his use of far-fetched conceits. He was a royalist and secretary to the Queen and Lord Jermyn during their exile.
*Absalom
Absalom was the third and favourite son of David. He was killed leading a rebellion against his father.
*Acacians
The Acacians were followers of Acacius, bishop of Caesarea, in the 4th century, who held peculiar doctrines respecting the nature of Christ. The Acacians were partisans of Acacius, patriarch of Constantinople, promoter of the Henoticon. 
*Accadians
The Accadians were the primitive inhabitants of Babylonia described in the cuneiform inscriptions. 
*Accountant
An accountant is someone who keeps accounts. 
*Achaeans
The Achaeans were one of the four races into which the ancient Greeks were divided.
*Acrobat
An acrobat is someone who performs daring gymnastics.
*Actor
An actor is a dramatic performer. One who performs in plays. 
*Adam Sedgwick
Adam_Sedgwick was an English geologist. He was born in 1785 and died in 1873. He mapped the rocks of the lake_District in 1822.
*Adam Smith
Adam_Smith was a Scottish economist. He was born in 1723 at Kirkcaldy and died in 1790. He wrote the first scientific work on the principles of economy, ''The Wealth of Nations''.
*Adamites
The Adamites were a Gnostic sect in Africa about 130, who appeared naked in their religious assemblies, asserting that if Adma had not sinned there would have been no marriages. Their chief was named Prodicus and they defied the elements, rejected prayer and said it was not necessary to confess Christ.
*Adda
Adda was the eldest son of Ida and king of Bernicia in 560.
*Adelaide Ristori
Adelaide_Ristori was an Italian tragedy actress. She was born in 1822 and died in 1906. She wrote ''Studies and Memois''.
*Adept
An adept is someone who is proficient at some thing. 
*Admiral
Admiral is a rank in the navy. 
*Adolf Hitler
Adolf_Hitler was a German dictator. He was born in 1889 at Braunau and died in 1945 when he committed suicide. He was responsible for the Second_World_War and the murder of millions of Jews, Cripples, Homosexuals, Blacks, Gypsies and Communists throughout Europe.
*Aedh
Aedh was King of Scotland from 877 to 878. 
*Aelfric
Aelfric was a British ecclesiastical biographer. He was born in 955 and died in 1020. He wrote ''Lives of the Saints''.
*Aequi
The Aequi were an Italian race subdued by the Romans and their lands annexed between 471 and 302 BC. 
*Aerians
The Aerians were followers of Aerius, a presbyter, in the 4th century, who held that there was no distinction between a bishop and a presbyter and that prayers should not be offered for the dead.
*Aesc
Aesc was king of the Heptarchy in 488. He was a son of Hengist. In honour of Aesc the kings of Kent were sometimes called Aescings.
*Aesop
Aesop was the author of fables about animals. He lived around 620 - 560 BC.
*Affonso de Albuquerque
Affonso_de_Albuquerque was a Portuguese admiral. He was born in 1452 and died in 1515. He was viceroy of Portuguese_West_Africa in 1503. 
*Afghan
An Afghan is an inhabitant of Afghanistan. 
*African
An African is an inhabitant of Africa. 
*Aga
The Aga was the title of the leader of the Ottoman empire. 
*Ainos
The Ainos were the aboriginal inhabitants of Japan. They were a short race, averaging about 5 feet in height with black hair and typically hairy bodies. As recently as 1900 they inhabited the island of Yesso. 
*Akawaios
The Akawaios are a South_American indian tribe still found in Guyana.
*Akkas
The Akkas are a dwarfish race found in Central Africa. They average 4.5 feet in height with brown skin, large heads and a projecting jaw. They are a hunting race, renowned for their skill with a bow and arrow.
*Alani
The Alani (Alans) were a warlike Tartar tribe which migrated from Asia westwards at he time of the decline of the Roman empire. During the 5th century they merged with the Vandals. 
*Alans
#Alani 
*Alaric II
Alaric_II was King of the Visigoths from 484 until 507 when he was killed at the battle of Poictiers by the army of the Franks.
*Albert Camus
Albert_Camus was a French writer. He was born in 1913 and died in 1959.
*Albert Einstein
Albert_Einstein was a German Swiss physicist, born in 1879, and died 1955. 
*Albert I
Albert_I was King of Belgium. He was born in 1875 and died in 1934.
*Albert II
Albert_II was a Holy Roman emperor. He was born in 1397 and died in 1439. He was duke of Austria as Albert_V and also crowned king of Hungary and Bohemia. 
*Albert Michelson
Albert_Abraham_Michelson was an American scientist. He was born in 1852 and died in 1931. He proved the existence of an all pervading ether and experimented to find out the speed of light. 
*Albert Moore
Albert_Joseph_Moore was an English artist. He was born in 1841 and died in 1893. 
*Albert Schweitzer
Albert_Schweitzer was an Austrian doctor, writer, and religious thinker. He was born in 1875 and died in 1964. 
*Alboin
Alboin was King of the Lombards from 561. He died in 573 when he was assassinated at the orders of his wife Rosamond.
*Albrecht Durer
Albrecht_Durer was a German painter and engraver. He was born in 1471 at Nuremberg and died in 1528. 
*Albrecht Roon
Albrecht_Theodor Count_Von_Roon was a Prussian soldier. He was born in 1803 and died in 1879. He was German minister of war from 1859 until 1873.
*Alcaeus
Alcaeus was a son of Perseus and Andromeda.
*Alderman
The Saxon ealdorman was next to the king, and frequently a viceroy; but after the settlement of the Danes the title was gradually displaced by that of earl. Aldermen in corporations are next in dignity to the mayor.
*Aldulf
Aldulf was king of the East Angles in 664. 
*Alefrid
Alefrid was king of Northumberland in 685. 
*Alessandro Scarlatti
Alessandro_Scarlatti was an Italian composer. He was born in 1659 and died in 1725. He founded modern Italian Opera. 
*Alessandro Volta
Alessandro_Volta was an Italian scientist. He was born in 1745 and died in 1827. He invented the voltaic cell. The electrical unit the volt is named after him.
*Alexander Glazunov
Alexander_Glazunov was a Russian composer. He was born in 1865 at St. Petersburg and died in 1936. 
*Alexander Graham Bell
Alexander_Graham_Bell was a Scottish inventor. He was born in Edinburgh in 1847 and died in 1922. He invented the telephone whilst working at a school for teachers of the deaf in Boston. 
*Alexander Humboldt
Alexander_Humboldt was a German scientist and explorer. He was born in 1769 and died in 1859. He made several expeditions to South_America and Central_America.
*Alexander I
Alexander_I was King of Scotland from 1107 to 1124.
*Alexander II
Alexander_II was King of Scotland from 1214 to 1249. 
*Alexander III
Alexander_III was King of Scotland from 1249 to 1286.
*Alexander Pope
Alexander_Pope was an English poet. He was born in London in 1688, dying in 1744. He is remembered for his satire. 
*Alexander Pushkin
Alexander_Pushkin was a Russian poet. He was born at Moscow in 1799. He died in 1837 from wounds received duelling.
*Alexandra
Queen Alexandra was the daughter of Christian IX of Denmark. She was born in 1844, dying in 1925. She married Edward_VII in 1863 when he was the prince of Wales.
*Alexandre Dumas
Alexandre_Dumas was a French novelist and dramatist. He was born in 1802 and died in 1870. He wrote The Three Musketeers, The Count Of Monte Cristo and The Black Tulip. 
*Alexandre Vinet
Alexandre_Rodolphe_Vinet was a Swiss critic and theologian. He was born in 1797 and died in 1847. He advocated complete religious freedom and in 1845 founded the Swiss Free Church. 
*Alexandre Wallon
Alexandre_Henri_Wallon was a French historian and politician. He was born in 1812 and died in 1904.
*Alfred
Alfred was King of the west Saxons and King of England from 871 to 901.
*Alfred Adler
Alfred_Adler was an Austrian psychologist. He was born in 1870, dying in 1937. He put forward the theory of the inferiority complex. 
*Alfred de Musset
Alfred_de Musset was a French romantic poet. He was born in 1810 and died in 1857. 
*Alfred Deakin
Alfred_Deakin was an Australian politician. He was born in 1856 and died in 1919. He entered the Victorian Legislative Assembly in 1878 and the federal Cabinet in 1901 and became Prime_Minister of Australia in 1903, and was returned to office in 1905 to 1908 and 1909 to 1910. He was a racist, and insisted that Australia should be preserved for the white races. 
*Alfred Housman
Alfred_Edward_Housman was a British novelist. He was born in 1859 and died in 1936.
*Alfred Nobel
Alfred_Bernhard_Nobel was a Swedish engineer and the inventor of dynamite. He was born in 1833 at Stockholm and died in 1896. On his death he left money that annual prizes in physics, chemistry, medicine, literature and the cause of peace could be made (the Nobel prizes). 
*Alfred Tennyson
Alfred_Tennyson was an English poet. He was born in 1809 and died in 1892. 
*Alfred Wallace
Alfred_Russel_Wallace was an English naturalist. He was born in 1823 and died in 1913. He made important discoveries regarding the geographical distribution of animals and independantly of Darwin formulated the theory of natural selection.
*Alfwold
Alfwold was king of Northumberland in 806. 
*Algernon Swinburne
Algernon_Charles_Swinburne was an English poet. He was born in 1837 and died in 1909.
*Algonkins
The Algonkins are a family of North_American Indians, they consisted of four groups: The Eastern group comprising the Massachusetts, Narragansets, Mohicans, Delewares and others; North_Eastern group; Western group comprising the Miamis, Illinis and others; North_Western group including the Ojibbewas.
*Ali Bey
Ali_Bey was a ruler of Egypt. He was born in 1728 in the Caucasus and died in 1773. He was taken to Egypt and sold as a slave, but became virtual governor of Egypt. 
*Ali Pasha
Ali_Pasha was an Albanian chief. He was born in 1741 and died in 1822. 
*Alicia Cockburn
Alicia_Cockburn was a Scottish poet. She was born in 1713 and died in 1794.
*Alighieri Dante
Alighieri_Dante was an Italian poet. He was born in 1265 at Florence and died in 1321. 
*Allan Cunningham
Allan_Cunningham was a Scottish poet. He was born in 1785 and died in 1842. He wrote a number of songs.
*Allan Dias
Allan_Dias is bass player with Public Image Ltd
*Aloys Senefelder
Aloys_Senefelder was a German inventor.
*Alphonse Daudet
Alphonse_Daudet was a French novelist. He was born in 1840 at Nimes and died in 1897.
*Alphwuld
Alphwuld was king of the East Angles in 746. 
*Alred
Alred was king of Northumberland in 765. He was deposed. 
*Alric
Alric was a son of Wihtred and king of the Heptarchy in 760. 
*Amalekites
The Amalekites were descendants of Amalek, grandson of Esau, brother of Jacob, who attacked the Israelites in 1491 BC when perpetual war was denounced against them. They were subdued by Saul about 1079 BC, by David in 1058 BC and 1056 BC and by the Simeonites about 715 BC.
*Amati
The Amatis were a family of celebrated violin makers of Cremona in the 16th and 17th centuries.
*Amedeo Modigliani
Amedeo_Modigliani was an Italian painter. He was born in 1884 at Leghorn and died in 1920. 
*Amerigo Vespucci
Amerigo_Vespucci was an Italian explorer. He was born in 1454 and died in 1512. He discovered the Amazon River in 1499. The continent of America was named after him.
*Anacreon
Anacreon was a Greek lyric poet. He was born in 569 BC and died in 475 BC
*Anatole France
Anatole_France was a French author. He was born in 1844 and died in 1924. He won the Nobel prize for literature in 1921. 
*Anaxagoras
Anaxagoras was an Ionian philosopher. He went to Athens in 464 BC and inspired Pericles and Euripides with his love of science. He was born in 488 BC and died in 428 BC.
*Anders Celsius
Anders_Celsius was a Swedish astronomer. He was born in 1701 and died in 1744. He invented the centigrade scale for measuring temperature. 
*Anders Zorn
Anders Leonhard Zorn was a Swedish artist. He was born in 1860, dying in 1920. 
*Andre Gide
Andre Paul Guillaume Gide was a French writer. He was born in 1869 and died in 1951. 
*Andrea Amati
Andrea_Amati was the founder of the Amati violin making business. He was born in 1540 and died in 1600.
*Andrea Del Sarto
Andrea_Del_Sarto was a Florentine artist born in 1487, he died in 1531. He was a pupil of Piero di Cosimo and influenced by Leonardo_da_Vinci and Michelangelo.
*Andrea Del Verrocchio
Andrea_del_Verrocchio was an Italian sculptor, painter, silversmith and engineer. He was born in 1435 in Florence and died in 1488. He was a teacher of Leonardo_da_Vinci. 
*Andrea Mantegna
Andrea_Mantegna was an Italian painter and engraver. He was born in 1431 and died in 1506. 
*Andreas Vesalius
Andreas_Vesalius was a Belgian physician and founder of the science of anatomy. He was born in 1514 and died in 1564. He wrote ''On the Fabric of The Human Body''.
*Andrew Carnegie
Andrew_Carnegie was an American industrialist and philanthropist. He was born at Dunfermline in 1835 and died in 1919. 
*Andrew Fisher
Andrew_Fisher was an Australian politician. He was born in 1862 and died in 1928. He emigrated from Scotland and in 1893 entered the Queensland Parliament and the Commonwealth Parliament in 1900, going on to be Prime Minister three times. 
*Andrew Marvell
Andrew_Marvell was a poet. He was born in 1621, dying in 1678. 
*Aneurin Bevan
Aneurin_Bevan was a British socialist politician. He was born in 1897, dying in 1960. He devised the national health service which came into operation in 1948.
*Angelica Kauffman
Angelica_Kauffman was a Swiss painter. She was born in 1741 and died in 1807.
*Angles
The Angles were a Teutonic race which invaded Britain between the 5th and 7th centuries. 
*Aniello Falcone
Aniello_Falcone was an Italian painter of the Neapolitan school, renowned as a painter of battle scenes. He was born in 1600 and died in 1665. 
*Anna
Anna was king of the East Angles in 635. 
*Anne
Anne was Queen of England from 1702 to 1714. She was born in 1665 and died in 1714. She was a daughter of James_II.
*Anne Boleyn
Anne_Boleyn (Anne Bullen) was the second wife of Henry_VIII. She was born in 1507 and died in 1536. She was an arrogant, flirty and voluptious woman, and the King, disapointed at her bearing him a daughter, rather than a son got tired of her and had her imprisoned in the Tower_Of_London on charges of immorality and subsequently beheaded on May 19th 1536 at Tower_Green.
*Anne Bullen
#Anne_Boleyn 
*Anne Hathaway
Anne_Hathaway was reputedly the wife of Shakespeare. She was born in 1556 and died in 1623.
*Anne of Cleves
Anne_of_Cleves was the fourth wife of Henry_VIII. She was born in 1515 the daughter of William, Duke of Juliers, leader of the German Protestants, and she died in 1557. She married Henry_VIII in January 1540, however, Henry_VIII finding her unattractive and regretting the German alliance had the marriage declared null in the following July. 
*Anselm Feuerbach
Anselm_Feuerbach was a German painter. He was born in 1829 and died in 1880. He worked at Paris under a pupil of Ingres, and later in Italy. 
*Anthony Cooper
Anthony Ashley Cooper was an English philanthropist. He was born in 1801 and died in 1885. 
*Anthony Fokker
Anthony_Fokker was a Dutch airman and aeronautical engineer. He was born in 1860, dying in 1939. 
*Anthony Leeuwenhoek
Antony_Van_Leeuwenhoek was a Dutch scientist. He was born in 1632 and died in 1723. He was the first person to see and describe bacteria which he did using a self-made microscope.
*Anthony Trollope
Anthony_Trollope was an English novelist. He was born in 1815 and died in 1852. He started life as a post-office clerk in 1834. His works include Barchester Towers, published in 1857.
*Anthony Wedgwood Benn
Anthony_Wedgwood_Benn is a British labour MP. He was born in 1925. He is son of the 1st viscount of Stansgate. He was the 1st person to disclaim his title under the Peerage Act.
*Antoine Lavoisier
Antoine Laurent Lavoisier was a French scientist. He was born in 1743 at Paris and died in 1794. He proved the modern theory of combustion.
*Antoine Watteau
Antoine_Watteau was a French painter and engraver. He was born in 1684 at Valenciennes and died in 1721. 
*Anton Chekhov
Anton Pavlovich Chekhov was a Russian writer born at Taganrog in 1860. He died in 1904.
*Anton Rubinstein
Anton Grigorovich Rubinstein was a Russian composer and pianist. He was born in 1829, dying in 1894. He became a music teacher in Petrograd in 1848 where he founded the Russian Musical Society in 1861 and the Conservatoire in 1862.
*Antonin Dvorak
Antonin_Dvorak was a Czech composer. He was born in 1841 and died in 1904. 
*Antonio Allegri
#Correggio 
*Antonio Canaletto
Antonio_Canaletto was an Italian painter. He was born at Venice in 1697 and died in 1768. He painted scenes. 
*Antonio Correggio
Antonio Allegri da Correggio was an Italian painter. He was born in 1494 at Correggio. He died in 1534. He painted the ecce homo.
*Antonio Diabelli
Antonio_Diabelli was an Austrian composer. He was born in 1781 near Salzburg and died in 1858. 
*Antonio Pollaiuolo
Antonio_Pollaiuolo was an Italian goldsmith, sculptor and painter. He was born in 1429 and died in 1498. 
*Antonio Rosmini-Serbati
Antonio_Rosmini-Serbati was an Italian philosopher. He was born at Rovereto in 1797 and died in 1855. He founded the Rosminians. 
*Antonio Stradivari
Antonio_Stradivari was an Italian maker of violins. He was born at Cremona in 1644, dying in 1737. His violins are the finest ever made. 
*Apache
The apache are a tribe of Indians that live in Arizona.
*Arab
#Arabs 
*Arabs
The Arabs are a Semitic race of people who originally inhabited Saudi_Arabia and the neighbouring countries. 
*Aram Khachaturyan
Aram_Khachaturyan is a Soviet composer. He was born in 1904 at Tiflis. 
*Arawaks
The Arawaks are a South_American indian tribe still found in Guyana. 
*Arcangelo Corelli
Arcangelo_Corelli was an Italian composer. He was born in 1653, dying in 1713. 
*Archibald Alison
Archibald_Alison was a Scottish theologian and writer on aesthetics. He was born in 1757 in Edinburgh and died in 1839.
*Archibald Bower
Archibald_Bower was a Scottish writer. He was born in 1686 and died in 1766. He wrote ''A History of The Popes'' which was remarkable for its zeal against the Popery. 
*Archibald Forbes
Archibald_Forbes was a was correspondent. He was born in 1838 and died in 1900. He was present at the Franco-Prussian War of 1870, the Spanish Carlist War, the Russo-Turkish, the Afghanistan and Zululand campaigns. He published his memoirs and adventures in many books.
*Archibald Wavell
Archibald Percival Wavell was a British soldier. He was born in 1883 at Colchester and died in 1950. From 1943 until 1947 he was Viceroy of India. 
*Archimedes
Archimedes was a great ancient Greek mathematician.
*Arecunas
The Arecunas are a South_American indian tribe still found in Guyana.
*Aristotle
Aristotle was an ancient Greek philosopher.
*Armagnacs
The Armagnacs were a Frebch political party, followers of the duke of Orleans. Some 3500 members of the party were massacred at Paris in June 1418 by their opponents, the followers of the duke of Burgundy.
*Armand Richelieu
Armand Duplessis Richelieu was a French churchman and statesman. He was born in 1585 in Paris and died in 1642. In 1624 he became minister of state to Louis_XIII and dominated the weak King, ruling France himself.
*Arminius Vambery
Arminius_Vambery was a Hungarian traveller and Orientalist. He was born in 1832 and died in 1913. He travelled through Armenia and Persia between 1861 and 1864 and was the Professor of Oriental languages at the University of Budapest until 1905.
*Arnold Bennett
Arnold_Bennett was a British novelist. He was born at Hanley in Staffordshire in 1867, and died in 1931. 
*Arnold Schonberg
Arnold_Schonberg was an Austrian composer. He was born in 1874 and died in 1951. 
*Arnold Toynbee
Arnold_Toynbee was an English social reformer. He was born in 1852 and died in 1883. He is remembered for his attempts to ameliorate the conditions of the poor, especially of Whitechapel in East London where Toynbee_Hall was erected in his memory.
*Arthur
King Arthur was the son of Uther Pendragon and ruled Britain around the 5th century. 
*Arthur Miller
Arthur_Miller is an American playwright. He was born in 1915. He wrote Death of a Salesman.
*Arthur Rimbaud
Arthur_Rimbaud was a Belgian poet. He was born in 1854 in the Ardennes and died in 1891. 
*Arthur Schopenhauer
Arthur_Schopenhauer was a German philosopher. He was born in 1788 at Danzig and died in 1860.
*Arthur Walkley
Arthur_Bingham_Walkley was an English author and journalist. He was born in 1855 and died in 1926. He was dramatic critic at the Times until 1819 when he retired. 
*Arturo Toscanini
Arturo_Toscanini was an Italian musician. He was born in 1867 and died in 1957.
*Asoka
Asoka was an Indian emperor and upholder of Buddhism. He was born in 269 BC and died in 232 BC.
*Asser
Asser was a Welsh monk who lived during the 9th century and is credited with writing about the life of King Alfred.
*Athelstan
Athelstan succeeded Edward as King of England from 924 to 940. 
*Attila
Attila was King of the Huns. He was born in 406, dying in 453. 
*Aubrey Beardsley
Aubrey_Vincent_Beardsley was a black-and-white decorative artist. He was born in 1872 and died in 1898.
*August Strindberg
August_Strindberg was a Swedish writer. He was born in 1849 and died in 1912.
*Auguste Piccard
Auguste_Piccard was a Belgian scientist. He was born in 1884 at Lutry and died in 1962.
*Auguste Rodin
Auguste_Rodin was a French impressionist sculptor. He was born in 1840 and died in 1917. 
*Augustus Pugin
Augustus Welby Pugin was an English architect. He was born in 1812 in London and died in 1852. 
*Aurangzeb
Aurangzeb was a Mogul emperor of India. He was born in 1618 and died in 1707.
*Aztec
The Aztecs were an American Indian tribe inhabiting Mexico.
*Baber
Baber was the founder of the Mogul dynasty which ruled northern India for 300 years. He was born in 1483, dying in 1530. 
*Babi
The Babi are a Persian religious sect formed in 1843 by Bab Ed Din.
*Baden-Powell
Baden-Powell was a British soldier. He was born in 1857. He died in 1941. He was the founder of the scouting movement. 
*Baggara
The Baggara are a Muslim Bedouin people of the Nile Basin. 
*Baker
A baker is a person who manufacturers bread. 
*Baldred
Baldred was king of the Heptarchy in 805. He was killed by Egbert, king of Wessex in 823 who took over the kingdom of Heptarchy. 
*Banneret
A banneret is a dignity between baron and knight, which was anciently conferred by the king under the royal standard on the field of battle. 
*Banshee
A banshee is a fairy who forewarns of death by wailing.
*Bantu
The Bantu are a wide-spread race in south Africa, which includes the Zulu, Matabele, Damaras and Mashonas. They were nicknamed Kaffirs (unbelievers) by Islamic traders to south Africa. 
*Barber
A barber is someone who shaves and cuts the hair of a client for business. In England, a barber was formerly also a surgeon, and they were called Barber-Surgeons. A London company of barbers was formed in 1308. The union of barbers and surgeons was dissolved in 1540 by an act of Henry_VIII fwhich stated that; ''No person using any shaving or barbery in fLondon shall occupy any surgery, letting of blood, or other matter, except fonly drawing of teeth.'' 
*Bard
A bard was a Celtic poet.
*Barnabites
The Barnabites were an order of monks established in Milan about 1530 who were much engaged in instructing youth, relieving the sick and aged, and converting heretics.
*Baron
Baron is the lowest rank in English peerage, although it was once the only rank. Its original name was Vavasour which the Saxons changed to Thane and the Normans to Baron.
*Baron Munchhausen
Baron_Munchhausen was a German soldier. He was born in 1720 and died in 1797. He is remembered for telling exaggerated tales about his adventures during the campaigns he served in. He is the feature of a book, The adventures of Baron Munchhausen written by Rudolph Raspe in 1785.  
*Baroness Orczy
Baroness Emmusca Orczy was a Hungarian born novelist. She was born in 1865 and died in 1947. She is remembered for writing The Scarlet Pimpernel, which she wrote in 1905. 
*Baronet
Baronet is the first in rank among the gentry, and the only knighthood that is hereditary. They were instituted by James_I in 1611 as a result of the revellion in Ulster, it being required of a baronet on his creation, to pay into the exchequer as much as would maintain ''thirty soldiers three years at eightpence a day in the province of Ulster in Ireland.'' It was also required that a baronet should be a gentleman born, and have a clear estate of 1000 pounds per annum. 
*Barry Pain
Barry_Pain was an English journalist and humours author. He was born in 1867 and died in 1928. He became editor of ''To-day'' in 1897. Thomas_Pain was an English author and agitator. He was born in 1737 and died in 1809. He published ''Common Sense'' in 1776 which advocated American Independence.
*Bartolome Murillo
Bartolome Esteban Murillo was a Spanish painter. He was born in 1617 at Seville and died in 1682.
*Bastarnae
The Bastarnae were a warlike tribe in Podolia and Moldavia. They were hired by Perseus, king of Macedon, in his wars with Rome, 168 BC.
*Batak
The Batak are a number of distinct but related peoples of northern Sumatra in Indonesia. 
*Beaker People
The Beaker People were people of Iberian origin who spread out over Europe in the 2nd millennium BC. They are believed to have built Stonehenge in England. They are called the Beaker People because their remains include earthenware beakers. 
*Beethoven
Beethoven was a German composer. 
*Bela Bartok
Bela_Bartok was a Hungarian composer. He was born in 1881, dying in 1945.
*Bellman
#Bellmen 
*Bellmen
Bellmen were appointed in London to proclaim the hour of the night before public clocks became general, and were numerous around 1556. They were to ring a bell at night and cry, ''Take care of your fire and candle, be charitable to the poor, and pray for the dead.'' 
*Bemba
The Bemba are an African people of northern Zambia.
*Ben Jonson
Ben_Jonson was a British poet and dramatist. He was born in 1573 and died in 1637. He wrote ''Song to Celia''. 
*Benito Mussolini
Benito_Mussolini was an Italian dictator. He was born in 1883 at Predappio and died in 1945 when he was executed by Italian Partisans. He founded the fascist movement in 1919 and sided with Hitler during the Second_World_War.
*Benjamin Disraeli
Benjamin_Disraeli was a British statesman and writer. He was born in 1804, dying in 1881.
*Benjamin Franklin
Benjamin_Franklin was an American statesman and scientist. He was born in 1706 at Boston and died in 1790. 
*Benjamin Jonson
Benjamin_Jonson was a rival poet and dramatist to Shakespeare. He was born in 1572 and died in 1637. 
*Benjamin Rumford
Benjamin Thompson Rumford was an Anglo-American scientist. He was born in 1753 in Massachusetts and died in 1814.
*Benjamin Waugh
Benjamin_Waugh was an English social reformer. He was born at Settle in Yorkshire in 1839 and died in 1908. He founded the London Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children. 
*Benvenuto Cellini
Benvenuto_Cellini was a Florentine goldsmith and sculptor. He was born in 1500 and died in 1571. 
*Beorna
Beorna was king of the East Angles in 749, reigning jointy with Ethelred and then solely in 758. 
*Beornred
Beornred was king of Mercia in 755. He was slain.
*Beornwulf
Beornwulf was king of Mercia in 821. He was killed by his own subjects.
*Berber
The Berbers are a race of people in north Africa.
*Bernard Palissy
Bernard_Palissy was a French potter and glass painter. He discovered how to manufacture enamel. He was born in 1510 and died in 1589.
*Bernard Vaughan
Bernard_Vaughan was a Roman Catholic clergyman. He was born in 1847 and died in 1922. He was for eighteen years a distinguished worker in the religious and civic life of Manchester before transferring to London in 1901 where he continued his work.
*Berthulf
Berthulf was king of Mercia in 838.
*Bertrand Russel
Bertrand Arthur William_Russel was a British philosopher and mathematician. He was born in 1872 in Trelleck and died in 1970.
*Bertric
Bertric was king of the West Saxons in 784. he died after being posioned by a cup his queen had prepared for another.
*Betty Perske
#Lauren_Bacall 
*Bizet
Bizet was a French composer born in Paris in 1838. He died in 1875.
*Black Baron
Black_Baron was the alias of one Christopher Pile, an English man, who in the mid-1990's wrote a series of computer viruses employing an advanced polymorphic technique he called ''SMEG''. In all three variants of SMEG were developed and distributed; Pathogen, Queeg and Smeg 3.
*Blackfeet
The Blackfeet are a north American Indian tribe. 
*Blaise Pascal
Blaise_Pascal was a French mathematician.
*Blondel
Blondel was a French minstrel and poet of the 12th century. He is a legendary character, tales about him being recorded in ''Chronicles of Rheims''. One story tells how his master was taken prisoner, and Blondel trying to find him walked all Palestine and Germany singing his master's favourite song until at last the song was taken up and answered by the imprisoned master. 
*Bloody Mary
#Mary_I
*Blue-stocking
A Blue-stocking was a literary lady. The term was applied around the time of Dr Johnson when ladies would hold conversation with distinguished literary men. One of the men, Benjamin Stillingfleet, always wore blue stockings and his conversation was so prized at the meetings that in his absence the ladies would remark, ''we can do nothing without the blue-stockings'', and hence the meetings became known as blue-stocking clubs, and the ladies who attended them as blue-stockings.
*Boers
The Boers were early Dutch colonists in South_Africa.
*Bogos
The Bogos are a Hamitic people of Northern Syria.
*Boiars
The Boiars were an order of the Russian aristocracy next in rank to the ruling Princes. The order was abolished by Peter the Great.
*Boii
The Boii were a Celtic people of northern Italy who were subdued by Scipio_Nasica in 191 BC. 
*Bonzes
Bonzes was the name used by Europeans for Buddhist priests around 1900.  
*Booker Washington
Booker_Taliaferro_Washington was an American Negro Educationist. He was born in 1858 and died in 1915. The son of a mulatto slave woman and a white man he became the principal of a school in Tuskegee, Alabama and acquired a reputation as an eloquent speaker. In 1892 he founded the Tuskegee Conference and organised the National Negro Business League in 1900. He wrote several books including an autobiography. 
*Bram Stoker
Bram_Stoker was an Irish author. He was born in 1847, dying in 1912. He wrote the novel Dracula. 
*Bretwalda
A Bretwalda was one of the kings of the Saxon heptarchy, chosen by the others as a leader in a war against their common enemies. 
*Briton Riviere
Briton_Riviere was a British painter of animals. He was born in 1840 and died in 1920. 
*Bromius
Bromius was another name for Dionysus. 
*Bruce Lee
Bruce_Lee was the stage name of Lee Yuen Kam, a Chinese actor and expert in Kung Fu who popularised the martial arts in the west.
*Bruce Smith
Bruce_Smith is drum player with the rock group Public Image Ltd. 
*Buffalo Bill
#William_Cody
*Buonarroti Michelangelo
Buonarroti_Michelangelo was an Italian painter. He was born in 1475 at Caprese and died in 1564. He painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. 
*Burhred
Burhred was king of Mercia in 852. 
*Bushman
The Bushman are an aboriginal people living in south Africa. 
*Bushranger
Bushrangers were Australian highwaymen, formerly escaped convicts. 
*Caedwallo
Caedwallo was king of the West Saxons in 685. He went to Rome to expiate his deeds of blood and died there.
*Caewlin
Caewlin was a son of Cynric and king of the West_Saxons in 560. He died in 593.
*Caligula
Caligula was a Roman Emperor, alleged to be mad he was assassinated by a guard.
*Caliph
Caliph is the title of the civic and religious leader of Islam.
*Calvin Coolidge
Calvin_Coolidge was the 30th President of the USA. He was born in 1872 and died in 1933. As President, Coolidge opposed tariff revision and abstention from the League_of_Nations. He retired in 1929. 
*Canute
King Canute was a Viking King who ruled England from 1016 to 1035. He is buried at Winchester. 
*Canute II
#Hardicanute 
*Canute III
Canute_III was a son of Hardicanute, the king of England, and king of Denmark in 1035. 
*Canute IV
Canute_IV was king of Denmark in 1080. 
*Canute the Pious
#Canute_VI 
*Canute V
Canute_V was king of Denmark in 1147, until a civil war in 1157. 
*Canute VI
Canute_VI (Canute_the_Pious) was king of Denmark in 1182.
*Capetians
The Capetians were the third race of the kings of France, named from Hugo_Capet, count of Paris and Orleans, who seized the throne on the death of Louis_V, called the indolent, in 987. 
*Captain
Captain is a rank in the armed services. 
*Captain Alfred Dreyfus
Captain Alfred_Dreyfus was a French officer falsely accused of espionage. He was born in 1859 and died in 1935.
*Captain James Cook
Captain James_Cook was an English sailor and explorer. In 1768 he sailed around the world. He discovered Easter island in 1772.
*Cardinal Ercole Consalvi
Cardinal_Ercole_Consalvi was an Italian Cardinal who conducted many negotiations between the Papacy and Revolutionary France. He was born in 1757 and died in 1824. He negotiated the Concordat with Napoleon in 1801. He was later dismissed and exiled under pressure from Napoleon, but resumed his position after the Battle_of_Waterloo.
*Carel Fabritius
Carel_Fabritius was a Dutch painter. He was born in 1614 and died in 1654 when he was killed in an explosion at Delft. He was a pupil of Rembrandt.
*Carib
The Caribs are a South_American indian tribe still found in Guyana.
*Carl Gustav Jung
Carl_Gustav_Jung was a Swiss scientist. He was born at Basle in 1875. He died in 1961. He is famous for developing a school of analytical psychology.
*Carl Rosa
Carl_August_Nicholas_Rosa was an operatic impresario. He was born in Hamburg in 1843 and died in 1889. 
*Carl Sandburg
Carl_Sandburg was an American poet. He was born in 1878 at Galesburg and died in 1969. 
*Carl Scheele
Carl Wilhelm Scheele was a Swedish chemist. He was born in 1742, dying in 1786. He discovered oxygen as did Priestly.  
*Carl Weber
Carl Maria Friedrich Ernst von Weber was a German composer. He was born in 1786 near Lubeck and died in 1826.
*Carlo Goldoni
Carlo_Goldoni was an Italian dramatist. He was born in 1707 at Venice and died in 1793 at Paris. 
*Carloman II
Carloman_II was joint ruler of France together with Louis_III in 879.
*Carmen Sylva
Carmen_Sylva was the pen name of Queen Elizabeth of Romania. 
*Carthusians
The Carthusians were a religious order instituted by Saint_Bruno in 1084.
*Cassivellaunus
Cassivellaunus was a British King who offered a valiant defence to Julius Caesar during his second invasion of 54 BC. However, he was forced to capitulate and promised to pay tribute to Caesar.  
*Catherine of Aragon
Catherine_of_Aragon was the first wife of Henry_VIII. She was born in 1485 and died in 1536. She married Arthur, Prince of Wales when she was 16, and following his death she married his brother, Henry_VIII whom she bore six children, of which only Mary_I survived. 
*Cecil Day Lewis
Cecil Day_Lewis was an English poet and critic. He was born in 1904, dying in 1972. He was professor of poetry at oxford university. He became the poet laureate in 1968.
*Cecil Rhodes
Cecil John_Rhodes was a South_African statesman. He was born in 1853 at Bishop's Stortford and died in 1902. 
*Celts
The Celts were tribes which came to Britain from central Europe in the late Bronze age and again in the Iron Age.
*Cenred
Cenred was king of Mercia in 704 until he became a monk at Rome. 
*Cenric
Cenric was king of Northumberland in 716.
*Centurion
A centurion was an officer in the Roman army commanding 100 men. 
*Centwine
Centwine was king of the West Saxons in 676. He ruled jointly with Escwine when Escwine was on his death bed.
*Cenulph
Cenulph was king of Mercia in 794. 
*Cenwal
Cenwal was king of the West Saxons in 643. 
*Ceolred
Ceolred was king of Mercia in 709. 
*Ceolric
Ceolric was a nephew of Caewlin and king of the West Saxons in 591.
*Ceolwulf
Ceolwulf was king of the West Saxons in 597.
Ceolwulf was king of Northumberland in 729. He died a monk.
Ceolwulf was king of Mercia in 819. 
*Ceolwulph
Ceolwulph was king of Mercia in 874 until he was deposed by the Danes in 877 and the kingdom then merged into the rest of Britain. 
*Ceorl
Ceorl was king of Mercia in 615. 
*Cerdic
Cerdic was king of the West_Saxons in 519. 
*Cesar Franck
Cesar Auguste Franck was a French composer. He was born in 1822 at Liege and died in 1890. He wrote one symphony and organ music.
*Chancellor
The Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer is a cabinet minister who looks after the nation's money. It is the oldest office in the British Government, dating back to the days of Henry_I when the Chancellor sat at a table covered with a chequered cloth and received taxes collected by the sheriffs.
*Charlemagne
Charlemagne (Charles the Great) was king of France. He was born in 742 and died in 814. He extended the French empire into Italy.
*Charles Babbage
Charles_Babbage was a British mathematician. He designed an analytical engine which was the forerunner of the modern computer. He was born in 1801 and died in 1871. 
*Charles Best
Charles Herbert Best was a Canadian physiologist. He was born in 1899, dying in 1978. With Banting he discovered the use of insulin in treating diabetes.
*Charles Conder
Charles_Conder was an English painter best known for his designs for fans. He was born in 1868 and died in 1909. 
*Charles Cornwallis
Charles_Cornwallis was the first marquess of Cornwallis. He was born in 1738, dying in 1805. He commanded the British forces which surrendered to the Americans at Yorktown in 1781 and ended the American war of independence.
*Charles Coulomb
Charles_Coulomb was a French physicist. He was born in 1736 and died in 1806. He studied the distribution of electrical charges. The unit of electrical charge, the coulomb, is named after him. 
*Charles Darwin
Charles_Robert_Darwin was an English naturalist. He was born in Shrewsbury in 1809, dying in 1882. He published his theory of evolution in a book entitled the origin of species in 1859.
*Charles De Gaulle
Charles_De_Gaulle was a French soldier and statesman. He was born in 1890 and died in 1969. During the Second_World_War he was leader of the Free French Forces. In 1944 he led the liberation forces that entered Paris, and defeating the Communists who had stayed in France and fought the Nazis, became head of the provisional government. 
*Charles de Secondat Montesquieu
Charles_de_Secondat_Montesquieu was a French philosopher. He was born in 1689 and died in 1755.
*Charles Dickens
Charles_Dickens was a 19th century English novelist whose powerful imagery brought to public attention the terrible conditions endured by the poor.
*Charles Doughty
Charles Montagu Doughty was an English writer and explorer. He was born in 1843 and died in 1926. His most important travels were to Arabia, venturing from Damascus to Jeddah with Bedouins and pilgrims. 
*Charles Fourier
Charles_Fourier was a French socialist writer. He was born in 1772, dying in 1837. 
*Charles Gounod
Charles Francois Gounod was a French composer. He was born in 1818 at Paris and died in 1893.
*Charles I
Charles_I was King of England from 1625 to 1649. He was born in 1600 and died in 1649. 
*Charles II
Charles_II was King of England from 1660 to 1685.
*Charles Jeanneret
#Le_Corbusie 
*Charles Kingsley
Charles_Kingsley was an English writer. He was born in 1819 at Holme and died in 1875. He wrote Westward Ho! and The Water Babies. 
*Charles Lamb
Charles_Lamb was an English poet. He was born in 1775 at London and died in 1834. He wrote essays under the name of Elia.
*Charles Leconte de Lisle
Charles Marie Rene Leconte de Lisle was a French poet. He was born in 1818 and died in 1894. 
*Charles Parnell
Charles Stewart Parnell was an Irish nationalist politician. He was born in 1846 at Avondale and died in 1891. 
*Charles Reade
Charles_Reade was a British novelist and dramatist. He was born in 1814 at Ipsden and died in 1884. He wrote The Cloister and the Hearth.
*Charles Saint-Beuve
Charles Augustin Saint-Beuve was a French critic and guide to the Romantic movement. He was born in 1804 at Boulogne and died in 1869. He started a new school of criticism based upon the study of history and of all sources of information bearing on his subject.
*Charles the Great
#Charlemagne 
*Charles Voysey
Charles_Voysey was the founder of the Theistic_Church. He was born in 1828 at London and died in 1912. He was ordained a clergyman of the Church_of_England, and deprived in 1871 as a consequence of certain publications which were judged to be heterodox.
*Charles X
Charles_X was king of France. He was born in 1757 and died in 1836. He was deposed in 1830 and resided in Britain until 1832 when he moved to Hungary. 
*Charlotte Corday
Charlotte_Corday was a French revolutionary and the assassin of Marat. She was born in 1768 and died in 1793 when she was guillotined for the murder of Marat who she stabbed in his bath in July 1793, believing him to be a tyrant.  
*Cherokee
The Cherokee are a north American Indian tribe.
*Chiang Kai-Shek
Chiang_Kai-Shek was a Chinese political and military leader. He served with Sun_Yat-Sen during the 1911 revolution and later became leader of the nationalist government. He opposed the communists and fled to Taiwan in 1950.
