





                                          
                                          
                                          
                                          
                        RATS Open Systems Environment (ROSE)
                                          
                               ROSE X.25 Packet Switch
                                          
                                System Manager Manual
                                          
                                          
                                          
                                          
                                          
                                         by
                                          
                               Thomas A. Moulton, W2VY
                                          
                                          
                                          
                                          
                                          
                                          
                                          
                                          
                                          
                                          
                                          
                                          
                                          
                                          
                                          
                                          
                                          
                                          
                                          
                                   Distributed by
                                          
                                          
                                          
                                          
                                          
                                  Thomas A. Moulton
                                 150 William Street
                                  Clifton, NJ 07014
                              United States of America
                                          





     
     Introduction                                               1
     Use Guidelines                                             1
     Notational Syntax                                          1
     Addressing                                                 1
     Routing                                                    2
     Network Definition                                         3
     Network Configuration                                      4
     Configuration of Default Parameters                        5
     Configuration of This Switch                               6
     Configuration of This Switch                               7
     Configuration of Local Switches                            9
     Configuration of Routing Information                      11
     Additional Configuration Commands                         13
     Special Characters to the Configuration Program           13
     ROSE X.25 Packet Switch Applications                      13
     LOADER Application                                        14
     LOADABLE APPLICATIONS                                     16
     BOOTER Application                                        17
     CONFIG Application                                        17
     HEARD Application                                         19
     INFO Applications                                         19
     MHEARD Application                                        20
     MEMSIZ Application                                        20
     USERS Application                                         20
     Running ROSEPWD                                           21
     Running the Configuration Program                         22
     Configuration Program Command Summary and Error Messages  22
     Programming the EPROM                                     22
     Permanent Configuration of the Switch                     25
     Power ON Indications for TNC-2                            26
     Configuring a switch for the first time                   27
     Configuring a switch for the second time                  30
     Configuring a Remote Switch                               30
     Loading a Switch after a Power Failure                    31
     Hardware Installation - TNC-2 or Clone                    31
     Hardware Installation - PacComm DR-100/DR-200             32
     Hardware Modifications - TNC-2 or Clone                   33
     Hardware Modifications - DR-100/DR-200                    33
     Asynchronous Communications                               35
     Asynchronous Radio Port Cables                            37
     Wiring two TNCs for Back-to-Back Operation                37
     Differences between ROSE and Net/ROM Back-to-Back Cable   38
     Wiring many TNCs for Back-to-Back Operation               38
     Conclusion                                                39
     Appendix 1 - Files Supplied in archive                     1
     Appendix 2 - ROSE X.25 Packet Switch User's Manual         1
     Appendix 3 - Network Configuration Example                 1
     Appendix 4 - Terminology                                   1
     Appendix 5 - Shifted ASCII Table                           2


                                                                        1


     Introduction

               The ROSE  X.25 Packet Switch is an  advanced replacement for
          the common  digipeater or  other node  switching EPROM.  The ROSE
          Switch represents  the state  of  the  art  in  packet  switching
          technology using international standard protocols. It is based on
          the CCITT  X.25 Network  Layer, and  the ARRL  AX.25  Link  Layer
          Protocols.

               The ROSE X.25 Packet Switch is the best solution for Amateur
          Packet Radio  Networking.  A  ROSE  Switch  can  be  accessed  by
          standard AX.25 TNCs supporting the AX.25 Link Layer protocol. The
          AX.25 Link  Layer protocol is also used on paths between backbone
          switches. The X.25 Network Layer protocol is used by the switches
          to transfer  the users'  data through the network. See Appendix 2
          (Users Manual) for a complete list of features.

     Use Guidelines

               The ROSE  switch is  a shareware  product within the Amateur
          Radio Community.  The executable  firmware is available from many
          sources, including many land-line BBSs, as well directly from the
          author. The  switch firmware  may be  used  free  of  charge  for
          amateur radio purposes.

               Shareware registration will entitle the user to notification
          of  updates,  information  about  new  applications  as  well  as
          assistance with network coordination. Informational mailings will
          be sent bimonthly. See Appendix 6, ROSE Registration Form.

               Answers to  questions,  special  help,  such  as  customized
          EPROMs,  assistance  with  configurations,  can  be  arranged  by
          contacting the author.

               Commercial use  of the  ROSE X.25 Packet Switch is expressly
          forbidden.  Contact   the   author   for   commercial   licensing
          information.

     Notational Syntax

               Words that have the first character capitalized are being
          emphasized and are defined in Appendix 4 Terminology. In examples of
          interactions with the Switch commands you typed are underlined and
          replies from the Switch are bold.

     Addressing

               The ROSE  X.25 Packet  Switch supports the global addressing
          plan adopted  by CCITT and ISO. This plan includes a country code
          and a  national network  number.  The  ROSE  Switch  follows  the
          numbering plan  in use  in the  national  X.25  packet  switching
          network, most packet networks follow the telephone numbering plan
          used in  that country. North America uses the telephone Area Code
          and Exchange.


                                                                        2


               This system  will allow  a user to request a connection with
          another station  without any  concern given to the exact path the
          data will  follow. This  is in  sharp contrast  to the explicitly
          specified approach  used by  digipeaters. The motivation for this
          is that the general user population doesn't care to, or have time
          to, keep  abreast of  the networking  changes  over  time.    The
          routing is  under your  complete control, so users can't clog the
          network with  retries on  obsolete RF  paths. Users  only need to
          know the  Network Address  of the  destination, which  is like  a
          telephone number.

               The ROSE  Switch may  be configured  with several  paths  to
          remote Area  Codes or countries. Each of the specified links will
          be tried  in the order they were specified to find an operational
          route. This is an improvement on several existing amateur systems
          which can  only provide  implicit destination routing to switches
          known by the source switch.

               The  telephone   exchanges  are   allocated  based   on  the
          population density  of each   area. A single ROSE X.25 Switch can
          provide RF  coverage of  many different exchanges. A full list of
          exchanges that  the switch  should  handle  as  its  own  can  be
          specified.

               The addressing  also needs  to support  routing to different
          countries, the  X.121 standard handles this with a prefix country
          code. In  data networks  the country  code  is  called  the  Data
          Network Identification  Code (DNIC),  the ROSE Switch supports up
          to 8  different DNICS, and will be expanded as the networks grow.
          The user  can specify  the DNIC  in the  TNC connect  command  by
          adding an  extra four  digit digipeater  field between the switch
          callsign and  the network  address, for  example  to  connect  to
          VE7APU in Canada you could enter the following command:

                    C VE7APU V N2DSY-3,3020,617385

               The ROSE  Switch would see the four digit group and the fact
          that another  digit field  followed it  and  merge  the  numbers,
          resulting in an address of 3020617385.