*Childeric
Childeric was king of France in 458. 
*Chippewa
Chippewa is another name for the Ojibway Indian tribe of North_America.
*Chris Stein
Chris_Stein was lead guitarist with the 70's punk rock band Blondie. 
*Christiaan Huygens
Christiaan_Huygens was a Dutch scientist. He was born in 1629 and died in 1695. He invented the pendulum clock.
*Christian I
Christian_I was king of Denmark in 1448, and elected king of Sweden in 1457. 
*Christian II
Christian_II was a son of John and king of Denmark in 1513. He caused all the Swedish nobility to be massacred and was dethroned in 1523 for his tyranny. He died in a dungeon in 1559.
*Christian III
Christian_III was king of denmark and Norway in 1533.
*Christian IV
Christian_IV was king of Denmark and Norway in 1588. 
*Christian IX
Christian_IX was king of Denmark in 1863.
*Christian the Cruel
#Christian_II
*Christian V
Christian_V was king of Denmark and Norway in 1670.
*Christian VI
Christian_VI was king of Denmark and Norway in 1730. 
*Christian VII
Christian_VII was king of Denmark and Norway in 1766.
*Christian VIII
Christian_VIII was king of Denmark in 1839.
*Christoph Von Gluck
Christoph Willibald Von Gluck was a German composer of operas. He was born in 1714 at Bavaria and died in 1787.
*Christopher Columbus
Christopher_Columbus was an Italian navigator. He was born in 1451 at Genoa and died in 1506. Inspired by the adventures of Marco Polo, Columbus sought a westerly route to the East. He discovered Cuba, the West_Indies and the South_American mainland. 
*Christopher Fry
Christopher_Fry is an English dramatist. He was born in 1907.
*Christopher I
Christopher_I was king of Denmark in 1252. He was poisoned.
*Christopher II
Christopher_II was king of Denmark in 1320.
*Christopher III
Christopher_III was king of Denmark and Sweden in 1440.
*Christopher Isherwood
Christopher_Isherwood is an Anglo-American novelist and playwright. He was born in 1904. 
*Christopher Marlowe
Christopher_Marlowe was an English dramatist. He was born in 1564 at Canterbury and died in 1593. He wrote ''Doctor Faustus''; ''The Jew of Malta''; ''Tamburlaine''.
*Cimabue
Cimabue was an Italian painter. He was born in 1240 and died in 1302.
*Cimbri
The Cimbri were a Teutonic race who first emerged in 113 BC when they defeated the Romans in Carinthia. They migrated to Gaul where they defeated the Roman consul in 109 BC and again in 105 BC at Orange. They invaded Spain and then with the assistance of other Teutonic tribes overran Gaul and attempted to invade Italy. They were defeated by the Romans at Aquae Sextiae in 102 BC and at Vercellae in 101 BC. 
*Cincinnatus
Cincinnatus was a Roman dictator. He was born in 520 BC and died in 440 BC. He held power on two occasions. Once for 14 days and then again for 12 days. During his periods in power he freed Rome from her enemies, and then returned to his farm refusing all rewards. 
*Cino da Pistoia
Cino_da_Pistoia was an Italian poet and jurist. He was born in 1270 and died in 1336.
*Ciro Ale'Gria
Ciro_Ale'Gria was a Peruvian novelist. He was born in 1900 and died in 1967. He was imprisoned and fled to Chile where he lived in exile.
*Clan-na-Gael
Clan-na-Gael was an Irish-American secret society based in Chicago which played a prominent part in the home rule agitation of the 1880s.
*Claude Debussy
Claude Achille Debussy was a French composer. He was born in 1862, dying in 1918. He was leader of the French impressionist school in music. 
*Claude Gelee
#Claude_Lorraine 
*Claude Lorraine
Claude_Lorraine was a French landscape painter. He was born in 1600 at Lorraine and died in 1682. His real name was Claude Gelee. He lived most of his life in Rome. 
*Claude Monet
Claude_Monet was a French impressionist painter. He was born in 1840 and died in 1926. 
*Claudio Monteverdi
Claudio_Monteverdi was an Italian composer. He was born in 1567 at Cremona and died in 1643. He wrote a lot of church music. 
*Claudius Galen
Claudius_Galen was an ancient medical writer. He was one of the founders of anatomy and the founder of vivisection.
*Claudius I
Claudius_I was born in 10 BC at Lyons and died in 54. He became emperor following the assassination of Caligula. He was murdered by his wife Agrippina so that her son, Nero could be emperor. 
*Clearchus
Clearchus was a Spartan general in the 5th century BC. His tyrannical rule of Byzantium resulted in his overthrow. He joined Cyrus' Persian army and assisted him against his brother. When Cyrus was killed at the battle of Cunaxa in 401 BC, Clearchus assumed command but was captured and killed by Artaxerxes. 
*Clement Burke
Clement_Burke was premier drummer with the 70's punk band Blondie. He also provided backing vocals for many tracks.
*Cleopatra
Cleopatra was a name of Egyptian queens. Cleopatra VI was the last Queen of Egypt. She was born in 69 BC of Macedonian descent and became joint ruler with her brother, Ptolemy_XIV in 52 BC. Exiled by her brother she retired to Syria and secured the aid of Julius_Caesar. Ptolemy_XIV was killed and Cleopatra was made Queen whereupon she returned to Rome with Caesar as his mistress. On Caesar's death in 44 BC Cleopatra returned to Egypt and declared Caesarion, her son by Caesar, joint ruler. Mark_Anthony now became her lover and put Caesarion to death. Cleopatra killed herself with the bite of an asp after failing to win favour with the new Roman Emperor Octavius and fearing capture.
*Clerk of the Peace
A Clerk of the Peace is a county lawyer who gives advice to the Justices of the Peace and keeps records of his county. 
*Clodion the Hairy
Clodion the Hairy was king of the Salic Franks in 428. 
*Clovis
Clovis was King of the Franks. He was born in 465 and died in 511. He defeated the Gallo-Romans near Soissons and the Alemanni near Cologne in 496.
*Clovis the Great
Clovis the Great was king of France in 481, and the founder of the French monarchy.
*Cockney
Cockney is a term which was originally applied to the inhabitants of any town, and implied their ignorance of farming and agriculture. During the 17th century its use became limited to the inhabitants of London, and more recently to those born within the sound of the bells of St. Mary-le-Bow (Bow bells) in London. The cockney dialect is chiefly characterised by the substitution of f or v for th (eg brover for brother), of ah for ou (eg rahnd for round) and ou for o (nou for no) and also a tendency to nasalise many vowels. Other peculiarities are substituting a long i for a long a (eg lidy for lady) and oi for i (foin for fine) and the dropping or misplacement of the letter h ('e for he). 
*Cognate
In Roman law, a cognate was a person related through male or female antecedents. In English and Scottish law, persons related on the mother's side only. 
*Cola di Rienzi
Cola_di_Rienzi was an Italian patriot. He was born in Rome in 1313. He led a popular uprising in 1347, reigned for seven months and then had to flee. He was eventually murdered in 1354.
*Colin
Colin was King of Scotland from 967 to 971.
*Colonel
In the British Army, a Colonel is the commanding officer of a regiment, or an officer of similar rank on the general staff.
*Commissar
A Commissar is an administrative official in Russia. There are various ranks, the highest being in charge of a State department and corresponding to a British cabinet minister. 
*Common Serjeant
The Common Serjeant is an officer of the City of London who aids the Recorder at the Central Criminal Court, acts as judge at the Mayor's Court and legal adviser and counsel to the City Corporation, and performs certain functions at the election of city officers. The post is a Crown nomination and ranks next to that of the Recorder. 
*Compere
A compere is a host or master of ceremonies at a stage revue or television programme.
*Conductor
In music, a conductor is a musician who directs the performance of a piece of music. 
*Conelius Tacitus
Conelius_Tacitus was a Roman historian. He was born in 55 and died in 120. 
*Confucius
Confucius (K'ung Fu-tzu) was an ancient Chinese philosopher. He was born around 551 BC and died around 479 BC. 
*Conon
Conon was an Athenian general. He commanded the fleet of 413 BC which was intended to prevent the Corinthians from relieving Syracuse during their war with Athens.  
*Conquistadores
Conquistadores was the name given to the Spanish conquerors of South_America, and in particular to their more important leaders. 
*Conrad I
Conrad_I was King of Germany in 911. He was killed in 918 while fighting the Hungarians. 
*Conrad II
Conrad_II was King of Germany from 1024 until 1039. He tried to reform the country, repressing some of the more unpleasant aspects of the feudal system. 
*Conrad III
Conrad_III was King of Germany from 1138 to 1152. He adopted the double headed eagle symbol which is still in use in Austria today.
*Conrad IV
Conrad_IV was a German King. He was born in 1228 and died in 1254. He was King of the Romans in 1237 and Emperor in 1250. He opposed the Pope and opened war on the Archbishop of Mainz. After a campaign of dubious success he marched into Italy, where he died. 
*Consort
Consort is the term applied to the spouse of a reigning sovereign. 
*Constans I
Constans_I was ruler of Italy, Africa and West Illyricum. He was born in 320 BC, the son of Constantine the Great (Constantine_I), and died in 350.
*Constans II
Constans_II was a Roman Emperor or the East. He was born in 630 and died in 668. His reign was disturbed by frequent and disastrous Arab and Lombard invasions, by which Africa and large parts of Italy and Greece were lost. 
*Constantine I
Constantine_I was King of Scotland from 863 to 877. Constantine_The_Great was a Roman emperor. He was born in 274, dying in 337. He was converted to Christianity and made it the state religion.
*Constantine II
Constantine_II was King of Scotland from 900 to 943. 
*Constantine III
Constantine_III was King of Scotland from 995 to 997.
*Constantius
Constantius was a Roman Emperor. He was born in 250 and died in 306. He was successful as a military ruler of Dalmatia, and was appointed Caesar by the Emperor Maximian in 293. He died at York during a campaign against the Picts.
*Consul
A consul is an official who looks after the trading interests of his country in foreign towns. 
*Contras
The contras are a right wing Nicaraguan guerrilla force. 
*Cooper
A Cooper is a person whose trade is cooperage (making barrels etc.). 
*Cornelia
Cornelia was the daughter of Publius_Scipio_Africanus, and the wife of Sempronius_Gracchus whom she married in 169 BC. She was renowned for her pride in her sons who were reformers.
*Cornelius Nepos
Cornelius_Nepos was a Roman historian. He was probably the author of Vitae excellentium imperatorum, and of the lives of Atticus and Cato. 
*Cornelius Vanderbilt
Cornelius_Vanderbilt was an American capitalist. He was born in 1794 and died in 1877. The son of a small farmer he began in business at the age of sixteen by ferrying passengers and goods between New_York and Staten Island. He later became a successful boatbuilder and steamship owner and in 1863 engaged in railway ventures, in 1867 becomming President of the New_York Central Railway.
*Cornwell
#John_Le_Carre 
*Coroner
A Coroner is a person who is appointed to enquire into the death of somebody who has died, or is thought to have died from unnatural causes. 
*Correggio
Correggio was the name taken by Antonio_Allegri from his birthplace near Modena. He was an Italian painter and was born in 1494 and died in 1534. His most important productions were the frescoes that he painted on the dome of the church of San Giovanni in Parma between 1521 and 1524. 
*Corsair
The Corsairs were mediaeval pirates, whose particular base was the north coast of Africa, from which they plundered all Christian ships, especially the Spanish treasure ships from America. 
*Corybantes
The Corybantes were the Greek priests of Cybele. They celebrated her festival with wild orgies, beating upon drums and cymbals.
*Cossack
Originally the name Cossack was applied to any armed adventurer, later the name was applied to a certain section of the Russian people of mixed Tartar, Polish and Russian origin. In the Middle Ages they formed a separate community and were employed because of their military prowess by the Polish and Russian kings.
*Count Maeterlinck
Count Maurice Maeterlinck was a Belgian writer and dramatist. He was born in 1862 at Ghent and died in 1949. 
*Covenanter
A Covenanter was a supporter of the Solemn League and Covenant, an anti-Catholic movement signed by Scottish Presbyterians and English Puritans. 
*Coventry Patmore
Coventry Kersey Dighton Patmore was an English poet. He was born in 1823 and died in 1896. 
*Creole
Creole describes persons not of an aboriginal race born in the West_Indies, parts of America, South_America and other Spanish or French colonies. Creole does not imply mixed blood, but rather any person born in a place where his race is not indigenous. 
*Cretin
A cretin is someone who suffers from the disease cretinism.
*Crida
Crida was king of Mercia in 586. 
*Crimp
A crimp was an agent for supplying seamen by decoy or other illegal means to merchant ships. Often a crimp would be a lodging-house keeper in a seaport. 
*Croesus
Croesus was the last King of Lydia. He reigned from 560 BC until 546 BC, conquered Ionia and became an ally of Sparta. Croesus joined with Nabonidus of Babylon to oppose Cyrus of Persia, but was overthrown by him at Sardis.
*Crofter
A crofter is a peasant farmer of the Highlands of Scotland. They share certain rights of common pasture while owning arable land individually. Their rights cam be traced back to an early clan system.
*Crypto-Jews
Crypto-Jews (Marranos) were Jews who outwardly accepted Christianity in the face of the Spanish Inquisition while remaining Jews at heart and observing in secret all the ritual of Judaism. 
*Culdees
The Culdees were a Celtic religious order known to have lived in Ireland, Scotland and Wales between the 9th and 14th centuries, but little else is known of them. 
*Curate
A curate was originally a clergyman in charge of a parish. (The term Curate means cure of souls). In England the title is given to a clergyman who assists the incumbent of a parish.
*Custos Rotulorum
The Custos Rotulorum is the keeper of the records of an English county and is usually a person of rank, they are appointed by the Crown. 
*Cuthred
Cuthred was a brother of Ethelard and king of the West Saxons in 740.
Cuthred was king of the Heptarchy in 796.
*Cwichelm
Cwichelm was joint king of the West Saxons in 614. 
*Cymri
The Cymri were the great Celtic family of people to which the Britons belonged and which came from Asia and occupied a large part of Europe about 1500 BC. 
*Cynegils
Cynegils was king of the West Saxons in 611 and joint king of the West Saxons, reigning jointly with his son Cwihelm in 614. 
*Cynewulf
Cynewulf was a British poet. He lived during the 8th century and wrote ''Christ'' and ''Juliana''. Cynewulf was king of the west Saxons in 755. A noble youth of the line of Cerdic he was murdered. 
*Cynric
Cynric (Kenric) was the son of Cerdic and king of the West_Saxons in 534.
*Cyrus
Cyrus was a Persian emperor. He was born in 559 BC, dying in 529 BC. 
*Cyrus the Great
Cyrus_the_Great was the founder of the Persian Empire. Head of a Persian tribe he overthrew the Median Empire and became King of the Persians around 555 BC. He was a wise and tolerant ruler who released the Jews from Babylon and allowed them to rebuild Jerusalem.
*Czechs
The Czechs are the most westerly branch of the Slavic peoples. About 480 they migrated to Bohemia and Moravia. 
*Daci
#Getae 
*Dacoit
The Dacoits were Burmese guerrillas who fled to the hills and jungle after the overthrow of Burma in 1886, and waged a desultory campaign against the British for several years. 
*Daimios
The Daimios were a class of feudal Lords in Japan. In 1871 they were deprived of their privileges and jurisdiction and made official governors for the state in districts they had previously held as feudal rulers. 
*Dakait
Dakait is a Hindustani word for a robber.
*Dame Ellen Terry
Dame_Ellen_Terry was a British actress. She was born in 1848 and died in 1928. She first appeared in London at the age of 8 in 'A_Winter's_Tale'.
*Damocles
Damocles was a sycophant of the court of Dionysius. He continually flattered the monarch, calling him the happiest man in the world. In order to show him the cares of a sovereign, Dionysius caused him to sit upon a throne at a feast of unparalleled splendour. Damocles gazed in delight on the scene until, looking up he saw a sword hanging point-downwards directly over his head, suspended by only a hair. This symbol convinced him of the dangers of kingship.
*Danebrog
Danebrog were an order of Danish knights instituted in 1219, and revived in 1693.
*Daniel Defoe
Daniel_Defoe was an English political writer. He was born in 1660, dying in 1731. He is perhaps most famous for writing the novel Robinson Crusoe. He was imprisoned for writing the work the shortest way with dissenters.
*Daniel Webster
Daniel_Webster was an American politician and lawyer. He was born in 1782 and died in 1852.
*Dankali
#Dankalil
*Dankalil
The Dankalil (singular Dankali) are (were?) a number of tribes that inhabited East Africa near the Red_Sea. They were generally fishermen or cattle rearers and practised Islam. 
*Dante Rossetti
Dante_Gabriel_Rossetti was an English painter and poet. He was born at London in 1828 and died in 1882.
*Daphne Du Maurier
Daphne_Du_Maurier was an English novelist. She was born in 1907 and died in 1989. Several of her books have been made into successful films, including ''Rebecca'' and ''Jamaica Inn''.
*Darius
Darius was the name of three Persian kings. Darius the Great reigned from 521 BC until 486 BC. He was defeated by the Greeks at Marathon.
*Darius Milhaud
Darius_Milhaud was a French composer. He was born in 1892 and died in 1974.
*Dauphin
From 1370 until 1830, Dauphin was the title of the eldest son of the King of France. 
*David Cox
David_Cox was an English landscape painter. He was born in 1783, dying in 1859.
*David Garrick
David_Garrick was an English actor. He was born in 1717 at Hereford and died in 1779.
*David Hume
David_Hume was a British philosopher. He was born in 1711 at Edinburgh and died in 1776. 
*David I
David_I was King of Scotland from 1124 to 1153.
*David II
David_II was King of Scotland from 1329 to 1371. 
*David Lawrence
David_Herbert Lawrence was an English poet and novelist. He was born in 1885 at Nottinghamshire and died in 1930. Thomas_Edward Lawrence was a British soldier and author. He was born in 1888 near Snowdon and died in 1935. He was known as ''Lawrence of Arabia'' for his exploits encouraging the Arabs to fight against the Turks during the Great War. 
*David Roberts
David_Roberts was a Scottish landscape and architectural painter. He was born in 1796 and died in 1864. John_Roberts was an English billiard player. He was born in 1847 and died in 1919. He first won the world championship in 1875. He was one of the greatest billiard players of the time, setting a record of a break of 597 in 1900 with bonzoline balls. He stopped competing after the rules were changed in 1898. 
*Dayak
The Dayak are aboriginal people of Indonesian Borneo and Sarawak.
*De Witt Clinton
De_Witt_Clinton was an American politician. He was born in 1769 and died in 1828. He was three times Mayor of New_York and inaugurated the "spoils system" in New_York. He worked for the completion of the Erie Canal scheme, the extension of education and the abolition of slavery and of imprisonment for debt. 
*Dean
A Dean is the head of a Cathedral Chapter in the Church of England. He is responsible for the upkeep of the fabric, for the services, and generally for the management of business connected with the cathedral. 
*Deborah Harry
Deborah (Debbie) Harry was lead singer with the 70's punk band Blondie. An ex-prostitute she excited young male audiences with her silky voice and short skirts. 
*Decemvirs
The Decemvirs were the 10 magistrates who had absolute authority in Ancient Rome.
*Deemster
A Deemster is a Judge in the Isle_of_Man, who, without process or any charge to the parties, decides controversies in the island.
*Defender of the Faith
Defender_of_the_Faith was a title bestowed upon Henry_VIII by Pope Leo_X in 1521 as a reward for Henry's treatise against Luther. He was deprived of it by Paul_III on his breach with the Papacy, but re-awarded the title by Parliament in 1544 and since then it has been adopted by all English monarchs.
*Del Credere Agent
A Del Credere Agent is an agent for the sale of goods who guarantees, for an additional commission, that the purchaser is solvent and will perform his contract. 
*Delaware Indians
The Delaware Indians were a North_American tribe of Indians of the Algonquin family. They were so called Delaware because they lived on the Delaware river, although they called themselves Lenni Lenape.
*Dene
The Dene are a North_American Indian tribe found in the Northwest Territories, Canada. 
*Denis Compton
Denis_Chales_Scott_Compton is an English cricketer. He was born in 1918. He played for Middlesex and England from 1937 to 1957 and is regarded as the best all-round cricketer of all time.
*Denis Diderot
Denis_Diderot was a French philosopher, novelist, playwright and critic. He was born in 1713 and died in 1784. 
*Desiderius Erasmus
Desiderius_Erasmus was a Dutch scholar. He was born in 1466 at Rotterdam and died in 1536. He wrote much about the Greek and Latin classics. 
*Dhuleep Singh
Dhuleep_Singh was a Maharajah of Lahore who led his Sikh forces in several attacks against the British. He was born in 1837 and died in 1893.
*Di Buoninsegna Duccio
Di_Buoninsegna_Duccio was an Italian painter. He was born in 1255 and died in 1319. He founded the Sienese school. 
*Dick Turpin
Richard (Dick) Turpin was a notorious English highwayman. he was born in 1706 and died in 1739 when he was hanged. 
*Diego Rivera
Diego_Rivera was a Mexican painter. He was born in 1886 at Guanajuato and died in 1957.
*Diego Rodriguez de Silva y Velazquez
Diego_Rodriguez_de_Silva_y_Velazquez was Spain's most celebrated painter. He was born in 1599 at Seville and died in 1660. 
*Diego Velazquez
Diego_Rodriguez_De_Silva_Y_Velazquez was a Spanish painter. He was born in 1599 and died in 1660. He studied under Herrera and then under Pacheco whose daughter he later married. He was commissioned to paint Philip_IV's portrait and became court painter and favourite of the king. 
*Diggers
The diggers were a pacifist and radical sect of 17th century England.
*Dingaan
Dingaan was King of the Zulus. he granted the Boers, led by Pieter_Retief, permission to enter Natal, but later massacred the whole community in 1838. 
*Dinka
The Dinka are a branch of the Nilotes, race of mixed Negro and Hamitic blood, inhabiting part of the Sudan. They are exceptionally tall, often reaching 7 ft, athletic and very proud. 
*Diocletian
Diocletian was a Roman Emperor. He was born in 243 and died in 313. He was proclaimed Emperor by the troops at Chalcedon in 284. 
*Diodorus Siculus
Diodorus_Siculus was a Greek historian of the 1st century BC. He documented Greek history from its mythical beginnings to the Gallic War.
*Diogenes
Diogenes was a Greek philosopher. He was born in 412 BC and died in 323 BC.
*Dion Boucicault
Dion_Boucicault was an Irish author and actor. He was born in 1822 at Dublin and died in 1890. 
*Dion Cassius
Dion_Cassius was a Roman historian and administrator. He was born in 155 at Nicaea and died in 230. He wrote a history of Rome from the earliest times to the first century empire in a book entitled Romaika. 
*Dionysius
Dionysius was a tyrant of Syracuse. He was born around 430 BC and died around 367 BC. He gained control of the city during the war with Carthage, in 405 BC and extended his power by defeating the Carthaginians in 397 BC. His successful campaign against Rhegium and other Greek cities in Italy between 391 BC and 386 BC further extended his power, but he was defeated by the Carthaginians soon after. Dionysius raised Syracuse to the position of a leading city and was a patron of literature.
*Diplomat
A Diplomat is a person sent to a foreign country as one of the representatives of his country. Traditionally diplomats have spied on their host country. 
*Dmitri Mendeleyev
Dmitri Ivanovitch Mendeleyev was a Russian scientist. He was born in 1834 at Tobolsk and died in 1907. He discovered that characteristic properties of chemical elements recur in regular cycles in a table starting with the element of lowest atomic weight and progressing consecutively in order of weight.
*Dmitri Shostakovich
Dmitri_Shostakovich is a Russian composer. He was born in 1906 at Leningrad. He wrote his 7th symphony in Leningrad whilst helping with the defence of the city against the Germans during the Second_World_War. 
*Doge
Doge was the title formerly given to the chief magistrate in the republics of Venice and Genoa.
*Domenico Cimarosa
Domenico_Cimarosa was one of the earlier Italian operatic composers. He was born in 1749 and died in 1801 at Venice. 
*Domenico Ghirlandaio
Domenico_Ghirlandaio was a Florentine sculptor. He was born in 1449 and died in 1494.
*Domenico Scarlatti
Domenico_Scarlatti was an Italian composer. He was born in 1685 at Naples and died in 1757.
*Domenico Theotocopouli
#El_Grecco 
*Donald Bane
Donald_Bane was King of Scotland during 1093.
*Donald I
Donald was King of Scotland from 860 to 863. 
*Donald II
Donald_II was King of Scotland from 878 to 889.
*Donald Maclean
Donald_Maclean was a British diplomat. He defected to the Russians with Guy Burgess in 1951. 
*Donatello
Donatello was an Italian opera composer. He was born in 1797 and died in 1848. 
*Dost Mohammed Khan
Dost_Mohammed_Khan was amir of Afghanistan. He was born in 1793 and died in 1863. He established himself as amir in 1834, but his alliance with Russia led to the invasion of his territory by British troops in 1839. 
*Douglas Freshfield
Douglas_William_Freshfield was an English explorer and mountaineer. He was born in 1845. He was the first person to climb mount Kazbek.
*Douglas MacArthur
Douglas_MacArthur was an American general. He was born in 1880, dying in 1964. He defended the Philippines against the Japanese during the second world war. In 1951 he was relieved of command during the Korean war. 
*Druid
The druids were ancient Celtic priests. Their group still exists today in secret, despite the existence of charlatan groups claiming to be druids. 
*Duff
Duff was King of Scotland from 962 to 967. 
*Duke
Duke is the highest title in English peerage. It was a European title before its introduction into England in the 14th century.
*Duke of Marlborough
John_Churchill (Duke of Marlborough) was an English soldier. He was born in 1650 at Musbury and died in 1722. He commanded the British and Dutch forces against France in 1702.
*Duncan I
Duncan_I was King of Scotland from 1034 to 1040. 
*Duncan II
Duncan_II was King of Scotland during 1093.
*Dunstan
Archbishop Dunstan was advisor to King Edgar of England. 
*Dwight Eisenhower
Dwight David_Eisenhower was an American President and military leader. He was born in 1890 at Texas and died in 1969.
*Dylan Thomas
Dylan_Thomas was a Welsh poet. he was born in 1914 in Swansea and died in 1953. He wrote Under Milk Wood.
*Eadbald
Eadbald was king of the Heptarchy in 616 and a son of St._Ethelbert. 
*Eadbert
Eadbert was king of the Heptarchy in 725. He was a son of Wihtred.
Eadbert was king of Northumberland in 737 until he retired to a monastery.
*Eadweard Muybridge
Eadweard_Muybridge (born Edward James Muggeridge) was a British photographer of animal locomotion. His photographs proved for the first time that when a horse trots there are times when all its feet are off the ground. He was born in 1830 and died in 1904. 
*Ealdorman
#Alderman
*Eamon De Valera
Eamon_De_Valera is an Irish national leader. He commanded an insurgent battalion during the uprising of Easter 1916. He established the independent state of Eire in 1937. 
*Eanfrid
Eanfrid was king of Bernicia in 634. 
*Eanred
Eanred was king of Northumberland in 809.
*Earl
Earl is a British title of nobility, corresponding with the Continental title of count. In order of precedence earls come third after dukes and marquesses. An earl's wife is a countess.
*Earl Godwin
Earl_Godwin was Earl of the west Saxons. He died in 1053.
*Earl Marshal
Earl_Marshal is one of the chief British officers of State. The earl marshal is head of the Herald's College, and controls the ceremonial arrangements for coronations, royal marriages, the opening of Parliament and other State occasions. In feudal times he was judge at the Courts of Chivalry.
*Earl of Leicester
Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, was an Elizabethan courtier and English soldier. He was born in 1532 and died in 1588. 
*Earl of Orford
Robert Walpole, Earl of Orford was one of Britain's greatest statesmen. He was born in 1676 in Norfolk and died in 1745. He was a Whig politician who sought to bring the court and the House of Commons into working alliance.
*Earl of Warwick
#Richard_Neville 
*Ebenezer Elliott
Ebenezer_Elliott was an English poet and Chartist agitator. He was born in 1781 and died in 1849. He was known for his Corn-Law Rhymes.
*Ecbert
Ecbert was king of the Heptarchy in 664. 
*Ecfrid
Ecfrid was king of Northumberland in 670.
*Edbert
Edbert was king of the Heptarchy in 794. 
*Edgar
Edgar was King of England from 959 to 975. Edgar was King of Scotland from 1097 to 1107. 
*Edgar Allan Poe
Edgar_Allan_Poe was an American writer. He was born in 1809 at Boston and died in 1849. He wrote a number of horror and crime novels.
*Edgar Degas
Edgar_Degas was a French painter. He was born in 1834 at Paris and died in 1917. 
*Edgar Wallace
Edgar_Wallace was a British novelist. He was born in 1875 and died in 1932.
*Edilwald
Edilwald was king of Northumberland in 759 until he was killed by Alred. 
*Edith Cavell
Edith_Louisa_Cavell was an English nurse who helped allied soldiers to escape from occupied territory during the Great_War. She was caught and shot by the Germans. She was born in 1865 in Norfolk and died in 1915.
*Edmond Rostand
Edmond_Rostand was a French poet and dramatist. He was born in 1868 and died in 1918.
*Edmond Warre
Edmond_Warre was an English scholar and educationist. He was born in 1837 and died in 1920. He held various posts at Eton, including assistant master from 1850 to 1884, headmaster from 1884 to 1905 and provost from 1909 to 1918. He was also honorary chaplain to the royalty from 1885 to 1920. 
*Edmund
Edmund (the Elder) succeeded Athelstan as King of England from 940 to 946. Edmund (ironside) was a son of Ethelred and King of England in 1016.
*Edmund Cartwright
Edmund_Cartwright was an English cleric and inventor. He was born in 1743 at Marnham and died in 1823. He invented a mechanical weaving machine. 
*Edmund Kean
Edmund_Kean was an English actor. He was born in 1789 at London and died in 1833.
*Edmund Spenser
Edmund_Spenser was an English poet. He was born in 1552 in London and died in 1599.
*Edmund Waller
Edmund_Waller was an English poet and Royalist politician. He was born in 1606 and died in 1687. 
*Edouard Manet
Edouard_Manet was a French painter. He was born in 1832 at Paris and died in 1883. 
*Edouard Rod
Edouard_Rod was a Swiss psychological novelist. He was born in 1857 and died in 1910.
*Edred
Edred succeeded Edmund as King of England from 946 to 955. 
*Edric
Edric was king of the Heptarchy in 685. He was slain in 687. 
*Edvard Munch
Edvard_Munch was a Norwegian painter. He was born in 1863 and died in 1944.
*Edward Acheson
Edward_Goodrich_Acheson was an American Inventor. He was born in 1856, dying in 1931. He invented carborundrum and artificially prepared graphite. 
*Edward Clodd
Edward_Clodd was an English banker, anthropologist and agnostic. He was born in 1840 and died in 1930. He was the author of "The story of creation" published in 1888 and many other works.
*Edward Cummings
Edward_Estlin_Cummings was an American writer and painter. He was born in 1894 and died in 1962. 
*Edward Eyre
Edward John Eyre was a British colonial governor. He was born in 1815 and died in 1901. He explored the north part of the newly colonised South_Australia and his report resulted in the opening up of the land route between Adelaide and Western Australia. Lake Eyre in South_Australia was named after him. He was Governor of St._Vincent from 1854 to 1860 and was made Governor of Jamaica in 1864. He vigorously suppressed a negro revolt in Jamaica in 1845 and was as a result suspended and retired. 
*Edward Fitzgerald
Edward_Fitzgerald was an Irish soldier and patriot. He was born in 1763 and died in 1798. He served in America and explored part of Canada in 1789. He was arrested for conspiring with the French for a Dublin uprising and following being wounded during his arrest died in Newgate prison. 
*Edward Forster
Edward Morgan Forster was an English novelist. He was born in 1879 and died in 1970. He wrote Howard's End and A Passage To India. 
*Edward Gibbon
Edward_Gibbon was an English writer. He was born in 1737 at Putney and died in 1794. He wrote the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire.
*Edward Grey
Edward_Grey was a British statesman. He was born in 1862 and died in 1933. He was Foreign Secretary in 1905. 
*Edward Grieg
Edward Hagerup Grieg was a Norwegian composer. He was born in 1843 at Bergen and died in 1907. 
*Edward Halifax
Edward_Halifax was a British statesman. He was born in 1881 and died in 1959. He was British Ambassador to the USA from 1940 until 1944. 
*Edward I
Edward_I was King of England from 1272 to 1307.
*Edward II
Edward_II was King of England from 1307 to 1327. 
*Edward III
Edward_III was son of Edward_II and King of England from 1327 to 1377. 
*Edward IV
Edward_IV was King of England from 1461 to 1483. 
*Edward James Muggeridge
#Eadweard_Muybridge
*Edward Law
Edward_Law was an English politician, and the Earl of Ellenborough. He was born in 1790 and died in 1871. In 1841 he became Governor General of India but was recalled in 1844 by the East_India_Company.
*Edward Lear
Edward_Lear was an English painter and writer of verse. He was born in 1812 at London and died in 1888. He taught drawing to Queen Victoria, but he is remembered for his work A Book of Nonsense, published in 1846.
*Edward Lytton
Edward George Bulwer Lytton was an English writer and statesman. He was born in 1803 at London and died in 1873. He wrote The Last Days Of Pompeii.
*Edward Palmer
Edward_Henry_Palmer was a British Orientalist. He was born in 1840 and died in 1882. His works include ''Oriental Mysticism'' published in 1867. 
*Edward the confessor
Edward_the_confessor was a son of Ethelred and King of England from 1042 to 1066.
*Edward the Elder
Edward_the_Elder was King of England from 901 to 924.
*Edward the martyr
Edward_the_martyr was son of Edgar and succeeded him as King of England from 975 to 978. 
*Edward V
Edward_V was King of England in 1483.
*Edward Vernon
Edward_Vernon was an English admiral. He was born in 1684 and died in 1757. He obtained command of the expedition against Spanish South_American possessions and took Porto_Bello with a squadron of six ships. In 1740 he attacked Cartagena without success and in 1746 he was dismissed from service. 
*Edward VI
Edward_VI was King of England from 1547 to 1553. 
*Edward VII
Edward_VII was King of England from 1901 to 1910.
*Edward VIII
Edward_VIII was King of England in 1936. 
*Edward Wakefield
Edward_Gibbon_Wakefield was a British colonial statesman. He was born in 1796 and died in 1862. He was imprisoned for abducting an heiress from 1826 to 1829 and emigrated to Australia in 1831 where he developed a plan of systematic colonization. In 1853 he settled in New_Zealand. 
*Edward Ward
Edward_Matthew_Ward was an English painter. He was born in 1816 at LOndon and died in 1879. He studied at the Royal Academy and at Rome and Munich. His cgief works are eight frescoes in the House_of_Commons.
*Edwin
Edwin was a son of Ella, king of Deira in 590 and king of Northumberland in 617. He was killed in a battle with Penda of Mercia. 
*Edwin Muir
Edwin_Muir was a Scottish poet. He was born in 1887 on Orkney and died in 1959.
*Edwy
Edwy (son of Edmund_the_Elder) succeeded Edred as King of England from 955 to 959. 
*Egbert
Egbert was king of the West Saxons in 800 and later the sole monarch of England and Bretwalda. 
*Egfrid
Egfrid was king of the East Angles in 632.
Egfrid was king of Mercia in 794.
Egfrid was king of Northumberland around 673. 
*Egyptian
An Egyptian is an inhabitant of Egypt. 
*El Grecco
El_Grecco (Domenico Theotocopouli) was a Spanish painter. He was born in 1541 and died in 1614.
*Eleanor of Aquitaine
Eleanor_of_Aquitaine was the wife of Louis_VII and then, following her divorce, wife of Henry_II. She was born in 1122 and died in 1204. Through her marriage to Henry_II, England acquired Aquitane which remained in England's posession for 300 years. When Henry_II deserted her, she encouraged her sons in their revolt against Henry_II in France in 1173. She went on to exert great influence during the reign of Richard_I.
*Eleanor of Castile
Eleanor_of_Castile was the wife of Edward_I whom she married in 1254, thereby giving Edward_I control of Ponthieu, Montreuil and Gascony.
*Eleanor Ormerod
Eleanor_Anne_Ormerod was an English entomologist and the author of ''Textbook of Agricultural Entomology'' published in 1892. She was born in 1828 and died in 1901. 
*Elizabeth Blackwell
Elizabeth_Blackwell was the first woman to obtain an MD degree. She was born in 1821 in England. She graduated from the College of Geneva in New_York in 1849. 
*Elizabeth Gaskell
Elizabeth_Cleghorn Gaskell was an English novelist. She was born in 1810 and died in 1865. 
*Elizabeth I
Elizabeth_I was queen of England. Born 1533, and died 1603 she was queen from 1558 to 1603.
*Elizabeth Ward
Elizabeth_Stuart_Phelps_Ward was an American novelist. She was born in 1844 and died in 1911.
*Elizabeth Wetherell
#Susan_Warner
*Elizabeth_II
Elizabeth_II is the queen of England. She ascended the throne in 1952. 
*Ella
Ella was king of Deira in 560 and afterwards sole king of Northumbria.
Ella was the founder of the kingdom of Sussex. He led the Saxon invasion of Sussex from 477 to 491, repelling the Britons, and capturing the Roman city of Anderida.
*Elwald
Elwald was king of Northumberland in 778.
*Emanuel Swedenborg
Emanuel_Swedenborg was a Swedish religious thinker. He was in 1688 and died in 1772. 
*Emeric De Vattel
Emeric_De_Vattel was a Swiss jurist. He was born in 1714 and died in 1767. He entered the state service of Saxony and was appointed minister of the elector at Bern. 
*Emigres
The emigres were monarchist fugitives from France who fled at the time of the Revolution in 1798, settling in Switzerland, Belgium, Holland, Germany and the USA. Their estates were confiscated though an amnesty was granted in 1800.
*Emil Fischer
Emil_Fischer was a German chemist. He was born in 1852 and died in 1919. He was an authority on organic chemistry and won the Nobel Prize for chemistry in 1902. 
*Emile Coue
Emile_Coue was a French psychotherapist. He was born in 1857 and died in 1926. A study of hypnotism led him to the belief that auto-suggestion was able to effect cures in all cases and in 1910 he opened a clinic in Nancy to put his theories to the test.
*Emile Verhaeren
Emile_Verhaeren was a Belgian poet and dramatist. He was born in 1855 and died in 1916.
*Emmanuel Fremiet
Emmanuel_Fremiet was a French sculptor. He was born in 1824 and died in 1910. His works include the statue of Ferdinand de Lesseps at the entrance to the Suez Canal.
*Empedocles
Empedocles was a Greek philosopher. He was born in 495 BC at Sicily and died in 435 BC. He advocated the experimental method in science. 
*Emperor
Emperor is a title originally borne by the heads of the Roman State and now borrowed by many other monarchs. 
*Encyclopaedist
The name Encyclopaedist was first given to those people who took part or assisted in the compilation of the French Encyclopedie. The term now applies generally to any person involved with the creation of an encyclopaedia.
*Enrico Fermi
Enrico_Fermi was an Italian physicist. He was born in 1901 at Rome and died in 1954. He worked primarily in nuclear energy.
*Enver Pasha
Enver_Pasha was a Turkish politician. He was born in 1881 and died in 1922 in Bukhara during a campaign against the Soviet. He joined the Young Turk party in the revolution of 1908. As war minister he promoted the alliance between Turkey and Germany during the Great_War, fleeing to Russia when Turkey surrendered. 
*Envoy
An envoy is a diplomatic agent ranking next after an ambassador. The term is also applied to a person sent on a mission. 
*Ephor
The Ephor were five annually elected magistrates of Sparta. Originally they were judges, but they finally controlled the government, controlling foreign affairs and acting as mediators between the king and the people.
*Epictetus
Epictetus was a Greek philosopher. He lived around 100BC. In his youth he was taken as a slave to Rome where he became an adherent to Stoicism. Expelled from Rome by Domitian he spent the rest of his life in Epirus.
*Epicurus
Epicurus was a Greek philosopher. He was born in 341 BC on the island of Samos and died in 270 BC. He opposed the teachings of Plato as mystical, stating that knowledge of the world could only come from the study of the behaviour of matter. 
*Equerry
An equerry is an officer in the royal household who acts as personal attendant of the King, Queen or other member of the Royal Family, especially when riding in State.
*Eratosthenes
Eratosthenes was an ancient Greek geographer and mathematician.
*Ercenbert
Ercenbert was king of the Heptarchy in 640.
*Erdulf
Erdulf was king of Northumberland in 794 and again in 808. 
*Eric Harefoot
Eric_Harefoot was king of Denmark in 1135. 
*Eric I
Eric_I was king of Denmark in 850. 
*Eric II
Eric_II was king of denmark in 854.
*Eric IV
Eric_IV was king of Denmark in 1241. 
*Eric the Good
Eric the Good was king of Denmark in 1095. 
*Eric the Lamb
Eric_the_Lamb was king of Denmark in 1137. 
*Eric V
Eric_V was king of Denmark in 1259.
*Eric VI
Eric_VI was king of Denmark in 1286. 
*Eric VII
Eric_VII (Eric_XIII of Sweden) was king of Denmark and Sweden in 1397, reigning jointly with Margaret until 1412, and then on his own until 1438 when he was obliged to resign both crowns.