               If you get a call from a station that is in a different DNIC
          than the  ROSE Switch you use, it will insert the correct DNIC in
          the digipeater field preceding the network address in the connect
          request. This  insures that  you know  how to reach the user at a
          later date,  as well as providing identification of international
          contacts which  sometimes require  special considerations  by the
          users in the contact.

     Routing

               The ROSE  X.25 Packet Switch supports a very flexible static
          routing scheme.  The routing  is static  in that  the the routing
          tables are  not automatically  updated in  any  way.  The  normal
          method of  having automatically updated tables is through the use


                                                                        3


          of various broadcasts for routing updates, ROSE does not do this.
          Instead the  system manager  should configure the switch with all
          the reasonable paths for a given address. This avoids the problem
          of short  band openings  that provide  routing information but no
          useful data transfer.

               When attempting  to route  a call  request the  switch  will
          obtain the  alternative list  for the  address specified from the
          routing table.  The list  contains  a  sequence  of  which  local
          switches can  handle the  call in  order of the preference of the
          path.

               The most  preferred switch  that is  not listed  as "Out  of
          Order" will  be sent  the call  request. If  that switch responds
          with a  network level  error, such as "No Path" or "Out of Order"
          the next  path in  the alternative list will be tried. If it runs
          out of alternatives the call will be cleared with a cause of "Out
          of Order".

               A switch  will mark  a local  switch as "Out of Order" if it
          can not  establish network  level communications with the switch.
          The  switch   will  be   considered  as  "Out  of  Order"  for  a
          configurable period of time.

               A routing  loop can  occur when  a switch  receives  a  call
          request that  it has  already routed  to another  switch. This is
          detected by  the switch  by examining  the following  information
          from the call request packet; Source Network Address, Source Call
          Sign, Destination Call Sign and a random number.

               The random  number is  comprised of  an 8  bit call sequence
          number and  an 8  bit random  number. The call sequence number is
          incremented for each new call request a switch handles. If a loop
          is detected  the second  call request  is cleared  with a network
          level error  and the  preceding switch  will then  try  the  next
          alternative.

     Network Definition

               Designing local  network topology  can be  an art in itself.
          The following  is a good template that can be used to determine a
          first best  guess as  to how  the various  paths should  be used.
          Once you  have a network operational you should try various paths
          to optimize  the traffic flow.  In many cases gut feelings should
          be tried  as there  are things  we all know about RF paths that I
          haven't been able to put into words.

               In order  to define  a network of ROSE X.25 Packet Switches,
          perform the following steps:

               1) Draw  a network  layout consisting  of switches  and  the
          usable RF paths between each adjacent switch.


                                                                        4


               2) Assign  each switch  a callsign and address consisting of
          the telephone  Area Code  and Exchange  of the  location  of  the
          switch.

               3) Prioritize  the reliability  of  each  switch's  outbound
          links.   Preferred  paths  should  have  many  of  the  following
          characteristics;  Solid  paths,  low  volume  paths;  high  speed
          channels; and  low contention.  In general the number of emitters
          on a  given frequency should kept low. Hidden transmitters should
          be eliminated.  All the  emitters should  hear  each  other  well
          enough to  cause the  carrier to  be detected  by the  modem. The
          shortest path  between two  points is  the  path  with  the  most
          available band width, not the shortest distance!

               4) For  each link list the switches within your network that
          can be  reached. If  a switch  shows up more than once decide the
          order that  they should be used, usually "shortest" to "longest".
          Inter-switch traffic on a user channel should be avoided.

               5) Next  decide the  best path  for  traffic  from  switches
          outside your  control should  follow.   These can  be thought  of
          general directions, such as North, South, etc. Usually the inter-
          LAN boundary  is obvious, all you have to do is decide what route
          through your  switches you  want this  foreign traffic to follow.
          This route  is a  good candidate  for a  backbone  channel  on  a
          different band.

               When each of these items is defined, you will have completed
          a basic  network design.   The  method is  minimal, but  it  will
          assist you  in understanding the workings of the network when you
          start the  deployment phase.  It will also be helpful when trying
          to debug network problems.

     Network Configuration

               In a ROSE X.25 Network each switch has a description of what
          the network  looks like from it's point of view. This consists of
          a list  of  switches  that  it  talks  to  directly  and  routing
          information.  The  routing  information  describes  what  network
          addresses each  of the  switches in  the list  can handle. When a
          connect request is received by a switch it must be able to decide
          where the request should be sent next. Connection requests can be
          from either a local user or from another switch.

               The configuration  of a  switch is  stored in  a  file  that
          contains four sections. These are:

               1) Default Parameters
               2) Information about the switch being configured
               3) A list of switches local to the switch being configured
               4) Routing information, who should handle what addresses

               Appendix 4  contains a list of terms that should be reviewed
          to aid in clarity of the descriptions.


                                                                        5


               Default Parameters

               There are  four switch parameters that can be defaulted, the
          form of the default command is:

               DEFAULT par Value

               Where the  "par" is one of the following and the value is as
          described.

               L3W 1..7

               This  configures  the  Level  3  Packet  Window,  much  like
          MAXFRAME for TNC Links.  As noted valid values are 1 through 7.

               TimeOut 0..65535

               When a  network Link  is not  operational  due  to  a  radio
          failure or  interference a  timer is  started to  keep the switch
          from continuously  trying to  bring up  the link. This is done to
          reduce the  time required to route around a malfunctioning switch
          or path.  The suggested  value is  900 seconds  (15 Minutes), but
          other values  can be  used from  0 to 65535 seconds (18 Hours). A
          realistic minimum value is 3-5 minutes. A lower value could cause
          the call  router to  try a  bad link more than once with the same
          call request.

               MaxVC 0..254

               This parameter  sets the  number  of  VCs,  or  simultaneous
          connections, that  will be  allowed on  a Link to another switch.
          The recommended  value for this is 20. A special case occurs when
          this statement appears in a USER block statement.

               Port 0..4

               This defines  which serial  port on  the switch  the Node or
          User is  said to be listening. On a TNC-2 the radio is Port 0 and
          the RS-232 connector is Port 1.

               The recommended values for these defaults are:

               DEFAULT PORT 0
               DEFAULT TIMEOUT 900
               DEFAULT L3W 4
               DEFAULT MAXVC 20

               Include

               This  default   parameter  defines   a  directory  that  the
          configuration program  will check  for include  files (*<).  This
          directory is  only checked  if the  included file is not found in
          the current directory.


                                                                        6


               DEFAULT Include C:\ROSENET\

               Password Protection

               To protect  the switch  from being  accessed by unauthorized
          users  the   application  loader  has  password  protection.  The
          password is  contained in an external file that is in the current
          directory or the Default Include directory. The password file has
          two parts,  first is  a decimal  number indicating  how long  the
          correct reply should be and the second part is the password key.