*Erich von Falkenhayn
Erich_von_Falkenhayn was a Prussian general. He was born in 1861 and died in 1922. After serving in China, he became general and Prussian War Minister. He hastened Germany's declaration of war in 1914 and superseded von Moltke as Chief of Staff. He precipitated the first battle of Ypres, and planned the offensives on Russia and Serbia in 1915.
*Erinna
Erinna was a Greek poet. She lived around 600 BC.
*Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari
Ermanno_Wolf-Ferrari was a German-Italian composer. He was born in 1876 in Venice and died in 1948.
*Ernest Augustus
Ernest_Augustus was King of Hanover and Duke of Cumberland. He was born in 1771 and died in 1851. He was the fifth son of George III of England, and commanded the Hanoverian army against the French in 1793 - 1795 and again in 1810 - 1814. He became King of Hanover in 1837.
*Ernest Bevin
Ernest_Bevin was an British trade unionist. He was born in 1881, dying in 1951. He was foreign secretary from 1945 to 1951.
*Ernest Dowson
Ernest_Dowson was an English poet. He was born in 1867 and died in 1900. 
*Ernest Hemingway
Ernest_Hemingway was an American novelist. He was born in 1898 at Oak Park and died in 1961. 
*Ernest Rutherford
Ernest_Rutherford was a British scientist. He was born in 1871 in New_Zealand and died in 1937. He won the Nobel prize for chemistry in 1908 for his work with radium. 
*Ernst Hoffmann
Ernst Theodor Hoffmann was a German writer and composer. He was born in 1776 and died in 1822. 
*Erpwald
Erpwald was king of the East Angles in 624.
*Erwin Rommel
Erwin_Rommel was a German Field_Marshal of the Second_World_War. 
*Escwine
Escwine was king of the West Saxons in 674.
*Eskimo
The Eskimo are an aboriginal people living in North_America, and chiefly in Greenland. They are short of stature, averaging around 1.6 meters tall, with broad, fat faces, black eyes, brownish yellow skin and coarse black hair. They live by hunting and fishing. Hunting is done with dog drawn sledges, fishing from a canoe. During the summer they live in tents and in winter huts made from turf and snow heated by oil lamps. They tend to live in small groups of twenty to thirty families and practise a shamanistic religion. In 1912 an expedition discovered white Eskimos with red hair and blue eyes and implements which led to the belief that they may be descendants of old Norse vikings who visited North_America from 1000 onwards. 
*Esquimaux
#Eskimo
*Esquire
Originally an Esquire was a man who served an apprenticeship to knighthood as attendant on a knight, and bore his shield and armour. Today the term is used to describe and ordinary man.
*Essad Pasha
Essad_Pasha was an Albanian leader. He was born in 1863 and died in 1920. He fought for the Turks against the Serbians in 1912 and was made ruler of an independant Albania in 1914. 
*Essenes
The Essenes were a Jewish religious body of monastic habits of life arising in the 2nd century BC. They combined strict Hebraism with asceticism and were thus marked off from the rest of the Jews. 
*Ethel Smyth
Ethel_Mary_Smyth was an English composer and suffragette. She was born in 1858, dying in 1944. She wrote the opera the wreckers. 
*Ethelard
Ethelard was king of the West Saxons in 728. 
*Ethelbald
Ethelbald was king of Mercia in 716. He was slain by his successor Beornred. 
*Ethelbert
Ethelbert was king of the East Angles in 790. He was treacherously put to death in Mercia in 792, when Offa, king of Mercia, overran the country, which was finally subdued by Egbert. 
*Ethelbert II
Ethelbert_II was a son of Wihtred and king of the Heptarchy in 748.
*Etheldreda
Etheldreda was the queen of Egfrid, king of Northumberland. She built a church on Ely island, Cambridgeshire in 673 and founded a religious house which she filled with virgins and became the first abbess herself. 
*Ethelfrith
Ethelfrith (the Fierce) was king of Bernicia in 593. 
*Ethelred
Ethelred was a son of Edgar and succeeded Edward the martyr as King of England from 978 to 1016.
Ethelred, son of Mollo, was king of Northumberland in 774 and again in 790.
Ethelred was king of the East Angles in 749, ruling jointly with Beorna.
Ethelred was king of the East Angles in 761.
Ethelred was king of Mercia in 675. 
*Ethelric
Ethelric was king of Bernicia in 588.
Ethelric was king of the East Angles in 654. 
*Ethelwald
Ethelwald was king of the East Angles in 655.
*Etruscans
The Etruscans were a race inhabiting Etruria, in ancient Italy. They were a powerful race, but internal rivalry of their loosely federated cities gave Rome an opportunity of destroying their power, although this took several centuries of spasmodic warfare, finally coming to a conclusion in the 4th century BC. 
*Euclid
Euclid was a Greek mathematician. His book the Elements of Geometry set down how geometry was to be taught for the next 2000 years. He was born in 365 BC and died in 275 BC.
*Eugene O'Neill
Eugene Gladstone O'Neill was an American dramatist. He was born in 1888 at New_York and died in 1954.
*Eugenie
Eugenie was wife of Napoleon_III. She was born in 1826 and died in 1920. She was the daughter of the Spanish Count of Montijo and married Louis Napoleon in 1853.
*Eumenes II
Eumenes_II was King of Pergamum. He was born in 197 BC and died in 159 BC. He assisted the Romans against Antiochus of Syria at Magnesia, and against Perseus of Macedonia. He made Pergamum a centre of great wealth and culture. 
*Euripides
Euripides was a Greek dramatist. He was born in 480 BC at Phyla on the island of Salamis and died in 406 BC. 
*Eutropius
Eutropius was a Roman historian. He lived around the 4th century and was also secretary to the emperor Julian. 
*Evangelista Torricelli
Evangelista_Torricelli was an Italian physicist. He was born in 1608 and died in 1647. He discovered atmospheric pressure. 
*Evelyn Baring
Evelyn_Baring was a British statesman and the 1st Earl of Cromer. He was born in 1841 and died in 1917. He was secretary to the Viceroy of India from 1872 until 1876 and commissioner of the Egyptian Public debt from 1877 until 1879. 
*Evelyn Waugh
Evelyn Arthur Saint-John_Waugh was a British author. He was born in 1903 and died in 1965. 
*Evzone
An evzone is a member of a select Greek infantry regiment. 
*Ezekiel
Ezekiel was a Hebrew prophet who began to prophesy during the babylonian captivity. His sayings were recorded in the book of Ezekiel.
*Ezra
Ezra was a Hebrew scribe. He was exiled in Babylon, and led a party of fellow exiles back to Palestine around 488 BC.
*F.W. Woolworth
Frank Winfield Woolworth was an American trader who started the ''five and ten cent stores'' which grew into the world famous ''F.W. Woolworth'' chain of stores.
*Fa-hsien
Fa-hsien was a Chinese monk and writer. He lived around 400, and travelled from China via the Gobi Desert to Turkestan, Afghanistan, India and Ceylon documenting Buddhist festivals, customs and beliefs. 
*Fabian Society
The Fabian Society are an intellectual Socialist society which was founded in 1883 by Sidney_Webb, Beatrice_Potter, and George_Bernard_Shaw amongst others.
*Fabius Maximus
Fabius_Maximus was the Roman dictator who saved Rome from Hannibal by deliberately avoiding battle.
*Fakir
A Fakir is a Hindu ascetic or any ''Holy Man'' in Islam. 
*Fama
Fama was an alternative name for Pheme.
*Farrier
A farrier is a person who conducts farriery, originally the shoeing of horses but now also the veterinary care of horses.
*Feisal
Feisal was king of Iraq. He was born in 1885 and died in 1933. He was appointed king of Syria in 1920 but deposed shortly afterwards. In 1921 he was elected King of Iraq. 
*Felice Orsini
Felice_Orsini was an Italian patriot. He was born in 1819 and was executed in 1858 in Paris for attempting to assassinate Napoleon_III.  
*Felix Mendelssohn
Felix_Mendelssohn was a German composer. He was born in 1809 at Hamburg and died in 1847.
*Felix Slade
Felix_Slade was an English art collector. He was born in 1790, dying in 1868.  
*Fellah
Fellah is an arabic word used to signify the Egyptian peasant. 
*Fellahin
Fellahin is the plural of fellah.
*Fellow
A fellow is a graduate member of a university, elected to perform some specific governing or tutorial work, for which he or she receives a fixed salary. 
*Fenian
The Fenians were an organisation of Irish Americans formed in the middle of the 19th century to promote revolution and the overthrow of the English government in Ireland. 
*Ferdinand Cohn
Ferdinand Julius Cohn was a German Jewish botanist. He was born in 1828 and died in 1898. He founded bacteriology. His important works were treatises describing his research into the development of minute organisms; his books on the algae, on parasitism, on fungi and on the formation of spores.
*Ferdinand Delacroix
Ferdinand_Victor_Eugene_Delacroix was a French historical painter. He was born in 1798 at Charenton and died in 1863.
*Ferdinand Foch
Ferdinand_Foch was a French soldier. He was born in 1851 at Tarbes and died in 1929. He became generalissimo of the Allied armies in 1918 and drove the Germans back during the Great War. 
*Ferdinand I
Ferdinand_I was a Holy Roman Emperor. He was born in 1503 and died in 1564. Ferdinand I was Emperor of Austria. He was born in 1793 and died in 1875. Ferdinand I was King of Romania. He was born in 1865 and died in 1927. 
*Ferdinand II
Ferdinand_II was King of the Two Sicilies. He was born in 1810 and died in 1859. 
*Ferdinand Magellan
Ferdinand_Magellan was a Portuguese sailor. He was born in 1480 at Sabrosa and died in 1521. He discovered the straight of Magellan. 
*Ferdinand The Great
Ferdinand_The_Great was King of Castile, and Emperor of Spain. He died in 1065.
*Feringhi
Feringhi was an Eastern derogatory name for Westerners. It originated in the Middle Ages.
*Fernand Leger
Fernand_Leger was a French painter. He was born in 1881 and died in 1955.
*Field-marshal
Field-marshal is the highest rank in the British army. The position was formed in 1736 from a marshal who was previously responsible for order in court and for supervising the camps of an army in the field. 
*Fifth Monarchy Men
The Fifth Monarchy Men were a sect of Puritans who appeared in England in 1645, and taught that Christ was about to reappear on earth, to establish a new universal monarchy. In 1653 they held weekly meetings in London at which they denounced Cromwell as ''the man of sin'' as a result he put a stop to their preaching. 
*Flora Macdonald
Flora_Macdonald was a Scottish heroine. She was born in 1722 and died in 1790. She helped Prince Charles Edward Stuart to escape after the battle of Culloden. 
*Flora Steel
Flora Annie Steel was an English novelist and an ardent advocate of female suffrage. She was born in 1847 and died in 1929. Her autobiography, The Garden of Fidelity, was published in 1929.
*Florence Nightingale
Florence_Nightingale was a British nurse and reformer of hospital nursing. She was born in 1820 at Florence and died in 1910. She attended the sick during the Crimean war.
*Folc-mote
In Saxon England, a Folc-mote was an assembly of people to consult respecting public affairs.
*Fox Indians
The Fox Indians are a tribe of North_American Indians belonging to the Algonquin family and found scattered over Iowa, Kansas and Nebraska.
*Fra Angelico
Fra_Angelico was an Italian painter. He was born in 1387 and died in 1455. He especially painted religious frescoes. 
*Francesco Albani
Francesco_Albani was an Italian painter. He was born in 1578 at Bologna and died in 1660.
*Francesco Di Gentile Da Fabriano
Francesco_Di_Gentile_Da_Fabriano was an Italian painter. He was born in 1370 at Fabriano and died in 1450. He did most of his work in Florence, and is typical of the early Umbrian and Sienese schools. 
*Francesco Guardi
Francesco_Guardi was an Italian painter. He was born in 1712 at Venice and died in 1793. 
*Francesco Parmigianino
Francesco_Parmigianino was an Italian painter. He was born in 1503 at Parma and died in 1540.
*Francis Bacon
Francis_Bacon was an English philosopher. He was born in 1561 and died in 1626.
*Francis Beaumont
Francis_Beaumont was a British dramatist. He was born in 1584 and died in 1616. With John_Fletcher he wrote ''The Knight of the Burning Pestle''.
*Francis Ferdinand
Francis_Ferdinand was Archduke of Austria. He was born in 1863 and died in 1914. His murder by Serbians at Sarajevo in June 1914 led to the Austrian ultimatum against Serbia, and subsequently to the Great_War.
*Francis I
Francis_I was King of France. He was born in 1494 and died in 1547. He made an unsuccessful bid for the imperial crown against his rival, the Emperor Charles_V of Spain. He founded the College de France.
*Francis II
Francis_II was King of France. He was born in 1544 and died in 1560. He married Mary_Stuart in 1558. 
*Francis Joseph I
Francis_Joseph_I was Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary. He was born in 1830 and died in 1916. 
*Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald
Francis_Scott_Key_Fitzgerald was an American novelist. He was born in 1896 and died in 1940. He wrote The Great Gatsby.
*Francis Walker
Francis_Amasa_Walker was an American soldier and economist. He was born in 1840 and died in 1897. He made general in 1865 and was professor of political economy at Yale from 1873 to 1881.
*Francisco de Orellana
Francisco_de_Orellana was a Spanish soldier. He discovered the Amazon river, which was so named because he claimed that while travelling down the river he was attacked by a tribe of female warriors. 
*Francois Chateaubriand
Francois_Rene_Vicomte_de_Chateaubriand was a politician and pioneer of the French Romantic Movement. He was born in 1768 and died in 1848. He was ambassador to Britain in 1822 and minister of Foreign Affairs from 1823 until 1824.
*Francois Coppee
Francois Joachim Coppee was a French poet, novelist and dramatist. He was born in 1842, dying in 1908. 
*Francois Couperin
Francois_Couperin was a French composer. He was born in 1668 near Paris and died in 1733. He composed music for the harpsichord and revealed new possibilities for that instrument.
*Francois Fetis
Francois Joseph Fetis was a Flemish musical theorist and composer. He was born in 1784 and died in 1871. He founded the Revue Musicale.
*Francois Mauriac
Francois_Mauriac was a French novelist. He was born in 1885 and died in 1970.
*Francois Rabelais
Francois_Rabelais was a French satirist. He was born in 1490 at Chinon and died in 1553. 
*Francois Villon
Francois_Villon was a French poet. He was born in 1431 in Paris and died in 1463. He led a gay, idle and vicious life, narrowly escaping being hanged. 
*Frank Leavis
Frank Raymond Leavis was a British literary critic. He was born in 1895 and died in 1978.
*Frank Lloyd Wright
Frank_Lloyd_Wright was an American architect. he was born in 1869 and died in 1959.
*Franklin Roosevelt
Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt was president of the United_States. He was born in 1882, dying in 1945. He was opposed to war, and held the philosophy of talk soft, but carry a big stick.
*Franks
The Franks were a federation of Germanic tribes comprising the Salian Franks and other lesser tribes, which overthrew the Romans in Gaul and gave rise to the name France for the area.
*Franz Joseph Haydn
Franz_Joseph_Haydn was an Austrian composer. He was born in 1732, dying in 1809. 
*Franz Kafka
Franz_Kafka was a Czech writer. He was born in 1883 at Prague and died in 1924.
*Franz Lehar
Franz_Lehar was a Hungarian composer. He was born in 1870 and died in 1948.
*Franz Marc
Franz_Marc was a German painter. He was born in 1880 and died in 1916 at Verdun during the Great War.
*Franz Schubert
Franz_Schubert was an Austrian composer. He was born in 1797 in Vienna and died in 1828. 
*Franz von Suppe
Franz_von_Suppe was an Austrian composer. He was born in 1819 in Dalmatia and died in 1895.
*Fred Astaire
Fred_Astaire was the adopted name of Frederick Austerlitz, an American actor, singer and dancer. He was born in Omaha, Nebraska in 1899 and died in 1987.
He starred in numerous films, including Top Hat, Easter Parade, and Funny Face,
many of the films contain inventive dance sequences which he designed and
choreographed himself. He made ten classic films with the most popular of his
dancing partners, Ginger Rogers. He later played straight dramatic roles in such films as On the Beach.
*Frederic Chopin
Frederic_Francois_Chopin was a Polish composer. He was born in 1810
near Warsaw and died in 1849. He spent much of his life in Paris where
he founded the modern style of piano playing. 
*Frederic Villiers
Frederic_Villiers was a British war artist and correspondent. He was born in 1852 and died in 1922. He was war artist for the ''Graphic'' in most wars from 1872 and was the only war artist at the siege of Port_Arthur. In 1909 he was with the Spanish army in Morocco and both the French and British armies in France from 1914 to 1917. He was the first to use a cinematograph camera in war. 
*Frederick Delius
Frederick_Delius was an English composer. He was born in 1862 at Bradford and died in 1934. Despite becoming blind and paralysed at the age of fifty he continued to compose.
*Frederick Faber
Frederick William Faber was an English Roman Catholic priest. He was born in 1814 at Yorkshire and died in 1863. He wrote several hymns. 
*Frederick I
Frederick_I was a son of Christian_I and king of Denmark and Norway in 1523. 
*Frederick II
Frederick_II (Frederick The Great) was King of Prussia. He was born in 1712 and died in 1786. He preferred the French way of life to the Prussian, and he improved the economy and conditions of his country. Frederick_II was king of Denmark and Norway in 1559. 
*Frederick III
Frederick_III was king of Denmark and Norway in 1648. He changed the constitution from an elected monarchy to a hereditary monarchy. 
*Frederick IV
Frederick_IV was a son of Christian_V and king of Denmark and Norway in 1699.
*Frederick Leighton
Frederick Baron Leighton was an English artist. He was born in 1830 at Scarborough and died in 1896. He was president of the Royal Academy in 1878.
*Frederick Soddy
Frederick_Soddy was an English scientist. He was born in 1877 at Eastbourne and died in 1956. He was a pioneer in the study of radioactive substances. 
*Frederick The Great
#Frederick_II
*Frederick V
Frederick_V was king of Denmark and Norway in 1746.
*Frederick VI
Frederick_VI was king of Denmark and Norway. He was pronounced Regent as a result of his father's insanity in 1784 and succeeded to the throne in 1808.
*Frederick VII
Frederick_VII was king of Denmark in 1848. 
*Frederick VIII
Frederick_VIII was king of Denmark in 1906.
*Frederick Walker
Frederick_Walker was an English painter. He was born in 1840 and died in 1875. He designed woodcuts for books and magazines and as a painter worked in oils and water-colours. 
*Freodwulf
Freodwulf was king of Bernicia in 573. 
*Fridtjof Nansen
Fridtjof_Nansen was a Norwegian scientist. He was born in 1861 and died in 1930. He explored the polar regions and in 1921 organised relief for Russian famine victims. He won the Nobel peace prize in 1922.
*Friedrich Engels
Friedrich_Engels was the co-founder with Karl Marx of scientific socialism. He was born in 1820 and died in 1895.
*Friedrich Froebel
Friedrich Wilhelm August Froebel was a German educationalist. He was born in 1782 and died in 1852. He originated the kindergarten system of teaching young children.
*Friedrich Nietzsche
Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche was a German philosopher who originated the idea of a superman and the doctrine of perfectibility of man through forcible self assertion and superiority.
*Friedrich Vischer
Friedrich_Theodor_Vischer was a German author. He was born in 1807 and died in 1887. He wrote a monumental work on the philosophy of art entitled ''Aesthetik''. 
*Frisian
The Frisians were a Teutonic race who dwelt in the maritime provinces between the Rivers Scheldt and Ems. In the 7th century they were a powerful seafaring-trading people. The Franks tried to convert them to Christianity by force, and succeeded in breaking their power which resulted in the Scandinavian pirates in the Baltic having a free hand, leading to the Viking invasions of Europe. 
*Frisians
The Frisians were a Germanic tribe who lived between the Rhine and the Ems during Roman times. They were a peaceful tributary of Rome until oppression drove them to hostilities.
*Fritz Kreisler
Fritz_Kreisler was an Austrian violinist. He was born in 1875 and died in 1962.
*Furlani
The Furlani are inhabitants of Friuli, a once independent duchy at the head of the Adriatic, now part of Italy and Austria.
*Fyodor Dostoievski
Fyodor_Dostoievski was a Russian novelist. He was born in 1821 at Moscow and died in 1881. He studied military engineering before joining the army. He was arrested in 1849 for being a member of a socialist society and sentenced to four years in Siberia.
*Gabriel Fahrenheit
Gabriel Daniel Fahrenheit was a German scientist. He was born in 1686 and died in 1736. He moved to Amsterdam, and there invented the thermometer. He invented the fahrenheit scale of temperature, with zero based upon the lowest point the mercury in his thermometer dropped to in the winter of 1709. 
*Gabriel Faure
Gabriel Urbain Faure was a French composer. He was born in 1845 at Parniers and died in 1924.
*Gadhel
#Gael
*Gael
Gael (Gadhel) is the name of the Celts inhabiting Scotland, Ireland and the Isle_Of_Man. 
*Gael Albinnich
Gael_Albinnich are the Gael people of the Scottish Highlands.
*Gael Erinnich
Gael_Erinnich is the division of the Gael people living in Ireland.
*Gaetano Donizetti
Gaetano_Donizetti was an Italian operatic composer. He was born in 1797 and died in 1848. He studied music in the Naples Conservatoire and later joined the Army. While a soldier he wrote his first opera, Enrico di Borgogna, in 1819. 
*Gaius Catullus
Gaius_Valerius_Catullus was a Roman lyric poet. He was born at Verona in 84 BC and died in 54 BC.
*Galileo
Galileo was an Italian scientist. He was born in 1564, dying in 1642. He discovered the ring of Saturn, Jupiter's 4 major satellites and the sun's spots.
*Gallas
The Gallas are a people of East Africa. They are tall, with dark brown skin, wiry bodies. Their nose is often straight or arched and they have moderate lips.
*Gamal Nasser
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser was prime minister of Egypt from 1954 until 1956. He was born in 1918 and died in 1970. 
*Gandhi
Mahatma Gandhi was an Indian national leader. He was born in 1869 and died in 1948. He sought Indian independence through non-violent civil disobedience which earned him great respect. 
*Gauchos
The Gauchos are a native people of the Pampas of the La_Plata countries in South_America. They are descended from the Spanish invaders and are noted for their strong will, independence, horsemanship and skill with a lasso. 
*Gaudenzio Ferrari
Gaudenzio_Ferrari was an Italian painter. He was born in 1480 at Piedmont and died in 1546. He became famous during his lifetime, and painted numerous frescoes for the churches of the Duchy of Milan, as well as the altar-piece in the Church of San_Gaudenzio at Novara. 
*Gavin Douglas
Gavin_Douglas was a Scottish poet and Bishop of Dunkeld. He was born in 1474 and died in 1522. He translated the Aeneid into English, the first time a classical poem had been translated into English.
*Geisha
A geisha is a Japanese female professional entertainer. They undergo a long training in singing, conversation and etiquette and often contract with tea-houses. It is an honourable profession, often combined with prostitution.
*Gene Tunney
Gene_Tunney was an American boxer. he was born in 1900 and out fought Jack_Dempsey for the World Heavyweight Championship in 1926 and again in 1927. He retired from boxing in 1928 and married Josephine_Lauder, an American heiress. 
*General Charles Gordon
General Charles George_Gordon was an English military leader. He was born in 1833 at Woolwich and died in 1885 following his capture during the siege of Khartoum. 
*General Franco
General Francisco Franco was the dictator of Spain. He was born in 1892. He rose to power during the Spanish Civil War.
*General Marshall
General George_Marshall was an American General and statesman. He was born in 1880 and died in 1959. He was chief of staff during the second World War.
*Genevieve Ward
Genevieve_Ward was an American actress. She was born in 1837 at New_York and died in 1922. She was educated in Paris and Italy and made her operatic debut at Milan in 1856. She lost her singing voice through illness and studied for the stage, coming to England in 1873.
*Genghis Khan
Genghis_Khan was a Mongolian chieftain and warrior. He was born in 1162 and died in 1227. He conquered most of China, Turkistan and Afghanistan. 
*Genseric
Genseric was a Vandal king. He was invited to Africa in 429 by the Roman governor, Bonifactus. Genseric declared his independence, overthrew Bonifactus and in 455 took Rome.
*Gentleman Jim
#James_Corbett 
*Geoffrey Chaucer
Geoffrey_Chaucer was an English poet. He was born in 1340 and died in 1400. His works include the Canterbury Tales.
*Geoffrey of Monmouth
Geoffrey_of_Monmouth was a British historian. He was born in 1100 and died in 1154. He wrote ''Historia Regum Britanniae''.
*Georg Ohm
Georg_Ohm was a German physicist born in 1787, died 1854, who discovered ohm's_Law.
*George Barrington
George_Barrington was an Irish pick-pocket and author. He was deported to Botany Bay. He was born in 1755 and died in 1840. He wrote the line ''we left our country for our country's good''.
*George Bernard Shaw
George_Bernard Shaw was an Irish writer. He was born in 1856 in Dublin and died in 1950. 
*George Birkbeck
George_Birkbeck founded the mechanics' institutes. He was born in 1776, dying in 1841. 
*George Borrow
George_Borrow was an English writer. He was born in 1803 and died in 1881. he wrote the Dictionary of the Gypsy Language in 1874.
*George Cadbury
George_Cadbury was an English businessman, social reformer and philanthropist. He was born in 1839 and died in 1922. Together with his brother Michael_Cadbury he established the model village of Bournville, near Birmingham, for the Cadbury work force.
*George Castriota
#Skanderbeg
*George Chapman
George_Chapman was a British poet, dramatist and translator. He was born in 1559 and died in 1634. He translated Homer's ''Iliad'' and ''Odyssey''.
*George Coulton
George_Gordon Coulton was an English scholar and historian. He was born in 1858, dying in 1947. He wrote the book five centuries of religion.  
*George Crabbe
George_Crabbe was an English poet. He was born in 1754, dying in 1832. 
*George Cruikshank
George_Cruikshank was an English artist. He was born in 1792 at London and died in 1878. He is remembered for his caricatures and book illustrations.
*George Curzon
George_Nathaniel_Curzon was an English statesman. He was born in 1859 and died in 1925. He was foreign secretary from 1919 until 1924. 
*George Dalgarno
George_Dalgarno was a Scottish educationalist. He was born in 1627 at Aberdeen and died in 1687. He wrote ''Didascalocophus'' which was a tutor for the deaf.
*George Danton
George_Jacques_Danton was one of the leaders of the French revolution. He was born in 1759 and died in 1794. 
*George Dewey
George_Dewey was an American admiral. he was born in 1837 and died in 1917. He fought under Farragut in the American Civil War. He commanded the Asiatic squadron in the Spanish-American War, and engaged and destroyed the Spanish fleet at Manila in 1898 without loss to his own side. 
*George Eliot
George_Eliot was the published name of Mary_Ann_Evans. She was a famous English novelist who wrote Silas_Marner and Mill_on the_Floss. 
*George Elkington
George_Elkington was an English silver-plater. He was born in 1801 and died in 1865. In 1840 he took over John_Wright's invention of an electro-plating process and founded the English electro-plating industry.
*George Engleheart
George_Engleheart was an English miniature painter. He was born in 1752 and died in 1839. He painted numerous portraits of George_III and copied in miniature form the paintings of Reynolds.
*George Fox
George_Fox was the founder of the Society_Of_Friends. He was born in 1624, dying in 1691. Charles James Fox was an English statesman. He was born in 1749 and died in 1806.
*George Gershwin
George_Gershwin was an American composer. He was born in 1898 at New_York and died in 1937. He produced Porgy and Bess which was the first American folk opera.
*George Herbert
George_Herbert was a British poet. He was born in 1593 and died in 1633. He wrote ''The Temple''.
*George I
George_I was King of Great Britain and Ireland. He was born in 1660 and died in 1727. he reigned from 1714 until 1727. 
*George II
George_II was King of Great Britain and Ireland. He was born in 1683 and died in 1760. He was a soldier more than a politician, and allowed his Prime Minister, Walpole, a free hand.
*George III
George_III was King of Great Britain and Ireland. He was born in 1738 and died in 1820. He regained for the throne much of its former power, taking that power away from the powerful Whig aristocracy.
*George IV
George_IV was King of Great Britain and Ireland. He was born in 1762 and died in 1830. 
*George Lansbury
George_Lansbury was a British politician and leader of the Parliamentary Labour Party from 1931 until 1935. He was born in 1859 and died in 1940.
*George Meredith
George_Meredith was an English novelist. He was born in 1828 at Portsmouth and died in 1909. 
*George Monck
George_Monck was an English soldier. He was born in 1608 and died in 1670. During the English civil war he fought with the Royalists until captured by Fairfax and imprisoned. He then served under Cromwell and was instrumental in bringing about the restoration of Charles_II. 
*George Moore
George_Moore was an Irish poet and novelist. He was born in 1852 and died in 1933. 
*George Morland
George_Morland was an English painter of rural life. He was born in 1763, dying in 1804. 
*George Orwell
George_Orwell was an English writer. He was born in 1905 in India and died in 1950. He wrote Nineteen Eighty Four and Animal Farm (the book, not the video). 
*George Rodney
George_Brydges Rodney was an English admiral who defeated the Spanish fleet off cape St. Vincent in 1780. He was born in 1718, dying in 1792.
*George Romney
George_Romney was an English portrait painter. He was born in 1734 in Lancashire and died in 1802. 
*George Sand
George_Sand was a French writer. He was born in 1804 in Paris and died in 1876.
*George Santayana
George_Santayana was an American philosopher. He was born in 1863 in Madrid and died in 1952.
*George Stephenson
George_Stephenson was an English engineer. He was born at Wylam in 1781, dying in 1848. He is remembered for designing locomotives. In 1829 his locomotive called the rocket ran at 30 mph and won a prize.  
*George Vancouver
George_Vancouver was an English navigator. He was born in 1757 and died in 1798. He entered the navy at the age of 13 and sailed with Cook on his second and third voyages of discovery. 
*George Vogler
George_Joseph_Vogler was a German organist, composer and teacher. He was born in 1749 and died in 1814. He established music schoold at Mannheim, Stockholm and Darmstadt. 
*George Wade
George_Wade was a British general. He was born in 1673 and died in 1748. He put down the 1715 rebellion and made military roads in the Scotish Highlands. He was field-marshal commanding the forces in Flanders against the French in 1743. However, he failed in the Jacobite rising of 1745.
*George Walker
George_Walker was a defender of Londonderry. He was born in 1618 and died in 1690 at the Battle_of_the_Boyne. He entered the Church, but when the Revolution broke out he gathered an army for the defence of Londonderry and throughout the siege of 1689 upheld the resistance of the inhabitants. He became Bishop of Londonderry and wrote a book about his experiences entitled ''A True Account of the Siege''.
*George Walpole
George_Henry_Somerset_Walpole was Bishop of Edinburgh and the author of several books on theological subjects. 
*George Washington
George_Washington was an American statesman and the first President of the USA. He was born in 1732 at Briges Creek and died in 1799.
*George Watts
George_Frederic Watts was an English painter and sculptor. He was born in 1817 in London and died in 1904. 
*George Whitefield
George_Whitefield was an English preacher. he was born in 1714 at Gloucester and died in 1770. He led a group called the Calvanistic Methodists. 
*Georges Clemenceau
Georges_Clemenceau was a French republican and statesman. He was born in 1841 at Mouilleron-en-Pareds and died in 1929. He was Prime Minister of France in 1906 and inaugurated a scheme of social reform. 
*Georges Leclanche
Georges_Leclanche was a French engineer. he was born in 1839 and died in 1882. In 1866 he invented a primary electrical cell which still forms the basis for most dry batteries. 
*George_I
George_I was King of England from 1714 to 1727.
*George_II
George_II was a son of George_I and King of England from 1727 to 1760. 
*George_III
George_III was King of England from 1760 to 1820.
*George_IV
George_IV was King of England from 1820 to 1830. 
*George_V
George_V was King of England from 1910 to 1936.
*George_VI
George_VI was King of England from 1936 to 1952. 
*Geradus Mercator
Geradus_Mercator was a Flemish geographer and cartographer. He was born in 1512 and died in 1594. He devised a new method of projecting the surface of the earth on a map which made navigation much simpler.
*Gerry Anderson
Gerry_Anderson is a highly innovative creator of children's science fiction adventure television programmes. His creations of Thunderbirds, Joe-90, and Stingray are legendary. More recently he created ''Space Precinct'' probably one of the most expensive television cereals yet produced costing over 1 million pounds per episode to produce. 
*Gervase Elwes
Gervase_Elwes was an English tenor. He was born in 1866 at Billing, Northants and died in an accident in 1921 at Boston, Massachusets. Elwes excelled in his interpretation of the works of contemporary English composers.
*Getae
The Getae (Daci) were an ancient people of Europe who lived at Thrace and then moved west to the north bank of the Danube where they became known by the Romans as the Daci. 
*Giacomo Puccini
Giacomo_Puccini was an Italian opera composer. He was born at Lucca in 1858, dying in 1924.
*Gilbert Chesterton
Gilbert_Keith_Chesterton was an English author of essays, verse and novels. He was born in 1874 and died in 1936.
*Gildas
Gildas was the first British historian. He was born in 516 and died in 570. He wrote De Excidio Britanniae, one of the few sources of information concerning 5th century Britian.
*Gioacchino Rossini
Gioacchino_Antonio_Rossini was an Italian operatic composer. He was born in 1792 and died in 1868. 
*Giorgio Vasari
Giorgio_Vasari was an Italian art historian, architect and painter. He was born in 1511 and died in 1574. He studied under Michelangelo and Andrea_del_Sarto. His paintings won him contemporary fame and he had briliant gifts as an architect, but he is chiefly remembered for his book which is the basis of Italian art history.
*Giorgione
Giorgione was a Venetian painter. He was born in 1478 and died in 1510.
*Giotto de Bondone
Giotto_de_Bondone was an Italian painter and architect. He was born in 1267 and died in 1337.
*Giovanni Bernini
Giovanni Lorenzo was an Italian sculptor. He was born in 1598 at Naples, Italy and died in 1680. He created the baroque style of sculpture.
*Giovanni Castiglione
Giovanni Bendetto Castiglione was an Italian artist. He was born in 1616 and died in 1670. He painted scenes and landscapes. 
*Giovanni Cimabue
Giovanni_Cimabue was a Florentine painter and mosaic artist. He was born in 1240 and died in 1302. 
*Giovanni Palestrina
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina was an Italian composer. He was born in 1524 and died in 1594. His works include Marcellus Mass.
*Giovanni Piranesi
Giovanni Battista Piranesi was an Italian architect. He was born in 1720 in Venice and died in 1778. 
*Giovanni Tiepolo
Giovanni Battista Tiepolo was a Venetian painter. He was born in 1696 and died in 1770. He is famous for the frescoes he painted.
*Girolamo Savonarola
Girolamo_Savonarola was an Italian religious reformer. He was born in 1452 at Ferrara and died in 1498 when he was hanged for criticising Pope Alexander_VI. 
*Girolamo Savonarola
Girolamo_Savonarola was an Italian religious and political reformer. He was born in 1452 and died in 1498. 
*Giuseppe Garibaldi
Giuseppe_Garibaldi was an Italian patriot and liberator. He was born in 1807 and died in 1882. 
*Giuseppe Mazzini
Giuseppe_Mazzini was an Italian republican patriot and revolutionary. He was born in 1805 at Genoa and died in 1872. 
*Giuseppe Verdi
Giuseppe_Verdi was an Italian composer. He was born in 1813 and died in 1901. He is famed for his operas, and achieved great success with Rigoletto in 1851, Il_Trovatore in 1853, and La_Traviata in 1855. He also wrote Otello in 1887 and Falstaff in 1893. 
*Gladiator
A gladiator was a Roman professional fighter. The first known instance of gladiators being exhibited was in 264 BC by Marcus and Decimus Brutus at the funeral of their father.  
*Glappa
Glappa was king of Bernicia in 567.
*Glenn Miller
Alton_Glenn_Miller was an American composer and band leader. He was born in 1904 and died in 1944. His dance band became one of the most popular in the world. 
*Goebbels
Goebbels was the propaganda minister of the nazis. 
*Golden Horde
The Golden Horde were originally a powerful Mongol tribe, the name however became applied to all followers of Gengis Khan and of his grandson, Batu. 
*Gonds
The Gonds are the aboriginal, non-Aryan inhabitants of the old territorial division of India called Gondwana. They lost their independence in 1781 to the Mahrattas. 
*Gonfalonier
Gonfalonier or Standard Bearer of Justice, was a subordinate office in Florence instituted in 1292. It became paramount in the 15th century and was suppressed in 1532 when the constitution was changed.
*Gormo the Old
Gormo_the_Old was queen of Denmark in 883 and reigned for 53 years.
*Goths
The Goths (Visigoths) were an east Germanic people that settled near the black sea in the 2nd century ad.
*Gottfried Leibniz
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz was a German philosopher. He was born in 1646 at Leipzig and died in 1716. He wrote Monadology and Principles Of Nature. He discovered calculus. 
*Goya
Francisco Jose de Goya Y Lucientes was a Spanish painter. He was born in 1746 and died in 1828.
*Grace Darling
Grace_Darling was born in 1815 at Bamborough and died in 1842. She was the daughter of a lighthouse keeper at Longstone. On September 7th 1838 she and her father rowed out to a rock and rescued nine survivors from the wreck of the Forfashire. For this she was awarded a gold medal by the Humane Society.
*Graham Greene
Graham_Greene is a British author. He was born in 1904. Robert Greene was an English dramatist and poet. He was born in 1558 and died in 1592. 
*Graham Sutherland
Graham_Sutherland is an English painter. 
*Greek
A Greek is an inhabitant of Greece.
*Gregor Mendel
Gregor Johann Mendel was an Austrian priest and natural historian. He was born in 1822 at Mahren and died in 1884. 
*Gregory Rasputin
Gregory_Rasputin was a Russian courtier. He was born in 1871 in Siberia and died in 1916 when he was assassinated by members of the Court. 
*Grinling Gibbons
Grinling_Gibbons was an English woodcarver. He was born in 1648 at Rotterdam and died in 1720. Orlando Gibbons was an English composer. He was born in 1583 and died in 1625.
*Guebres
Guebres was a name given to the descendants of the fire-worshippers of Persia by their Arab conquerors in the 7th century. 
*Guglielmo Marconi
Guglielmo_Marconi was an Italian scientist. He was born in 1874 at Bologna and died in 1937. He invented the wireless set. In 1901 he sent a wireless signal between Cornwall and Newfoundland.
*Gustav Froding
Gustav_Froding was a Swedish poet. He was born in 1860 and died in 1911. 
*Gustav Holst
Gustav_Holst was an English composer. He was born in 1874 at Cheltenham and died in 1934.
*Gustav Mahler
Gustav_Mahler was a Czech-Austrian composer. He was born in 1860 at Kalischt and died in 1911. 
*Gustave Courbet
Gustave_Courbet was a French painter. He was born in 1819 at Ornans and died in 1877.
*Gustave Flaubert
Gustave_Flaubert was a French novelist. He was born in 1821 and died in 1880. He had an unusual writing style in that he insisted that every word should be the most apt and every phrase exact. This meant it often took him a week to write one page.
*Gutenburg
Johann Gutenburg was a German printer. He was born in 1397 at Mainz and died in 1468. In 1454 he published the first bible using metal types.
*Guy Burgess
Guy Francis DeMoncy Burgess was Executive Officer of the British Foreign Office. He defected to the Russians with Donald Maclean in 1951.
*Guy de Maupassant
Guy_de_Maupassant was a French writer. He was born in 1850 at Fecamp and died in 1893. He primarily wrote short stories. 
*Guy Fawkes
Guy_Fawkes was a Yorkshire catholic and one of the conspirators in the gunpowder plot. He was captured in the cellar of the houses of parliament, tried and executed. He was born in 1570, dying in 1606.
*Guy Fawkes
Guy_Fawkes was the English conspirator who tried to blow up Parliament during the Gunpowder Plot in 1604. He was born in 1570 and died in 1606.
*H.G. Wells
Herbert George_Wells was an English writer. He was born in 1866 at Bromley and died in 1946. Although he wanted to be a teacher, bad health meant he couldn't so he turned to writing. He wrote ''The Invisible Man'', ''The Time Machine'' and ''The War Of The Worlds''. 
*Haakon VII
Haakon_VII was King of Norway from 1905 to 1957. He was born in 1872, dying in 1957. He was a brave man who resisted the nazi occupation of Norway during the second world war.
*Haarlem Ostade
Haarlem_Ostade was a Dutch painter born in 1610, he died in 1685. He was a pupil of Franz Hals and was later influenced by Rembrandt. Isaac Ostade was a Dutch painter born in 1621 and died in 1649.
*Hadley
George_Hadley developed Halley's theory of trade winds by taking into account the earth's rotation and the displacement of air by tropical heat. He was born in 1685, dying in 1768. 
*Hadrian
Hadrian was a Roman emperor. He was born in 76, dying in 138. He visited England in 121 and built a protective wall to separate England from Scotland. 
*Haggard
Sir Henry Rider Haggard was an English novelist. He was born in 1856 and died in 1925. He wrote King Solomon's Mines.
*Hahn
Otto Hahn was a German physical chemist who discovered nuclear fission. He was born in 1879 and died in 1968.
*Haig
Douglas Haig was a British soldier. He was born in 1861 and died in 1928. He was commander-in-chief of the British troops in France during the Great War.
*Haile Selassie
Haile_Selassie was Emperor of Ethiopia and figure head of the Rastafarian movement, although he knew nothing about that! He was born in 1891.
*Hakluyt
Richard Hakluyt was an English geographer. He was born in 1552 and died in 1616. 
*Halley
Edmund Halley was Astronomer Royal from 1720. He was born in 1656 and died in 1742. He calculated the orbit of the comet named after him.
*Hals
Franz Hals was a Dutch portrait painter. He was born in 1580 and died in 1666. 
*Han
The Han are the majority ethnic group in China, numbering about 990 million. The Hans speak a wide variety of dialects of the same monosyllabic language, a member of the Sino-Tibetan family. Their religion combines Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism, and ancestor worship. 
*Handel
George_Frederick Handel was an Anglo-German composer. He was born in 1685 and died in 1759.
*Hannibal
Hannibal was a Carthaginian leader. He was born in 247 BC and died in 183 BC after taking poison to avoid capture by the Romans. 
*Hans Holbein
Hans_Holbein was a German portrait and religious painter. He was born in 1497 at Augsburg and died in 1543.
*Hans Memling
Hans_Memling was a Flemish religious painter. He was born in 1430 and died in 1494.
*Hans Sachs
Hans_Sachs was a German poet. He was born at Nuremberg in 1494, dying in 1576. 
*Hardicanute
Hardicanute was king of Denmark in 803.
Hardicanute (Canute_II) was a son of Canute and King of England from 1040 to 1042, and king of Denmark in 1014.
*Hardie
James Keir Hardie was a British labour leader. He was born in 1856 and died in 1915. He founded the Independent Labour Party in 1893.
*Hardy
Thomas_Hardy was an English author. He was born in 1840 at Dorchester and died in 1928. He wrote The Mayor of Casterbridge.
*Hargreaves
James Hargreaves was a Lancashire weaver who invented the spinning-jenny.
*Harmonists
The Harmonists were a religious sect founded at Wurtemberg in 1788 by George and Frederick Rapp. They endeavoured to re-establish the social practices of the early Christian church, practising celibacy and holding all goods in common. They were persecuted and so moved to America in 1805. 
*Harold
Harold was son of Canute and was King of England from 1035 to 1040.
*Harold Blue Tooth
Harold_Blue_Tooth was king of Denmark in 941.
*Harold Macmillan
Harold_Macmillan was a British Conservative statesman. He was born in 1894. He became an MP in 1924. He became Prime Minister in 1957 following Eden's resignation over the Suez canal crisis. 
*Harold Pinter
Harold_Pinter is a British playwright. He was born in 1930 in London. His plays include The Caretaker and The Birthday Party.
*Harold the Simple
Harold_the_Simple was king of Denmark in 1076. 
*Harold Wilson
James Harold Wilson was a British labour statesman and Prime Minister. He was born in 1916. He entered parliament in 1945. He became Prime minister in 1964. 
*Haroun-Al-Raschid
Haroun-Al-Raschid was Caliph of Baghdad. He was born in 764 and died in 809. 
*Harriet Stowe
Harriet_Beecher_Stowe was an American author. She was born in 1811, dying in 1896. Her book uncle tom's cabin was published in 1852 in which she exposed slavery.
*Harry Furniss
Harry_Furniss was a British caricaturist. He was born in 1854 at Wexford and died in 1925. He went to London as a young man where his drawings appeared in many leading illustrated periodicals. 
*Harry S. Truman
Harry_S._Truman was an American politician and President. He was born in 1884 in Missouri. In 1934 he was elected to the senate for the Democrats. In 1945 he became President when Roosevelt died. In 1948 he was re-elected President and in 1952 he retired from politics.
*Harry Vardon
Harry_Vardon was an English professional golfer. he was born in 1870 and was six times Open Champion in 1896, 1897, 1898, 1899, 1903, 1911 and 1914 and American Open Champion in 1900.
*Harte
Francis Bret Harte was an American poet. He was born in 1836 and died in 1902. 
*Haruspices
The Haruspices were priests or soothsayers of Etruscan origin, who foretold events from observing the entrails of animals. They were introduced to Rome by Romulus in around 750 BC and abolished by Constantine in 337. 
*Hausa
The Hausa are a Muslim people of north Nigeria.
*Hawkins
Sir John_Hawkins was an Elizabethan sailor. He was born in 1532 and died in 1595.
*Hawthorne
Nathaniel Hawthorne was an American writer. He was born in 1804 and died in 1864.
*Hazlitt
William_Hazlitt was an English writer. He was born in 1778 at Maidstone and died in 1830.
*Hector Munro
Hector Hugo Munro (Saki) was a British novelist. He was born in 1870 and died in 1916. 
*Hedui
The Hedui were a Celtic people of north-east France. They were subjugated by Julius_Caesar in 52 BC. In 21 an insurrection was quelled by Silius.
*Hegel
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel was a German philosopher. He was born in 1770 at Stuttgart and died in 1831. 
*Heine
Heinrich Heine was a German lyric poet. He was born in 1797 at Dusseldorf and died in 1856.
*Heinrich Hertz
Heinrich Rudolf Hertz was a German physicist. He was born in 1857, dying in 1895. He confirmed Maxwell's electromagnetic theory of waves and discovered information about their behaviour. The measurement of the frequency of radio waves is named after him. 
*Heinrich Ruhmkorff
Heinrich_Daniel_Ruhmkorff was a German electrician. He was born in 1803 and died in 1877. He invented a thermo-electric battery in 1844. 
*Heitor Villa-Lobos
Heitor_Villa-Lobos was a Brazilian composer. He was born in 1887 and died in 1959. 
*Hellene
Hellene is an alternate name for a Greek.
*Helmholtz
Hermann von Helmholtz was a German scientist. He was born in 1821 at Ptsdam and died in 1894. He discovered the law of the conservation of energy in 1847. 
*Helmuth Von Moltke
Helmuth_Johannes_Ludwig_Von_Moltke was a Prussian general. He was born in 1848 and died in 1916. He invented the German plan of campaign for the Great War.
*Helot
The helot were a class of slaves in ancient Sparta.
*Helvetii
The Helvetii were a people living in the area now called Switzerland around Roman times. They were persecuted by the Romans under Vitellius for refusing to acknowledge him as Emperor and were almost wiped out by Julius_Caesar in 58 BC near Geneva.
*Hendrik Conscience
Hendrik_Conscience was a Flemish novelist. He was born in 1812 at Antwerp and died in 1883. He wrote novels mainly dealing with the history of his country and provide accounts of everyday life in Belgium. 
*Hengist
Hengist was king of the Heptarchy in 454.
*Henri Barbusse
Henri_Barbusse was a French writer. He was born in 1874 and died in 1935.
*Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec
Henri_de_Toulouse-Lautrec was a French painter. He was born in 1864 at Albi and died in 1901.
*Henri Duparc
Henri_Duparc was a French composer. He was born in Paris in 1848. He died in 1933. 
*Henri Fantin-Latour
Henri_Fantin-Latour was a French painter. He was born in 1836 at Grenoble and died in 1904.
*Henri Matisse
Henri_Matisse was a French painter. He was born in 1869 at Le_Cateau and died in 1954. 
*Henri Sainte-Claire Deville
Henri Etienne Sainte-Claire Deville was a French chemist. He was born in 1818 and died in 1881. His principal works included the sodium method of preparing aluminium and researches on the platinum metals. His experiences with high temperature methods in this connection led to pioneering work on the artificial preparation of minerals and to his discovery of thermal dissociation. 
*Henrik Ibsen
Henrik_Ibsen was a Norwegian dramatist. He was born in 1828 at Skien and died in 1906. 
*Henry Cavendish
Henry_Cavendish was an English scientist who investigated the nature of gases. He was born in 1731, dying in 1810. 
*Henry Fielding
Henry_Fielding was an English writer. He was born in 1707 near Glastonbury and died in 1754. He wrote the novel Tom Jones. 
*Henry Ford
Henry_Ford was the founder of the Ford motor car company and the pioneer of the cheap motor car. 
*Henry Fuseli
Henry_Fuseli was a Swiss artist. He was born in 1741 at Zurich and died in 1825. He was a friend to William_Blake, and was keeper of the Royal Academy from 1804 until 1825. 
*Henry Hudson
Henry_Hudson was an English sailor and explorer. He discovered the Hudson river and Hudson straight. 
*Henry I
Henry was a son of William_The_Conqueror and King of England from 1101 to 1135.
*Henry II
Henry_II was King of England from 1154 to 1189.
*Henry III
Henry_III was King of England from 1216 to 1272. 
*Henry IV
Henry_IV was King of England from 1399 to 1413.
*Henry James
Henry_James was an American writer. He was born in 1843 and died in 1916.
*Henry Moore
Henry_Moore is an English sculptor. He was born in 1898 at Castleford. 
*Henry Palmerston
Henry John_Temple Palmerston was an English statesman. He was born in 1784 in Hampshire and died in 1865. He became Conservative MP for Newport in 1807 but in 1828 switched sides to the Liberals.
*Henry Purcell
Henry_Purcell was an English composer born in London in 1659. He died in 1695. 
*Henry Shrapnel
Henry_Shrapnel was an English inventor. He was born in 1761 and died in 1842. He invented the shrapnel shell which was adopted by the British army in 1803.
*Henry Thoreau
Henry David_Thoreau was an American naturalist and writer. He was born in 1817 at Concord and died in 1862. He wrote Walden. 
*Henry V
Henry_V was King of England from 1413 to 1422. 
*Henry Vaughan
Henry_Vaughan was a Welsh religious poet. He was born in 1622 and died in 1695.
*Henry VI
Henry_VI was son of Henry_V and King of England from 1422 to 1461. 
*Henry VII
Henry_VII was King of England from 1485 to 1509. 
*Henry VIII
Henry_VIII was King of England from 1509 to 1547.
*Henry Vizetelly
Henry_Vizetelly was an English writer. He was born in 1820 and died in 1894. He pioneered the illustrated press, starting the Pictorial Times in 1843, the Illustrated Times in 1855 and was Paris correspondent of the Illustrated London News in 1865. He wrote the novel The_Man_With_The_Iron_Mask in 1870.
*Henry Wace
Henry_Wace was an English churchman. He was born in 1836 and died in 1924. He was professor of ecclesiastic history at King's College, London in 1875 and principal in 1883. In 1903 he became dean of Canterbury. 
*Henryk Sienkiewicz
Henryk_Sienkiewicz was a Polish novelist. He was born in 1846 and died in 1916.
*Heodwulf
Heodwulf was king of Bernicia in 572.
*Heraclidae
The Heraclidae were descendants of Hercules, who were expelled from the Peloponnesus about 1200 BC, but reconquered it around 1100 BC. 
*Herbert Morrison
Herbert_Morrison was a British labour statesman. He was born in 1888, dying in 1965. He was home secretary during the second world war.
*Herbert Spencer
Herbert_Spencer was a British philosopher. He was born in 1820 at Derby and died in 1903.
*Herbert Vaughan
Herbert_Vaughan was Bishop of Salford and Archbishop of Westminster. He was born in 1832 and died in 1903. 
*Herman Melville
Herman_Melville was an American writer. He was born in 1819 at New_York and died in 1891. He wrote Moby Dick.
*Hermann Vezin
Hermann_Vezin was an American actor. He was born in 1829 and died in 1910. He was principally associated with Shakespearean parts, and first appeared on the English stage in 1850. In addition, he was a teacher of elocution and wrote a book entitled ''My Masters''. 
*Hermenric
Hermenric was king of the Heptarchy in 542 and a son of Octa.
*Hernando Cortes
Hernando_Cortes was a Spanish adventurer. He was born in 1488, dying in 1547. In 1511 he took part in the conquest of Cuba and in 1518 he captured Mexico for Spain, and destroyed the ancient civilisation there. 
*Herodotus
Herodotus was a Greek historian. He was born in 484 BC and died in 420 BC. 
*Heruli
The Heruli were an ancient Germanic people, originally found on the northern shores of the Black_Sea. Under the leadership of Odoacer they helped in the overthrow of the Western Empire. Around the end of the 6th century they ceased to exist as a separate people. 
*Hesiod
Hesiod was a Greek poet who lived around 730 BC. 
*Hieronymus Fabricius
Hieronymus d'Aquapendente Fabricius was an Italian anatomist and the founder of modern embryology. He was born in 1537 and died in 1619. His experiments on the veins influenced his pupil William_Harvey. 
*Hilaire Belloc
Hilaire_Belloc was a French author born in 1870. In 1902 he became a British subject. He died in 1953. 
*Hipparchus
Hipparchus was a Greek astronomer. He was born in 190 BC and died in 120 BC. He compiled the first known star catalogue. 
*Hippocrates
Hippocrates was a Greek doctor. He was born in 460 BC and died in 370 BC. He established medicine as a science.
*Hispanic
A Hispanic is a person of Latin American descent from the Spanish-speaking nations, either native-born or an immigrant.
*Hittites
The Hittites were a civilisation in Syria and Asia Minor around 2000 BC until 700 BC.
*Hmong
A Hmong is a member of a south east Asian highland people. They are predominantly hill farmers, rearing pigs and cultivating rice and grain, and many are involved in growing the opium poppy. Estimates of the size of the Hmong population vary between 1.5 million and 5 million, the greatest number being in China. Although traditional beliefs remain important, many have adopted Christianity. Their language belongs to the Sino-Tibetan family. The Hmong wear distinctive costumes and elaborate silver jewellery. They are relatively recent arrivals on the south east Asian peninsula, many having moved south in order to avoid harassment by Chinese emperors. Today the Hmong live in China (Guizhou, Yunnan, Hunan), Laos, Thailand, Vietnam, and Myanmar.
*Homer
Homer was an ancient Greek poet. 
*Honore Daumier
Honore_Daumier was a French painter and cartoonist. He was born in 1808 at Marseilles and died in 1879. He produced almost 4000 lithographs. 
*Hopewell
Hopewell is a North_American Indian agricultural culture of the central USA, dating from about 200. The Hopewell built burial mounds up to 12 m high and structures such as Serpent Mound in Ohio. 
*Hopi
The Hopi are a north American Indian tribe living in Arizona.
*Horace Saussure
Horace_Saussure was a Swiss physicist born at Conches in 1740 he died in 1799. He invented the hygrometer. 
*Horace Walpole
Horace_Walpole was a British Politician. He was born in 1717 and died in 1797. He made a large fortune mainly from lucrative sinecure officers and this enabled him to purchase his villa at Strawberry_Hill and set his printing press there. 
*Horatio Bottomley
Horatio_Bottomley was an English politician and financier. He was born in 1860, dying in 1933. He was imprisoned for fraud.
*Horatio Kitchener
Horatio Herbert Kitchener was a British military leader. He was born in 1850 and died in 1916 on board the HMS Hampshire when the ship struck a mine and sank. He was commander-in-chief during the Boer war. He was secretary for war during the Great War. 
*Horatio Nelson
Horatio_Nelson was an English naval commander. He was born in 1758 and died in 1805 from a sniper's gunshot at the battle of Trafalgar. Oddly, he suffered from sea sickness!
*Hottentot
The Hottentot are a south African tribe. 
*Hovas
The Hovas are a native race of Madagascar. 
*Hubert Van Eyck
Hubert_Van_Eyck was born in 1370 and died in 1426. With his brother Jan he founded the Flemish school of painting. 
*Hugh Falconer
Hugh_Falconer was a British naturalist and palaeontologist. He was born in 1808 in Scotland and died in 1865.
*Hugh Latimer
Hugh_Latimer was an English Protestant martyr. He was born in 1485 near Leicester and died in 1555. He was burnt at the stake in Oxford for being a heretic. 
*Hugh Walpole
Hugh_Seymour_Walpole was an English novelist. He was born in 1884 the son of the Bishop of Edinburgh and served with the Russian Red Cross in the Great_War. 
*Huguenots
The Huguenots were French Protestants who suffered persecution from the Catholics for 200 years. 
*Hui
The Hui are one of the largest minority ethnic groups in China, numbering about 25 million. Members of the Hui live all over China, but are concentrated in the northern central region. They have been Muslims since the 10th century.
*Humphrey Bogart
Humphrey_Bogart was an American actor. He was born in 1899 and died in 1957. His fourth wife was Lauren_Bacall.
*Huron
Huron is a nickname for a member of a confederation of five Iroquoian North_American Indian peoples living near lakes Huron, Erie, and Ontario in the 16th and 17th centuries. They were almost wiped out by the Iroquois. In the 17th century, surviving Hurons formed a group called Wyandot, some of whose descendants now live in Quebec and Oklahoma. 
*Hutu
The Hutu are the majority ethnic group of both Burundi and Rwanda, numbering around 9,500,000. The Hutu tend to live as peasant farmers. Traditionally they have been dominated by the Tutsi minority; there is a long history of violent conflict between the two groups. The Hutu language belongs to the Bantu branch of the Niger-Congo family.
*Hycsos
The Hycsos (Hykshos) or Shepherd Kings, were wandering tribes of Semitic descent who conquered Egypt in 2100 BC and were driven out some five hundred years later. 
*Hyder Ali
Hyder_Ali was a distinguished Indian Prince. He was born in 1728 to a general in the service of the Rajah of Mysore. He died in 1782 during a war with the British.
*Hykshos
#Hycsos
*Iban
Iban is a replacement term for Dyak. 
*Ibo
The Ibo are a west African culture group occupying south east Nigeria and numbering about 18,000,000. Primarily cultivators, they inhabit the richly forested tableland, bounded by the river Niger to the west and the river Cross to the east. They are divided into five main groups, and their languages belong to the Kwa branch of the Niger-Congo family. 
*Ida
Ida was a valiant Saxon king of Northumbria in 547.
*Ifugao
The Ifugao are an indigenous people of north Luzon in the Philippines, numbering approximately 70,000. In addition to practising shifting cultivation on highland slopes, they build elaborate terraced rice fields. Their language belongs to the Austronesian family. The Ifugao live in scattered hamlets and traditionally recognise a class of nobles, kadangya, who are obliged to provide expensive feasts on particular social occasions. Although indigenous beliefs remain, many Ifugao have adopted Christianity. 
*Ignance Paderewski
Ignance Jan Paderewski was a Polish musician. He was born in 1860 at Kurilowka and died in 1941. 
*Igor Stravinsky
Igor_Stravinsky was a Russian composer. He was born in 1882, dying in 1971. He wrote several ballets.
*Immanuel Kant
Immanuel_Kant was a German philosopher. He was born at Konigsberg in 1724 and died in 1804. He wrote ''Critique of Pure Reason'' and ''Critique of Practical Reason''. 
*Ina
Ina was King of the West Saxons. He ascended to the throne in 689. In 728 he resigned his crown and went on pilgrimage to Rome. He was renowned as a brave and wise ruler who left behind a code of laws.
*Inca
The Inca were an Indian tribe of Peru. 
*Indulf
Indulf was King of Scotland from 954 to 962. 
*Inigo Jones
Inigo_Jones was an English architect. He was born in 1573 and died in 1652.
*Inuit
The Innuit are a people inhabiting the Arctic coasts of North_America, the east islands of the Canadian Arctic, and the ice-free coasts of Greenland. Inuktitut, their language, has about 60,000 speakers; it belongs to the Eskimo-Aleut group. The Inuit object to the name Eskimos given them by the Algonquin Indians.
*Irish
The Irish are people of Irish culture from Ireland or person of Irish descent. The Irish mainly speak English, though there are approximately 30,000-100,000 speakers of Irish Gaelic, a Celtic language belonging to the Indo-European family.
Celtic tribes, the ancestors of the Irish, migrated to Ireland about 300 BC. Later known as Gaels (Irishmen), they settled on the Isle of Man and south west Scotland, and established colonies in west Wales, Devon, and Cornwall.
*Irish Invincibles
The Irish Invincibles were a secret society established in Dublin in 1881 with the purpose to make history by killing tyrants. Each member was bound to obey orders, under pain of death.
*Iroquois
The Iroquois were a confederacy of 6 north American Indian tribes including the Mohawks, Oneidas and Senecas. They lived on the shores of the Mohawk river, and spread through to the Mississippi. Their expansion was checked by white settlers who wiped out several of the tribes and imprisoned others on squalid reservations.
*Isaac Singer
Isaac Merritt Singer was an American engineer. He was born in 1811 and died in 1875. He developed and patented a single-thread and chain-stitching sewing machine. 
*Isaac Watts
Isaac_Watts was an English poet and hymn-writer. he was born in 1674 and died in 1748. 
*Iskandar Bey
#Skanderbeg
*Israeli
An Israeli is an inhabitant of Israel. 
*Ivan Mazeppa
Ivan Stepanovich Mazeppa was a Cossack nobleman. He was born in 1644, dying in 1709. He fought for independence for the Ukraine from Russia. 
*Ivan Pavlov
Ivan Petrovich Pavlov was a Russian psychologist. He was born in 1849 at Ryazan and died in 1936. He conducted work into conditioned reflexes using dogs.
*Ivan Turgenev
Ivan Sergeievitch Turgenev was a Russian novelist. He was born in 1818 at Orel and died in 1883. He wrote ''A Sportsman's Sketches'' in 1852 which dealt with country life and the plight of Russian serfs.
*Ivan Vasoff
Ivan_Vasoff was a Bulgarian novelist and poet. He was born in 1850. He developed and beautified the modern Bulgarian language. 
*Izaak Walton
Izaak_Walton was an English writer. He was born in 1593 at Stafford and died in 1683. He wrote ''The Compleat Angler'', the first English nature book. 
*J. J. Thomson
J._J._Thomson was an English scientist. He was born in 1856 at Cheetham and died in 1940. He won the Nobel prize for physics in 1906.
*Jack Sheppard
Jack_Sheppard was an English criminal. He was born in 1702 and hanged in 1724 at Tyburn. He was a workhouse child who abandoned his apprenticeship and took up robbery. He escaped from prison many times, most notably escaping from the condemned cell in Newgate in 1724. 
*Jacob Jordaens
Jacob_Jordaens was a Dutch artist. He was born in 1593 at Antwerp and died in 1678.
*Jacob Ruisdael
Jacob_van_Ruisdael was a Dutch painter. He was born in 1628 in Haarlem and died in 1682. 
*Jacobites
The Jacobites were people who wanted the return of the Stuart monarchy after the expulsion of James II by William_III. 
*Jacobus Van't Hoff
Jacobus_Hendricus_Van't_Hoff was a Dutch chemist. He was born in 1852 and died in 1911. He investigated oceanic salt deposits, stereoisomerism, mass action and contributed to the theory of solution. 
*Jacopo Robusti
#Tintoretto
*Jacqueline du Pre
Jacqueline_du_Pre was an English cellist. She was born in 1945 and died in 1987. 
*Jacques Cousteau
Jacques-Yves Cousteau is a French underwater explorer. He was born in 1910. He has pioneered aqualung diving and made numerous television documentaries. 
*Jacques Louis David
Jacques_Louis_David was a French historical painter. He was born in 1748 and died in 1825. 
*Jacques Offenbach
Jacques_Offenbach was a German composer. He was born in 1819, dying in 1880. He wrote the opera tales of hoffmann. 
*Jacques Thibaud
Jacques_Thibaud was a French violinist. He was born in 1880, dying in an air crash in 1953.
*Jakob Grimm
Jakob Ludwig Karl Grimm was a German philologist. He was born in 1785 and died in 1863. Wilhelm Karl Grimm was a German philologist. He was born in 1786 and died in 1859. Together with his brother Jakob they wrote a book of fairy tales. 
*James Boswell
James_Boswell was a British biographer. He was born in 1740 and died in 1795. He wrote ''The Life of Samuel Johnson, LL.D.''.
*James Bowdoin
James_Bowdoin was an American statesman. He was born in 1727 at Boston and died in 1790. In 1785 he was appointed governor of Massachusetts. 
*James Brindley
James_Brindley was an English engineer. He was born in 1716 and died in 1772. He built the Bridgewater Canal in 1758 and the Grand Trunk Canal.
*James Clark Ross
James_Clark_Ross was an English admiral and Antarctic explorer. He was born in 1800, dying in 1862.
*James Connolly
James_Connolly was an Irish Socialist. He was born in 1870 and died in 1916. With James_Larkin he directed the great Dublin strike in 1913 which resulted in the formation of the Citizen Army. Connolly joined Sinn_Fein and was Commander-in-Chief in the Easter rising of 1916, where upon he was executed by the British.
*James Corbett
James_Corbett (Gentleman Jim) was an American boxer. He was born in 1866 and died in 1933. He won the Heavyweight Championship of the World in 1892 beating John_Sullivan. 
*James Destri
James_Destri played keyboards with the 70's punk rock band Blondie.
*James Fenimore Cooper
James_Fenimore_Cooper was an American novelist. He was born in 1789, dying in 1851. He wrote the last of the Mohicans and the Deerslayer.
*James Ferrier
James Frederick Ferrier was a Scottish philosopher. He was born in 1808 in Edinburgh and died in 1864. 
*James Flecker
James Elroy Flecker was an English poet. He was born in 1884 at London and died in 1915. 
*James Gillray
James_Gillray was an English artist and caricaturist. He was born in 1757 and died in 1815.
*James Hilton
James_Hilton was an English writer. He was born in 1900. He wrote goodbye Mr Chips.
*James I
James_I was King of Scotland from 1424 to 1437. James_I was King of England from 1603 to 1625. 
*James II
James_II was King of Scotland from 1437 to 1460. James_II was King of England from 1685 to 1688. 
*James III
James_III was King of Scotland from 1460 to 1488.
*James IV
James_IV was King of Scotland from 1488 to 1513. 
*James Joule
James Prescott Joule was an English scientist. He was born in 1818 at Salford and died in 1889. He studied the relationship between heat and mechanical work.
*James Joyce
James_Joyce was an Irish writer. He was born in 1882 at Dublin and died in 1941. He wrote Ulysses and Finnegan's Wake. 
*James Macdonald
James Ramsay Macdonald was a British politician. He was born in 1866 at Lossiemouth and died in 1937. In 1911 he became leader of the Labour party.
*James Maxwell
James Clerk Maxwell was a Scottish mathematician. He was born in 1831 at Edinburgh and died in 1879. He created an electro-magnetic theory of light. 
*James Monroe
James_Monroe was the 5th president of the USA. He was born in Virginia in 1758 and died in 1831. 
*James Sant
James_Sant was an English portrait painter. He was born in 1820 and died in 1916. He was elected to the Royal Academy in 1870 but resigned in 1914.
*James V
James_V was King of Scotland from 1513 to 1542.
*James VI
James_VI was King of Scotland from 1567 to 1625. 
*James Watt
James_Watt was a Scottish inventor. He was born in 1736 at Greenock and died in 1819. He invented the modern steam-engine. 
*James Whistler
James Abbott McNeill Whistler was an American artist. He was born in 1834 at Lowell and died in 1903.
*James Wolfe
James_Wolfe was an English soldier. He was born in 1727 at Westerham and died in 1759 at the battle of Abraham which his forces none-the-less won and thus secured Canada for the British from the French. 
*Jan Sibelius
Jan_Sibelius was a Finnish composer. He was born in 1865 at Tavastehus and died in 1958. 
*Jan Smuts
Jan Christiaan Smuts was a South_African statesman. H was born in 1870 and died in 1950. He was South_African Prime Minister from 1919 until 1924. 
*Jan Steen
Jan Havicksz Steen was a Dutch artist. He was born in 1626 the son of a Leyden brewer and died in 1679. He is renowned for his renderings of tavern scenes and working class festivals.
*Jan Van Eyck
Jan_Van_Eyck was born in 1390 and died in 1441.
*Jan Vermeer
Jan_Vermeer was a Dutch painter. He was born in 1632 at Delft and died in 1675.
*Jane Austen
Jane_Austen was an English author. She was born in Hampshire in 1775. She died in 1817.
*Jane Barlow
Jane_Barlow was an Irish novelist. She was born in 1860 and died in 1917. Her works are renowned for their depiction of the Irish peasantry. 
*Jane Shore
Jane_Shore was a mistress of Edward_IV. She left her husband, William_Shore a goldsmith by trade, for the English court in 1470. She was popular at court and amongst the people and gained considerable influence over the King and, after his death, the Marquess of Dorset and William_Hastings. The Duke_of_Gloucester (later Richard_III) had her accused of sorcery and publicly punished. She died in poverty in 1527.
*Jat
The Jat are an ethnic group living in Pakistan and north India, and numbering about 11 million; they are the largest group in north India. The Jat are predominantly farmers. They speak Punjabi, a language belonging to the Iranian branch of the Indo-European family. They are thought to be related to the Romany people. 
*Javanese
The Javanese are the largest ethnic group in the Republic of Indonesia. There are more than 50 million speakers of Javanese, which belongs to the western branch of the Austronesian family. Although the Javanese have a Hindu-Buddhist heritage, they are today predominantly Muslim, practising a branch of Islam known as Islam Jawa, which contains many Sufi features
In pre-independence Indonesia, Javanese society was divided into hierarchical classes ruled by sultans, and differences in status were reflected by strict codes of dress. Arts and crafts flourished at the court. Although the majority of Javanese depend on the cultivation of rice in irrigated fields, there are many large urban centres with developing industries.
*Jawaharial Nehru
Jawaharial_Nehru was an Indian politician. He was born in 1889 and died in 1964. He dedicated himself to liberating India from British rule and then addressing the problem of poverty in India. 
*Jean Alibert
Jean Louis Baron Alibert was a French physician. He was born in 1766 and died in 1837. He was chief physician at the Hospital St. Louis. 
*Jean Anouilh
Jean_Anouilh was a French dramatist. He was born in 1910 and died in 1987. 
*Jean Baptiste Lully
Jean_Baptiste_Lully was a French composer. He was born in 1632 at Florence and died in 1687. 
*Jean Champollion
Jean_Francis_Champollion was a French scholar. He was born in 1790 and died in 1832. He deciphered Egyptian hieroglyphic writing from studying the Rosetta Stone.  
*Jean Chardin
Jean_Baptiste_Simeon_Chardin was a French painter. He was born in 1699 and died in 1779. He painted still lives and interior scenes. 
*Jean Cocteau
Jean_Cocteau was a French actor, poet, film director and play write. He wrote the book Les Enfants Terribles. He was born in 1891 and died in 1963.  
*Jean Corot
Jean Baptiste Corot was a French landscape painter. He was born in 1796, dying in 1875.
*Jean Darlan
Jean_Darlan was a French admiral. He was c-in-c of the French navy from 1939 until 1940. He took part in the evacuation of Dunkirk. He later became pro-German and was assassinated by a fellow Frenchman in 1942. 
*Jean Delambre
Jean Baptiste Joseph Delambre was a French astronomer. He was born in 1749 in Amiens and died in 1822. 
*Jean Delavigne
Jean Francois Casimir Delavigne was a French poet and dramatist. He was born in 1793 at Havre and died in 1843.
*Jean Falguiere
Jean Alexandre Joseph Falguiere was a French sculptor and painter. He was born in 1831 at Toulouse and died in 1900. 
*Jean Foucault
Jean Bernard Leon Foucault was a French physicist. He was born in 1819, dying in 1868. He invented a pendulum to demonstrate the rotation of the earth by the rotation of its plane of oscillation.
*Jean Fouquet
Jean_Fouquet was a French painter. He was born in 1420 at Tours and died in 1482. He was court painter to Charles_VIII from 1475.
*Jean Fragonard
Jean Honore Fragonard was a French painter. He was born in 1732 and died in 1806.
*Jean Froissart
Jean_Froissart was a French chronicler. He was born in 1333 at Valenciennes and died in 1405.
*Jean Giraudoux
Jean_Giraudoux was a French poet, novelist and playwright. He was born in 1882 and died in 1944. 
*Jean Ingres
Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres was a French painter. He was born in 1780 at Montauban and died in 1867. He drew fine pencil portraits.
*Jean La Fontaine
Jean de La Fontaine was a French poet. He was born in 1621 and died in 1695. He wrote a number of popular fables.
*Jean Lamarck
Jean Baptiste Lamarck was a French naturalist. He was born in 1744 at Picardy and died in 1829. He catalogued invertebrates. 
*Jean Marat
Jean Paul Marat was a French revolutionary and scientist. He was born in 1743 at Boudry and died in 1793 when he was murdered in his bath by Charlotte Corday. 
*Jean Millet
Jean Francois Millet was a French painter. He was born in 1814 near Greville and died in 1875. 
*Jean Nicot
Jean_Nicot was French ambassador at the Portuguese court. He was born in 1530 and died in 1600. He was presented, in Portugal with some tobacco plant seeds. He introduced tobacco into France in 1560. The botanical name Nicotiana is derived from his name. 
*Jean Racine
Jean_Racine was a French dramatist and poet. He was born in 1639 at La Ferte-Milon and died in 1699. 
*Jean Rousseau
Jean_Jacques_Rousseau was a French philosopher and writer. He was the pioneer of the Romantic Movement. He was born in 1712 and died in 1778. Henri Rousseau was a French painter. He was born in 1844 and died in 1910. 
*Jean-Antoine Houdon
Jean-Antoine_Houdon was a French sculptor. He was born in 1741 at Versailles and died in 1828. 
*Jean-Paul Sartre
Jean-Paul_Sartre is a French philosopher, playwright and novelist. He was born in 1905.
*Jean-Philippe Rameau
Jean-Philippe_Rameau was a French composer. He was born in 1683 and died in 1764.
*Jeanne D'Albret
Jeanne_D'Albret was Queen of Navarre and wife of Antoine de Bourbon. She was born in 1528 and died due to poisoning in 1572. 
*Jefferson Davis
Jefferson_Davis was President of the Confederate_States_of_America. He was born in 1808 at Kentucky and died in 1889. In 1857 he assumed the leadership of the South_Democrats. He was elected President in 1860 and organised an Army and Navy against the Union. In May 1865 he was captured by Union forces and imprisoned. Two years later he was released on bail and went to Canada. He was included in the 1868 amnesty and settled on his estate in Mississippi and wrote the book "The Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government" which was published in 1881.
*Jehan Vibert
Jehan_Georges_Vibert was a French artist and dramatist. He was born in 1840 and died in 1903. He was most successful as a genre painter but also executed fine decorative work for the Luxembourg. As a dramatist he wrote comedies. 
*Jeppe Aakjaer
Aaklaer Jeppe was a Danish poet and novelist. He was born in 1866 at Aakjaer and died in 1930.
He was a leading exponent of Danish regional literature best known for his poems, especially those collected in 'Free Fields' published in 1905 and 'Songs of the Rye' published in 1906. His early novels dealt with the harsh conditions endured by farm laborers.
*Jeremy Taylor
Jeremy_Taylor was a British theological writer. He was born in 1613 and died in 1667. He wrote ''Holy Living'; `Holy Dying''.
*Jerome Adolphe Blanqui
Jerome_Adolphe_Blanqui was a French economist. He was born in 1798 at Nice and died in 1854 in Paris. He was introduced to economics while studying medicine at Paris. He favoured a free-trade policy and wrote a number of works including ''Precis Elementaire d'Economie Politique''.
*Jew
The Jews are a Semitic race of people also known as the Hebrews and Israelites. Their early history is identified with Palestine, now Israel. The Jewish history is recorded in the Old_Testament. 
*Jewish
#Jew 
*Jews
#Jew 
*Jingo Party
Jingo Party was a name given in 1878 to persons who preferred war with Russia to submission to her agressive policy. 
*Jivaro
The Jivaro are a tribe of east Ecuador and north Peru. 
*Johan Jongkind
Johan Barthold Jongkind was a Dutch artist. He was born in 1819 at Latrop and died in 1891.
*Johann Albrechtsberger
Johann Georg Albrechtsberger was a German composer. He was born in 1736 and died in 1809. he taught Beethoven and Moscheles amongst others.
*Johann Bach
Johann Sebastian Bach was a German composer. He was born at Eisenach in 1685. He died in 1750. 
*Johann Comenius
Johann_Amos_Comenius was a Czech educational reformer. He was born in 1592 at Moravia and died in 1671. He advised throughout Europe on the teaching of languages, suggesting that they should be taught by conversation and that pictures helped. 
*Johann Fichte
Johann Gottlieb Fichte was a German philosopher. He was born in 1762 at Rommenau and died in 1814. He was educated at Jena University and in 1794 became professor of philosophy at Jena.
*Johann Goethe
Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe was a German poet. He was born in 1749 and died in 1832.
*Johann Kepler
Johann_Kepler was a German astronomer. He was born in 1571 near Stuttgart and died in 1630. He studied the motion of planets and proved that planets move in an elliptical path with the sun at one focus. 
*Johann Strauss
Johann_Strauss was a 19th century Austrian composer. 
*Johann Uhland
Johann_Ludwig_Uhland was a German poet and ballad writer. He was born in 1787 and died 1862. 
*Johann Von Schiller
Johann Christoph Friedrich Von Schiller was a German dramatist and poet. He was born in 1759 in Wurttemberg and died in 1805.
*John
John was a son of Christian_I and king of Denmark in 1481. 
*John Acton
John_Emerich Edward Dalberg Acton was a British historian. He was born at Naples in 1834 and died in 1902. 
*John Barbour
John_Barbour was the father of Scottish poetry. He was born in 1316 and died in 1395.
*John Biddle
John_Biddle was an English Unitarian. He was born in 1615, dying in prison in 1662. He was imprisoned for his controversial writings.
*John Bunyan
John_Bunyan was a British prose writer. He was born in 1628 and died in 1688. He wrote ''The Pilgrim's Progress''. 
*John Cabot
John_Cabot was an Italian navigator. He was born in Genoa in 1450 and died in 1498. He discovered Newfoundland and Nova Scotia.
*John Calvin
John_Calvin was a Swiss religious reformer. He was born in 1509 and died in 1564. He was influenced by Martin_Luther and was instrumental in burning Servetus for denying the Trinity in 1553. 
*John Churchill
#Duke_of_Marlborough 
*John Clare
John_Clare was an English poet known as the "Northamptonshire Ploughboy Poet". He was born in 1793 in a gypsy camp and died in 1864. He started writing poetry in 1818, his first volume being issued in 1820. He reportedly went insane, and died in Northants County Asylum. 
*John Clifford
John_Clifford was an English Baptist minister. He was born in 1836 at Sawley and was educated for the ministry in Nottingham. He is famous for his opposition to the Education Act of 1902 and his advocacy of passive resistance in nonpayment of school rates by the Nonconformists. He died in 1923.
*John Cobb
John_Rhodes_Cobb was a British racing motorist. He established the world record of 394.2 mph at Bonneville Salt Flats, Utah in September 1947. 
*John Conington
John_Conington was an English classical scholar. He was born in 1825 and died in 1869. He was professor of Latin at Oxford from 1854 until 1869, and published translations of the Aeneid in octosyllabic verse, part of the Iliad in the Spenserian stanza, and the Odes, Satires, and Epistles of Horace.
*John Conolly
John_Conolly was an English physician. He was born in 1794 in Lincolnshire and died in 1866. He introduced a new form of treatment for the mentally ill, whereby mechanical restraints were no longer used.
*John Constable
John_Constable was an English landscape painter. He was born in 1776 at Suffolk and died in 1837.
*John Cotman
John Sell Cotman was an English painter and etcher. He was born in 1782 in Norwich and died in 1842. He is renowned for his water colour and oil landscapes and his etchings of architectural objects. 
*John Cozens
John Robert Cozens was an English water-colour artist. He was born in 1751 and died in 1799. He produced a number of unconventional impressionist landscapes.
*John Crome
John_Crome was an English landscape painter. He was born in 1599 at Norwich and died in 1821.
*John Dalton
John_Dalton was an English scientist. He was born in 1766, dying in 1844. He is famous for discovering atomic theory.
*John Davis
John_Davis was an English navigator. He was born in 1550 and died in 1605. He searched for a north-west passage, and discovered the Falkland_Islands in 1592. He was killed by Pirates near Singapore in 1605. 
*John Delane
John_Thaddeus Delane was editor of the Times newspaper. He was born in 1817 and died in 1879. He became editor in 1841 and remained until 1877. During his editorship the newspaper gained in influence and circulation. 
*John Dennis
John_Dennis was an English critic. He was born in 1657 and died in 1734. He was best known for his quarrels with Alexander_Pope. He wrote a stage tragedy for which he devised a form of stage thunder which was later used in a production of Macbeth, in response to which Dennis complained that they had stolen his thunder. Hence the origin of the term to steal one's thunder.
*John Donne
John_Donne was an English poet. He was born in 1573 at London and died in 1631.
*John Dowland
John_Dowland was an English lutanist and song writer. He was born in 1563 and died in 1626.
*John Dryden
John_Dryden was a British poet. He was born in 1631 and died in 1700.  
*John Duns Scotus
John_Duns Scotus was a Scottish philosopher. He was born in 1265 at Roxburghshire and died in 1308.
*John Ericsson
John_Ericsson was a Swedish-American engineer. He was born in 1803 and died in 1889. In 1836 he invented the screw-propeller.
*John Evelyn
John_Evelyn was an English diarist and friend of Pepys. He was born in 1620 and died in 1706.
*John Fell
John_Fell was an English Bishop. He was born in 1625 and died in 1686. He fought with the King during the Civil_War. 
*John Field
John_Field was an Irish composer. He was born in 1782 at Dublin and died in 1837. He gave his first public piano recital when he was nine. 
*John Flamsteed
John_Flamsteed was an English astronomer. He was born in 1646 and died in 1719. He is remembered for cataloguing the stars.
*John Flaxman
John_Flaxman was an English draughtsman, designer and sculptor. He was born in 1755 at York, and died in 1826. From 1775 he worked for 12 years as a designer to the pottery firm of Wedgwood. 