               For Example:

               1
               ROSEISBESTABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ

               When you  connect to  LOADER you  will be  presented with  a
          series of 16 hex numbers.

               Example:

               cmd:C LOADER Via ROSE-3,000000
               *** CONNECTED TO LOADER VIA ROSE-3,000000
               Call being setup
               Call Completed to LOADER @ 3100000000
               ROSE X.25 Packet Switch Version 901026 by Thomas A. Moulton,
          W2VY
               03 04 1D 22 05 10 19 08 1A 11 18 02 09 01 20 1F
               E
               OK

               Since the reply length is one, you only need to reply to the
          first number.  It is  important to  note that the first character
          (the "R"  of ROSE  in this  case) is counted as 00. Therefore the
          correct reply  is "E".  If the reply length is configured as zero
          (0) then no password is required.

               The default  is to  have  No  password.  The  supplied  file
          (PASSWORD.RS) has the example given above as a sample. A password
          will also  be configurable  in the  EPROM in  future releases  of
          MAKEPROM.EXE.

               A handy  utility to  print a table for reply key look up can
          be made using ROSEPWD.EXE. See the description of it for details.


                                                                        7


               Information about the switch being configured

               The first  thing that  must be done is a declaration of what
          country this  switch is  in.  This is done with the DNIC command,
          which has the form:

               THIS DNIC 3100 United States of America

               The THIS  command is used on the beginning of a statement to
          identify that  the rest  of the  line is  for the  switch that is
          being configured.

               The 3100  is the  country code  for the  USA within the data
          networks. A  complete list of DNICs can be found in Appendix C of
          the ROSE  X.25 Packet Switch Users Manual, which is in Appendix 2
          of this manual.

               Once this  is done  you can  define the internal information
          about the  switch being  configured. Again we use the THIS prefix
          to identify we are talking about the switch being configured.

               THIS NODE Clifton

               The NODE  statement is  a Block Statement that is terminated
          with an END statement.

               Note: The  location name, Clifton in this case, is only used
          within the configuration file, not on the air. This name must not
          have any  spaces or  commas in  it. Little Falls, NJ is listed as
          LittleFalls.

               Each switch  must have  a Network  Address, this  is what is
          used to reference the switch as the destination of a Call Request
          from anywhere in the network.

               ADDRESS 201478

               The address  can be  from 1 to 6 digits long and must follow
          the national  numbering plan  in use for the X.25 network. In the
          United States  of America  this must  be the  Area Code and local
          Exchange of the location of the switch.

               In order  for users and other switches to establish Links to
          this switch it must have an Amateur callsign.

               CALL W2VY-3

               CALL is  short for  CALLSIGN in this case. The EPROM default
          for the  callsign is  ROSE-3. When  this  callsign  is  used  for
          switching requests, all network level messages will be displayed.
          These messages  include connection setup status, and notification
          reset conditions that could have lost some information.


                                                                        8


               Each switch  also has  a  callsign  that  can  be  used  for
          digipeating, this  may be  the same  as  the  CALL.  The  default
          digipeat callsign  is ROSE-2.  If the  CALL and DIGI are the same
          they both still need to be specified. If a switching request uses
          this callsign  there will  be no  additional messages inserted by
          the network  during data transfer, if there is a chance that data
          was lost  due to  a reset  the connection  will be cleared. It is
          strongly  suggested  that  BBS  forwarding  use  this  method  of
          establishing connections.  If the  CALL and  DIGI  are  the  same
          callsign, the messages will always be disabled.

               DIGI W2VY-2

               If a  switch has  a RF  coverage that  crosses more than one
          telephone exchange then these extra exchanges can be specified in
          the  COVERAGE  statement.  This  is  a  Block  Statement  and  is
          terminated with  an END.  This is  an example  of a  nested block
          statement, we are still in the "This Node Clifton" Block.

               COVERAGE
               201472 201473 201777 201779 201470 201478
               201778 201772
               END

               Each of  the Network  Addresses listed above will be treated
          as if they were the switch Network Address, 201478 in this case.

               When a  Call Request is received that has this switch as the
          destination, address  201478 or  one in  the Coverage  list,  the
          switch will  attempt to establish a Link with the specified user.
          If the  switch is  running on  multi-port  hardware,  such  as  a
          PacComm DR-200  there are  times when  you need  to specify which
          Port the  users are resident on. The USERPORT statement specifies
          which Port should be used to establish Links to users. On a TNC-2
          the Radio  port is  port 0. On a PacComm DR-100 the radio port is
          port 1.

               USERPORT 0

               A user  can connect  to the switch and get information about
          how to use the network, or other information of general interest.
          This is  specified in a TEXT block, which is ended with "$EOF". A
          blank line is inserted by having a "$" on a line by itself.

          TEXT
          $
          While Disconnected From THIS X.25 Switch issue a command like:
          $
          C CALLSIGN-SSID V W2VY-3,201256
          $
                       Switches Available for User Access are:
               Address   Callsign   Location             User Port Freq
                201256   W2VY-3     Montclair              221.11 Mhz
                201744   N2DSY-3    LittleFalls,NJ         145.07 Mhz


                                                                        9


                609426   KA2VLP-3   Hightstown,NJ          145.07 Mhz
                609261   WA3YRI-3   MtHolly,NJ             145.07 Mhz
                212456   KD6TH-6    Manhattan,NY           145.07 Mhz
                609530   N2EVW-9    Ewing,NJ               221.01 Mhz
                609883   N2EVW-8    Trenton,NJ             221.11 Mhz
                201663   N2ELC-3    Lake Hopatcong,NJ       145.09 Mhz
          $
          Possible connect paths available to access BBS User ports.
          C KB1BD-4 V W2VY-3,609426   :   C WA2VXT-4 v W2VY-3,609426
          C KD6TH-4 V W2VY-3,201744   :   C N2ELC-4 v W2VY-3,201663
          $
          Connect Paths Available to KA-Nodes or TheNET Facilities:
          C WB2DRD-3 V W2VY-3,609426  :   C WB2MNF-3 V W2VY-3,609530
          $
          When connecting  to TheNet  Nodes act  as if  you have  connected
          direct to  it.   Type C  NODENAME, after  you have  connected  to
          either of  the TheNet  nodes listed above, to connect to the next
          desired node. Type NODES to get a node list after your connect or
          type Info to get information about the particular TheNet node you
          are connected to. Example:  To connect to ELK TheNet node use the
          following sequence:
          C WB2DRD-3 V W2VY-3,6o9530
          C ELK
          $
          You will  shortly be  Disconnected from  this switch.  If you are
          currently connected  via either  TheNET or  KA-Node RECONNECT  to
          THAT node  and then issue a connect as shown above.  Note: It has
          come to our attention that those systems using old TNC1 code will
          not accept  all digit  fields, substitute  o for 0 and i for 1 in
          the all digit field and you will be successful.  Disconnect codes
          can be  found on the KB1BD-4 PBBS, filename is DISCO.COD.  Please
          address questions  to  KB1BD@KB1BD  or  W2VY@KD6TH.  This  switch
          brought to you courtesy of RATS.  Enjoy 73 Tom W2VY
          $EOF

               This connect TEXT can be up to 2048 bytes long.