*John Fletcher
John_Fletcher was a British dramatist. He was born in 1579 and died in 1625. With Francis_Beaumont he wrote ''The Maid's Tragedy''.
*John Ford
John_Ford was a British dramatist. He was born in 1586 and died in 1640. He wrote ''The Broken Heart''.
*John Galsworthy
John_Galsworthy was a novelist. He was born in 1869, dying in 1933. He is famous for writing the Forsyte saga. 
*John Galt
John_Galt was a Scottish author of stories dealing with Scottish life. He was born in 1779 and died in 1839. 
*John Gay
John_Gay was an English dramatist. He was born in 1685 at Barnstaple and died in 1732. 
*John Huss
John_Huss was a Bohemian religious reformer. He was born in 1369 and died in 1415. 
*John I
John_I was King of England from 1199 to 1216. Augustus Edwin John was a British portrait painter. He was born in 1878 at Tenby and died in 1961. 
*John Ireland
John_Ireland was an English composer. He was born in 1879 at Bowden and died in 1962. He wrote a lot of music for the piano. 
*John Jefferies
John_Richard Jefferies was an English essayist and naturalist. He was born in 1848 near Swindon and died in 1883.  
*John Keats
John_Keats was an English poet. He was born in London in 1795 and died in 1821.
*John Knox
John_Knox was a Scottish reformer and preacher. He was born in 1505 at Giffordgate and died in 1572. 
*John Le Carre
John_Le Carre is the pen name of David_John_Cornwell, a British author of spy novels which include ''The Spy Who Came in from the Cold'' and ''Smiley's People''. He was born in 1931. 
*John Locke
John_Locke was a British philosopher. He was born in 1632 and died in 1704. He wrote ''An Essay Concerning Human Understanding''.
*John Logie Baird
John_Logie_Baird was a Scottish scientist. He pioneered television. He was born in 1888, dying in 1946.
*John Lydgate
John_Lydgate was a British poet. He was born in 1370 and died in 1451. He wrote ''Troy Book''. 
*John Lydon
John_Lydon (aka Johnny Rotten) was lead singer with the punk rock group the Sex Pistols, and then after they split up with Public Image Ltd. 
*John Lyly
John_Lyly was a British novelist and dramatist. He was born in 1554 and died in 1606.
He wrote ''Euphues: the Anatomy of Wit'' and also ''Euphues and His England''. 
*John Masefield
John_Masefield was an English writer. He was born in 1878 at Ledbury and died in 1967. 
*John McGeoch
John_McGeoch is guitar player with the rock group Public Image Ltd 
*John Mill
John_Stuart Mill was an English economist. He was born in 1806 at London and died in 1873. He defended the rights of the working class and supported the right of women to vote. 
*John Milton
John_Milton was an English writer. He was born in 1608 at London and died in 1674. He wrote Paradise Lost. 
*John Morley
John_Morley was the 1st viscount Morley. He was an English biographer and liberal politician. He was born in 1838, dying in 1923.
*John Napier
John_Napier was a Scottish mathematician. He was born in 1550 and died in 1617. He invented logarithms.
*John Newman
John_Henry Newman was a British theologian. He was born in 1801 at London and died in 1890.
*John Opie
John_Opie was an English painter. He was born in Cornwall in 1761 and died in 1807.
*John Osborne
John_James Osborne is a British playwright and actor. He was born in 1929. He wrote Look Back In Anger.
*John Oxenham
John_Oxenham was an English author of romantic novels and adventure stories. His works include ''John_of Gerisau'' and ''The Man Who Would Save The World''. 
*John Piper
John_Piper is an English painter born at Epsom in 1903.
*John Powys
John_Cowper Powys was an English writer. He was born in 1872, dying in 1964. 
*John Pym
John_Pym was an English parliamentary leader. He was born in 1584, dying in 1643. He opposed Charles_I.
*John Ray
John_Ray was an English naturalist. He was born in 1627, dying in 1705. He produced a classification of plants.
*John Rochester
John_Wilmot Rochester was an English poet and wit. He was born in 1648, dying in 1680. Rockefeller 
*John Rockefeller
John_Davison Rockefeller was an American who made a fortune from petroleum.
*John Ruskin
John_Ruskin was a British writer and art critic. He was born in 1819 in London and died in 1900. 
*John Skelton
John_Skelton was an English poet. He was born in 1460 at Diss and died in 1529.
*John Sousa
John_Philip Sousa was an American composer. He was born in 1854 at Washington and died in 1932. he is famous for his military marches. 
*John Steinbeck
John_Ernest Steinbeck was an American novelist. He was born in 1902 and died in 1968.
*John Synge
John_Millington Synge was an Irish dramatist. He was born in 1871 at Rathfarnham and died in 1909. 
*John Varley
John_Varley was an English water-colour painter. He was born in 1778 and died in 1842. He was a founder member of the Water-colour Society, formed in 1804 and a successful teacher. His paintings are mainly landscapes.
*John Walter
John_Walter was an English publisher. He was born in 1738 and died in 1812. He founded the Daily Universal register in 1785 which he renamed the Times in 1788 and firmly established. 
*John Wanamaker
John_Wanamaker was an American merchant. He was born in 1838 and died in 1922. He founded a famous department store in Philadelphia and New_York and was postmaster-general from 1889 to 1893. 
*John Wayne
John_Wayne (real name Marion Michael Morrison) was an American actor. He was born in 1907 and died of cancer in 1979. He is famous for his role in many classic westerns.
*John Webster
John_Webster was an English dramatist. He was born in 1580 and died in 1625. he wrote ''The White Devil'' and ''The Duchess of Malfi''.
*John Wesley
John_Wesley was an English preacher and the founder of the Methodist church. He was born in 1703 at Epworth and died in 1791.
*Johnny Rotten
#John_Lydon
*John_Baliol
John_Baliol was King of Scotland from 1292 to 1296.
*Jonathan Swift
Jonathan_Swift was an Irish writer. He was born in 1667 in Dublin and died in 1745. He wrote Gulliver's Travels which was an attack on the English society of the time.
*Jons Jakob Berzelius
Jons_Jakob_Berzelius was a Swedish chemist. He was born in 1779, dying in 1848. He was the founder of electrochemical theory and designed the system of chemical symbols still in use. 
*Jose Orozco
Jose Clemente Orozco was a Mexican painter. He was born in 1883 and died in 1949.
*Joseph Addison
Joseph_Addison was an English essayist and poet. He was born in 1672, dying in 1719. He was co-author of the spectator.
*Joseph Bosworth
Joseph_Bosworth was an English philologist. He was born in 1790 in Derbyshire and died in 1876. He studied the Anglo-Saxon language and wrote several works on it including ''Anglo-Saxon Grammar'' and ''Dictionary of the Anglo-Saxon Language''.
*Joseph Conrad
Joseph_Conrad was a British novelist. He was born in 1857 in the Ukraine and died in 1924. He spent twenty years at sea and then settled in Kent to work as a writer.
*Joseph Gay-Lussac
Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac was a French scientist. He was born in 1778 at St. Leonard and died in 1850. He worked in the field of gases.
*Joseph Le Fanu
Joseph Sheridan Le Fanu was an Irish writer of novels and short stories. He was born in 1814 and died in 1873. 
*Joseph Nollekens
Joseph_Nollekens was an English sculptor. He was born in 1737 and died in 1823.
*Joseph Priestley
Joseph_Priestley was an English chemist. He was born in 1733, dying in 1804. He worked on gasses and discovered oxygen as did Scheele. He moved to America in 1794.
*Joseph Pulitzer
Joseph_Pulitzer was an American newspaper proprietor and philanthropist. He was born in 1847 in Hungary and died in 1911.
*Joseph Turner
Joseph Mallord William_Turner was an English painter. He was born in 1775 in London and died in 1851.
*Joseph von Fraunhofer
Joseph_von_Fraunhofer was a German physicist. He was born in 1787 at Strasbourg and died in 1826.
*Josiah Wedgwood
Josiah_Wedgwood was an English potter. He was born in 1730 at Burslem and died in 1795. He founded the Wedgwood potteries. 
*Josip Tito
Josip_Tito was a Yugoslav revolutionary and military leader. He was born in 1892 in Croatia. He liberated Yugoslavia from the invading German armies during the Second_World_War.
*Ju
The Ju are the Bushmen people of Botswana. 
*Juan Boscan-Almogaver
Juan_Boscan-Almogaver was a Spanish poet. He was born in the late 15th century and died in 1540. He introduced Italian forms into Spanish poetry.
*Juan Fernandez
Juan_Fernandez was a Spanish navigator. He landed in Peru in 1570 and 30 days later Chile. He discovered the islands now named after him and made an unsuccessful attempt to found a colony. 
*Juan Peron
Juan_Peron is an Argentine army officer. He was president of Argentina from 1946 until 1955. 
*Jules Bastien-Lepage
Jules_Bastien-Lepage was a French painter. He was born in 1848 and died in 1884. His works include Sarah Bernhardt and Joan of Arc listening to the voices.
*Jules Laforgue
Jules_Laforgue was a French poet. He was born in 1860 and died in 1887. He was a pioneer of free verse.
*Jules Mazarin
Jules_Mazarin was a cardinal and French minister. He was born in Italy in 1602, dying in 1661. 
*Jules Verne
Jules_Verne was a French writer. He was born in 1828 at Nantes and died in 1905. He wrote ''Around the World in Eighty Days'', and ''Twenty Thousand Leagues Under The Sea''.
*Julius von Sachs
Julius_von_Sachs was a German botanist. He was born in 1832, dying in 1897. He demonstrated that chlorophyll is formed in chloroplasts only in light.
*Junto
Junto was a name given to the leaders of the whig party in the reigns of William_III and Anne, 1689 to 1714. 
*Justice Of The Peace
A Justice Of The Peace or JP is an unpaid magistrate who is not a lawyer. The office dates back to Edward I. 
*Justinian
Justinian was Emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire, Byzantium. He was born in 483 and died in 565.
*Jutes
The Jutes were a Teutonic race which invaded Britain between the 5th and 7th centuries.
*Jutes
The Jutes were a Germanic tribe which settled in Kent and the Isle of Wight, England in AD 449.
*Juvenal
Juvenal was a Roman satirist. He was born in 60 and died in 140. 
*K'ung Fu-tzu
#Confucius 
*Kabyle
The Kabyle are a group of Berber peoples of Algeria and Tunisia. They served as Zouave in the colonial French forces. Many Kabyles were notable in the fight for Algerian independence 1954-62. Their language belongs to the Afro-Asiatic family. 
*Kaffir
#Bantu 
*Kaiser William II
Kaiser William_II was the 3rd German Emperor. He was born in 1859 and died in 1941. He ascended to the throne in 1888. 
*Karen
The Karen are a group of south east Asian peoples, numbering 1.9 million. They live in east Myanmar (formerly Burma), Thailand, and the Irrawaddy delta. Their language belongs to the Thai division of the Sino-Tibetan family. 
*Karl Bottiger
Karl August Bottiger was a German archaeologist. He was born in 1760 and died in 1835. In 1814 he was appointed chief inspector of the museum of Antiquities in Dresden. 
*Karl Gauss
Karl Friedrich Gauss was a German mathematician. He was born in 1777 at Brunswick and died in 1855. He demonstrated that a circle can be divided into 17 equal arcs by elementary geometry.
*Karl Marx
Karl Heinrich Marx was a German philosopher and economist. He was born in 1818 at the Rhineland and died in 1883. Together with Engels he wrote the manifesto of the communist party in 1847.
*Karl von Clausewitz
Karl_von_Clausewitz was a Prussian general and military writer. He was born in 1780 and died in 1831. In 1832 his work Vom Krieg was published which deals with military strategy and greatly influenced subsequent warfare. 
*Kashmiri
The Kashmiri are native to the state of Jammu and Kashmir. 
*Kate Greenaway
Kate_Greenaway was an English artist and book-illustrator. She was born in 1846 and died in 1901.
*Kazakh
The Kazakh are a pastoral Kyrgyz people of Kazakhstan. Kazakhs also live in China (Xinjiang, Gansu, and Qinghai), Mongolia, and Afghanistan. There are 5-7 million speakers of Kazakh, a Turkic language belonging to the Altaic family. They are predominantly Sunni Muslim, although pre-Islamic customs have survived.
Kazakhs herd horses and make use of camels; they also keep cattle. Traditionally the Kazakhs lived in tents and embarked on seasonal migrations in search of fresh pastures. Collectivised herds were established in the 1920s and 1930s.
*Kekule
Kekule was a German scientist. He was born in 1829 at Darmstadt and died in 1896. He worked on the structure of carbon compounds.
*Kenelm
Kenelm was king of Mercia for five months in 819 until he was murdered by his sister Quendreda.
*Kenneth Grahame
Kenneth_Grahame was a Scottish author. He was born in 1859 and died in 1922. He wrote The Wind In The Willows. 
*Kenneth I
Kenneth_I was King of Scotland from 843 to 860.
*Kenneth II
Kenneth_II was King of Scotland from 971 to 995. 
*Kenneth III
Kenneth_III was King of Scotland from 997 to 1005. 
*Kenric
#Cynric
*Khmer
The Khmer are the largest ethnic group in Cambodia, numbering about 7 million. Khmer minorities also live in east Thailand and south Vietnam. The Khmer language belongs to the Mon-Khmer family of Austro-Asiatic languages.
The Khmers live mainly in agricultural and fishing villages under a chief. They practise Theravada Buddhism and trace descent through both male and female lines. Traditionally, Khmer society was divided into six groups: the royal family, the Brahmans (who officiated at royal festivals), Buddhist monks, officials, commoners, and slaves.
*Khoikhoi
The Khoikhoi (formerly Hottentot) are a people living in Namibia and the Cape Province of South_Africa, and numbering about 30,000. Their language is related to San (spoken by the Kung) and belongs to the Khoisan family. Like the Kung, the Khoikhoi once inhabited a wider area, but were driven into the Kalahari Desert by invading Bantu peoples and Dutch colonists in the 18th century. They live as nomadic hunter-gatherers, in family groups, and have animist beliefs. 
*Kierkegaard
Kierkegaard was a Danish philosopher. He was born in 1813 at Copenhagen and died in 1855.
*Kikuyu
The Kikuyu are an aboriginal people of central Kenya.
*Kim Philby
Harold ''Kim'' Philby was a high-level British diplomat and a senior intelligence officer. He defected to the Russians in 1963.
*King
A King is a male sovereign ruler of an independent state.
*Kipchack
The Kipchack are an Uzbeg tribe. 
*Kirghiz
The Kirghiz are a pastoral people numbering approximately 1.5 million. They inhabit the central Asian region bounded by the Hindu Kush, the Himalayas, and the Tian Shan mountains. The Kirghiz are Sunni Muslims, and their Turkic language belongs to the Altaic family.
The Kirghiz live in Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, China (Xinjiang), and Afghanistan (Wakhan corridor).
The highest political authority is traditionally entitled khan. During the winter the Kirghiz live in individual family yurts. In summer they come together in larger settlements of up to 20 yurts. They herd sheep, goats, and yaks, and use Bactrian camels for transporting their possessions. 
*Kit-Kat Club
The Kit-Kat Club was instituted in 1703 to promote the Protestant succession. It took its name from its dining at the house of Christopher_Kat, a pastry-cook, in King-street, Westminster. Among the members were the duke of Marlborough, Addison and Steele.
*Knud Rasmussen
Knud Johan Victor Rasmussen was a Danish arctic explorer. He was born in 1879 at Jakobshavn and died in 1933. He made a number of journeys into the arctic circle to study the lives of the Eskimos. 
*Komi
The Komi are a Finnish people living mainly in the tundra and coniferous forests of the autonomous republic of Komi in the north west Urals, Russia. They raise livestock, grow timber, and mine coal and oil. Their language, Zyryan, belongs to the Finno-Ugric branch of the Uralic family. 
*Konrad Rontgen
Konrad_Wilhelm_Rontgen was a German physicist who discovered x-rays. He was born in 1845, dying in 1923. 
*Kuli
The Kuli are an aboriginal Indian tribe. Their name led to the term Coolie which describes the class of unskilled labour in India and the Far East.
*Kung
The Kung (formerly Bushman) are a small group of hunter-gatherer peoples of the north east Kalahari, southern Africa, still living to some extent nomadically. Their language belongs to the Khoisan family. 
*Kurd
The Kurds are the Kurdish culture, living mostly in the Taurus and Sagros mountains of west Iran and north Iraq in the region called Kurdistan.
The Kurdish languages (Kurmanji, Sorani Kurdish, Gurano, and Zaza) are members of the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European family, and the Kurds are a non-Arab, non-Turkic ethnic group. The Kurds are predominantly Sunni Muslims, although there are some Shiites in Iran.
Kurds traditionally owe allegiance to their families, and larger groups are brought together under an agha, or lord. They are predominantly shepherds and farmers, cultivating a wide range of crops and fruit. National dress is still worn in the more mountainous regions and there is a strong tradition of poetry and music. Kurdish professionals are found in many Middle Eastern cities. 
*Kurt Eisner
Kurt_Eisner was a Bavarian journalist and revolutionary. He was born in 1867 and died in 1919. After the revolution of 1918 be became head of a Communist Government in Bavaria, but was murdered in 1919. 
*Labourite
A Labourite is a member of the British Labour Party. 
*Lanista
A lanista was a man who purchased and looked after gladiators. 
*Lao
The Lao are a people who live along the Mekong river system in Laos (2 million) and north Thailand (9 million). The Lao language is a member of the Sino-Tibetan family. The majority of Lao live in rural villages. During the wet season, May-Oct, they grow rice in irrigated fields, though some shifting or swidden cultivation is practised on hillsides. Vegetables and other crops are grown during drier weather. The Lao are predominantly Buddhist though a belief in spirits, phi, is included in Lao devotions. There are some Christians among the minority groups.
*Lao Tsze
Lao_Tsze was a Chinese philosopher who wrote the Tao Te Ching. He lived around 590 BC. 
*Laotian
The Laotian are an Indo-Chinese people who live along the Mekong river system. There are approximately 9 million Laotians in Thailand and 2 million in Laos. The Laotian language is a Thai member of the Sino-Tibetan family. 
*Latins
The Latins were an ancient people of Latium. In very early times the Latins formed a league of thirty cities of which the town of Alba_Longa became the head. As Rome was a colony of Alba_Longa, the Romans spoke the language of the Latins, which was Latin.
*Lauren Bacall
Lauren_Bacall (real name Betty_Joan_Perske) is an American actress. She was born in 1924 and was the fourth wife of Humphrey_Bogart. 
*Laurence Binyon
Laurence_Binyon was a poet, art critic and Orientalist. He was born in 1869, dying in 1943. He worked at the British museum from 1893 to 1933. 
*Laurence Sterne
Laurence_Sterne was a British novelist. He was born in 1713 and died in 1768.
*Lawrence Durrell
Lawrence_Durrell was an English poet, novelist and travel writer. He was born in 1912 and died in 1990.
*Lawrence Oates
Lawrence Edward oates was an English antarctic explorer. He was born in 1880. He died by commiting suicide in a blizzard on the return journey from the south pole with scott so that the others would not be hampered by his frost-bite.
*Layamon
Layamon was a British metrical historian. He lived around 1200 and wrote ''Brut''. 
*Le Corbusier
Charles Jeanneret (Le Corbusier) was a Swiss architect and artist. He was born in 1887 and died in 1965. 
*Le Duc Tho
Le_Duc_Tho is a Vietnamese diplomat. He was born in 1911. He was joint winner of the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts in negotiating an end to the Vietnam War in 1973. 
*Lee De Forest
Lee De_Forest was an American inventor. He was born in 1873, dying in 1961. He was the first person to use alternating-current transmission. He improved the thermionic valve detector enabling wireless and sound films to be made. 
*Lee Yuen Kam
Lee_Yuen_Kam was the real name of Bruce Lee, the actor.
*Leif Ericson
Leif_Ericson was a Viking explorer. He lived around 1000 and continued the explorations of his father, Eric the Red, from Greenland. He is credited with discovering Labrador, Nova Scotia and the East coast of America.
*Lenni Lenape
#Delaware Indians
*Leo Delibes
Leo_Delibes was a French composer. He was born in 1836 and died in 1891. 
*Leo Tolstoy
Leo Nikolaievich Tolstoy was a Russian novelist. He was born in 1828 at Tula and died in 1910. He wrote ''War and Peace''. 
*Leonardo da Vinci
Leonardo_da_Vinci was an Italian artist and scientist. He was born in 1452, dying in 1519. He recorded scientific studies in unpublished note books. He designed the first helicopter (on paper) and recorded anatomical details after carrying out dissections. 
*Leonhard Euler
Leonhard_Euler was a Swiss mathematician. He was born in 1707 and died in 1783. He was a founder of modern mathematics, doing important work in algebra, astronomy, hydrodynamics and optics.
*Leonidas
Leonidas was the King of Sparta when Greece was invaded by Xerxes in 480bc. He was killed in battle at thermopylae.
*Leper
Leper is a term given to a person suffering from the disease leprosy.
*Lepers
#Leper 
*Leucippus
Leucippus was a Greek philosopher. He lived around 430BC.
*Lev Trotsky
Lev_Davidovich_Trotsky was a Russian Soviet leader. He was born in 1877. He was assasinated in South_America under orders from Stalin. 
*Levellers
The Levellers were a Puritan group led by John_Lilburne who fought for equality in social and religious matters. 
*Lewis
Sinclair Lewis was an American novelist. He was born in 1885 and died in 1951. 
*Lewis Carroll
Lewis_Carroll was the pen-name of Charles Dodgson. He was a writer of poetry and children's books. He was born in 1832 and died in 1898. 
*Lewis Mumford
Lewis_Mumford is an American writer on town-planning and social problems. He was born in 1895. 
*Lewis Waller
Lewis_Waller was an English actor. He was born in 1860 in Spain and died in 1915.
*Li Po
Li_Po was a Chinese poet born in 700bc. He died by drowning. 
*Lilienthal
Otto Lilienthal was a German inventor. He was born in 1848 at Auklam and died in 1896. He was one of the founders of the science of flight and conducted important work into gliding.
*Lincoln
Abraham Lincoln was the 16th President of the USA. He was born in 1809 at Kentucky and died in 1865 when he was assassinated at a theatre by John_Wilkes Booth.
*Lindbergh
Charles A. Lindbergh is an American airman. He was born in 1902 at Minnesota. He made the first non-stop flight between New_York and Paris in 1927.
*Linnaeus
Carl von Linne Linnaeus was a Swedish naturalist. He was born in 1707 at Rashut and died in 1778. He invented the modern system of naming plants with two words, rather than long descriptive latin phrases which was previously used. 
*Lippi
Fra Filippo Lippi was an Italian painter. He was born at Florence in 1406. He died in 1469. He painted the frescoes in the prato cathedral.
*Lister
Joseph Lister was an English doctor. He was born at Upton (Essex) in 1827. He died in 1912. He introduced carbolic acid to prevent infection.
*Liszt
Franz Liszt was a Hungarian composer born at Dobr'jan in 1811. He died in 1886. He was also a pianist. 
*Lithuanian
A Lithuanian is a member of the majority ethnic group living in Lithuania, comprising 80% of the population. 
*Livingstone
David_Livingstone was a Scottish explorer. Between 1852 and 1873 he discovered the course of the zambesi, victoria falls and lake nyasa. 
*Livy
Livy was a Roman historian. He was born in 59BC at Padua and died in 17. 
*Lloyd-George
David_Lloyd-George was an English MP. He was born in 1863 at Manchester and died in 1945. He was elected to Parliament in 1890. He was Chancellor of the Exchequer in 1908.
*Lobachevski
Lobachevski was a Russian mathematician. He was born in 1793 and died in 1856. He pioneered the study of non-Euclidean geometry. 
*Locke
John_Locke was an English political author. He was born in 1632 at Wrington and died in 1704.
*London
Jack London was an American writer. He was born in 1876 at San_Francisco and died in 1916. He wrote The Call of the Wild and White Fang. 
*Longfellow
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow was an American poet. He was born in 1807 at Portland and died in 1882. 
*Lope Felix De Vega Carpio
Lope_Felix_de_Vega_Carpio was a Spanish dramatist and poet. He was born in 1562 and died in 1635. He served in the Spanish Armada against England. 
*Lorca
Federico Garcia Lorca was a Spanish poet and dramatist. He was born in 1899 and died in 1936 when he was shot for supporting the Republican Government by Franco's troops. 
*Lord Byron
Lord George_Gordon Byron was an English poet. He was born in 1788 and died in 1824.
*Lord Darnley
Lord Darnley, Henry Stuart, was the second husband of Mary Queen of Scots and the father of James_I. He was born in 1545 and died in 1567. He was persuaded to murder David_Rizzio and helped Mary to escape to Dunbar. In 1567 he was killed in the house where he had been staying with Mary.
*Lord Louis Mountbatten
Lord_Louis_Mountbatten was a British admiral and statesman. He was born in 1900, dying in 1979 when he was assasinated by the ira. He was chief of combined operations in 1942 and the last viceroy of India.
*Lorentz
Hendrick Antoon Lorentz was a Dutch scientist. He was born in 1853 and died in 1928. He shared the Nobel prize for physics in 1902.
*Lorenzo Ghiberti
Lorenzo_Ghiberti was a Florentine sculptor. He was born in 1378 and died in 1455.
*Lothar
Lothar, brother of Ecbert, was king of the Heptarchy in 673. 
*Louis Bleriot
Louis_Bleriot made the first crossing of the English channel in an aircraft. The aircraft was his monoplane. The crossing took place on july 25th 1909.
*Louis Daguerre
Louis_Jacques_Mande_Daguerre was a French scientist. He was born in 1789 and died in 1851. He discovered the process of photography and invented the diorama.
*Louis de Baude Frontenac
Louis_de_Baude_Frontenac was a French colonial administrator. He was governor of Canada and conducted a campaign against the Iroquois in 1695. He was born in 1620 and died in 1698. 
*Louis Elzevir
Louis_Elzevir was a Dutch printer. He was born in 1540 and died in 1617. He founded the Elzevir family printing business in Leyden around 1580, which became famous for producing fine pocket editions of the classics.
*Louis I
Louis_I was Emperor of France in 814.
*Louis II
Louis_II was king of Bavaria. He was born in 1845 and died in 1886, commiting suicide. He was an amiable and eccentric ruler who was a great Patron of Wagner. Louis_II (Louis the Stammerer) was king of France in 877. 
*Louis III
Louis_III was joint ruler of France in 879 together with Carloman_II.
*Louis IX
Louis_IX was King of France. He was born in 1214, dying in 1270 whilst on crusade. 
*Louis Pasteur
Louis_Pasteur was a French scientist. He was born in 1822 at Dole and died in 1895. He founded the modern theory of bacteria.
*Louis the Stammerer
#Louis_II
*Louis XIII
Louis_XIII (Louis the Just) was king of France in 1610.
*Louis XIV
Louis_XIV was King of France. He was born in 1638, dying in 1715.
*Louis XV
Louis_XV was King of France. He was born in 1710, dying in 1774. 
*Louis XVI
Louis_XVI was King of France. He was born in 1754, dying in 1793 when he was executed during the French revolution.
*Louis XVIII
Louis_XVIII was King of France. He was born in 1755 and died in 1824. He entered Paris and took possession of the throne in 1814 and was forced to flee in 1815, returning a few months later. 
*Louise De la Remee
Louise_De_la_Remee was an English novelist. She was born in 1839 and died in 1908. She wrote under the name of Ouida and achieved enormous success with "Strathmore" written in 1865, "Under Two Flags" written in 1867 and "Moths" written in 1880. 
*Lovelace
Richard Lovelace was an Englsh poet and lyricist. He was born in 1618 and died in 1657.
*Lucas Cranach
Lucas_Cranach was a German painter. He was born in 1472 at Kronach and died in 1553. 
*Lucius Apuleius
Lucius_Apuleius was a Roman lawyer, philosopher and author. He lived around 160. 
*Lucretia Borgia
Lucretia_Borgia was the daughter of Pope Alexander_VI. She was born in 1480 and died in 1523.
*Lucretius
Lucretius was a Roman poet. He was born in 99BC and died in 55BC.
*Ludecan
Ludecan was king of Mercia in 823. He was slain. 
*Ludwig Mond
Ludwig_Mond was a German chemist who partnered John_Brunner to invent a process for creating soda. He was born in 1838, dying in 1909. 
*Luigi Alamanni
Luigi_Alamanni was an Italian poet. He was born in 1495 at Florence and died in 1556.
*Luigi Galvani
Luigi_Galvani was an Italian physiologist. He was born in 1737 and died in 1798. He made the first investigations into the action of electrical activity in the muscles of animals.
*Luigi Pirandello
Luigi_Pirandello was an Italian writer. He was born in 1867 at Girgenti and died in 1936. He won the Nobel prize for literature in 1934. 
*Luo
The Luo are the second-largest ethnic group of Kenya, living in the Lake Victoria region and in 1987 numbering some 2,650,000.
The Luo traditionally live by farming livestock. The Luo language is of the Nilo-Saharan family.
*Macbeth
Macbeth was King of Scotland from 1040 to 1057.
*Macusis
The Macusis are a South_American indian tribe still found in Guyana. 
*Magistrate
A Magistrate is a ''junior judge'', they serve in lower courts of law and hear minor offences. 
*Magnus the Good
Magnus_the_Good was king of Denmark in 1042. 
*Makua
The Makua are a people living to the north of the Zambezi River in Mozambique. With the Lomwe people, they make up the country's largest ethnic group. The Makua are mainly farmers,
living in villages ruled by chiefs. The Makua language belongs to the Niger-Congo family, and has about 5 million speakers. 
*Malagasy
A Malagasy is an inhabitant of or native to Madagascar. The Malagasy language has about 9 million speakers; it belongs to the Austronesian family.
Despite Madagascar's proximity to Africa, Malagasy contains only a small number of Bantu and Arabic loan words. It seems likely that the earliest settlers came by sea, some 1,500 years ago, from Indonesia. Primarily rice farmers, the Malagasy make use both of irrigated fields and swidden (temporary plot) methods.
*Malcolm I
Malcolm_I was King of Scotland from 943 to 954.
*Malcolm II
Malcolm_II was King of Scotland from 1005 to 1034. 
*Malcolm III
Malcolm_III was King of Scotland from 1057 to 1093.
*Malcom IV
Malcolm_IV was King of Scotland from 1153 to 1165. 
*Mameluke
The Mameluke were Turkoman warriors taken to Egypt as slaves to act as bodyguards for the caliphs and sultans. When the Ottoman Turks conquered Egypt in 1250 the Mamelukes became sultans. They were defeated by Napoleon in 1798 and the survivors were massacred by Muhammad_Ali in 1811
*Manuel de Falla
Manuel_de_Falla was a Spanish composer. He was born in 1876 at Cadiz and died in 1946. 
*Mao Tse-Tung
Mao_Tse-Tung was a Chinese revolutionary leader. He was born in 1893 at Kunan Province. He was a founder member of the Chinese Communist party.
*Maori
The Maori are a Polynesian people of pre-European New_Zealand.
Their language, Maori, belongs to the eastern branch of the Austronesian family.
The Maori colonized New_Zealand from about 850, establishing a flourishing civilization
throughout the country.
*Marc Chagall
Marc_Chagall was a Russian painter. He was born in 1887 at Vitebsk.
*Marcel Duchamp
Marcel_Duchamp was a French artist. He was born in 1887 and died in 1968.
*Marcel Proust
Marcel_Proust was a French novelist. He was born in 1871 at Paris and died in 1922.
*Marcellin Berthelot
Marcellin Pierre Eugene Berthelot was a French chemist and politician. He was born in 1827, dying in 1907. He was the first person to produce organic compounds synthetically. 
*Marco Polo
Marco_Polo was a Venetian explorer. He was born in 1254 and died in 1324.
*Marco Polo
Marco_Polo was a Venetian traveller. He was born in 1256, dying in 1323. He travelled through various eastern countries. 
*Marcus Aurelius Antoninus
Marcus_Aurelius_Antoninus was a Roman Emperor. He was born in 121 and died in 180. 
*Marcus Bloch
Marcus Eliezer Bloch was a naturalist. He was born in 1723 at Anspach and died in 1799. His main work was on fish, and he wrote ''Natural History Of Fishes'' in 1785 which included 432 colour plates.
*Marcus Cicero
Marcus_Tullius_Cicero was a Roman orator, politician and writer. He was born in 106BC and died in 43BC.
*Margaret
Margaret was queen of Scotland from 1286 to 1290.
Margaret was queen of Denmark, Sweden and Norway in 1387.
*Maria Montessori
Maria_Montessori was an Italian educationalist. She was born in 1870 and died in 1952. She developed the Montessori system of education. 
*Marie Antoinette
Marie_Antoinette was Queen of Louis XVI of France. She was born in 1755 and died in 1793 when she was executed for treason during the French revolution. 
*Marie Bichat
Marie Francois Xavier Bichat was a French physiologist. He was born in 1771 and died in 1802. He studied tissue and formed the basis of modern histology.
*Marie Corelli
Marie_Corelli was an English novelist. She was born in 1864 and died in 1924. She first made her name with the work "The Romance of Two Worlds" published in 1886. Her books are superficial, and popular. 
*Marie Curie
Marie_Curie was a French scientist. She was born in 1867 at warsaw and died in 1934. She and her husband together separated radium in 1902.
*Marie Stopes
Marie_Carmichael_Stopes was the English pioneer of birth control. She was born in 1880, dying in 1958. Her book married love was published in 1918.
*Marie Tussaud
Marie_Tussaud was born in 1760 in Switzerland. She died in 1850. She founded the famous Tussaud's wax works in London. 
*Marino Falieri
Marino_Falieri was the doge of Venice who repelled the Hungarians at Zara in 1346 and captured that city. He was born in 1274 and died in 1355 when he was executed for conspiring against the nobles of Venice in the hope of becoming Prince of Venice.
*Marion Morrison
#John_Wayne
*Mark Twain
Mark_Twain was an American writer. He was born in 1835 at Hannibal and died in 1910. He wrote ''The Adventures of Tom Sawyer''.
*Maroon
The Maroon were escaped slaves in Jamaica who were armed by the Spanish to attack the British forces on the island during the late 17th and 18th centuries. They lived mainly in the mountainous region now known as cockpit country and developed a method of cooking known as ''jerking'' peculiar to Jamaica. 
*Marranos
#Crypto-Jews 
*Marshal Henri Petain
Marshal Henri Philippe Petain was a French soldier. He was born in 1856 at Normandy and died in 1951. He headed the Vichy government which collaborated with the Germans after the fall of France during the second_World_War. 
*Marsilio Ficino
Marsilio_Ficino was an Italian philosopher. He was born in 1433 and died in 1499. In 1482 he translated Plato. 
*Martin Luther
Martin_Luther was a German Protestant Reformer and translator of the bible. He was born in 1483 at Saxony and died in 1546.
*Martin Tupper
Martin_Tupper was an English author. He was born in 1810 and died in 1889. He wrote ''Proverbial Philosophy'' a collection of didactic poems of little value, which enjoyed great popularity.
*Martin Van Buren
Martin_Van_Buren was the eighth President of the USA. He was born in 1782 and died in 1862. He was the son of a tavern keeper, and was called to the Bar in 1813. He became a State Senator in 1812 and held the position until 1821 when he was elected to the Senate and in 1835 he was elected President. 
*Martinus Steyn
Martinus Theunis Steyn was a South_African statesman. He was born in 1857 and died in 1916. In 1896 he was elected president of the Orange_Free_State and on the outbreak of the Boer_War sided with Transvaal against the British.
*Mary Eddy
Mary Baker Eddy was the founder of the Christian Science Movement. She was born in 1821 and died in 1910.
*Mary Godwin
#Mary_Shelley
*Mary Hamilton
Mary_Hamilton was tried in 1746 for marrying with her own sex. 
*Mary I
Mary_I was queen of Scotland from 1542 to 1567.
Mary_I was Queen of England from 1553 to 1558. She was born in 1516 and died of cancer in 1558.
She was known as Bloody Mary because of the religious persecutions of her reign, and also called Mary Tudor, she was the daughter of Henry_VIII and Catherine_of_Aragon. 
*Mary II
Mary_II was queen of England from 1689 to 1694. She was born in 1662 and died of smallpox in 1694.
She was a Stuart, the elder daughter of James_II.
She became joint sovereign of Great Britain with her husband, William_III, when the Revolution of 1688 drove her father from the throne. Although the
administration was exclusively in the hands of William, it was the queen who made the reign popular by her youth, good heart, and pleasing manners. 
*Mary Shelley
Mary_Shelley (Mary_Godwin) was the daughter of William_Godwin. She was born in 1797, dying in 1851. She is remembered for writing Frankenstein.
*Mary Slessor
Mary_Slessor was a Britsh missionary. She was born in 1848 and died in 1915. 
*Mary Stuart
#Mary_II 
*Mary Tudor
#Mary_I
*Masaccio
Masaccio was an Italian painter. He was born in 1401 and died in 1428. 
*Masai
The Masai are an east African people whose territory is divided between Tanzania and Kenya, and who number about 250,000. They were originally warriors and nomads, breeding humped zebu cattle, but some have adopted a more settled life. They speak a Nilotic language belonging to the Nilo-Saharan family.
*Mathias Grunewald
Mathias_Grunewald was a German religious painter. He was born in 1480 and died in 1530.
*Matthew Boulton
Matthew_Boulton was an English mechanical engineer. He was born in 1728 at Birmingham and died in 1809. In 1769 he formed a partnership with James Watt. 
*Matthew Flinders
Matthew_Flinders was a British navigator. He was born in 1774 and died in 1814. After serving in the Navy he went to Australia in the Reliance and with George_Bass, the ship's surgeon, explored much of the Australian coast and Tasmania. In 1801, as commander of the Investigator, he went out in charge of a scientific expedition, and circumnavigated Australia. 
*Matthew Locke
Matthew_Locke was an English composer. He was born in 1630 at Exeter and died in 1677. 
*Maurice Fitzmaurice
Sir Maurice Fitzmaurice was a British engineer. He was born in 1861 and died in 1924. He built the Rotherhithe tunnel under the Thames in 1908.
*Maurice Ravel
Maurice_Ravel was a French composer. He was born in 1875 at Cibourne and died in 1937. 
*Maurice Sarrail
Maurice_Sarrail was a French General. He Was born in 1856 at Carcassonne. He commanded the French 3rd army in 1914 during the Great War and was responsible for the defence of the Verdun region. In 1925 he became High Commissioner of Syria.
*Maurice Utrillo
Maurice_Utrillo was a French painter. He was born in 1883 in Paris and died in 1955. He was taught how to paint by his mother, Suzanne Valadon.
*Max Planck
Max planck was a German scientist. He was born at Kiel in 1858, dying in 1947. He won the nobel prize for physics in 1918. 
*Maxim Gorky
Maxim_Gorky was a Russian writer. He was born in 1868 and died in 1936.
*Meindert Hobbema
Meindert_Hobbema was a Dutch artist. He was born in 1638 and died in 1709. He is remembered for his landscapes.
*Meleager
Meleager was an ancient Greek poet who wrote epigrams. 
*Mende
The Mende are a west African people living in the rainforests of central east Sierra Leone and west
Liberia. They number approximately 1 million. The Mende are farmers as well as hunter-
gatherers, and each of their villages is led by a chief and a group of elders. The Mende
language belongs to the Niger-Congo family.
*Merchants of the Steelyard
The Merchants of the Steelyard were a league of German merchants established in London in the 13th century. Their headquarters, the Steelyard, stood near London_Bridge. They were expelled in 1578. 
*Merlin
Merlin was a magician who aided Arthur.
*Merovaeus
Merovaeus was sone-in-law of Clodion_the_Hairy, and king of France in 447. 
*Meskhetian
The Meskhetian are a community of Turkish descent that formerly inhabited Meskhetia, on the then
Turkish-Soviet border.
*Michael Cadbury
Michael_Cadbury was an English businessman and the brother of George_Cadbury. He was born in 1835 and died in 1899.
*Michael Collins
Michael_Collins was an Irish politician. He was born in 1890 and died in 1922 when he was ambushed and shot. He took part in the Easter rising in Dublin of 1916 and was elected Sinn Fein member for Cork in 1918.
*Michael Davitt
Michael_Davitt was an Irish Nationalist. He was born in 1846 in County_Mayo and died in 1906. he joined the Fenians and was sentanced to 15 years penal servitude in 1865 on a charge of importing arms into Ireland. On his release in 1879 he returned to Ireland and with Parnell started the Land_League, an anti-landlord organisation. 
*Michael Faraday
Michael_Faraday was a British chemist. He was born in 1791. He died in 1867. He discovered electrical currents and invented the dynamo. The farad is named after him.
*Michel de Montaigne
Michel_de_Montaigne was a French essayist. He was born in 1533 at Bordeaux and died in 1592. 
*Michel Ney
Michel_Ney was a French general. He was born in 1769 and died in 1815. He served under Napoleon at Jena, Borodino and Waterloo.
*Mihail Eminescu
Mihail_Eminescu was a Romanian poet. He was born in 1849 and died in 1889. He studied philosophy, started life as a teacher and was then appointed to the University Library at Jassy. He later became the editor of Timpul, a Romanian Conservative paper. In 1883 he developed signs of aleged madness and was killed by a fellow inmate in an institution in 1889.
*Mikhail Fokine
Mikhail_Fokine was a Russian dancer. He was born at St Petersburg in 1880. He died in 1942. He is famous for his work with ballet. 
*Mikhail Glinka
Mikhail_Glinka was a Russian composer. He was born in 1803 at Smolensk and died in 1857. 