               To terminate  the definition  of the  Clifton Node  the  END
          statement is used, completing the block statement.

               END

               Local Switches

               The next  section describes  the switches  that this  switch
          communicates with directly.

               NODE Manhattan
               ADDRESS 212456
               PATH KD6TH-3
               END

               This defines  a local  switch that  has the callsign KD6TH-3
          and network  address 212456 and is located in Manhattan. Based on


                                                                        10


          the current  defaults it is also on PORT 0 with a link timeout of
          15 Minutes and can support up to 20 calls. Each call will operate
          with a level 3 packet window of 4.

               For the  purposes of  this description  we will  also define
          three other local switches.

               NODE LittleFalls
               ADDRESS 201744
               PATH N2DSY-3
               END

               NODE Clifton2
               ADDRESS 201779
               PATH W2VY-9
               PORT 1
               END

               NODE Montclair
               ADDRESS 201256
               PATH W2VY-12 Via KB1BD-2
               END

               Each  of  these  are  pretty  standard  with  the  following
          exceptions.     Clifton2  is  on  PORT  1,  which  would  be  the
          asynchronous port  if we  are running  on a  TNC-2 and  that port
          could be  connected to either a modem and radio or a back to back
          cable to  another TNC.  Montclair has a digipeater specified, the
          path to a switch can include up to ONE digipeater.

               If you  have a  special device  that is  not on the USERPORT
          channel you  can configure  it in  the switch  as a USER. If this
          USER is not an X.25 Pad (ie it's a TNC or TheNet/NetROM) you must
          specify MAXVC 0.

               USER KD6THbbs
               PATH KD6TH-4
               PORT 1
               MAXVC 0
               END

               If a  call came  in for  KD6TH-4 with  a switch  address  of
          201478 the  switch would attempt to establish the link on Port 1,
          as was specified. This can be done for any AX25L2 device, such as
          a TheNet or NetROM, as well as a BBS. Users are not encouraged to
          be placed  on the  backbone. If  using a  TNC-2  you  would  just
          specify the  address of the switch that had the radio port on the
          backbone. This  feature is used mostly when the switch is running
          a PacComm DR-200, or other multi-port synchronous device.


                                                                        11


               Routing Information

               The route  statements specify  what local switches should be
          given calls for which network addresses.  This is usually divided
          into two  parts, first  specifying the  routing  needed  for  the
          switches within  the local network (the switches you control) and
          the second  specifying  the  routing  for  out  of  area  network
          addresses.

               The general form of the ROUTE statement is:

               ROUTE TO NODES node-list
               CALLS FOR
               network-address-list
               END

               Where "node-list"  is a  sequence of switches; and "network-
          address-list" is a list of Network Addresses. The network address
          is  composed   of  the  current  DNIC  followed  by  the  address
          specified. If  the command  "DNIC 0"  is entered then there is no
          DNIC added  to the  address, this  is useful  to route  an entire
          country or continent.

               If a  Call Request  is received  for one of the addresses in
          the list the switch will use this routing information to pass the
          Call to the next switch. The switches are tried in the order they
          are listed, so the best route should be listed first, worse last.
          It has  been done  this way  because by  and large  there  are  a
          limited number  of ways  to get  from this  switch  to  a  remote
          region. From the Clifton switch I can route calls for New England
          to Manhattan  or Little  Falls, so  the following statement would
          set up the required routing entries.

               Route to Nodes Manhattan LittleFalls
               Calls for
               207 802 617 508 413 203 401
               518 607 212 718 716 516 914 315
               end

               I also included the Area Codes for New York.

               We also  need to  include the routes for the local switches.
          The routing  information here  should include the address of each
          switch as well as the addresses in it's coverage.

               Route to Node Manhattan
               Calls for
               212456
               end

               Route to Node LittleFalls
               Calls for
               201744
               end


                                                                        12


               As well as addresses to the south and west:

               Route to Node LittleFalls
               Calls for
               609 215 717 202
               end

               There are files included with the distribution diskette that
          have the Area Codes for the entire USA,  broken down by state and
          call district,  see NPA.ARC.  These files  can  be  placed  in  a
          separate directory  and included in the configuration with the *<
          command.

               To include  routing information for other countries you will
          need to  add routing  information for their DNIC's. To facilitate
          this you can have a command such as;

               DNIC 0

               Which will allow routing statements to include the DNIC;

               Route to Nodes LittleFalls Manhattan
               Calls for
               3020 7
               end

               This will  add routing  information for all calls to Canada,
          which is  DNIC 3020,  as well  as South  America, where all DNICs
          start with a 7.

               Now that  we have  defined the  configuration of a switch we
          need to  create, and  save to  disk, the file that the switch can
          understand. The WRITE statement is used to create this file.

               WRITE w2vy-3.tbl

               The file  naming conventions  that we use here in NJ are the
          statements that  were used  in the  example are  stored in a file
          with the  name CallSign.CNF  and the output is stored in the file
          CallSign.TBL. (".CNF" Configuration; ".TBL" Table)

               The last  statement of  each .CNF  file should  be a QUIT to
          tell the  configuration program  to terminate  and return  to the
          operating system.


                                                                        13


     Additional Configuration Commands

               If you  are having problems figuring out an error, it can be
          helpful to  see the commands that the program is reading. You can
          cause the  configuration program  to print  each statement  as it
          reads it in by including a VERIFY statement.

               VERIFY
               ... statements causing problems...
               NOVERIFY

               The NOVERIFY  statement turns this feature off, there can be
          any number of VERIFY/NOVERIFY statements in a configuration file.

     Special Characters to the Configuration Program

               Any line  in the  configuration file (.CNF) that starts with
          an asterisk  (*) is  treated as a comment, which can be useful to
          indicate extra  information about  a switch, such as equipment at
          the location, access rules, failure history, etc.

               There is  one exception,  if a  line starts  with  "*<"  the
          configuration program will treat the text on the rest of the line
          as a  file name.  The program  will expect  the file to be in the
          current directory  or the  directory  specified  in  the  Default
          Include statement. The contents of the file will be read in as if
          it had  been in  the main file. If the file is not found an error
          message will be printed.

               The file  that is being read in can not have another "*<" in
          it, this  may be  revised in  later versions of the configuration
          program.