*Miles Coverdale
Miles_Coverdale was an English bishop. He was born in 1488 at Yorkshire, dying in 1568. He translated the bible in 1535. 
*Minangkabau
Minangkabau are an Indonesian people of west Sumatra. In addition to approximately 3 million Minangkabau in west Sumatra, there are sizeable communities in the major Indonesian cities. The Minangkabau language belongs to the Austronesian family.
*Mirabeau
Mirabeau was a French orator. He was born in 1749 and died in 1791.
*Miskito
The Miskito are an American Indian people of Central_America, living mainly in the area that is
now Nicaragua. 
*Modest Moussorgsky
Modest Petrovich Moussorgsky was a Russian composer. He was born in 1835 at St._Petersburg and died in 1881. 
*Modocs
The Modocs are an American Indian tribe. They lived on the south shore of Klamath Lake in California.
*Moeso-Goths
The Moeso-Goths were a tribe of Goths who settled in Moesia on the Lower Danube and devoted themselves to architecture under the protection of the Roman emperors. 
*Mohammed
Mohammed (Mahomet, Mehmet, Muhammad) was the founder of the religion of Islam. He was born in 570 at Mecca and died in 632.
*Mohammed Sadat
Mohammed Anwar el Sadat was presidant of Egypt. He was born in 1919, dying in 1981 when he was assassinated. 
*Mohawk
The Mohawk are a North_American Indian people, part of the Iroquois confederation, who lived in
the Mohawk Valley, New_York, and now live on reservations in Ontario, Quebec, and New
York State, as well as among the general population. Their language belongs to the Macro-
Siouan group.
*Mohican
The Mohican are a North_American Indian people, speaking an Algonquian language, who
formerly occupied the Hudson Valley.
*Moliere
Jean Baptiste Poquelin (Moliere) was a French dramatist. He was born in 1622 and died in 1673. 
*Mon
The Mon are a minority ethnic group living in the Irrawaddy delta region of lower Myanmar
(Burma) and Thailand. The Mon language belongs to the Mon-Khmer branch of the Austro-Asiatic family. They are
Buddhists, but also retain older animist beliefs.
*Mongol
Mongols are any of the various Mongol (or Mongolian) ethnic groups of Central Asia. Mongols
live in Mongolia, Russia, Inner Mongolia (China), Tibet, and Nepal. The Mongol language
belongs to the Altaic family; some groups of Mongol descent speak languages in the Sino-
Tibetan family, however.
The Mongols are primarily pastoral nomads, herding sheep, horses, cattle, and camels.
Traditionally the Mongols moved with their animals in summer to the higher pastures,
returning in winter to the lower steppes. 
*Mongoloid
Mongoloid refers to one of the three major races of humans,
including the indigenous peoples of Asia, the Indians of the Americas, Polynesians, and the
Eskimos and Aleuts. General physical traits include dark eyes with epicanthic folds; straight
to wavy dark hair; little beard or body hair; fair to tawny skin; low to medium-bridged noses;
thin to medium lips.
*Monk
A Monk is a man who retires from the world to live in a monastery as a member of some religious order. Originally all monks were laymen, but after the 8th century the seniors and by degrees the other member were admitted to holy orders. 
*Monks
#Monk
*Montenegrin
The Montenegrin are Slavic inhabitants of Montenegro whose culture has much in common with the
Serbs.
*Montgolfier
The Montgolfier brothers made a hot air balloon, in which Jean francois pilatre de rozier and the marquis d'ariandes made the world's first aerial voyage over paris on november the 21st 1783.
*Montgomery
Montgomery was a British soldier. He was born in 1887 at County Donegal in Ireland. He entered the army in 1908 and served in the Great War. In 1939 he was Divisional Commander. He took part in the evacuation of Dunkirk and in 1942 took over command of the Eight Army in North_Africa. In 1944 he led the 21st Army Group in Normandy to the Rhine.
*Moors
The Moors were dark skinned people of North_Africa who under the influence of Islam conquered an empire stretching from the Pamirs to the Pyrenees in the 9th century. Their occupation of Spain lasted from 711 until 1492. 
*Mordvin
The Mordvin are a Finnish people inhabiting the middle Volga Valley in west Asia. They are known to have lived in
the region since the 1st century. There are 1 million speakers of Mordvin scattered
throughout west Russia, about one-third of whom live in the Mordvinian republic. Mordvin is a
Finno-Ugric language belonging to the Uralic family. 
*Moses
Moses was the founder and legislator of the Israelite nation. He delivered his people from Egypt.
*Mossi
The Mossi are the majority ethnic group living in Burkina Faso. Their social structure, based on a
monarchy and aristocracy, was established in the 11th century. The Mossi have been
prominent traders, using cowrie shells as currency. There are about 4 million speakers of
Mossi, a language belonging to the Gur branch of the Niger-Congo family. 
*Mother Shipton
Mother_Shipton was an English prophetess. She was born around 1487 Ursula Southill and lived in Knaresborough, Yorkshire. She was popularly believed to have occult powers and to have foretold the Great Fire of London.
*Mountstuart Elphinstone
Mountstuart_Elphinstone was an English statesman and historian. He was born in 1779 and died in 1859. In the service of the East_India_Company he helped to spread Britain's influence in India, serving as aide-de-camp to Wellesley and in 1803 being sent as Envoy to Kabul. In 1841 he wrote a History of India. 
*MP
MP is an abbreviation for member of parliament. An MP is a politician. 
*Mpongwa
The Mpongwa are a native tribe of the Gabon. 
*Muhammad
#Mohammed
*Munda
The Munda are any one of several groups living in north east and central India, numbering about 5
million (1983). Their most widely spoken languages are Santali and Mundari, languages of
the Munda group, an isolated branch of the Austro-Asiatic family. The Mundas were formerly
nomadic hunter-gatherers, but now practise shifting cultivation. They are Hindus, but retain
animist beliefs.
*Mungo Park
Mungo_Park was a Scottish explorer. He was born in 1771 and died in 1806 when he drowned at Boussa. He is famous for exploring Africa. He was first sent by the African Association to explore the valley of the Niger in 1795. He returned for a second exploration to west Africa in 1805. 
*Muslim
A Muslim is someone who professes the religion of Islam. 
*Mutsuhito
Mutsuhito was Emperor of Japan from 1867 until 1912. He was born in 1852 and died in 1912. He abolished the feudal system and modernised Japan with state schools, conscription and the Western calendar. Under his rule Japan became a world naval and military power. In 1889 he introduced a constitution.
*Muzio Clementi
Muzio_Clementi was an Italian composer. He was born in 1752 and died in 1832. He is best known for his Gradus ad Parnassum pianoforte studies. He was a brilliant pianist, competing with Mozart in a contest at Vienna in 1781. After a brilliant career as a concert pianist he established in London the music-publishing and pianoforte manufacturing business which became Collard & Collard. 
*Naga
The Naga are the various peoples who inhabit the highland region near the
Indian/Myanmar (Burma) border; they number approximately 800,000. These peoples do not
possess a common name; some of the main groups are Ao, Konyak, Sangtam, Lhota, Sema,
Rengma, Chang, and Angami. They live by farming, hunting, and fishing. Their languages
belong to the Sino-Tibetan family.
*Nahua
The nahua are an indigenous people of Mexico.
*Nahuatl
The Nahuatl are a group of Mesoamerican Indian peoples, of
which the best-known group were the Aztecs. The Nahuatl are the largest ethnic group in
Mexico, and their languages, which belong to the Uto-Aztecan (Aztec-Tanoan) family, are
spoken by over a million people today.
*Naiman
The Naiman are a tribe of the Uzbeg people.
*Nanak
Nanak was an Indian guru who formed the religion of Sikhism. He was born in 1469 and died in 1539. 
*Napoleon Bonaparte
Napoleon_Bonaparte (Napoleon_I) was emperor of France. He was born in 1769 and died in 1821. In 1799 he overthrew the Directory and appointed himself dictator. He became emperor in 1804 and reigned until 1815. From 1803 he conquered most of Europe. He was finally overthrown following his defeat at Waterloo at the hands of Wellington's army and was exiled on the Island of St_Helena. 
*Napoleon I
#Napoleon_Bonaparte
*Napoleon II
Napoleon_II was the titular king of Rome. He was born in 1811 and died in 1832.
*Napoleon III
Napoleon_III was President of France from 1848 - 1852 and Emperor of France from 1852 - 1870. He was born in 1808 and died in 1873.
*Natchez
The Natchez are an American Indian tribe of the Mississippi area. They were almost wiped out by the French in 1731. Today a few survive in Oklahoma. 
*Navaho
The Navaho are a peaceable agricultural North_American Indian people related to the Apache;
population about 200,000. Like the Apache, they speak a Southern Athabaskan language.
*Navajo
The Navajo are an American Indian tribe. 
*Nazi
The nazis were a German fascist political party led by Hitler. 
*Neanderthal
The Naenderthal were early human beings of the Palaeolithic period. The first Neanderthal skeleton was found in the Rhineland in 1857. They became extinct in 30,000 BC. 
*Negrito
The Negrito are several groups living on various islands in south east Asia. The Negritos are long-
established inhabitants of the region. They include the cave-dwelling Vedda of Sri_Lanka, the
Andamanese of the Andaman Islands, and the Semang of Malaysia. 
*Negroid
Negroid refers to one of the three major races of humans,
mainly the indigenous peoples of Subsaharan Africa and some of the nearby islands in the
Indian Ocean and the west Pacific. General physical traits include dark eyes, tightly curled dark
hair, brown to very dark skin, little beard or body hair, low to medium-bridged wide noses, and
wide or everted lips. 
*Neil Armstrong
Neil_Armstrong was the first man to step onto the moon in 1969.
*Neil Kinnock
Neil_Gordon_Kinnock is a British MP. He was born in 1942 in Wales. He was secretary of state for employment between 1974 and 1975. 
*Nell Gwynn
Nell_Gwynn was an English actress and dancer. She was born in 1650 and died in 1687. She is remembered for her early career as an orange seller outside the Drury Lane Theatre in London.
*Nelson
#Horatio_Nelson
*Nero
Nero (Claudius Caesar) was a Roman Emperor. He was born in 37 and died in 68. He was a cruel and unpopular Emperor and committed suicide after a successful revolt against him.
*Niccala Pisano
Niccala_Pisano was an Italin sculptor. He was born in 1220 and died in 1280. He created reliefs such as those on the pulpit in Pisa Cathedral. 
*Niccolo Machiavelli
Niccolo_Machiavelli was an Italian statesman and writer. He was born in 1469 at Florence and died in 1527. He has the reputation of being manipulative, hence the psychological term ''Machiavellism'' which refers to manipulation of people. 
*Nicholas Copernicus
Nicholas_Copernicus was the founder of astronomy. He was born in 1478 at torun in poland. He died in 1543. He studied at cracow university and settled in frauenburg in 1512. He put forward the theory that the planets revolve around the sun. 
*Nicholas Culpeper
Nicholas_Culpeper was a 17th century English medical writer and astrologer.
*Nicholas Filipescu
Nicholas_Filipescu was a Romanian statesman. He was born in 1862 and died in 1916. A Conservative leader, he became Minister of Agriculture and War Minister in 1910.
*Nicholas Hilliard
Nicholas_Hilliard was an English artist. He was born in 1547 and died in 1619. 
*Nicholas I
Nicholas_I was king of Denmark in 1105.
Nicholas_I was Czar of Russia from 1825 to 1855. 
*Nicholas II
Nicholas_II was Czar of Russia from 1894 to 1917. He was a great-grandson of Nicholas_I. 
*Nicholas Ridley
Nicholas_Ridley was an English protestant martyr. He was born in 1500, dying in 1555 when he was burnt at the stake. 
*Nicholas Storch
#Nicholas_Storck 
*Nicholas Storck
Nicholas_Storck (Storch?) was a fanatical German preacher. He formed the anabaptists in 1521 and excited rebellion of the German lower orders which was quelled with force in 1525.
*Nicholas Udall
Nicholas_Udall was an English dramatist and the headmaster of Westminster School. He was born in 1505 and died in 1556. He wrote Ralph_Roister_Doister.
*Nicolai Rimsky-Korsakov
Nicolai_Rimsky-Korsakov was a Russian composer. He was born in 1844 at Novogrod and died in 1908.
*Nicolas Oudinot
Nicolas_Charles_Oudinot was born in 1767 and died in 1847. He was Duke of Reggio and became Marshal of France in 1809. 
*Nicolas Poussin
Nicolas_Poussin was a French painter. He was born in 1593, dying in 1665.
*Nicolo Paganini
Nicolo_Paganini was an Italian violinist and composer. He was born in 1784 and died in 1840. He was the founder of the modern school of violin-playing.
*Nikolai Gogol
Nikolai Vasilievich Gogol was a Russian novelist and dramatist. He was born in 1809 and died in 1852.
*Noel Coward
Noel_Coward was an English actor, playwright and composer. He was born in 1899.
*Nordic
Nordic is the ethnic designation for any of the various Germanic peoples, especially those of Scandinavia.
The physical type of Caucasoid described under that term is tall, long-headed, blue-eyed, fair
of skin and hair.
*Norseman
The Norsemen were early inhabitants of Norway. The term Norsemen is also applied to Scandinavian Vikings who
during the 8th-11th centuries raided and settled in Britain, Ireland, France, Russia, Iceland,
and Greenland.
The Norse religion (banned 1000) was recognized by the Icelandic government 1973. 
*Nuba
The Nuba are a minority ethnic group living in south Sudan, numbering about 1 million (1991). They
speak related dialects of Nubian, which belongs to the Chari-Nile family.
The Nuba farm terraced fields in the Nuba mountains, to the west of the White Nile. 
*Nyanja
The Nyanja are a central African people living mainly in Malawi, and numbering about 400,000. The Nyanja are predominantly farmers, living in villages under a hereditary monarchy.
They speak a Bantu language belonging to the Niger-Congo family. 
*Oblates
Oblates are members of the Roman Catholic Church who dedicate themselves to the service of religion as laymen, as the Oblates of St. Charles, founded in 1578; the Oblates of St. Frances of Rome, founded 1433; the Oblates of Italy, founded 1816. 
*Octa
Octa was king of the Heptarchy in 512 and a son of Aesc. 
*Octave Feuillet
Octave_Feuillet was a French author. He was born in 1821 and died in 1890. He earned great praise and the favour of the Napoleonic Court by his novels and plays.
*Offa
Offa was king of the East Saxons in 700 until he became a monk at Rome.
Offa was King of Mercia in 755. He died in 796.
*Ojibwa
Ojibwa is another spelling for Ojibway.
*Ojibway
The Ojibway are a North_American Indian tribe. 
*Olaus IV
Olaus_IV (Olaus the Hungry) was king of Denmark in 1086. 
*Olaus the Hungry
#Olaus_IV
*Olaus V
Olaus_V was king of Denmark in 1376. 
*Oliver Cromwell
Oliver_Cromwell was protector of the commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland. He was born at huntingdon in 1599, dying in 1658. During the English civil war he first served under the earl of Essex before reorganising the parliamentary army. He promoted the trial and execution of Charles_I. 
*Oliver Goldsmith
Oliver_Goldsmith was a journalist. He was born in 1728 at Ireland and died in 1774.
*Olivier Messiaen
Olivier_Messiaen was a French composer and organist. He was born in 1908 and died in 1992. 
*Omar Khayyam
Omar_Khayyam was a Persian poet, mathematician and astronomer. He was born in 1050 and died in 1123. 
*Ombudsman
An ombudsman is a government official who hears and investigates complaints by private citizens against other officials or government agencies.
*Oneida
The Oneida were an Iroquois indian race who lived east of Lake_Oneida in north America.
*Onondaga
The Onondaga were an Iroquois Indian tribe who inhabited the region around Lake_Onondaga, in New_York. 
*Orangeman
An Orangeman is a member of the Ulter Protestant Orange Society which was formed in 1795 in opposition to the United Irishmen and the Roman Catholic secret societies. It is a revival of the Orange Institution of 1688 which was formed in support of William_III of Orange. The Orangemen celebrate William_III defeat of the Catholic James_II at the Battle of the Boyne in 1690. 
*Orangemen
#Orangeman 
*Order of the Bath
The Order of the Bath is an English class of knighthood which was constituted on the 11th of October 1399 by Henry_IV when he conferred the order upon forty-six esquires, who had watched the night before, and bathed. After the coronation of Charles_II the order was neglected until May 1725 when it was revived by George_I who fixed the number of knights at 37.
*Origen
Origen was a christian theologian and writer of the early christian church. He was born in Alexandria in 185 and died in 254.
*Oriya
The Oriya are the majority ethnic group living in the Indian state of Orissa. Oriya is Orissa's
official language; it belongs to the Eastern group of the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-
European family.
*Orville Wright
Orville_Wright was an American pioneer of flying. He was born in 1871 and died in 1948. Together with his brother he made the first controlled flight of an aeroplane. 
*Oscar Wilde
Oscar Fingall O'Flahertie Wills Wilde was a British writer who was persecuted for his homosexuality. He was born in 1854 at Dublin and died in 1900. He wrote ''The Importance Of Being Earnest''. 
*Oskar Kokoschka
Oskar_Kokoschka was an Austrian painter. He was born in 1886.
*Osman Digna
Osman_Digna was originally a slave-dealer at Suakin, he graduated to become leader of the Sudan tribesman. He was born in 1836 and died in 1900 after bein captured at the Battle_of_Omdurman and put to death at Wady_Halfa.
*Osred
Osred was king of Northumberland in 705.
Osred, son of Alred, was king of Northumberland in 789. 
*Osric
Osric was king of Deira in 634.
Osric, son of Alefrid, was king of Northumberland in 718.
*Ostrogoth
The Ostrogoths were the eastern branch of the Goths who became divided around 370. 
*Oswald
Oswald was king of Northumberland in 635. He was killed in battle. 
*Oswald Spengler
Oswald_Spengler was a German philosopher. he was born in 1880 at Blankenburg and died in 1936. 
*Osweo
Osweo was king of Northumberland in 642. 
*Oswulf
Oswulf was king of Northumberland in 757. He was slain in a sedition.
*Otto Bismarck
Otto_Eduard_Leopold_Von_Bismarck was a Prussian diplomat and statesman. He was born in 1815, dying in 1898. He was the main architect of the German empire.
*Otto I
Otto_I, or Otto The Great as he was known was Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. He was born in 912 and died in 973. He was the son of Henry_The_Fowler. In 936 he was elected king of Germany. 
*Otto II
Otto_II was the son of Otto_I. He was Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. He was born in 955 and died in 983.
*Otto III
Otto_III was Emperor of The Holy Roman Empire. He was born in 980 and died in 1002. He sought to revive the greatness of the Roman Empire, but was frustrated by a general revolt in Italy in 1001.
*Otto IV
Otto_IV was son of Henry_The_Lion and Matilda of England. He was born in 1175 and died in 1218. He was Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. He was excommunicated in 1210 for annexing Apulia.
*Otto Messmer
Otto_Messmer was an American cartoonist. He was born in 1894 and died in 1985. He is best known for his creation ''Felix the cat'' which became the first cartoon superstar. 
*Otto von Guericke
Otto_von_Guericke was a German physicist. He was born in 1602 at Magdeburg and died in 1686. He invented the air pump and demonstrated air pressure. 
*Ottone Visconti
Ottone_Visconti was the first lord of Milan. he was born in 1208. He headed the Ghibellines and defeated the Della_Torres. He was made archbishop in 1263. 
*Ouida
#Louise_De_la_Ramee
*Ovid
Publius_Ovidius_Naso_Ovid was a Roman poet. He was born in 43BC and died in 17AD. He was born at Sulmo the son of a Roman knight and was educated in Rome with a view to a legal career. 
*P.G. Wodehouse
Pelham Grenville Wodehouse was an English humorous novelist. He was born in 1881. He invented the characters ''Jeeves and Wooster''. 
*Pablo Picasso
Pablo_Picasso was a Spanish artist born in 1881, dying in 1973.
*Palikur
The Palikur are a South_American Indian people living in north Brazil and numbering about 1 million. Formerly a warlike people, they occupied a vast area between the Amazon and
Orinoco rivers. 
*Paolo Veronese
Paolo_Veronese (Paolo Cagliari) was an Italian painter. He was born in 1528 at Verona and died in 1588. He painted processional, ceremonial and festival pictures. His greatest work was the decoration of the church of San_Sebastiano. 
*Papuan
The Pauan are natives to or inhabitants of Papua New_Guinea; a speaker of any of various Papuan languages,
used mainly on the island of New_Guinea, although some 500 are used in New_Britain, the
Solomon Islands, and the islands of the south-west Pacific. The Papuan languages belong to the
Indo-Pacific family. 
*Paris (of Troy)
Paris was a Trojan prince whose abduction of Helen of Sparta caused the Trojan war.
*Pasquale Villari
Pasquale_Villari was an Italian historian and statesman. He was born in 1827 and died in 1917. He was appointed professor of history at Florence in 1866 and was minister of public instruction from 1891 to 1892. 
*Patamonas
The Patamonas are a South_American indian tribe still found in Guyana. 
*Pathan
The Pathan are a people of north west Pakistan and Afghanistan, numbering about 14 million (1984).
The majority are Sunni Muslims. The Pathans speak Pashto, a member of the Indo-Iranian
branch of the Indo-European family.
The Pathans comprise distinct groups, some living as nomads with herds of goats and
camels, while others are farmers.
*Paul Cezanne
Paul_Cezanne was a French painter. He was born in 1839 at Aix-en-Provence. He studied with Picasso.
*Paul Delaroche
Paul_Delaroche was a French painter. He was born in 1797 and died in 1856. 
*Paul Dore
Paul_Gustav_Dore was a French artist. He was born in 1833 at Strasbourg and died in 1883.
*Paul Du Chaillu
Paul_Du_Chaillu was a French anthropologist. He was born in 1835 and died in 1903. He travelled into west Africa.
*Paul Dukas
Paul_Dukas was a French composer. He was born in 1865 at Paris and died in 1935. His most popular work is the Sorcerer's Apprentice which was used by Walt Disney in his film Fantasia.
*Paul Ehrlich
Paul_Ehrlich was a German bacteriologist. He was born in 1854 and died in 1915. He shared the Nobel prize for medicine in 1908 and invented Salvarsan. 
*Paul Gauguin
Paul_Gauguin was a French painter. He was born in 1848 at Paris and died in 1903.
*Paul Hindemith
Paul_Hindemith was a German composer. He was born in 1895. 
*Paul Klee
Paul_Klee was a Swiss painter. He was born in 1879 near Berne and died in 1940.
*Paul Nash
Paul_Nash was an English artist. He was born in 1899 at London and died in 1946. 
*Paul Reuter
Paul Julius Reuter was a German newsman. He was born in 1816 at Kassel and died in 1899. He founded the Reuter's news agency.
*Paul Revere
Paul_Revere was an American soldier and patriot. He was born in 1735 at Boston and died in 1818. In april 1775 he rode from Boston to Concorde to warn the population of the approach of British troops. 
*Paul Verlaine
Paul_Verlaine was a French poet. He was born in 1844 at Metz and died in 1896. He formed the Symbolists school of poetry.
*Paul von Hindenburg
Paul_von_Hindenburg was a German soldier and the second president of the German Reich. He was born in 1847 and died in 1934. 
*Peada
Peada was king of Mercia in 655. He was killed to make way for his brother Wulfhere. 
*Pedro de Covilham
Pedro_de_Covilham was a Portugese explorer. he was born in 1460 and died in 1530. he was sent by John_II of Portugal in 1487 to search for the legendary empire of Prester_John. He travelled to India and journeyed down the east African coast to Sofala and reached Abyssinia where he was treated honourably, but never allowed to leave.
*Penda
Penda was king of Mercia in 626. He was said to be fierce and cruel. he died in battle.
*Percy Pilcher
Percy Pilcher, an Englishman, may be said to have invented the hang glider. During the late 19th century he invented a man launched glider.
*Percy Shelley
Percy Bysshe Shelley was an English poet. He was born in 1792 at Warnham and died in 1822 when he drowned following the capsizing of a sailing-boat. He entered Oxford in 1810, but not before he had written a volume of poetry and several romances of the gothic type. In 1811 he had published his work ''Necessity of Atheism''.
*Pericles
Pericles was an Arthenian ruler and orator. He was born in 490BC and died in 429BC.
*Peter Lebedev
Peter Nikolaievich Lebedev was a Russian physicist. he was born in 1866 and died in 1912. He demonstrated that light exherts minute pressure upon a physical body. 
*Peter Stuyvesant
Peter_Stuyvesant was a Dutch soldier and an administrator of Dutch North_America. He was born in 1592 and died in 1672. He was instrumental in furthering the prosperity of New_Amsterdam which he had to surrender to the British in 1664.
*Peter The Great
Peter_The_Great was a Czar of Russia. He was born in 1672 and died in 1725.
*Peter von Cornelius
Peter_von_Cornelius was a German painter. He was born in 1783 at Dusseldorf and died in 1867. He painted the important frescoes of the Ludwigskirche. He is renowned for reviving the art of mural decoration. 
*Petrarch
Francesco di Petracco (Petrarch) was an Italian poet and scholar. He was born in 1304 and died in 1374.
*Pharaoh
Pharaoh was the title of the ruler of Ancient Egypt. 
*Pharisee
The Pharisee were a Jewish sect from 1BC to 1AD which were charcterized by their strict observance of the traditional and written laws.
*Pheidias
Pheidias was a Greek sculptor. He was born in 500BC and died in 433BC. 
*Philip Massinger
Philip_Massinger was a British dramatist. He was born in 1583 and died in 1640. He wrote ''A New_Way to Pay Old Debts''. 
*Phillippus Paracelsus
Phillippus Aureolus Paracelsus was a Swiss alchemist and physician. He was born in 1493 and died in 1541. He was the first to note occupational diseases.
*Philo Remington
Philo_Remington invented the typewriter and also the breach loading rifle. 
*Phineas Barnum
Phineas_Taylor_Barnum was an American showman who launched the enterprise known as ''the greatest show on earth''. He was born in 1810 and died in 1891. 
*Piero
Piero was an Italian painter. He was born in 1420 and died in 1492. He painted frescoes in Florence and at Loretto.
*Pierre Abelard
Pierre_Abelard was a French philosopher. He was born in 1079, dying in 1142. He founded scholastic theology. 
*Pierre Bonnard
Pierre_Bonnard was a French painter famous for painting nudes. He was born in fontenay-aux-roses in 1867. He died in 1947. 
*Pierre Corneille
Pierre_Corneille was a French dramatist. He was born in 1606, dying in 1684. He was a master of the classical tragedy. 
*Pierre de Fermat
Pierre_de_Fermat was a French mathematician. He was born in 1601 at Toulouse and died in 1665. His most important work was on the theory of numbers. 
*Pierre de Ronsard
Pierre_de_Ronsard was a French poet. He was born in 1524, dying in 1585. 
*Pierre De Villeneuve
Pierre_Charles_Jean_Baptiste_Sylvestre_De_Villeneuve was a French admiral. He was born in 1763 and died in 1806. He was commander of the combined French and Spanish fleets in 1803 and was defeated by Nelson at the Battle_of_Trafalgar where after he was a prisoner in England until his release in 1806 when he returned to France and committed suicide. 
*Pierre Laplace
Pierre Simon Laplace was a French mathematician and astronomer. He was born in 1749 at Beaumont-en Auge. He argued that the whole physical universe could be explained by the law of cause and effect so that, given enough information, both the past and the future of the universe could be determined in every detail. 
*Pierre Laval
Pierre_Laval was a French statesman. He was twice Prime Minister during the 1930s. He was born in 1883 and died in 1945. 
*Pierre Vernier
Pierre_Vernier was a French scientist. He was born in 1580 and died in 1637. He invented the vernier.
*Piet Cronje
Piet Arnoldus Cronje was a Boer general. He was born in 1840 and died in 1911. He led the Transvaal insurrection of 1880 and besieged Potchefstroom in 1881 during the first Boer War. He was captured at Magersfontein in 1899 and sent as a prisoner to St._Helena.
*Pieter De Hooch
Pieter_De_Hooch was a Dutch painter. He was born in 1629 and died in 1680. He mainly painted pictures of bright domestic interiors.
*Plato
Plato was an ancient Greek philosopher. He was born in 427bc, dying in 347bc.
*Plautus
Titus Marcius Plautus was a Roman comic poet. He was born in 254BC and died in 184BC.
*Pope
The pope is the leader of the Roman catholic church. 
*Porfirio Diaz
Porfirio_Diaz was a Mexican general and politician. He was born in 1830 and died in 1915. He was elected president in 1876.
*Potiguara
The Potiguara are a group of South_American Indians living in north west Brazil, and numbering about 1
million. Their language belongs to the Tupi-Guarani family. Their religion is centered
around a shaman, who mediates between the people and the spirit world. 
*Praxiteles
Praxiteles was a 4th century bc Greek sculptor. He carved hermes carrying dionysus.
*Prince Eugene
Prince_Eugene of Savoy was an Imperial general. He was born in 1663 and died in 1736. Dislike of Louis_XIV caused him to leave France and serve under the Emperor_Leopold against the French and the Turks, sharing in Marlborough's victories at Blenheim, Oudenarde and Malplaquet. In 1717 he overthrew the Turks and captured Belgrade. He was governor of the Austrian Netherlands from 1714 to 1724, when he was made Vice-General of Italy. He died at Vienna.
*Prince Iwao Oyama
Prince_Iwao_Oyama was a Japanese Samurai soldier-statesman. He was born in 1842 and died in 1916. He was attache with the German army during the Franco-German war.
*Princess Elizabeth
Princess_Elizabeth was the eldest daughter of James_I of England. She was born in 1596 and died in 1662. It was she that the Gunpowder Plot conspirators planned to set upon the throne. In 1613 she married Frederick_V who was later to be King of Bohemia.
*Prophet
A prophet is some one who claims to reveal or interpret god's will.
*Provost
A Provost is the chief magistrate in a Royal burgh in Scotland. His position is like that of an English Mayor. 
*Ptolemy XIV
Ptolemy_XIV was the brother of Cleopatra, and joint ruler of Egypt.
*Pueblo
The Pueblo were a tribe of American Indians which lived in New_Mexico and Arizona. They were a farming tribe.
*Pueblo Indian
Pueblo_Indian is a generic name for a member of any of the farming groups of the south west USA and north Mexico, living
in communal villages of flat-topped adobe or stone structures arranged in terraces. Surviving groups include the Hopi and the Zuni. 
*Puritan
The Puritans were a group of religious people who wanted what they perceived to be extreme purity in church services. They observed a strict code of behaviour with few amusements.
*Pyotr Tchaikovsky
Pyotr_Tchaikovsky was a 19th century Russian composer. 
*Pythagoras
Pythagoras was a Greek philosopher. He was born on the island of samos in 582bc, dying in 500bc. 
*Quadi
The Quadi were a Teutonic tribe who lived on the Danube between the Carpathian Mountains and Theiss. They waged war against the Romans and disappeared in the 5th century after moving west with the Suevi.
*Quaestor
In ancient Rome, the quaestors were magistrates responsible for the management of public treasure. They received taxes and tribunes, paid the troops. At the time of Julius Caesar there were 40 quaestors.
*Quechua
The Quechua are the largest group of South_American Indians. The Quechua live in the Andean
region. Their ancestors included the Inca, who established the Quechua language in the
region. Quechua is the second official language of Peru and is widely spoken as a lingua
franca in Ecuador, Bolivia, Columbia, Argentina, and Chile; it belongs to the Andean-
Equatorial family. 
*Queen Elizabeth of Romania
Queen_Elizabeth_of_Romania was born in 1843 and died in 1916. She married the then prince Charles of Romania in 1869 and wrote under the pen name of Carmen_Sylva. 
*Queen Victoria
Queen_Victoria was queen of England from 1837 to 1901. She was born in 1819 and died in 1901. She had the longest reign of any English monarch.
*Quintus Horace
Quintus_Horatius_Flaccus_Horace was a Roman lyric poet. He was born in 65BC at Venusia and died in 8BC.
*R. D. Laing
R._D._Laing was a Scottish psychoanalyst. He originated some radical methods of psychiatry.
*Rabbi
A rabbi is the chief religious leader of a synagogue.
*Rafael Sabatini
Rafael_Sabatini was an Anglo-Italian writer. He was born in 1875 and died in 1950. He wrote Captain Blood, and The Sea Hawk. 
*Rainer Rilke
Rainer Maria Rilke was an Austrian poet. He was born in 1875 at Prague and died in 1926. 
*Rajendra Prasad
Rajendra_Prasad was the first president of the republic of India between 1950 and 1962. He was born in 1884, dying in 1963.
*Rajput
The Rajput are a Hindu people, predominantly soldiers and landowners, widespread over north India.
The Rajput states of north west India are now merged in Rajasthan.
Rajastani languages belong to the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European family. 
*Ralph Emerson
Ralph Waldo Emerson was an American essayist, philosopher and poet. He was born in 1803 and died in 1882.
*Raoul Dufy
Raoul_Dufy was a French painter. He was born in 1877 and died in 1953. 
*Raphael
Raphael was an Italian painter of the renaissance period.
*Raphael Holinshed
Raphael_Holinshed was an English chronicler. He lived in the 16th century and wrote The Chronicles Of England, Scotland and Ireland. 
*Redwald
Redwald was king of the East Angles in 599.
*Regent Albany
Regent_Albany was King of Scotland from 1406 to 1419.
*Regent Murdoch
Regent_Murdoch was King of Scotland from 1419 to 1424. 
*Reginald Barratt
Reginald_Barratt was an English watercolour artist famous for his perfection of draughtmanship. He was born in 1861 and died in 1917.
*Rembrandt
Rembrandt was a 17th century Dutch painter.
*Rene Descartes
Rene_Descartes was a French mathematician and philosopher. He was born in 1596 and died in 1650. He invented Cartesian geometry. 
*Rene Laennec
Rene Theophile Hyacinthe Laennec was a French physician who invented the stethoscope. He was born in 1781 and died in 1826.
*Rene Viviani
Rene_Viviani was a French independant Socialist statesman. He was born in 1862 at Sidi-bel-Abbas, Algeria and died in 1925. After studying at the bar he entered Chanbers as a deputy for Paris in 1893, was defeated in 1902 and regained his seat in 1906 and in the same year became minister of labour and public hygiene in the Clemenceau administration. He represented France at the first meeting of the League_of_Nations at Geneva in 1920. 
*Renoir
Renoir was a French impressionist painter. 
*Richard Aldington
Richard_Aldington was an English writer and poet. He was born in 1892 and died in 1962. He was born in Hampshire. He wrote a controversial biography of Lawrence of Arabia.
*Richard Byrd
Richard Evelyn Byrd was an American scientist and explorer. He started his career in the navy, but took up flying. In 1926 he flew over the North_Pole. He was born in 1888 and died in 1957. William_Byrd was an English composer. He was born in 1543 and died in 1623.
*Richard Cromwell
Richard_Cromwell was Lord Protector of England and the son of Oliver_Cromwell. He was born in 1626 and died in 1712. He served with his father in the Parliamentary Army and was an MP from 1654 until 1656. He succeeded to the protectorate in 1658 and resigned in 1659 under pressure from the Army. 
*Richard Cumberland
Richard_Cumberland was an English dramatist. he was born in 1732 and died in 1811. Amongst his works, which are mainly sentimental comedies, are "The West-Indian" written in 1771 and "The Fashionable Lover" written in 1772.
*Richard Doyle
Richard_Doyle was an English artist. He was born in 1824 and died in 1883. He worked on the staff of Punch magazine from 1843 to 1850 when he resigned on religious grounds. He illustrated many books and had designs appear on the cover of Punch. 
*Richard Earlom
Richard_Earlom was an English engraver. He was born in 1743 and died in 1822.
*Richard Hildreth
Richard_Hildreth was an American historian. He was born in 1807, dying in 1865. He wrote the history of the united states. 
*Richard I
Richard_I was King of England from 1189 to 1199. 
*Richard II
Richard_II was son of Edward_The_Black_Prince and King of England from 1371 to 1399. 
*Richard III
Richard_III was King of England from 1483 to 1485. 
*Richard Neville
Richard Neville (Earl of Warwick) was an English Baron. He was born in 1428 and died in 1471. He was nicknamed the king-maker and distinguished himself at St._Albans under the Duke_of_York in 1455. He continued as a Royalist commander until he was defeated and slain by Edward at Barnet in 1471.  
*Richard Savage
Richard_Savage was an English poet believed to be the illegitimate son of Lord Rivers and the Countess of Macclesfield. He died in 1743. 
*Richard Sheridan
Richard Brinsley Sheridan was a Britsh dramatist. He was born in 1751 in Dublin and died in 1816.
*Richard Strauss
Richard_Strauss was a German composer. he was born in 1864 and died in 1949. 
*Richard Trevithick
Richard_Trevithick was an English inventor. He was born in 1771 in Cornwall and died in 1833. He invented the high-pressure steam engine.
*Richard Whittington
Richard_Whittington was Lord Mayor of London. He was born in 1358 at Pauntley and died in 1423. He mad a fortune as a mercer, and upon his death left all his money to London charities. 
*Richbert
Richbert was king of the East Angles in 627. 
*Rinaldo
Rinaldo was a famous character in mediaeval romance. He was one of four sons of Aymom, cousin to Orlando and a brave knight of the Charlemagne.
*Roald Amundsen
Roald_Amundsen was a Norwegian explorer. First to reach south pole.
*Rob Roy
Rob_Roy (Robert McGregor) was a Scottish freebooter. He was born in 1671, dying in 1734. He helped the poor at the expense of the rich and played a lone role in the jacobite uprising of 1715.
*Robert (Bruce)
Robert_(Bruce) was King of Scotland from 1306 to 1329. 
*Robert Adam
Robert_Adam was a Scottish architect and designer. He was born in 1728 and died in 1792. He was responsible for the Adelphi. 
*Robert Blair
Robert_Blair was a British poet. He was born in 1699 and died in 1746. He wrote ''The Grave''. 
*Robert Burton
Robert_Burton was a British prose writer. He was born in 1577 and died in 1640. He wrote ''The Anatomy of Melancholy''.
*Robert Clive
Robert_Clive was the principal founder of the British Empire in India. He is also known as Clive of India. He was born in 1725 at Market_Drayton and died in 1774. As a child he formed a protection racket and demanded money from the local shop keepers!
*Robert Devereux
Robert_Devereux was the Second Earl Of Essex. An Elizabethan soldier and courtier he was born in 1566 at Herefordshire and died in 1601. He was a lover to Elizabeth_I.
*Robert E. Lee
Robert_E._Lee was an American Confederate General. He was born in 1807 and died in 1870. 
*Robert Emmet
Robert_Emmet was an Irish rebel. He was born in 1778 and died in 1803. He joined the United_Irishmen with his brother Thomas_Emmet, and in 1802 visited Paris to interview Napoleon then planning an invasion of England. Returning to Dublin, Emmet plotted for an armed rising against the British administration. His colleagues failed to cooperate, and after the murder of Lord_Kilwarden by his followers, Emmet was tried for high treason and hanged. 
*Robert Fabyan
Robert_Fabyan was an English historian and sheriff of London from 1493. In 1498 he defended Newgate against the Cornish rebels. He died in 1513. 
*Robert Fergusson
Robert_Fergusson was a Scotish poet. He was born in 1750 and died in 1774. 
*Robert Fitzroy
Robert_Fitzroy was a British sailor, hydrographer and meteorologist. As commander of the Beagle he surveyed the coasts of Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego between 1828 and 1830 and on a second voyage when he was accompanied by Charles_Darwin between 1831 and 1836. 
*Robert Fitzsimmons
Robert_Fitzsimmons was an English boxer. He was born in 1862 and died in 1918. He was World Heavyweight Champion in 1897 which he won from J. J. Corbett. He lost the title in 1899 to Jim_Jeffries. 
*Robert Fitzwalter
Robert_Fitzwalter was the leader of the barons against King John of England. He was exiled for his rebellion in 1212 but returned to head the movement which resulted in the signing of the Magna_Carta in 1215. He later supported Prince Louis of France in his invasion of England during 1216 and 1217.
*Robert Frost
Robert_Frost was an American poet. He was born in 1875 at San_Fancisco and died in 1963. 
*Robert Fulton
Robert_Fulton was an American inventor. He was born in 1765 at Little_Britain. 
*Robert Graves
Robert Ranke Graves was an English poet and novelist. He was born in 1895. 
*Robert Herrick
Robert_Herrick was an English poet. He was born in 1591 and died in 1674.
*Robert I
Robert_I, Duke of Normandy was the father of William_the Conqueror and aide to Edward_The_Confessor. He died in 1035 while returning from a pilgrimage to the Holy Land. 
*Robert II
Robert_II was King of Scotland from 1371 to 1390.
*Robert III
Robert_III was King of Scotland from 1390 to 1406. 
*Robert Koch
Robert_Koch was a German scientist. He was born in 1843 and died in 1910. He won the Nobel proze for medicine for discovering the bacteria which cause TB, cholera and anthrax.
*Robert Louis Stevenson
Robert_Louis_Stevenson was a Scottish author. He was born at edinburgh in 1850, dying in 1894. He wrote treasure island, kidnapped, Dr jekyll and Mr hyde, and the Master of Ballantrae. 
*Robert Millikan
Robert Andrews Millikan was an American scientist. He was born in 1868 at Morrison and died in 1954. He won the Nobel prize for physics in 1923. 
*Robert Oppenheimer
J. Robert Oppenheimer was an American physicist and director of the Los Almos research project which made the first atomic bomb. He was born in 1904 and died in 1967. 