               Route to Nodes Manhattan LittleFalls
               Calls for
               *<w1.npa
               *<ny.npa
               end

               This would  be the  same as  the previous example of routing
          the calls  for New England and New York, using the supplied files
          in NPA.ARC.

     ROSE X.25 Packet Switch Applications

               A  Switch   Application  is   a  special   type  of  network
          destination, like  a BBS  is a  special callsign that you connect
          to. Once  connected to it you can issue commands and get replies.
          The following  sections describe  the existing  applications  and
          list any commands and example replies.

               To connect to a switch application you would follow the same
          procedure that  you would  to connect  to a  user, but instead of
          entering a user's callsign you enter the name of the application.


                                                                        14


          If your  local switch is W2VY-3 and you want to interact with the
          MEMSIZ application at network address 201478, you would issue the
          following connect command:

               C MEMSIZ Via W2VY-3,201478

               This is  a standard ROSE X.25 Packet Switch connect request.
          The local  switch would route the Call Request to the switch with
          the network address 201478. When a switch receives a Call Request
          it first  checks to see if the destination "callsign" matches any
          of the currently loaded applications. If the application is found
          the switch  would set  up connection with the application. If the
          application was  not loaded  it would  assume that it was a local
          user and attempt a connect on the userport.

               Once connected  to the  MEMSIZ application you would get the
          ROSE banner:

          ROSE X.25 Switch Version 890820 by Thomas A. Moulton, W2VY

               This would  indicate that the connection is complete and you
          could start interacting with that switch.

               The applications  that  accept  commands  currently  use  an
          obscure format that has the general form:

               :ccoollll[dd]xx

               Where:

               cc   is a command number
               00   is an object number
               llll is the length of any optional data
               dd   is the data if the length is non-zero
               xx   is the checksum of the data field

               The only  applications that  support data  fields are LOADER
          and CONFIG.  The commands for these are generally stored in files
          created  by   programs  such   as  the   configuration   compiler
          (CONFIGUR.EXE).   All other  commands are  simply single commands
          that end  with  six  zeros.    These  will  be  listed  with  the
          description  of   each  application.  In  future  releases  these
          commands will  be replaced with easier to remember plain language
          commands.

     LOADER Application

               The LOADER application is resident in the EPROM, this means
          it is always present. As you may be able to guess from the name,
          it is used to load other programs into the switch. This will
          allow you to chose which switches will have what functions.

               The files with the filename extension ".LOD" are files that
          can be sent to this application, which will cause the specific


                                                                        15


          application to be loaded into memory. The file "CONFIG.LOD" when
          sent (ASCII/TEXT upload) to LOADER would cause the CONFIG
          application to be loaded into memory.

               When loading a .LOD file you should get three "OK"'s back,
          the only other message you could get would be "Error n" where N
          is a numeric value indicating what type of error occurred, the
          following table lists the possible error numbers.

               Error #   Meaning
               01        Invalid command
               02        Invalid Object
               03        Unable to allocate memory for program
               04        Incorrect checksum
               09        Length mismatch of code segment in .LOD file
               0C        Can't delete non-existent application
               0D        Need to load code segment before relocation info
               0E        To many applications loaded, max is 15
               0F        Unsupported object
               10        Unsupported command

               LOADER also supports two other commands:

               List Applications ":0000000000"

               This command will cause the switch to list all the
          applications that are currently loaded into the memory. When the
          switch is first powered on the list will look like this:

               Entry #0 LOADER - Application Boot interface
               OK

               If the switch has all the applications loaded into memory
          then the list might look like this:

          Entry #0 LOADER - Application Boot interface
          Entry #1 CONFIG - ROSE X.25 Packet Switch Configuration Interf...
          Entry #2 USERS  - ROSE Switch User List Display, Version 1.0
          Entry #3 MEMSIZ - ROSE Memory Utilization Display
          OK

               The entry # is just the position in the list that the
          application is listed, this number is only important when you are
          using the Delete command.

               Delete Application ":02ee000000"

               This command will remove an application from memory, thus
          freeing the memory to be used for other things such as data
          buffers or additional connections. The "ee" is the entry number
          the application is in the list.


                                                                        16


               Lets say you want to delete the CONFIG application from a
          switch, first you would connect to the LOADER and then list the
          applications:

          :0000000000
          Entry #0 LOADER - Application Boot interface
          Entry #1 CONFIG - ROSE X.25 Packet Switch Configuration Interf...
          Entry #2 USERS  - ROSE Switch User List Display, Version 1.0
          Entry #3 MEMSIZ - ROSE Memory Utilization Display
          OK

               Notice that the CONFIG application is in entry #1 this time,
          you would enter the following command, replacing the "ee" with
          "01".

          :0201000000
          OK
               You could then verify that it was done by entering the list
          command again. The "OK" does tell you that it was in fact done,
          but we'll check anyway, you don't have to check.

          :0000000000
          Entry #0 LOADER - Application Boot interface
          Entry #1 USERS  - ROSE Switch User List Display, Version 1.0
          Entry #2 MEMSIZ - ROSE Memory Utilization Display
          OK

               Note that all other applications moved up in the application
          list.

               When you are done interacting with the LOADER you just
          disconnect.

               In addition to accepting the commands described and the
          ".LOD" files, the LOADER will also accept a ".TBL" file. When a
          .TBL file is sent to the LOADER the only item that will get
          updated is the INFO Text (Connect TEXT). You will receive 10
          "Error 000F" messages and one OK, this is the correct response to
          a .TBL file and the Error's will not cause any problems. If you
          do not like getting the "Error 000F" messages you can edit the
          ".TBL" file and just send the text load command. To do this just
          take from the ":0100" to the end of the file and store it in a
          separate file. This was done because the Connect Text is the only
          configurable information that is not saved in battery backed up
          memory and allows easy restoration of that information.

     LOADABLE APPLICATIONS

               The ROSE  X.25 Packet  Switch EPROM  has  been  designed  to
          maintain all  functions necessary for packet switching within the
          ROSE EPROM.  In order to provide for the various User and Network
          Manager interfaces  and functions  the EPROM  can accept programs
          loaded  through  the  network.  A  description  of  the  existing
          applications can be found in the following sections.


                                                                        17


     BOOTER Application

               The BOOTER  Application can  be used to fake a power failure
          on a  remote switch.  The switch  will be initialized immediately
          upon receiving the BOOTER.LOD file. When the file has been loaded
          into the  switch you will get a "*** Disconnect *** 00E9" or some
          other abnormal  termination. This  action will  indicate that the
          switch  was   re-initialize,   it   should   maintain   all   the
          configuration information. It should act as if the power had been
          removed.

     CONFIG Application

               The CONFIG  application is  not designed to be used directly
          by the switch manager. It is just an interface that processes the
          file created by the Network Configuration Program (CONFIGUR.EXE).
          This section  will describe  the interface  for completeness, and
          there may  be times  when you  might want  to check  some of  the
          settings.   All replies  are in  hexadecimal and  are not easy to
          interpret. As  with  the  LOADER  interface  every  command  will
          generate either  an "OK"  or "Error n" when the processing of the
          command is  complete, the  meaning of  each of  the errors are as
          follows:

               Error #   Meaning
               01        Invalid command
               02        Invalid Object specified
               03        No working memory!
               04        Bad checksum!
               05        Unsupported Command
               06        Odd number of data bytes for type
               07        Item is Read-Only

               For 0D object only:
               01        No working memory
               02        Invalid DNIC

               The commands have the same format as the LOADER commands.

               The following commands are currently supported:

               #    Function
               01*  Write new information for object
               02   Read current value of object
               
               NOTE: IT IS NOT RECOMMENDED THAT USERS USE THE 01 COMMAND!

               The following data objects are supported:

          00   This object contains the TEXT that a user can access if they
               connect directly to the switch and hit return.

          01   This is the list of callsigns of other switches and special
               users configured via the PATH statement Node and User


                                                                        18


               configuration blocks. It also contains the CALL of this
               switch.

          02   These are digipeater callsigns that optionally appeared in
               the "via" field of the PATH statement of Node and User
               configuration blocks. It also contains the DIGI callsign of
               this switch.

          03   These are the PORT numbers of the Node and User
               configuration blocks.

          04   These are the MAXVC limits specified in the Node and User
               configuration blocks. This limits the number of simultaneous
               network connections that can occur between the this switch
               and the switch of the Node configuration block. This is also
               used in the User configuration block to indicate that it is
               a local AX25L2 user, and when found in a User block must be
               0.

          05   These set the L3W for the connections going through a
               network link, valid values are 1-7.

          06   These set the TIMEOUT value for a failed network link. This
               is the time it will be considered Out of Order when it
               fails, ie it gets a "Retry count exceeded".

          07   This sets the USERPORT which is used for connecting to
               AX25L2 users, this can be overridden by User configuration
               blocks.

          08   This contains the node address of this switch.

          09*  This contains the default level 2 parameters for AX25L2
               connections. (Maxframe, Paclen, Resptime, Frack, Retry)

          0A*  This contains the default level 2 parameters for X.25
               Network links.

          * -  In some versions it produces a pointer to the structure.

          0B   This object is used in conjunction with the routing tables.
               This contains a compressed set of routing alternatives,
               since by and large the various routes and back-up routes are
               common for getting out of the local network.

          0C   This contains the routing tables for all the DNICs.


                                                                        19


     HEARD Application

               The HEARD  application gives  a very complete summary of the
          activity within  the network.  It started out as a simple listing
          of stations  heard and  then developed  into an important tool in
          monitoring network activity.

               It provides the following information:

               * Source and Destination Callsigns
               * Full AX.25 Path
               * Count of valid frames heard
               * Frame Type of last frame heard
               * Time since the last frame was heard
               * Time since the station was first heard

               A typical display:

          ROSE X.25 Packet Switch Version 901026 by Thomas A. Moulton, W2VY
          
          Heard List for W2VY-9  3100813989
                                     Last   First (How long ago)
          Port Station   Destination Heard  Heard  RXCnt FType Path
            0  W2VY      HEARD       00:00  00:00      4   I   W2VY-9,813989
            0  K0ZXF     TPALAN      00:00  28:38    117  UI   USF*
            0  W4DPH     MAIL        00:03  05:55     17  UI
            0  W4DPH-4   NODES       00:04  03:59      5  UI
            0  KC2FF-7   ID          00:07  73:25    443  UI
            0  KC2FF-7   NODES       00:09  03:07     24  UI
            0  W4DPH-15  W2VY        00:09  01:09     16 SABM
            0  W4DPH-4   ID          00:13  74:48    345  UI
            0  W8DUW     TPALAN      00:16  03:39     14  UI   USF*
            0  N4OJU-6   K0ZXF       00:36  03:35     24 DISC
            0  CLW5      KB4VHS-15   00:58  01:23     17  UA
            0  KB4VHS    DABQSO      00:59  01:00      5 SABM  N4EEB-5,904677
            0  KB4VHS    KB4T        01:01  01:03      5 SABM  N4EEB5,904677
            0  N4HKA     WA1GUD      01:03  02:08    100  UA
            0  WA1GUD    N4HKA       01:03  02:08    109 DISC
          END>
               

               Once connected  to HEARD just hit return and it will provide
          a screen  full of  heard stations. For a longer display enter "*"
          followed by return and it will list 32 entries.

     INFO Applications

               The INFO Application can be used to display the connect text
          of a  remote switch. The text is the same that would be displayed
          if you  were to  connect directly  to the  switch and hit return.
          This application also adds text messages to the *** Reset *** and
          ***  Disconnect   ***  network  messages  that  give  an  english
          description of the reason for the message.


                                                                        20


               There are  also other  versions of  the INFO  Application to
          provide Reset  and Disconnect  messages from other languages. The
          ".LOD" files will have names in the following format:

               INFO??.LOD

               Where the ?? denoted the language

               SP - Spanish
               DE - German
               FR - French*
               RU - Russian*

               * - In progress - Not yet supplied in the ZIP archive.

     MHEARD Application

               The MHEARD  Application is a stripped down version of HEARD.
          It just shows the callsigns of the heard stations.

     MEMSIZ Application

               The MEMSIZ  application was  just a  test program  for me to
          verify correct  operation of the loader. It turns out that it can
          be useful  to monitor  the amount of memory that is being used by
          the switch  from time  to time. This information is also included
          in the  USERS application  display.  The  values  are  listed  in
          hexadecimal.

          Memory Size is: 7578
          Memory Used is: 4155

     USERS Application

               The USERS  application is  used to  list the  users that are
          currently using  the  switch;  connected  to  a  local  user/bbs;
          passing  through  to  another  switch;  or  interacting  with  an
          application that has been loaded. Once you are connected just hit
          return to view the current status of the connections.

          ROSE X.25 Switch Version 890820 by Thomas A. Moulton, W2VY
          [You Press Return]
          
          User List for N2DSY-3   3100201744
          
          W2VY     AX25L2 User Linked to USERS     @ 3100201744
          W2VY     AX25L2 User Linked to LOADER    @ 3100201744
          W2VY-3    X.25 Trunk (R1) with the following connections:
          KD6TH-4   @ 3100201256     ( 20 P4 D1) <-- KB1BD-5   @ 3100609443
          WB2JQR-3  X.25 Trunk (R1) with the following connections:
          KB1BD-5   @ 3100609443     ( 20 P4 D1) --> KD6TH-4   @ 3100201256
          
          There are no calls Pending.
          