*Robert Owen
Robert_Owen was an English socialist reformer. He was born in 1771 and died in 1858. He wrote ''A New_View Of Society'' published in 1813. 
*Robert Schumann
Robert_Schumann was a German composer. He was born in 1810 at Zwickau and died in 1856.
*Robert Southey
Robert_Southey was an English poet and writer. He was born in 1774 and died in 1843. 
*Robert Stevenson
Robert_Stevenson was a Scottish engineer. He was born in 1772, dying in 1850. He invented the flashing light for use in lighthouses. 
*Robert Wace
Robert_Wace was an Anglo-Normal historical poet of the 12th century. He wrote an account of the Norman Dukes.
*Robert Walpole
Robert_Walpole was an English statesman. He was born in 1676 at Houghton and died in 1745. 
*Robespierre
Robespierre was a politician of the French revolution. 
*Robin Hood
Robin_Hood was a legendary English folk hero who led a band of outlaws in Sherwood forest and opposed the tyranny and excessive taxes of King John. He is mentioned in the 14th century poem Piers Plowman. Thomas_Hood was a British poet and humourist. He was born in 1799 and died in 1845.
*Roger Bacon
Roger_Bacon was the founder of English philosophy. He was born in 1220, dying in 1294. In 1257 he became a fanciscan friar.
*Roger Boscovich
Roger Joseph Boscovich was an Italian astronomer and geometrician. He was born in 1711 at Ragusa and died in 1787 in Milan.
*Roger Hollis
Roger_Hollis was director of MI5, and alleged by Peter Wright (in his book ''Spy Catcher'') to have been a Russian spy.
*Roger Quilter
Roger_Quilter was a British composer. He was born in 1877 at Brighton and died in 1953.
*Roger van der Weyden
Roger_van_der_Weyden was a Flemish painter. He was born in 1399 at Tournai and died in 1464. 
*Rogue
A rogue is an idle vagrant.
*Rohillas
The Rohillas were an Afghan tribe who made themselves masters of Rohikhand in the 18th century, but were subdued in 1774 by the Nawab of Oudh assisted by a British force. 
*Roman
A Roman was an inhabitant of ancient Rome. 
*Romans
#Roman 
*Romany
The Romanys are a nomadic Caucasoid people, also called Gypsy. They are believed to have originated in north west
India, and live throughout the world. The Romany language (spoken in different dialects in
every country where Gypsies live) is a member of the Indo-European family.
*Romulus
Romulus was the founder of Rome. 
*Ronnie Scott
Ronnie_Scott was an English jazz musician. He was born in 1927 and died in 1996. He started a club in London, called Ronnie Scott's which promotes English jazz. 
*Rudolf Eucken
Rudolf Christoph Eucken was a German philosopher. He was born in 1846 and died in 1926. He studied at Gottingen under Lotze, and later at Berlin. Eucken taught philosophy at Basle, and held the chair at Jena. In 1908 he was awarded a Nobel_Prize. He dealt mainly with ethical and religious problems, maintaining that man is the meeting ground of matter and spirit, and that it is his duty to subdue the former by concious application of the latter. 
*Rudolf Steiner
Rudolf_Steiner was leader of the German Theosophical Society from its inception until he developed his system of ''Anthroposophy'' when he was excluded. He was born in 1861 and died in 1925. 
*Rudolf Virchow
Rudolf_Virchow was a German pathologist and politician. He was born in 1821 and died in 1902. He was professor of pathological anatomy at Berlin in 1856 and proved the cellular theory applicable in pathology as well as in physiology.
*Rudolf Wagner
Rudolf_Wagner was a German physiologist. He was born in 1805 and died in 1864. He was professor of zoology at Erlangen in 1832 and Gottingen in 1840. He made important researches and observations in anatomy and physiology, particularly in embryology, discovering the germinal vesicle of the human ovum. 
*Rudyard Kipling
Rudyard_Kipling was an Indian writer. He was born in 1865 at Bombay of Britsh parents. He died in 1936. He wrote The Jungle Book.
*Ruggiero Leoncavallo
Ruggiero_Leoncavallo was an Italian composer. He was born in 1858, dying in 1919. He composed the opera pagliacci. 
*Russian
A Russian is an inhabitant of Russia.
*Saami
The Saami (Lapp) are a group of herding people living in north Scandinavia and the Kola Peninsula, and
numbering about 46,000. Some are nomadic, others lead a more settled way of life.
They live by herding reindeer, hunting, fishing, and producing handicrafts. Their language
belongs to the Finno-Ugric family. Their religion is basically animist, but incorporates
elements of Christianity. 
*Saavedra Cervantes
Saavedra_Miguel_de_Cervantes was a Spanish writer. He was born in 1547 at Acala de Henares and died in 1616. He was the author of the book Don Quixote de la Mancha. 
*Sabine Baring-Gould
Sabine_Baring-Gould was an English author or numerous hymns and novels. He was born in 1834 and died in 1924.
*Saint Adalbert
Saint_Adalbert was a missionary in north Germany and Poland. He was born in 955, dying in 997. He was martyred in Bremen.
*Saint Agnes
Saint_Agnes is the patron saint of virgins.
*Saint Aldhelm
Saint_Aldhelm was born in 640 and died in 709. He was abbot of Malmsebury and later the bishop of Sherborne. He was an architect and poet. 
*Saint Anselm
Saint_Anselm was an archbishop of Canterbury. He was born in 1033 and died in 1109.
*Saint Blasius
Saint_Blasius was Bishop of Sebaste in Armenia. He was said to have been martyred around 316 by torture with a wool-comb, from which he became the patron saint of wool-combers. 
*Saint Cecilia
Saint_Cecilia was a Christian martyr. She died in 230. She is associated with church music.
*Saint Clare
Saint_Clare was the first woman follower of Saint Francis of Assisi. She was born in 1194 and died in 1253. She founded the order of Poor Clares, who follow Franciscan rule and are one of the severest female religious orders. She is celebrated on August 12th.
*Saint Crispin
Saint_Crispin is the patron saint of shoe-makers.
*Saint Cuthbert
Saint_Cuthbert was an English saint. He was Bishop of Lindisfarne in 685 and died on the island of Farne in 687. 
*Saint Cyprian
Saint_Cyprian was Bishop of Carthage and an early Christian martyr. He was born in 205 and died in 258.
*Saint Cyril
Saint_Cyril was the Bishop of Jerusalem. He was born in 318 and died in 386. 
*Saint David
Saint_David is the patron saint of Wales. He was the Bishop of Menevia, now called St. Davids. 
*Saint George
Saint_George is the tutelary saint of England, Portugal and Aragon, and was the patron saint of chivalry in Europe in medieval times. He was a reputed native of Cappadocia and rebuked Diocletian for his persecution of Christians. He was arrested, tortured and executed at Nicomedia in 303. The tradition of Saint George with a Dragon dates from the 6th century.
*Saint-Saens
Camille Saint-Saens was a French composer. He was born in 1835 in Paris and died in 1921.
*Saki
#Munro 
*Saladin
Saladin was sultan of Egypt and Syria. He was born in 1137, dying in 1193. He conquered Jerusalem in 1187 and caused the 3rd crusade to take place.
*Saladoid
The Saladoids were the first inhabitants of Statia arriving in great sea-going canoes from South_America before the end of the 15th century. 
*Sallust
Sallust was a Roman historian. He was born in 86BC and died in 35BC. 
*Salvador Allende
Salvador_Allende was a radical Chilean marxist democrat leader who became president in 1970, but was killed in a military coup in 1973.
*Salvador Dali
Salvador_Dali is a Spanish painter. He was born in 1904. He is a surrealist painter. 
*Samaritan
The Samaritan are descendants of the colonists forced to settle in Samaria (now north Israel) by the
Assyrians after their occupation of the ancient kingdom of Israel in 722 BC.
*Samaritans
The Samaritans were a people settled in Samaria by the Assyrian Kings to replace the indigenous population which had been captured by Sargon.
*Samoyedes
The Samoyedes are a Mongolian race of Ural-Altaic stock, inhabiting the tundras of north east Europe and Siberia. They are nomadic, dwelling in tents or huts and hunting and fishing. 
*Samuel Barrington
Samuel_Barrington was a British admiral who gained distinction during the Seven Years War. He was born in 1729 and died in 1800. 
*Samuel Birch
Samuel_John_Lamorna_Birch was an English lanscape painter. He was born in 1869, dying in 1955. 
*Samuel Butler
Samuel_Butler was a British satirist and poet. He was born in 1612 and died in 1680. He wrote ''Hudibras''.
*Samuel Clemens
Samuel_Clemens was the real name of Mark_Twain, the American writer. 
*Samuel Cody
Samuel Franklin Cody was an American aviator. He was born in 1861 and died in 1913. He came to England in 1908 and invented a successful biplane in 1909. He was aeronautical advisor to the War Office and won its aeroplane competition in 1912. He was killed in an air crash near Aldershot. 
*Samuel Coleridge
Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge was an English poet. He was born in 1772 and died in 1834. He is best remembered for his poem the Ancient Mariner. 
*Samuel Colt
Samuel_Colt of Hartford, Conneticut patented the first successful percussion revolver in England in 1835 and in America in 1836. 
*Samuel Crompton
Samuel_Crompton was an English inventor born in 1753 he died in 1827. He invented the spinning-mule in 1779. 
*Samuel Daniel
Samuel_Daniel was a British poet. He was born in 1562 and died in 1619. He wrote ''Defence of Ryme''.
*Samuel Johnson
Samuel_Johnson was an English writer. He was born in 1709 and died in 1784. He was twice imprisoned for debt.
*Samuel Morse
Samuel_Morse was an American artist and inventor. He was born in 1791 and died in 1872. He invented the morse code and conceived the idea of a recording magnetic telegraph. 
*Samuel Pepys
Samuel_Pepys was an English diarist. He was born in 1633 at London and died in 1703. 
*Samuel Richardson
Samuel_Richardson was an English novelist. He was born in 1689 and died in 1761. He wrote Pamela.
*Samuel Rogers
Samuel_Rogers was an English poet. He was born in 1763 and died in 1855. He was the son of a banker. He was offered the laureateship when Wordsworth died in 1850. 
*Samuel Warren
Samuel_Warren was a British novelist. He was born in 1807 at Wales and died in 1877. He was called to the bar in 1837 and held the post of MP for Midhurst from 1856 to 1859.
*Samurai
The Samurai are a Japanese military caste. 
*San
The San (formerly Bushman) are a small group of hunter-gatherer peoples living in and around
the Kalahari Desert. Their language belongs to the Khoisan family.
*Sarah Siddons
Sarah_Siddons was an English actress. She was born in 1755, dying in 1831. She played with garrick's company at drury lane in 1775.
*Savatore Quasimodo
Savatore_Quasimodo was an Italian poet. He was born in 1901, dying in 1968.
*Saxon
The Saxons were a Teutonic race which invaded Britain between the 5th and 7th centuries. 
*Saxred
Saxred was joint ruler of the East Saxons in 614.
*Sean O'Casey
Sean_O'Casey was an Irish playwright. He was born in 1884 at Dublin and died in 1966.
*Sebastien Le Prestre De Vauban
Sebastien_Le_Prestre_De Vauban was a French soldier. He was born in 1633 at Burgundy and died in 1707. He spent most of his life constructing and besieging fortresses. He developed systems of attack and defence which made the French school of fortification the first in Europe. He also wrote several books on the strategy of fortress attack and defence.
*Sebastien Vauban
Sebastien de Prestre de Vauban was a French military engineer. He was born in 1633, dying in 1707. He invented the socket bayonet and assisted Louis_XIV in the expansion wars.
*Sebbi
Sebbi was joint ruler of the East Saxons in 663 until he became a monk.
*Sebert
Sebert was the first christian king of the East Saxons. He reigned in 597. 
*Selred
Selred was king of the East Angles in 713. 
*Seminoles
The Seminoles are a north American tribe of Indians. They are an offshoot of the Choctaw_Muskogee tribe. They settled in Florida in 1750.
*Semite
The Semites are the peoples of the Middle East originally speaking a Semitic language, and
traditionally said to be descended from Shem, a son of Noah in the Bible. Ancient Semitic
peoples include the Hebrews, Ammonites, Moabites, Edomites, Babylonians, Assyrians,
Chaldaeans, Phoenicians, and Canaanites. The Semitic peoples founded the monotheistic
religions of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.
They speak languages of the Hamito-Semitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic family.
*Seneca
Lucius Annaeus Seneca was a Roman philosopher, dramatist and statesman. He was born in 4BC at Cordova and died in 65.
*Senussi
The Senussi are an islamic sect inhabiting the desert regions of Libya.
*Serb
The serbs are Yugoslavia's largest ethnic group, found mainly in Serbia, but also in the
neighboring independent republics of Bosnia-Herzegovina and Croatia. Their language,
generally recognized to be the same as Croat and hence known as Serbo-Croatian, belongs
to the Slavic branch of the Indo-European family. It has more than 17 million speakers.
The Serbs are predominantly Greek Orthodox Christians and write in a Cyrillic script.
*Sergei Prokofiev
Sergei_Prokofiev was a Russian composer. He was born in 1891 in the Ukraine and died in 1953.
*Sergi Diaghilev
Sergi_Pavlovich_Diaghilev was a Russian impressario. He was born in 1872 and died in 1929. 
*Sergi Rachmaninov
Sergi_Rachmaninov was a Russian composer born near lake ilman in 1873. He died in 1943. He wrote pieces for the piano. 
*Serjeant-at-Arms
The Serjeant-at-Arms is an officer of the House of Commons who has responsibility for keeping order. If the speaker orders a member to leave, the Serjeant-at-Arms must see that the member leaves.
*Seward
Seward was joint ruler of the East Saxons in 614.
*Sexburga
Sexburga was Queen of the West Saxons in 672.
*Shakers
The Shakers are an American religious sect, more properly called ''The United Society of Believers in Christ's Second Appearing''. The term Shakers was first applied to the Quakers, from whom the Shakers split off under Ann_Wardley in 1774. They belive God to be bisexual, reject the deity of Christ and practise communism.
*Shan
The Shan are a people of the mountainous borderlands separating Thailand, Myanmar (Burma),
and China. They are related to the Laos and Thais, and their language belongs to the Sino-
Tibetan family.
*Shepherd Kings
#Hycsos
*Sherpa
The Sherpa are a people of north east Nepal. 
*Shona
The Shona are a Bantu-speaking people of south Africa, comprising approximately 80% of the
population of Zimbabwe. They also occupy the land between the Save and Pungure rivers in
Mozambique, and smaller groups are found in South_Africa, Botswana, and Zambia. The
Shona are mainly farmers, living in scattered villages. The Shona language belongs to the
Niger-Congo family.
*Sidney Webb
Sidney James Webb was an English social reformer. He was born in 1859 and died in 1947.
*Siegfried Sassoon
Siegfried_Sassoon was an English writer. He was born in 1886 and died in 1967. He wrote poetry during the Great War which revealed the horror and wasteful destruction of the war. 
*Sigebert
Sigebert was joint ruler of the East Saxons in 614. Sigebert was king of the East Angles in 629. 
*Sigebert II
Sigebert_II (Sigebert the little) was king of the East Saxons in 623.
*Sigebert III
Sigebert_III (Sigebert the good) was king of the East Saxons in 655 until he was put to death. 
*Sigebright
Sigebright was king of the West Saxons in 754. Having murdered his friend Cumbran, the governor of Hampshire, he was himself slained by one of Cumbran's retainers.
*Sigenard
Sigenard was king of the East Saxons in 693. 
*Sigered
Sigered was king of the East Saxons in 799.
*Sigeric
Sigeric was king of the East Saxons in 799. He died while on a pilgrimage to Rome. 
*Sigher
Sigher was joint tuler of the East Saxons in 663.
*Sigrid Undset
Sigrid_Undset was a Norwegian writer. She was born in 1882 and died in 1949. She won the Nobel prize for literature in 1928. 
*Sigurd Snogoje
Sigurd_Snogoje was king of Denmark in 794. 
*Sikhs
The Sikhs are a group of people from Punjab who follow the religion of Baba Nanak. 
*Simon de Montfort
Simon_de_Montfort was an English statesman and soldier. He was born in 1208 and died in 1265 at the battle of Evesham. 
*Simone Martini
Simone_Martini was an Italian painter. He was born in 1283 and died in 1344. 
*Sindhi
The Sindhi are the majority ethnic group living in the Pakistani province of Sind. The Sindhi
language is spoken by about 15 million people. 
*Sinhalese
The Sinhalese are the majority ethnic group of Sri_Lanka (70% of the population). Sinhalese is the
official language of Sri_Lanka; it belongs to the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European
family, and is written in a script derived from the Indian Pali form. The Sinhalese are
Buddhists. 
*Sioux
The Sioux are a north American Indian tribe. 
*Sir Adolphus Ward
Sir_Adolphus_William_Ward was an English scholar. He was born in 1837 and died in 1924. He was master of Peterhouse from 1900, president of the British Academy from 1911 to 1913 and was knighted in 1913.
*Sir Alexander Douglas-Home
Sir_Alexander_Frederick_Douglas-Home is a British Conservative statesman. He was educated at Eton and Oxford. He entered Parliament in 1931. In 1960 he became Foreign Secretary. In 1963 he became Prime Minister.
*Sir Ambrose Fleming
Sir_Ambrose_Fleming was an English scientist. He was born in 1849 and died in 1945. In 1904 he invented the thermionic valve.
*Sir Anthony Van Dyck
Sir_Antony_Van_Dyck was a Dutch artist. He was born in 1599 at Antwerp and died in 1641. He was an assistant to Rubens.
*Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
Sir_Arthur_Conan_Doyle was a British author. He trained in medicine, but started writing to earn some money. He is best remembered for creating the character Sherlock Holmes. 
*Sir Arthur Eddington
Sir Arthur Stanley Eddington was a British astronomer and mathematician. He was born in 1882 at Kendal and died in 1944. He studied the internal constitution of stars.
*Sir Arthur Quiller-Couch
Sir_Arthur_Quiller-Couch was a British critic and novelist. He was born in 1863 at Fowey and ied in 1944. He wrote Dead Man's Rock.
*Sir Arthur Sullivan
Sir Arthur Seymour Sullivan was an English composer. He was born in 1842 and died in 1900. 
*Sir Astley Cooper
Sir Astley Paston Cooper was an English surgeon and the author of medical text books. He was born in 1768, dying in 1841.
*Sir Austen Chamberlain
Sir_Austen_Chamberlain was a British politician. He was born in 1863 at Birmingham and he died in 1937. He initiated the Locarno pact in 1925 which sought to reconcile France and Germany. Neville_Chamberlain was a British politician. He was born in 1869 and died in 1940. He became Prime Minister in 1937.
*Sir Charles Warren
Sir_Charles_Warren was a British general. He was born in 1840 and died in 1927. He was engaged in excavation work in Palestine from 1867 - 1870 and the commissioner for the settlement of the boundary between the Orange_Free_State and Griqualand_West in 1876 and 1877.
*Sir Charles Wheatstone
Sir_Charles_Wheatstone was an English scientist. He was born in 1802 near Gloucester and died in 1875. He invented the Wheatstone bridge which measures electrical resistance. 
*Sir Christopher Cradock
Sir_Christopher_Cradock was a British sailor. He was born in 1862 and died in 1914. He entered the Navy in 1875 and served in the Egyptian campaign in 1884 and the Sudan in 1891. He commanded the naval brigade at the relief of Peking in 1900 and was appointed rear-admiral in 1910. He went down on the Monmouth on November 1st 1914 whilst trying to protect southern trade routes during the Great_War. 
*Sir Christopher Wren
Sir_Christopher_Wren was an English architect. He was born in 1632 at East_Knoyle and died in 1723. He designed St. Paul's Cathedral in London after the Great Fire Of London in 1666. 
*Sir Clive Sinclair
Sir_Clive_Sinclair is the English electronics genius who produced the first widely available pocket calculator and a series of home computers. 
*Sir David Gill
Sir_David_Gill was a Scottish astronomer. He was born in 1843 at Aberdeen and died in 1914. He organised expeditions to observe two transits of venus and in 1885 completed a systematic survey of the southern heavens and by 1898 had published a catalogue of 450,000 stars.
*Sir Edward Codrington
Sir_Edward_Codrington was a British admiral. He was born in 1770 and died in 1851. He commanded the Orion at the Battle of Trafalgar, and served in the war with America, 1814. As commander of the Allied Mediterranean Fleet in 1827 he defeated the Turkish and Egyptian navies at Navarino and secured the evacuation of the Morea in 1828.
*Sir Edward Coke
Sir_Edward_Coke was an English judge. he was born in 1552 and died in 1634. He was known as the greatest common lawyer of all time. He was a member of parliament in 1589 and Attorney-General in 1594. In 1603 he conducted the Raleigh trial and in 1605 the Gunpowder Plot trial. In 1606 he was appointed Chief Justice. Coke upheld the common law against the Crown, the Church, and the Admiralty.
*Sir Edward Elgar
Sir_Edward_Elgar was an English composer. He was born in 1857 and died in 1934.
*Sir Edward German
Sir_Edward_German was an English composer. He was born in 1862 at Whitchurch and died in 1936. He produced light operas including Merrie England and Tom Jones.
*Sir Edward Jenner
Sir_Edward_Jenner was an English physician. He was born in 1749 at Berkeley and died in 1823. He developed a vaccine for smallpox from cowpox, and thus created the concept of innoculation through mild infection to allow the body's immune system to develope strength against a particular virus.
*Sir Edward Schafer
Sir_Edward_Schafer was a British physiologist. He was born in 1850. He worked at Edinburgh university and gave a famous address on the origin of life at Dundee in 1912. He was knighted in 1913.
*Sir Edwin Landseer
Sir Edwin Henry Landseer was an English painter. He was born in 1802 at London and died in 1873. He was knighted in 1850. Typically he painted pictures of animals.
*Sir Ernest Shackleton
Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton was an Antarctic explorer. He was born in 1874 at Kilkee and died in 1922 of heart-failure whilst on Scott's third expedition to the south-pole. 
*Sir Eyre Coote
Sir_Eyre_Coote was a British general. He was born in 1726 and died in 1783. He served against the Jacobites in 1745, and later in India. He assisted Clive at Calcutta and at Plassey in 1756. In the campaign against the French in the Carnatic, Coote won the battle of Wandewash in 1760 and was with Monson at the siege of Pondicherry in 1761.
*Sir Francis Drake
Sir_Francis_Drake was an English seaman. He was born in 1545, dying in 1596. 
*Sir Francis Galton
Sir_Francis_Galton was an English anthropologist and eugenist. He made explorations in south west Africa. He established the theory of anticyclones in meterology. He was born in 1822 and died in 1911. 
*Sir Francis Palgrave
Sir_Francis_Palgrave was an English historian. He was born in 1788 and died in 1861. He wrote ''History of England''. Francis_Turner_Palgrave was the son of Sir_Francis_Palgrave. He was an English critic and poet. He was professor of poetry at Oxford from 1886 to 1895. He was born in 1824 and died in 1897.
*Sir Francis Walsingham
Sir_Francis_Walsingham was an English statesman of the Puritan party. He was born in 1530 and died in 1590. He was ambassador to France in 1570 and appointed one of Elizabeth's secretaires of state in 1573. He was the chief agent in the execution of Mary_Queen_of_Scots. 
*Sir Frank Whittle
Sir_Frank_Whittle was an English inventor. he was born in 1907 at Leamington. He invented the jet propulsion engine for aircraft, first used in the Gloster E 2839 aircraft in 1941. 
*Sir Frederick Hopkins
Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins was a British scientist. He was born in 1861 and died in 1947. He discovered vitamins. 
*Sir Frederick Ouseley
Sir_Frederick_Ouseley was an English composer. He was born in 1825 in London and died in 1889. He mainly wrote church music. 
*Sir Frederick Treves
Sir_Frederick_Treves was an English surgeon. He was born in 1853 and died in 1923. He was one of the founders of the Red Cross society. He operated on Edward_VII for appendicitis in 1902.
*Sir George Cockburn
Sir_George_Cockburn was a British admiral He was born in 1772 and died in 1853. As captain of the Minerve he assisted Nelson at the blockade of Leghorn in 1796 and shared in the capture of Martinique in 1809. He took part in the American War at the capture of Washington and conveyed Napoleon to St._Helena in 1815.
*Sir George Paish
Sir_George_Paish was a British economist. He was born in 1867. He was assistant editor of the ''Statist'' from 1894 to 1900. He wrote ''Railways in Great Britain'' published in 1904. 
*Sir George Rooke
Sir_George_Rooke was a British admiral. He was born in 1650 and died in 1709. He commanded the squadron which relieved Londonderry in 1689.
*Sir George Stokes
Sir_George_Gabriel_Stokes was an Irish mathematician  and physicist to whom is due the modern theory of viscuous fluids and the discovery that rays beyond the violet end of the spectrum produce flourescence in certain substances. He was born in 1819 and died in 1903.
*Sir George Tryon
Sir_George_Tryon was a British admiral. He was born in 1832 and died in 1893. He commanded the Mediterranean fleet in 1891. His mistaken orders led to the sinking of the Victoria with himself and 358 officers and men on board off Tripoli. 
*Sir Gilbert Blane
Sir_Gilbert_Blane was a Scottish physician. He was born in 1749 in Ayrshire and died in 1834. He was private physician to Admiral Rodney, and then physician to the fleet in the West_Indies, in which position he introduced the use of lime-juice and other means of preventing scurvy among sailors. He wrote ''Elements of Medical Logic''.
*Sir Godfrey Kneller
Sir_Godfrey_Kneller was an Anglo-German artist. He was born in 1646 at Lubeck and died in 1723. He settled in England in 1674. 
*Sir Guy Dawber
Sir_Guy_Dawber was an English architect. He was born in 1861, dying in 1938. He did a lot of work to bring about the restoration of buildings throughout England.
*Sir Hans Sloane
Sir_Hans_Sloane was a collector of books and physician. He was born in Ireland in 1660. Upon his death in 1753 he left his 50000 volumes of books and manuscripts under his will to the nation, thus forming the British library.
*Sir Harry Lauder
Sir_Harry_Lauder was a Scottish variety actor. He was born in 1870 at Portobello and died in 1950. 
*Sir Henry Bessemer
Sir_Henry_Bessemer was born in 1813, dying in 1898. He invented the bessemer_Converter which is a three stage process for maKing cheap steel.
*Sir Henry Bishop
Sir Henry_Rowley_Bishop was an English composer. He was born in 1786, dying in 1855. He wrote home sweet home. 
*Sir Henry Doulton
Sir_Henry_Doulton was an English potter and inventor. He was born in 1820 and died in 1897. His father, John, was the owner of a pottery works in Lambeth, London. Henry entered the factory at the age of 15 and perfected the process of enamel glazing. 
*Sir Henry Frere
Sir_Henry_Bartle_Edward_Frere was the South_African High Commissioner, whose abortive attempt to unite South_Africa resulted in the Zulu War. He was born in 1815 and died in 1884.
*Sir Henry Irving
Sir_Henry_Irving was a British actor, and the first to be knighted. He was born in 1838 and died in 1905. Washington Irving was an American writer. He was born in 1783 at New_York and died in 1859.
*Sir Henry Joseph Wood
Sir_Henry_Joseph_Wood was an English conductor. He was born in 1869 in London and died in 1944.
*Sir Henry Morgan
Sir_Henry_Morgan was a Welsh buccaneer. As the leader of the West_Indian
buccaneers he sacked Porto Bello and commited atrocities against the inhabitants. He was captured and sent to England in chains, however Charles_II pardoned him and made him governor of Jamaica. He was born in 1635 and died in
1688.
*Sir Henry Raeburn
Sir_Henry_Raeburn was a Scottish portrait painter. He was born in 1756 and died in 1823. 
*Sir Henry Roscoe
Sir Henry Enfield Roscoe was an English chemist. He was born in 1833 at London and died in 1915. His chief researches were on vanadium and the chemical action of light, but he was also notable for the stimulus he gave to the study of technical chemistry in Britain, and for his literary work. 
*Sir Henry Tate
Sir_Henry_Tate was an English art collector and sugar refiner. He was born in 1819 and died in 1899. He donated the Tate collection and a picture gallery to the people of Britain.
*Sir Hiram Maxim
Sir Hiram Stevens Maxim was an American inventor. He was born in 1840 at Sangerville and died in 1916. He invented the automatic quick-firing gun (machine gun). 
*Sir Humphry Davy
Sir_Humphry_Davy was an English chemist. He was born in 1778 at Penzance and died in 1829. he studied under Lavoisier and Nicholson and became superintendent of the Pneumatic Institution in Bristol. There he studied the properties of nitrous_oxide, and as a result was made assistant lecturer by the Royal Institution, London. He invented the Davy safety-lamp for miners.
*Sir Isaac Newton
Sir_Isaac_Newton was an English scientist. He was born at Woolsthorpe in 1642, dying in 1727. He put forward the theory that the universe is regulated by simple mathematical laws.
*Sir Jacob Epstein
Sir_Jacob_Epstein was an American born sculptor who lived in England. He was born in 1880 and died in 1959.
*Sir James Black
Sir_James_Black is a British scientist. He was born in 1924. He was awarded a nobel prize for medicine in 1988 for his work on drugs which prevent heart attacks.
*Sir James Dewar
Sir_James_Dewar was a British chemist and physicist. He was born in 1842 and died in 1923. Together with Abel he had a part in the invention of cordite but he is chiefly remembered for his work with the liquefacation of gasses and researches on the electrical and other properties of matter at low temperatures. In 1898 he liquified hydrogen. He became president of the Vritish Association in 1902 and was knighted in 1914.
*Sir James Frazer
Sir James George_Frazer was a British scholar and anthropologist. He studied the religion and magic of primitive peoples, the findings of which he published in the book The Golden Bough. He was born in 1854 and died in 1941. 
*Sir James Jeans
Sir_James_Jeans wrote many popular books on astronomy. He was born in 1877 at Ormskirk and died in 1946. 
*Sir James Outram
Sir_James_Outram was a British soldier. He was born in 1803 and died in 1863. He carried out a famous ride in disguise through Afghanistan in 1839 during the Afghan war. He distinguished himself during the Indian mutiny. 
*Sir James Paget
Sir_James_Paget was a British surgeon and lecturer. He was born in 1814 and died in 1899. He worked at St Bartholomew's hospital, London.
*Sir John Barry
Sir_John_Wolfe_Barry was a civil engineer who built Tower_Bridge. He was born in 1836 and died in 1918.
*Sir John Betjeman
Sir John_Betjeman was an English poet. He was born in 1906, dying in 1984. He was the poet laureate from 1972 to 1984. 
*Sir John Millais
Sir John_Everett Millais was an English painter. He was born in 1829 at Southampton and died in 1896.
*Sir John Robeck
Sir_John_Michael_De_Robeck was a British admiral. He was born in 1862 and died in 1928. He commanded the naval force at Dardanelles. 
*Sir John Soane
Sir John_Soane was an English architect and collector. He was born in 1753 near Reading and died in 1837.
*Sir John Vanbrugh
Sir_John_Vanbrugh was an English dramatist and architect. He was born in 1664 in London and died in 1726. His first comedy, ''The Relapse'', opened in 1696. He designed Blenheim Palace and Castle Howard.
*Sir Joseph Banks
Sir_Joseph_Banks was a British botanist who accompanied Captain Cook on his first voyage and was mainly responsible for the colonization of Australia. He was born in 1743 and died in 1820. Nathaniel_Prentiss_Banks was an American politician and soldier. He defended Washingston from Jackson's army in 1862. He was born in 1816 and died in 1894.  Thomas_Banks was an English sculptor. He was born in 1735 and died in 1805. He made the monument to Dr. Watts in Westminster Abbey.
*Sir Joseph Whitworth
Sir_Joseph_Whitworth was an English mechanical engineer and inventor. He was born in 1803 at Stockport and died in 1887. In 1835 he invented the knitting machine. In 1869 he invented a process of fluid compression for making steel for use in guns.
*Sir Joshua Reynolds
Sir_Joshua_Reynolds was an English portrait painter. He was born in 1723 near Plymouth and died in 1792. 
*Sir Malcolm Campbell
Sir_Malcolm_Campbell was a British racing motorist. He set land speed records and speed-boat speed records. He was born in 1885 and died in 1949. Donald Campbell was the son of Malcolm Campbell. He broke the world water speed record on Ullswater in 1955. He was born in 1921 and died in 1967. 
*Sir Martin Frobisher
Sir_Martin_Frobisher was an English navigator. He was born in 1535 and died in 1594. He distinguished himself against the Spanish Armada, and was the first Englishman to attempt a North-west passage to Cathay.
*Sir Matthew Smith
Sir_Matthew_Smith was an English painter. He was born in 1879 at Halifax and died in 1959. 
*Sir Moses Montefiore
Sir_Moses_Haim_Montefiore was a Jewish philanthropist who made a fortune on the London stock market. He was born in 1784 and died in 1885. He became sheriff of London in 1837. He secured better treatment for Jews in various countries, including: Turkey, Russia, Moldavia and Morocco.
*Sir Paul Vinogradoff
Sir_Paul_Vinogradoff was a Russian jurist. he was born in 1854 and died in 1925. He settled in England and became corpus professor of jurisprudence at Oxford in 1903. He lectured at Harvard in 1907 and Calcutta from 1913 to 1914. He was literary director of the Selden Society and director of publications of the British Academy. He was knighted in 1917. 
*Sir Peter Lely
Sir_Peter_Lely was a Dutch born painter. He was born in 1618 and died in 1680. He came to England in 1641 as a portrait painter. 
*Sir Peter Rubens
Sir Peter Paul Rubens was a flemish painter. He was born in 1577, dying in 1640. 
*Sir Philip Sidney
Sir_Philip_Sidney was an English poet, soldier and courtier. He was born in 1554 and died in 1586. 
*Sir Rabindranath Tagore
Sir_Rabindranath_Tagore was an Indian poet. He was born in 1861 and died in 1941.
*Sir Reginald Bowker
Sir Reginald James Bowker was a British statesman. He was born in 1901. He was ambassador to Burma from 1948 to 1950, ambassador to Turkey from 1954 to 1958 and ambassador to Austria from 1958 to 1961.
*Sir Richard Grenville
Sir_Richard_Grenville was an Elizabethan English seaman. He was born in 1541 and died in 1591. He commanded Raleigh's expedition to Virginia.
*Sir Richard Steele
Sir_Richard_Steele was an Irish author, founder, editor and, with Addison, chief contributor of The Tatler and The_Spectator. He was born in 1672 and died in 1729.
*Sir Richard Wallace
Sir_Richard_Wallace was an English art collector. He was born in 1818 and died in 1890.
*Sir Robert Peel
Sir_Robert_Peel was an English statesman. He was born in 1788 at Bury and died in 1850. As Home Secretary he reformed the prison service and established the Metropolitan Police Force. He was twice Prime Minister, in 1834 and from 1841 until 1846. 
*Sir Samuel Cunard
Sir_Samuel_Cunard was the founder of the Cunard shipping line. He was born in Wales in 1787, dying in 1865.
*Sir Sidney Colvin
Sir_Sidney_Colvin was an English literary critic and art publisher. He was born in 1845 and died in 1927. He was Slade Professor of Fine Art at Cambridge from 1873 to 1885 and Keeper of Prints and Drawings at the British Musuem from 1884 to 1912. 
*Sir Stafford Cripps
Sir_Stafford_Cripps was a British Labour MP. He was born in 1889, dying in 1952. He was chancellor of the exchequer in post-war Britain. 
*Sir Thomas Browne
Sir_Thomas_Browne was a British prose writer. He was born in 1605 and died in 1682. He wrote ''Religio Medici'' and ''Pseudodoxia Epidemica''. 
*Sir Thomas Malory
Sir Thomas_Malory was an English writer. He lived around 1450. He wrote Le Morte d'Arthur about King Arthur. 
*Sir Thomas More
Sir Thomas_More was an English statesman and politician. He was born in 1478 at London and died in 1535. 
*Sir Thomas Roe
Sir_Thomas_Roe was a famous English ambassador to the West_Indies and Brazil. He was born in 1568 and died in 1644.
*Sir Thomas Troubridge
Sir_Thomas_Troubridge was a British read-admiral. He was born in 1758 and died in 1807. He distinguished himself at the capture of Sartine.
*Sir Thomas Wyatt
Sir_Thomas_Wyatt was a British poet. He was born in 1503 and died in 1542. He wrote ''Certayne Psalmes''.
*Sir Walter Raleigh
Sir_Walter_Raleigh was an English soldier, explorer and author. He was born in 1552 near Sidmouth and died in 1618.
*Sir Walter Scott
Sir_Walter_Scott was a Scottish novelist. He was born in 1771 at Edinburgh and died in 1832. 
*Sir William Bowman
Sir William_Bowman was an English anatomist and surgeon. He was born in 1816 and died in 1892. He collaborated with Todd in writing ''The Physiological Anatomy''. 
*Sir William Crookes
Sir_William_Crookes was an English physicist. He was born in 1832, dying in 1919. He discovered the element thallium in 1861. He invented the crookes_ tube in 1874. 
*Sir William Davenant
Sir_William_Davenant was an English poet and dramatist. He was born in 1606 and died in 1668.
*Sir William Dugdale
Sir_William_Dugdale was an English antiquary and Garter King-of-Arms. He was born in 1605 and died in 1686. He was a Royalist, and accompanied Charles_I to Oxford during the Civil War. At the Restoration he was appointed King-of-Arms and knighted.
*Sir William Fairbairn
Sir_William_Fairbairn was a Scottish engineer. He was born in 1789 at Kelso and died in 1874. He built the Conway and Menai tubular bridges in 1845. 
*Sir William Fettes
Sir_William_Fettes was a Scottisj man who left a large sum of money for the education of orphans and other unfortunate children. He was born in 1750 and died in 1836. 
*Sir William Fletcher Barrett
Sir_William_Fletcher_Barrett was a British scientist. He was the principal founder of the Society for Psychical Research. He was born in 1844 and died in 1925.
*Sir William Herschel
Sir William_Herschel was an anglo-German astronomer. He was born in 1738 and died in 1822. He discovered the planet Uranus.
*Sir William Nicholson
Sir William_Nicholson was an English painter. He was born in 1872 at Newark and died in 1949.
*Sir William Orchardson
Sir William_Orchardson was a British genre and portrait painter. He was born at Edinburgh in 1835 and died in 1910.
*Sir William Osler
Sir_William_Osler was a Canadian physician and author. He was born in 1849 and died in 1919. He studied at Montreal, London, Berlin and Vienna and became professor of medicine at Oxford in 1905, a post he held until his death. He wrote ''Principles and Practice of Medicine''. 
*Sir William Penney
Sir William_George_Penney is a British atomic scientist. He was born in 1909 at Gibraltar. 
*Sir William Perkin
Sir William_Henry_Perkin was an English chemist. He was born in 1838 and died in 1907. He discovered aniline dyes. 
*Sir William Ramsay
Sir William_Ramsay was a Scottish scientist. He was born in 1852 in Glasgow and died in 1916. He discovered the inert gases which include helium, argon and neon.
*Sir William Robertson
Sir William_Robertson was the only British soldier to join as a private and make field-marshal. He was born in 1860, dying in 1933.
*Sir William Wallace
Sir_William_Wallace was a Scottish patriot. He was born in 1270 and died in 1305. He organised Scottish resistance to Edward_I in 1297 and was for a time successful until he was defeated by Edward_I at Falkirk in 1298. He continued to wage war against England until he was betrayed and captured in 1305 when he was taken to London and executed. 
*Sir William Walton
Sir William_Walton was an English composer. He was born in 1902 at Oldham. 
*Sir William Watson
Sir_William_Watson was an English poet. He was born in 1858 and wrote mainly political poems, but made his reputation with the poem ''Wordsworth's Grave'' in 1890.
*Sir Winston Churchill
Sir_Winston_Leonard_Spencer_Churchill was a Britsh statesman. He was born in 1874 at Blenheim Palace and died in 1965. He was Britains Prime Minister during the Second_World_War. 
*Sitting Bull
Sitting_Bull was a great leader of the sioux.
*Sixtus I
Sixtus_I was bishop of Rome from 115 until 125.
*Skalds
The Skalds were ancient Scandinavian poets, who composed poems in honour of the distinguished men and their prowess, and recited or sang them on public occasions. 
*Skanderbeg
George_Castriota (Skanderbeg) was an Albanian hero. He was born in 1403 and died in 1468. In 1414 the Turks invaded Albania and captured his uncle's fortress. Castriota was taken to Constantinople and given the Turkish name and title of Iskandar Bey, which was later corrupted into Skanderbeg. In 1443 Albania revolted and Castriota returned to free the country. 
*Slav
The Slavs are an Indo-European people in central and east Europe, the Balkans, and parts of north
Asia, speaking closely related Slavonic languages. The ancestors of the Slavs are believed to
have included the Sarmatians and Scythians. Moving west from Central Asia, they settled in
east and south east Europe during the 2nd and 3rd millennia BC. 
*Sledda
Sledda was a son of Ella and king of the East Saxons in 587. 
*Slovene
The Slovene are the Slavic people of Slovenia and parts of the Austrian Alpine provinces of Styria
and Carinthia. There are 1.5-2 million speakers of Slovene, a language belonging to the
South_Slavonic branch of the Indo-European family. The Slovenes use the Roman alphabet
and the majority belong to the Roman Catholic Church.
*Smatchet
A smatchet is an inconsequential or unimportant person.