                                                                        21


          The Following X.25 Trunks are listed as Out of Order:
          <None> - All Links Operational
          
               The first line identifies the callsign and address of the
          switch that the display is for.

               The second section shows all active connections. The first
          connection is my station connected to the USERS application (its
          how I generated the above display). The second connection is my
          station connected to the LOADER application. Note that a
          connection that is listed as "AX25L2 User" is a user directly
          connected to that switch.

               Now things start to get interesting, W2VY-3 is another ROSE
          X.25 Packet Switch and it has one VC. The VC is between KB1BD-5
          at address 609443 and KD6TH-4 at 201256, these are two BBSs doing
          forwarding.

               In this case neither BBS is local so the call also shows up
          on a second X.25 Trunk. The arrow indicates the direction that
          the connect request went in, ie. KB1BD-5 called KD6TH-4.

               Note that this connection shows up twice, once to enter the
          switch and once to leave. If a user was using the switching
          function to connect to a station on the same switch there would
          be two entries listed as AX25L2 Users.

               A pending call is a connect request that came in while the
          trunk, or link, to the required switch was not ready. A Call is
          left in the pending state while the Switch attempts to bring the
          link into the ready state (R1).

               If a link to a switch is not operational then it is marked
          as being Out of Order for a specified time (HH:MM:SS).

      Running ROSEPWD

               The ROSEPWD.EXE  program can  be used  to create a table for
          looking up the correct reply for the password to LOADER.

               Where file is the name of the password file.

               To direct the output to the printer:

               C>ROSEPWD /H file >prn


                                                                        22


     Running the Configuration Program

               You should  run this  program  after  you  have  created  or
          modified the  configuration file  (.CNF) for a switch. It is used
          the generate  the file  that gets  uploaded (TEXT/ASCII)  to  the
          switch CONFIG application, which is described elsewhere.

               To invoke  the program you insure the program (CONFIGUR.EXE)
          is in the current directory, or is in the MS-DOS path.

               C>CONFIGUR w2vy-3.CNF
               ROSE Interactive Network Monitor by W2VY
               Largest displacement used = 48

               Done!
               C>

               The message  "Largest Displacement  Used" is  a reference on
          the size of the routing table and as the routing table grows this
          number will  change. Any  errors will  be distinctive by starting
          with "***" with an arrow (^) pointing to the line with the error.

               If you do not specify the input filename (W2VY-3.CNF in this
          case) or  if the  file you  specified did  not exist, you will be
          prompted for the file name.

               C>CONFIGUR
               ROSE Interactive Network Monitor by W2VY
               Node data file name? w2vy-3.cnf
               Largest displacement used = 48

               Done!
               C>

     Configuration Program Command Summary and Error Messages

               Please ask me for this, I really need to fill this in.

     Programming the EPROM

               The files  distributed that  contain Z80 executable have the
          file extension  ".OVR". The  file "ROSEZSW.OVR" contains the ROSE
          X.25 Packet  Switch code  and the  other files are initialization
          routines for the various packet controllers.

               The MS-DOS  program "MAKEPROM.EXE"  can be  used to create a
          binary image or Intel Hex file for a specific TNC.

               If you need to burn an EPROM and do not have access to a MS-
          DOS machine  see the  note at  the end of this section as well as
          the following section.


                                                                        23


               The machine models currently supported are:

               TNC2.OVR   TAPR TNC-2, PacComm TNC-200, Tiny-2, Micropower-2
                          AEA PK-80, MFJ 1270, 1278 and any TNC-2 Clone

               DR200.OVR  PacComm DR-200 Dual/DR-100 Single Port Repeater

               TNC320.OVR PacComm TNC-320 HF Packet Controller

               PK88.OVR   AEA PK-88 VHF Packet Controller

               If you  do not  have access to a programmer you can obtain a
          pre-programmed EPROM from the author.

               Use the  MAKEPROM.EXE program  to  create  the  file  to  be
          programmed into  the EPROM.  This program will allow modification
          of all default parameters, Callsigns, and addresses.

               Each of  the parameters  is listed on the display and can be
          modified by  entering the  command followed by the new value. The
          screen will then be updated to insure that the desired action was
          taken.

          C>MAKEPROM

          ROSE Z80 X.25 Packet Switch EPROM Creation Program
          
          TNC type TNC2.OVR   SWitch ROSEZSW.OVR   OUTput ROSEZSW.BIN
          output MODE BINary   (BINary | HEX)
          
          CALLsign = ROSE-3   DIGIpeat call = ROSE-2   ADDress = 3100000000
          
          L2FRack 5   L2RESptime 3   L2CHeck 300   L2RETry 8   L2MAXframe 4
          L3FRack 5   L3RESptime 2   L3CHeck 600   L3RETry 8   L3MAXframe 3
          
                   PORT 0 (5 Pin Din)       PORT 1 (DB25/DE9)
          
          TX Delay (0TXDelay)   400 ms.     (1TXDelay)   400 ms.
          DWait    (0DWait)       0 ms.     (1DWait)       0 ms.
          FULLdup  (0FULL)      OFF         (1FULL)      OFF
          
          Type OK to accept the current settings or,
          QUIT (all CAPS) to exit to DOS
          To make changes, type the command followed by the new value
          Type the portion of the command that is in CAPS.
          
          EPROM>
               


                                                                        24


               All of  the parameters can be specified on the command line,
          as identified in the following list:

          C>MAKEPROM /HELP

          
          usage:
           C:\X25\LEVEL3\MAKEPROM.EXE [options]
          
          Options are as follows:
             /HELP        - PRINT THIS LIST!
             /NODISPLAY   - Supress menu selection screen
             /MODE=BIN    - Format of OUTput file. See /HEX and /BIN
             /HEX         - Output file in Intel Hex format
             /BINary      - Output file in Binary Image format
             /SWitch=name - Switch Overlay from file name
             /CALL=ROSE-3 - EPROM Callsign of Switch
             /DIGI=ROSE-2 - EPROM Digi Callsign
             /ADDress=3100000000 - X.121 Address of switch
             /TNC=TNC2    - Machine type, TNC2 | TNC320 | DR200 | PK88
             /OUTput=name - Put output in file name
             /0TXDelay=ms - TXDelay (in MS) for Port 0 (Radio)
             /1TXDelay=ms - TXDelay (in MS) for Port 1 (Terminal)
             /0DWait=ms   - DWait (in MS) for Port 0
             /1DWait=ms   - DWait (in MS) for Port 1
             /0FULL       - Set Port 0 for Full Duplex operation
             /1FULL       - Set Port 1 for Full Duplex operation
             /L2FRack     - FRack (T1) for Level 2 Users
             /L2RESptime  - RESptime (T2) for Level 2 Users
             /L2CHeck     - CHeck (T3) for Level 2 Users
             /L2RETry     - RETry (N2) for Level 2 Users
             /L2MAXframe  - MAXframe (W) for Level 2 Users
             /L3FRack     - FRack (T1) for X.25 Networking Trunks
             /L3RESptime  - RESptime (T2) for X.25 Networking Trunks
             /L3CHeck     - CHeck (T3) for X.25 Networking Trunks
             /L3RETry     - RETry (N2) for X.25 Networking Trunks
             /L3MAXframe  - MAXframe (W) for X.25 Networking Trunks
          