*Socrates
Socrates was a Greek philosopher. He was born in 469BC and died in 399BC.
*Solomon
Solomon was the third King of the Hebrews. He lived around 960BC.
*Sophocles
Sophocles was a Greek dramatist. He was born in 496BC at Colonus and died in 406BC.
*Sotho
The Sotho are a large ethnic group in southern Africa, numbering about 7 million and
living mainly in Botswana, Lesotho, and South_Africa. The Sotho are predominantly farmers,
living in small village groups. They speak a variety of closely related languages belonging to
the Bantu branch of the Niger-Congo family. With English, Sotho is the official language of
Lesotho.
*Sovereign
A Sovereign is a supreme ruler, especially it is a term applied to a monarch.
*Spartacus
Spartacus was a Roman gladiator and slave. He escaped and led a slave insurrection routing several Roman armies before he was killed by crassus. 
*St. Edmund
St. Edmund was a vassal king of the East Angles in 870. He was slain by the Danes. 
*St. Elizabeth
St._Elizabeth was a Hungarian saint. She was born in 1207 and died in 1231. She was the daughter of Andrew_II and the wife of Louis_IV. She was famous for her charity and piety.
*St. Ethelbert
St. Ethelbert was the first christian king of the Heptarchy in 560.
*St. Vincent de Paul
St. Vincent de Paul was a French priest. He was born in 1576 and died in 1660. He instituted the Lazarist_Society and worked among galley slaves. He was canonized in 1737.
*Stanley Baldwin
Stanley_Baldwin was an English statesman. He was born in 1867, dying in 1947. He was prime minister three times. 
*Stanley Spencer
Stanley_Spencer was an English painter. He was born in 1891 and died in 1959.
*Steen Blicher
Steen Stensen Blicher was a Danish poet and novelist. He was born in 1782 and died in 1848. His novels give an accurate account of country life in Jutland in the middle of the 19th century.
*Stendhal
Stendhal was a French novelist. He was born in 1783 and died in 1842.
*Stephane Mallarme
Stephane_Mallarme was a French poet. He was born in 1842 at Paris and died in 1898. He founded the Symbolists school of poetry.
*Stephen
Stephen was King of England from 1135 to 1154. 
*Stephen Benet
Stephen_Vincent_Benet was an American writer. He was born in 1898 and died in 1943. He wrote the poem John_Brown's Body which deals with the American Civil War. 
*Stevedore
A stevedore is someone who takes charge of the loading and unloading of cargoes. A ship's master is supposed to be a competent stevedore, and is responsible for bad stowage. But a professional stevedore is generally appointed and shipowners are responsible for stowage.
*Stoic
A Stoic was a follower of an Athenian school of philosophy named from the stoa (porch) in which its founder, Zeno of Citium, taught. 
*Subahdar
Subahdar was the title of a governor of a province under the Mogul rule in India. During the British occupation of India, Subahdar was the designation given to a native Captain in the Indian army. 
*Suebricht
Suebricht was king of the East Saxons in 709.
*Suenon
Suenon was king of Denmark in 1047.
*Suenon the Forked-beard
Suenon_the_Forked-beard was king of Denmark in 991.
*Suffragette
Suffragettes were the members of the women's suffrage movement who campaigned for women to be allowed to vote. The movement was abolished in 1918 when women aged 30 were allowed to vote. 
*Sufis
Sufis are Islamic mystics, so named from their garments of wool, known in Arabic as ''suf''. The various orders of Dervish arose from the Sufis. 
*Sun Yat Sen
Sun_Yat_Sen was the founder and first President of the Chinese Republic. He was born in 1867 and died in 1925. Whilst studying medicine in Hong_Kong he took part in a revolutionary plot in 1895 and upon its discovery fled to England. He was captured in 1896 by the Chinese Legation in London and held prisoner until his release was demanded by the Prime_Minister. In 1905 he founded the China Revolutionary League in Europe and Japan and played a large part in the revolution of 1911. 
*Sun Yat-Sen
Sun_Yat-Sen was a Chinese statesman. He was born in 1866 and died in 1925. 
*Susan Ferrier
Susan_Ferrier was a Scottish author. She was born in 1782 and died in 1854. She published several novels anonymously, and in 1831 wrote the book ''Destiny''.
*Susan Warner
Susan_Warner was an American author. She was born in 1819 and died in 1885. Under the pseudonym of Elizabeth_Wetherell she wrote a series of tales of domestic life including ''The Wide, Wide World''.
*Swazi
The swazi are the majority group of people in Swaziland. The Swazi are primarily engaged in
cultivating and raising livestock, but many work in industries in South_Africa. The Swazi
language belongs to the Bantu branch of the Niger-Congo family.
*Sweyn III
Sweyn_III was king of Denmark in 1137 until he was beheaded in 1147. 
*Swithelm
Swithelm was king of the East Saxons in 661. 
*Swithred
Swithred was king of the East Saxons in 738. 
*Szlachta
The Szlachta were the Polish land owning aristocratic class up until the mid-20th century. 
*Tagalog
The Tagalog are the majority ethnic group living around Manila on the island of Luzon, in the
Philippines, who number about 10 million. The Tagalog live by fishing and trading. In
its standardized form, known as Pilipino, Tagalog is the official language of the Philippines,
and belongs to the Western branch of the Austronesian family. The Tagalog religion is a
mixture of animism, Christianity, and Islam.
*Tai
The Tai are the groups of south east Asian peoples who speak Tai languages, all of which
belong to the Sino-Tibetan language family. There are over 60 million speakers, the majority
of whom live in Thailand. Tai peoples are also found in south-west China, north west Myanmar (Burma),
Laos, and north Vietnam. 
*Talapoin
A talapoin is a Buddhist priest or monk. 
*Tamerlane
Tamerlane (Timur) was King of Samarkland. He was born in 1336 and died in 1405. He extended the Mongol empire through Persia, Georgia, Armenia and Russia. 
*Tamil
The Tamils are the majority ethnic group living in the Indian state of Tamil_Nadu.
Tamils retain a distinct culture. They possess an ancient literary tradition and have developed
their own court arts. The majority of Tamils are farmers, cultivating rice in irrigated fields. They
are also known for their handicrafts, including pottery. 
*Tamils
The Tamils are an indigenous people of southern India and Sri_Lanka. 
*Tancred
Tancred was a hero of the first Crusade. He was born in 1078 of Marquis Odo the Good and Emma. He died in 1112 of a wound received at Antioch. 
*Tasaday
The Tasaday are an indigenous people of the rainforests of Mindanao in the Philippines.
*Tatian
Tatian was a heresiarch of the 2nd century. He was born in Ethiopia around 120 and died around 172. He became a disciple of Justin, after whose martyrdom he left Rome and travelled the Middle East preaching. He taught abstinence from wine, meat and marriage and disbelieved the divinity of Christ.
*Tauregs
#Tuareg
*Tauri
The Tauri were the earliest known inhabitants of the Crimea. 
*Tenessee Williams
Tenessee_Williams (Thomas_Lanier) is an American playwright. He was born in 1914. He wrote ''A Street Car Named Desire'' and ''Cat on a Hot Tin Roof''.
*Thales
Thales was a Greek philosopher. He was born in 636BC and died in 546 BC. 
*Thane
In English history, a thane was someone who was awarded land by the King or another superior as a reward for military service. Thanes ranked between ordinary freemen and hereditary nobles. Thane was the Saxon word for a Vavasour, and the Norman word for a Baron. 
*Theodore Dreiser
Theodore_Dreiser was an American writer born in 1871. He died in 1945. 
*Theodore Gericault
Theodore_Gericault was a French painter. He was born in 1791 at Rouen and died in 1824. He introduced the idea of painting directly onto canvas. 
*Theodore Roosevelt
Theodore_Roosevelt was president of the USA. He was born in 1858, dying in 1919. 
*Theodoric
Theodoric was king of Bernicia in 580. 
*Theophile Delcasse
Theophile_Delcasse was a French statesman. He was born in 1852 and died in 1923. As Foreign Minister he effected in 1904 the Franco-British Treaty regarding Morocco and Egypt, which so aroused German resentment that he was forced to resign. 
*Theophile Gautier
Theophile_Gautier was a French poet and novelist. He was born in 1811 at Tarbes and died in 1872.
*Theophrastus
Theophrastus of Lesbos was a Greek naturalist. He was born in 368BC and died in 284BC. He wrote A History of Plants. 
*Thomas Bowdich
Thomas_Edward Bowdich was an African explorer. He was born in 1790 and died in 1824 of disease in the Gambia.
*Thomas Carew
Thomas_Carew was a British poet. He was born in 1595 and died in 1639. 
*Thomas Chatterton
Thomas_Chatterton was an English poet. He was born in 1752 and died in 1770. 
*Thomas Chippendale
Thomas_Chippendale was one of England's most famous furniture makers. He was born in 1718 in Yorkshire and died in 1779. 
*Thomas Clarkson
Thomas_Clarkson was an English anti-slavery advocate. He was born in 1760 and died in 1846. He published a Latin essay on slavery in 1786 and organised a campaign for the abolition of slavery in Africa. In 1823 he assisted in founding the Anti-Slavery Society for the suppression of slavery in the West_Indies. 
*Thomas Coram
Thomas_Coram was a Dorset seaman. He was born in 1668 and died in 1751. He established the Foundling Hospital, which was chartered in 1739 and intended as a refuge for the numerous unwanted children of London. He spent all his money on charities, and towards the end of his life was reduced to poverty, when an annuity was raised for him by public subscription.
*Thomas Coutts
Thomas_Coutts was a British banker. He was born in 1735 at Edinburgh and died in 1822. He founded the London banking house of Coutss and Co., becoming the sole partner on his brother's death in 1778. He acted as banker to George_III.
*Thomas Cranmer
Thomas_Cranmer was archbishop of canterbury under Henry_VIII. He was born in 1489, dying in 1556 when he was burnt at the stake for refusing to revert his religion under Mary.
*Thomas Cromwell
Thomas_Cromwell was Earl of Essex and an English administrator. He was born in 1485 and died in 1540. He was secretary and chief minister to Henry_VIII and directed the divorce proceedings against Catherine_of_Aragon. He promoted the Act_of_Supremacy in 1534 to try to get absolute power for the King.
*Thomas Day
Thomas_Day was an English author. He was born in 1748 and died in 1789. He wrote "The History of Sandford and Merton". 
*Thomas De Quincey
Thomas_De_Quincey was an English writer. He was born in 1785 and died in 1859. 
*Thomas de Torquemada
Thomas_de Torquemada was a Dominican monk and founder of the Spanish Inquisition. He was born in 1420 and died in 1498.
*Thomas Dekker
Thomas_Dekker was an English dramatist and writer. He was born in 1570 and died in 1641. He wrote plays which provide a view of contemporary life in London. 
*Thomas Edison
Thomas_Alva Edison was an American scientist. He was born in 1847 and died in 1931. He invented the carbon filiament electric lamp and the phonograph. 
*Thomas Erastus
Thomas_Erastus was a German-Swiss student of medicine and theology. He was born in 1524 and died in 1583. He was Professor of Medicine at Heidelberg, and he advicated the teaching of Zwingli as opposed to Calvin in 1560. 
*Thomas Faed
Thomas_Faed was a Scottish painter. He was born in 1826 and died in 1900.
*Thomas Gainsborough
Thomas_Gainsborough was an English painter. He was born in 1727 at Sudbury and died in 1788. He is remembered for his portraits and landscapes.
*Thomas Girtin
Thomas_Girtin was an English watercolour artist. He was born in 1775 and died in 1802. 
*Thomas Gray
Thomas_Gray was an English writer. He was born in 1716 at London and died in 1771. 
*Thomas Heywood
Thomas_Heywood was a British dramatist. He lived during the 17th century and wrote 'A Woman Killed with Kindness''.
*Thomas Hobbes
Thomas_Hobbes was a British philosopher. He was born in 1588 at Malmesbury and died in 1679. He wrote Leviathan which was the first British political philosophy book. 
*Thomas Huxley
Thomas_Henry Huxley was an English biologist. He was born in 1825 at Ealing and died in 1895. He was an outspoken supporter of Darwin. 
*Thomas Jackson
Thomas_Jonathan Jackson was an American Confederate general. He was born in 1824 and died in 1863. He was nicknamed ''stonewall''. 
*Thomas Jefferson
Thomas_Jefferson was the third President of the USA. He was born in 1743 and died in 1826. 
*Thomas Kyd
Thomas_Kyd was a British dramatist. He was born in 1558 and died in 1594. He wrote ''The Spanish Tragedy''.
*Thomas Lanier
#Tenessee_William
*Thomas Lodge
Thomas_Lodge was a British poet. He was born in 1558 and died in 1625. 
*Thomas Macaulay
Thomas_Babington Macaulay was a British historian and politician. He was born in 1800 at Leicestershire and died in 1859. He entered parliament in 1830. He became Secretary for War in 1839.
*Thomas Malthus
Thomas_Robert Malthus was an English economist. He was born in 1766 near Guildford and died in 1834. He wrote The Essay on Population. 
*Thomas Mann
Thomas_Mann was a German novelist. He was born in 1875 at Lubeck and died in 1955. He won the Nobel prize for literature in 1929.
*Thomas Masaryk
Thomas_Garrigue Masaryk was the founder and first President of Czechoslovakia. He was born in 1850 at Moravia and died in 1937.
*Thomas Middleton
Thomas_Middleton was an English dramatist. He was born in 1570 and died in 1627. He is know for his realistic comedies and romantic plays. 
*Thomas Morley
Thomas_Morley was an English composer of madrigals. He was born in 1557, dying in 1603.
*Thomas Newcomen
Thomas_Newcomen was an English engineer. He was born in 1663 at Dartmouth and died in 1729. He developed the steam engine. 
*Thomas Otway
Thomas_Otway was an English dramatist. He was born in 1652 at Trotton in Sussex and died in 1685. He is renowned for his work ''Venice Preserved''.
*Thomas Paine
Thomas_Paine was an English writer on politics and religion. He was born in 1737 in Norfolk and died in 1809.
*Thomas Rowlandson
Thomas_Rowlandson was an English caricaturist. He was born in 1756 and died in 1827. 
*Thomas Sheraton
Thomas_Sheraton was the last of the great English cabinet-makers of the 18th century. He was born in 1751 and died in 1806. Sheraton continued the pursuit of lightness combined with strength which had been started by Hepplewhite. The influence of the Louis_XVI period is seen in his general avoidance of curves. Sheraton also used carving very sparingly and was more partial to inlay. 
*Thucydides
Thucydides was an Athenian historian. He was born in 460BC and died in 399BC. He wrote a history of the Peloponnesian War. 
*Thug
The thugs were a Hindu sect who strangled their victims as sacrifices to Kali. 
*Thuringian
The Thuringian were an ancient tribe of central Germany. They were conquered by the Franks in the 6th century. 
*Tigro
The Tigro are a people of north Ethiopia. The Tigro language is spoken by about 2.5 million people; it belongs
to the south east Semitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic family. Tigrinya is a closely related language
spoken slightly to the south. 
*Tintoretto
Jacopo Robusti (Tintoretto) was an Italian painter. He was born in 1518 in venice and died in 1594.
*Titian
Tiziano Vecellio (Titian) was an Italian painter. He was born in 1477 and died in 1576.
*Titilus
Titilus was king of the East Angles in 578.
*Titus Vespasianus
#Vespasian 
*Tlingit
The Tlingit are a North_American Indian people of the north west coast, living in south Alaska and north British
Columbia. They used to carve wooden poles representing their family crests, showing such
animals as the raven, whale, octopus, beaver, bear, wolf, and the mythical ''thunderbird''.
Their language is related to the Athabaskan languages. 
*Tobias Smollett
Tobias_Smollett was a British novelist. He was born in 1721 at Dalquhurne and died in 1771.
*Toltec
The Toltecs were a prehistoric people of Central_America to whom the Aztecs and the Mayas ascribed all their arts and ancient monuments. 
*Toltecs
#Toltec
*Torquato Tasso
Torquato_Tasso was an Italian poet. He was born in 1544 at Sorrento and died in 1595.
*Tory
Originally, a Tory was an Irish outlaw and robber (from the Irish word meaning to pursue for the sake of plunder). The term was applied to the Royalist party at the time of the Popish Plot but had acquired a political significance as early as 1654 when it was applied by the principal of Glasgow University to the forces maintaining the cause of Charles_II, as the political counterpart of Whig. Today the term is applied to the Conservatives in Britain with ironic accuracy to the original Irish meaning, many poorer Britains would say.
*Trajan
Trajan was a Roman emperor. He was born in 53 and died in 117. He became emperor in 98. He was a soldier, and fought many campaigns in Dacia, Armenia, Mesopotamia and Ctesiphon.
*Troglodyte
Troglodyte is a Greek term for a cave dweller, designating certain peoples in the ancient world. The
troglodytes of south Egypt and Ethiopia were a pastoral people. 
*Trouveres
The Trouveres were the court poets of north and central France in the Middle Ages. Their invariable theme was the trials undergone by a lover at the hands of his lady, who is already married to another. 
*Tswana
The Tswana are the majority ethnic group living in Botswana. The Tswana are divided into four subgroups: the
Bakwena, the Bamangwato, the Bangwaketse, and the Batawana. Traditionally they are rural-
dwelling farmers, though many now leave their homes to work as migrant laborers in South
African industries. The Tswana language belongs to the Bantu branch of the Niger-Congo
family. 
*Tuareg
The Tuareg are a nomadic Berber people of the west and central Sahara. 
*Tuaregs
 
*Tukano
The Tukano are an indigenous South_American Indian people of the Vaupos region on the
Colombian-Brazilian border, numbering approximately 2,000. An estimated 12,000 speak
languages related to Tukano. The other main Tukanoan groups are Bara, Barasana, Cubeo,
Desana, and Makuna.
*Tunguses
The Tunguses are a Mongolo-Tata people of east Siberia. They live in small groups and are primarily fishers, hunters, trappers and shepherds.
*Tuscarora
The Tuscarora are a North_American indian tribe. They originated from North_Carolina and are now a member of the Iroquois confederacy. 
*Tutankhamen
Tutankhamen (Tutenkhamon) was an Egyptian Pharaoh around 1400BC. He reigned for around 6 years and died at the age of 18. His tomb was excavated in 1922 by Howard_Carter and found to be intact and containing a large store of domestic furniture and objets d'art.
*Tutsi
The Tutsi are the minority ethnic group living in Rwanda and Burundi.
They are traditionally farmers.
*Twa
The Twa are an ethnic group comprising 1% of the populations of Burundi and Rwanda. The
Twa are the aboriginal inhabitants of the region. They are a pygmoid people, and live as
nomadic hunter-gatherers in the forests.
*Uffa
Uffa was the first king of the East Angles. He reigned in 571. 
*Uigur
The Uigur are a Turkic people living in north west China and Kazakhstan; they form about 80% of the population of the Chinese province of Xinjiang_Uygur. There are about 5 million speakers of
Uigur, a language belonging to the Turkic branch of the Altaic family; it is the official language of the province.
*Ulema
The Ulema were a general body of learned men in Muslim countries. They interpreted the Koran and consequently the law. From their numbers were chosen the principal officers until their suppression in 1926.
*Umpire
An umpire is someone to whose sole decision a matter in dispute between two parties is refered.
*Ursula Southill
#Mother_Shipton
*Ursulines
The Ursulines are a female monastic order which was formed in 1535 with the purpose of educating girls and tending for the sick and needy. It was declared a religious order under the rule of Saint_Augustine.
*Uzbeg
The Uzbegs are a Turki people of Uigur stock who migrated from Kashgaria to west Turkestan in the 14th century.
*Uzbegs
#Uzbeg 
*Uzbek
The Uzbek are a town-dwelling Turkic people of Turkestan and Uzbekistan. 
*Uzziah
Uzziah was King of Judah. He was born in 789 BC and died in 737 BC. He was the son of Amaziah. He became king at the age of sixteen and was a vigorous and able monarch who encouraged agriculture, equipped an army, fortified Jerusalem and conducted campaigns against the Philistines, Arabs and Amonites. He eventually died of leprosy.
*Vaishnava
The Vaishnava are a Bhakti sect devoted to Vishnu. 
*Vandals
The Vandals were a war-like Germanic tribe who between the 5th and 6th centuries invaded Gaul, Spain and North_Africa. In 455 they sacked Rome. They were renowned for wantonly destroying art treasures and books.
*Vasco da Gama
Vasco_Da_Gama was a Portugese explorer. He discovered the sea-route from Europe to India.
*Vassili Verestchagin
Vassili_Verestchagin was a Russian painter. He was born in 1842 and died in 1904. He studied under Geromes in Paris. He served in the wars with Turkey in 1877 and Japan in 1904. His paintings are on military subjects.
*Vauban
#Sebastien_Le_Prestre_De_Vauban
*Vaughan Williams
Ralph Vaughan Williams was an English composer. He was born in 1872 at Down_Ampney and died in 1958. 
*Vavasour
Vavasour was the original English name for what is now called a baron. 
*Vedda
The Vedda are the aboriginal peoples of Sri_Lanka, who occupied the island before the arrival of the Aryans about 550 BC. Formerly cave-dwelling hunter-gatherers, they have now almost
died out or merged with the rest of the population. They speak a Sinhalese language, belonging to the Indo-European family.
They live mainly in the central highlands, and many practise shifting cultivation. 
*Veddahs
The Veddahs are a tribe of Sri_Lanka, the last remaining remnants of the aboriginal people of Sri_Lanka. 
*Vergil
Publius Vergilius Maro (Vergil) was a Roman poet. He was born in 70BC near Mantua and died in 19BC.
*Vespasian
Vespasian (Titus_Flavius_Sabinus_Vespasianus) was a Roman emperor. He was born in 9 and died in 79. He commanded a legion in Britain and subdued the Isle_of_Wight between 43 and 44. In 63 he became governor of Africa and in 66 governor of Judaea. In 69 he was proclaimed emperor at Alexandria. During his reign he continued the conquest of Britain, restored peace to Rome, supressed the Batavians, Gauls and Jews and restored the finances of the state. He found money for monumental building works in Rome including the start of the Colosseum.
*Vicar
A vicar is a church of England priest. 
*Vicente Barrantes
Vicente_Barrantes was a Spanish publicist and author. He was born in 1829 and died in 1898.
*Viceroy
A viceroy is someone who acts as governor of a country or province by authority of the ruler.
*Victor Amadeus II
Victor_Amadeus_II was Duke of Savoy and the first King of Sardinia. He was born in 1666 and died in 1732.
*Victor Cousin
Victor_Cousin was a French educationalist and philosopher. He was born in 1792, dying in 1867. He founded the eclectic school. 
*Victor Emmanuel II
Victor_Emmanuel_II was King of Sardinia and of Italy. He was born in 1820 and died in 1878. Through his diplomacy he united Italy and was in 1871 crowned the first king of a united Italy.
*Victor Emmanuel III
Victor_Emmanuel_III was King of Italy. He was born in 1869 and succeeded to the throne on the assassination of his father, Humbert_I, in 1900. 
*Victor Hugo
Victor Marie Hugo was a French poet and novelist. He was born in 1802 at Besancon and died in 1885. His first poems were published in 1822.
*Victoria
Victoria was Queen of Great Britain and Ireland and Empress of India. She was born in 1819 and died in 1901. She succeeded to the throne in 1837 at the age of 18 and reigned until her death in 1901. 
*Victorien Sardou
Victorien_Sardou was a French dramatist. He was born in 1831, dying in 1908. 
*Vidkun Quisling
Vidkun_Quisling was a Norwegian traitor and puppet minister. He was born in 1887 and died in 1945 when he was executed following the liberation of Norway. 
*Viking
The Vikings (creek-dwellers) were generally the inhabitants of Scandinavia, and more particularly those of Norway between the 8th and 11th centuries.
*Vikings
The Vikings were the inhabitants of Scandinavia, and more particularly Norway from about the 8th to the 11th century. They were also called Norsemen, and Danes. They were great explorers and set up colonies in Ireland, France, and England as well as reaching Iceland, Greenland and Nova_Scotia. In 912 they were granted the duchy of Normandy, and these Vikings became known as Normans.
*Vilhjalmur Stefansson
Vilhjalmur_Stefansson was an Arctic explorer. He was born in 1879 in Manitoba of Icelandic parents and studied theology and anthropology at Harvard. 
*Villa
Francisco Villa was a Mexican revolutionary leader. He was born in 1877 and died in 1923 when he was assassinated. 
*Villeneuve
#Pierre_De_Villeneuve
*Vincent Van Gogh
Vincent_Van_Gogh was a Dutch painter. He was born in 1853 at Brabant and died in 1890 after shooting himself.
*Vinova Bhave
Vinova_Bhave is an Indian reformer and leader of the sarvodaya movement. He was born in 1895. He was a follower of Ghandi and campaigned for help for landless peasants. 
*Violet Vanbrugh
Violet_Vanbrugh was an English actress. She was born in 1867. She toured in America with the Kendals and was associated with Henry_Irving and Daly. In 1894 she married Arthur_Bourchier and divorced in 1918. 
*Virgil
Publius_Vergilius_Maro_Virgil was a Roman poet. He was born in 70 BC near Mantua and died in 19 BC. He studied philosophy under the Epicurean Siron at Rome and became one of Maecena's friends. 
*Virginia Woolf
Virginia_Woolf was an English novelist. She was born in 1882 and died in 1941. 
*Viscount
A Viscount was a sheriff who acted as deputy for the count or lord-lieutenant of a county. The title was first bestowed upon John_Beaumont in 1440 by Henry_VI. The term later developed into a rank of nobility between earl and baron. In Jersey a Viscount is an officer of the crown similar to an English coroner.
*Visigoths
#Goths 
*Vivaldi
Antonio_Vivaldi was an Italian composer. He was born in 1680 and died in 1743. 
*Vlachs
The Vlachs are a group of Romanian peoples living mainly in the region of the lower Danube.
*Vladimir Ilyich Lenin
Vladimir_Ilyich_Lenin was a Russian revolutionary. He was born in 1870 at Simbirsk and died in 1924. 
*Vladimir Nabokov
Vladimir_Nabokov is a Russian-born American author. He was born in 1899. He wrote Lolita.
*Vladimir Pachmann
Vladimir_Pachmann was a Russian pianist and interpreter of Chopin. He was born in 1848.
*Volsci
The Volsci were a people living in Italy during the period of the Roman Republic. They dwelt in the southern part of Latium and were the most persistent foes of the early Republic. 
*Voltaire
Voltaire was a French writer. He was born in 1694 in Paris and died in 1778. 
*W. B. Yeats
William_Butler Yeats was an Irish poet and dramatist. He was born in 1865 in Dublin and died in 1939.
*W. T. Sherman
W._T._Sherman was an American soldier of the American civil war. An American tank of the second world war was named after him. 
*Wahabis
The Wahabis were a Muslim sect founded in the middle of the 18th century in Nejd_Arabia by Mohammed_Abdul_Wahab, who attempted to restore the primitive simplicity of Islam and established a militant church at issue both with the infidel and with other forms of Islam. In 1818 the temporal power of the Wahabis in Arabia was crushed. 
*Wai-Wais
The Wai-Wais are a South_American indian tribe still found in Guyana.
*Waldemar II
Waldemar_II (Waldemar_the_Victorious) was king of Denmark in 1202. 
*Waldemar III
Waldemar_III was king of Denmark in 1340.
*Waldemar the Great
Waldemar_the_Great was king of Denmark in 1157.
*Waldemar the Victorious
#Waldemar_II 
*Waldenses
The Waldenses were a religious community founded by Peter_Waldo in 1170 when he renounced his possessions and wandered as a preacher of voluntary poverty. The group established themselves in the valleys of the Cottian_Alps and denounced the authority of the Church of Rome. As a result they were persecuted by the Duchess_of_Savoy in 1475 who ordered a war of extermination against them. In 1487 the Pope announced a Crusade against them. In 1686 the Duke_of_Savoy exiled to Geneva those he failed to forcibly convert. Three years later a small band returned and in 1848 were granted full religious and political rights. 
*Walloon
The Walloon are a French-speaking people of south-east Belgium and adjacent areas of France. The name Walloon is etymologically linked to Welsh. 
*Walt Disney
Walt_Disney was an American artist and film producer. He was born in 1901 and died in 1967. He is best remembered for his animations. His first successful animated film was Mickey Mouse which was released in 1928.
*Walt Whitman
Walt_Whitman was an American poet. He was born in 1819 at Long_Island and died in 1892.
*Walter Crane
Walter_Crane was an English painter and decorative artist. He was born in 1845 at Liverpool and died in 1915.
*Walter Landor
Walter Savage Landor was an English poet. He was born in 1775 at Warwick and died in 1864. He raised a private regiment to fight against Napoleon in Spain.
*Walter Ouless
Walter_William_Ouless was an English portrait painter. He was born in 1848 at St_Helier on Jersey. 
*Walter Pater
Walter_Pater was an English critic. He was born in 1839 and died in 1894.
*Walter Sickert
Walter Richard Sickert was an English artist. He was born in 1860 and died in 1942.
*Walter Skeat
Walter_Skeat was the first great English philologist. He was born in 1835 and died in 1912. He wrote The Principles of English Etymology and the Etymological English Dictionary. He was the founder and later President of the English Dialect Society. 
*Wapisiana
The Wapisianas are a South_American indian tribe still found in Guyana.
*Warraus
The Warraus are a South_American indian tribe still found in Guyana. 
*Warren Hastings
Warren_Hastings was governor general of India. He was born in 1732 and died in 1818. In 1788 he was tried for high crimes and misdemeanors. The trial lasted 7 years until he was acquitted in 1795. 
*Wassily Kandinsky
Wassily_Kandinsky was a Russian artist. He was born in 1866 at Moscow and died in 1944.
*Wat Tyler
Wat_Tyler was the leader of the English peasant's revolt of 1381.
*Whig
Whig was a nickname applied to the Covenanters in Scotland and later generally to the Presbyterian party in Scotland and the opponents of the monarchy in England. In the early 19th century the term was replaced with ''liberal''. 
*Wibba
Wibba was king of Mercia in 597. 
*Wihtred
Wihtred was king of the Heptarchy in 694.
*Wilbur Wright
Wilbur_Wright was the brother of Orville_Wright. He was born in 1867 and died in 1912. 
*Wilhelm Ostwald
Wilhelm_Ostwald was a German chemist. He was born in 1853 at Riga and died in 1932. He was appointed Professor of Chemistry in Leipzig in 1887 and conducted research into physical chemistry and solutions. 
*Wilhelm Wagner
Wilhelm_Richard_Wagner was a 19th century German composer. He was born in 1813 at Leipzig and died in 1883. His first opera, Rienzi, was refused in Paris but was accepted and performed at Dresden in 1842. It was followed by The_Flying_Dutchman in 1843. Owing to his revolutionary politics, he was exiled for some years and suffered great poverty until 1864 when Ludwig, King of Bavaria, provided him with a home and income at Munich. He later resided at Bayreuth where his great festival theatre was set up. In 1870 he married Cosima, daughter of Liszt.  
*Wilhem Messerschmitt
Wilhem_Messerschmitt was a German aircraft designer and manufacturer. He was born in 1898 and died in 1978. His planes included the first jet combat aircraft. 
*William Barents
Willem_Barents was a Dutch navigator who discovered Spitzbergen on his third voyage to find a north east passage to Asia in 1594. He died in 1597. 
*William Beveridge
William_Henry_Beveridge was the first baron beveridge. He was born in 1879, dying in 1963. He was an economist who designed the present British social_Security service. 
*William Blackwood
William_Blackwood was a Scottish publisher. He was born in 1776 in Edinburgh and died in 1834. He started publishing ''Blackwood's Magazine'' in 1817. 
*William Blake
William_Blake was an English poet and artist. He was born in London in 1757. He died in 1827.
*William Bligh
William_Bligh was the commander of the ship ''Bounty'' when the crew mutinied in the South_Seas. He was born in 1753 in Plymouth and died in 1817 in London. The mutiny occured while the Bounty was on course for Jamaica. Bligh and 18 men were cast adrift in a boat not far from Tonga. After a journey of 4000 miles they reached Timor and made it back to England. The mutineers sailed to Pitcairn Island where their ancestors still live.
*William Bowles
William_Lisle Bowles was an English poet. He was born in 1762 at King's_Sutton and died in 1850. 
*William Bowyer
William_Bowyer was an English printer. He was born in 1699 in London and died in 1777. In 1729 he became printer of the votes of the House Of Commons. In 1767 he was nominated printer of the journals of the House of Lords. 
*William Caxton
William_Caxton was the first English printer. He was born in 1422 and died in 1491. He established a press in Westminster in 1477 and from there he issued about 80 books. 
*William Clifford
William_Clifford was an English philosopher and mathematician. He was born in 1845 and died in 1879. He was professor at University College London. His mathematical works include treatises and lectures on elliptic functions and non-Euclidean geometry, bi-quaternions and Riemann's surface. His philosophical works deal mainly with the relations between the individual and society, especially in ethics. 
*William Cobett
William_Cobett was a British author and journalist. He was born in 1763 at Surrey and died in 1835.
*William Cody
William Fredk Cody was an American scout and showman. He was born in 1846 and died in 1917. He coined the nickname "Buffalo Bill" when in 1867 - 1868 he supplied 4000 buffaloes as food to the employees on the Kansas Pacific railway. He toured America and Europe with his famous Wild West Show between 1883 and 1887 and in 1904 wrote The Adventures of Buffalo Bill. 
*William Collins
William_Wilkie_Collins was an English novelist. He was born in 1824 and died in 1889. William_Collins was an English landscape painter.
*William Congreve
William_Congreve was an English playwright. He was born in 1670 at Leeds and died in 1729. He was educated in Ireland. He went to London when he was in his early twenties. He wrote comedy plays. 
*William Cowper
William_Cowper was an English poet. He was born in 1731 and died in 1800.
*William Dampier
William_Dampier was an English explorer. He was born in 1652. He died in 1715.In 1699 he was sent to explore the coast of Australia and New_Guinea.
*William Duell
William_Duell was executed for murder at Tyburn in 1740, but whilst undergoing dissection at Surgeons' Hall he came back to life.
*William Elphinstone
William_Elphinstone was a Scottish prelate and statesman. He was born in 1435 and died in 1514. He was envoy of Scotland to France on behalf of James_III and became Bishop of Aberdeen in 1484. He founded Aberdeen University. 
*William Faulkner
William_Harrison Faulkner was an American author. He was born in 1897 and died in 1962.
*William Gilbert
William_Gilbert was an English physician and physicist. He was born in 1544 at Colchester and died in 1603. He coined the word electricity to describe the property of amber for attracting light objects. He also pioneered work into magnetism.
*William Gladstone
William_Ewart Gladstone was an English Liberal member of parliament. He was born in 1808 and died in 1898. He was Chancellor of the Exchequer from 1852 until 1855 and Prime Minister from 1868 until 1874 and again from 1880 until 1885 and yet again from 1892 until 1894.
*William Godwin
William_Godwin was an English political writer and philosopher. He was born in 1756, dying in 1836.
*William Harvey
William_Harvey was an English physician. He was born in 1578 at Folkestone and died in 1657. He discovered the circulation of the blood. 
*William Heath Robinson
William_Heath_Robinson was an English cartoonist renowned for his humorous drawings of machines. He was born in 1872, dying in 1944. 
*William Hogarth
William_Hogarth was an English artist. He was born in 1697 at London and died in 1764. 
*William Hunt
William_Holman Hunt was an English painter. He was born in 1827 at London and died in 1910.
*William I
William_I was King of Scotland from 1165 to 1214.
*William James
William_James was an American psychologist. He was born in 1842 and died in 1910 
*William Janszoon
William_Janszoon was a Dutch explorer. He discovered Australia in 1606.
*William Kelvin
William_Thomson Kelvin was a professor of Natural Philosophy at Glasgow. He was born in 1824 at Belfast and died in 1907. He determined the absolute zero of temperature.
*William Langland
William_Langland was probably an English priest. He was born in 1332 and died in 1400. He is remembered for his poem The Visions of Piers The Plowman which gives a detailed account of English life at the time.
*William Laud
William_Laud was an English churchman. He was born in 1573 at Reading and died in 1645. He was made Archbishop of Canterbury in 1633.
*William Morris
William_Morris was an English poet, craftsman and socialist. He was born in 1834, dying in 1896. He founded the socialist league and the kelmscott press.
*William Nuffield
William_Richard Morris Nuffield was a British industrialist and philanthropist. He was born in 1877 at Worcester and died in 1963. 
*William Paley
William_Paley was an English theologian. He was born in 1743 and died in 1805. In 1782 he became archdeacon of Carlisle. He wrote ''Evidences of Christianity'' in 1794. 
*William Penn
William_Penn was an English quaker and the founder of Pennsylvania. He was born in 1644, dying in 1718.
*William Pitt
William_Pitt was a Whig politician. He was born in 1708 and died in 1778.
*William Pulteney
William_Pulteney was 1st Earl of Bath. He was born in 1684 and died in 1764. He led the opposition against Walpole, and became prime minister in 1741. 
*William Rossetti
William_Michael_Rossetti was the brother of Dante_Gabriele_Rossetti. He was an English author. He was born in 1829 and died in 1919. 
*William Shakespeare
William_Shakespeare was an English dramatist and poet. He was born in stratford upon avon in 1564, dying in 1616.
*William Somerset Maugham
William_Somerset Maugham was an English novelist. He was born in 1874 at Paris and died in 1965. 
*William Tell
William_Tell was a Swiss hero. He lived during the 14th century. 
*William Thackeray
William_Makepeace_Thackeray was an English novelist. He was born at calcutta in 1811, dying in 1863. He wrote vanity fair. 
*William Tyndale
William_Tyndale was a British translator and tract writer. He was born in 1492 and died in 1536. He translated the New_Testament.
*William Waddington
William_Henry_Waddington was a French diplomat. He was born in 1826 and died in 1894. He was ambassador to Great_Britain from 1883 to 1893 and was responsible in a great part for the friendly relations between France and Britain.
*William Wallace
William_Vincent_Wallace was a British composer. He was born in 1814 at Waterford and died in 1865. He composed operas. 
*William Wilberforce
William_Wilberforce was an English statesman. He was born in 1759 at Hull and died in 1833. His life was dedicated to the abolition of slavery.
*William Wordsworth
William_Wordsworth was an English poet. He was born in 1770 at Cockermouth and died in 1850. 
*William_II
William_II was a son of William_The_Conqueror and King of England from 1087 to 1100. 
*William_III
William_III was King of England from 1689 to 1702. 
*William_IV
William_IV was King of England from 1830 to 1837.
*Withlafe
Withlafe was king of Mercia in 825.
*Wolfgang Mozart
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was an Austrian composer. He was born at Salzburg in 1756, dying in 1791. He began his career at the age of 4 and toured Europe when he was 6. In 1781 he settled in vienna and became friends with haydn. 
*Wolof
The Wolof are the majority ethnic group living in Senegal. There is also a Wolof minority in Gambia. There are about 2 million speakers of Wolof, a language belonging to the Niger-
Congo family. The Wolof are predominantly arable farmers, and some also raise cattle. 
*Wulfhere
Wulfhere was king of Mercia in 656. He slew his two sons.
*Xenophanes
Xenophanes was a Greek poet and philosopher. He lived around 500BC.
*Xerxes
Xerxes was King of Persia. He was born in 519bc, dying in 465bc. He invaded Greece and defeated the spartans at thermopylae but he in turn was defeated at salamis.
*Xhosa
The Xhosa are a Bantu people of southern Africa, living mainly in the Black National State of Transkei. Traditionally, the Xhosa were farmers and pastoralists, with a social structure based on a monarchy. 
*Yao
The Yao are a people living in south China, north Vietnam, north Laos, Thailand, and Myanmar (Burma), and numbering about 4 million. The Yao language may belong to either the Sino-Tibetan or the Thai language family. The Yao incorporate elements of ancestor worship in their animist religion. The Yao are generally hill-dwelling farmers practising shifting cultivation, growing rice, vegetables, and also opium poppies. Some are nomadic.
*Yardie
#Yardy 
*Yardy
Yardy is a Jamaican slang expression for someone (Jamaican or foreign) who knows their way around the island, and especially the ghettoe. The expression is often misused in England to describe an imaginary gang of organised Jamaican criminals (the yardies). Infact, no such Jamaican mafia exists. 
*Yi
The Yi are a people living in south China; there are also Yi populations in Laos, Thailand, and Vietnam, totaling about 5.5 million. The Yi are farmers, producing both crops and livestock. Their language belongs to the Sino-Tibetan family; their religion is animist. 
*Yorkist
A Yorkist was a member or supporter of the Royal House of York. The term especially applies to the Yorkshire faction of the War_Of_The_Roses.
*Yorkists
#Yorkist 
*Yoruba
The Yoruba are the majority ethnic group living in south west Nigeria; there is a Yoruba minority in east Benin. They number approximately 20 million in all, and their language belongs to the Kwa branch of the Niger-Congo family. The Yoruba established powerful city-states in the 15th century, known for their advanced culture which includes sculpture, art, and music.
*Yuri Gagarin
Yuri_Gagarin was a Russian cosmonaut and the first man to go into space in 1961. 
*Zapotec
The Zapotec are a North_American Indian people of south Mexico, now numbering approximately 250,000, living mainly in Oaxaca. The Zapotec language, which belongs to the Oto-Mangean family, has nine dialects 
*Zoltan Kodaly
Zoltan_Kodaly was a Hungarian composer. He was born in 1882 and died in 1967.