            IF TNC=TNC320 or TNC=PK88 then the following are valid:
          
                  /CPU=4915200    - CPU Clock frequency in HERTZ
                  /TICK=1200      - Frequency of clock on SYNCB or CTSB
                  /0BAUD=1200     - Radio Baud Rate
                  /1BAUD=9600     - Terminal Baud Rate
                  /LEDS=4         - Initial LED bit pattern
          
            IF TNC=TNC320
          
                  /MODEM=HF | VHF - Specify which modem should be used.
          
          NOTE: It is important to include the DNIC in the /ADDRESS.
                The DNIC  for USA is 3100, so an address of 201779 would be
                entered as /ADDRESS=3100201779.


                                                                        25


               For example to create a Binary file for a TNC-320 for use on
          HF at  300 baud  with an  output file  of TNC320HF.BIN  enter the
          following command:

          C>MAKEPROM /TNC=TNC320 /MODEM=HF /0BAUD=300 /OUT=TNC320HF.BIN

               This will still bring up the display for inspection, you may
          also specify /NODISPLAY to skip the verification screen.

               NOTE: If  you can not run MAKEPROM.EXE then you will have to
          perform the  following steps. Load the ROSEZSW.OVR into the EPROM
          burner in BINARY mode (Will fill locations 0000 to 7FFF) and then
          load the  .OVR file  for the  machine you  are using (TNC2.OVR or
          DR200.OVR or TNC320.OVR or PK88.OVR...). This will fill locations
          0000 to  0150. To make sure everything is OK, you should see FF's
          at some  locations below 0150H as well as below 7FFF. If you want
          to modify the default parameters see the following section.

     Permanent Configuration of the Switch

               Using the  MAKEPROM program you can modify many of the EPROM
          default parameters.  See the preceding section for information on
          using it. If you can not use it then you will have to combine the
          ".OVR" files  by hand and use the following information to modify
          the defaults.

                The  distribution includes  a ".MAP" file that contains the
          EPROM address  of all entry points and important variables. Using
          this information  you can  modify the  default parameters  in the
          EPROM. The  format of  the data  falls into four forms. A byte, a
          word, a callsign and a network address.

               A byte  is simply  a single  location in the EPROM which can
          hold a value from 00 to FF (that is 0 to 255 decimal).

               A word  is a  two byte  value with the low order byte of the
          word stored  at the  lower EPROM  address. A  word can  contain a
          value from 0000 to FFFF (that is 0 to 65535 decimal). Since it is
          stored low  byte at low address the value 01 00 is 1 decimal, and
          00 01 is 256 decimal, or 0100 hexadecimal.

               A callsign  is stored  in AX.25  format,  the  same  way  it
          appears in packets sent over the air. Each callsign is a six byte
          shifted ASCII  callsign followed  by  a  single  byte  SSID,  for
          example in the EPROM the callsign ROSE-3 would have the following
          format:

               A4 9E A6 8A 40 40 06

               Appendix 5  contains a  table for  conversion  from  and  to
          shifted ASCII as used in AX.25.

               A network  address is  stored in  CCITT X.25 address format,
          which is  a length  byte followed  by a BCD representation of the


                                                                        26


          address, for  example  the  address  3100201779  would  have  the
          following format:

               0A 31 00 20 17 79

               Note that  the length  (0A, 10 decimal) is the number of BCD
          digits, ie "31" is two digits.

               If you  are outside  the USA  the  numbering  plan  may  use
          something other  than six  digit codes, if the length is ODD then
          just pad the last byte with an extra 0, but leave the length ODD.
          I know  Australia uses  a variable  length  numbering  plan,  the
          format for  node address  50502 (which  is the  region  code  for
          Sydney) would be:

               05 50 50 20

               Note that  the length  is 5  (50502) and  the last  digit is
          ignored and should be 0.

               The following  ".MAP" file  labels identify  the location of
          the following EPROM defaults:

               "myaddr"  - Network address of this switch
               "mycall"  - Callsign of this switch
               "mydigi"  - Callsign this switch recognized for digipeating

     Power ON Indications for TNC-2

          Ensure that  the power  switch is off. Insert the power connector
          and then turn the power on.

          The ROSE  X.25 Packet  Switch  has  a  two  phase  initialization
          sequence.

          In the  first phase  you should  see the  PWR, CON and STA lights
          come on  for TWO  (2) seconds  while the  Switch  tests  RAM  and
          verifies the battery backed up RAM.

          The second  phase the  CON and STA LEDs are used to indicate what
          was going  on when the switch was powered off. This indication is
          displayed for  THREE (3) seconds (they both normally stay on). If
          they both  go out,  then the  switch was processing data when the
          power was  removed. When powering a unit as a ROSE Switch for the
          first time, this display is meaningless.

          At this  point the  CON and STA lights should alternately turn on
          and off  once  a  second,  this  indicates  that  the  switch  is
          operating correctly.


                                                                        27


     Configuring a switch for the first time

               This section  will take you step by step through configuring
          a switch  for the  first time.  It is  assumed that the ROSE X.25
          Packet Switch has been installed and you are using a standard TNC
          on the air to connect to the switch.

               When a  switch is being installed for the first time it is a
          good idea  to run  the following  tests. First  you should verify
          that the  switch can  digipeat frames. Since the default callsign
          is ROSE-2, set UNPROTO as follows:

               cmd:unproto test via rose-2
               cmd:conv
               Test
               W2VY>TEST,ROSE-2*:Test
               

               The test  frame was digipeated successfully, indicating that
          the connections to the radio should be ok.

               Now we should verify that the switching callsign is correct,
          return to command mode (usually by typing Control-C) and enter:

               cmd:c rose-3
               *** CONNECTED to ROSE-3
               [Hit return or wait 60 Seconds]
               ROSE X.25 Switch Version 890820 by Thomas A. Moulton, W2VY
               *** DISCONNECTED
               cmd:
               
               This is  the default  information  message  and  so  all  is
          working correctly.

               The preceding  steps could  have been skipped, but these are
          strongly suggested  for any packet boards that have undergone any
          hardware modifications to install the switch.

               Now we can start the configuration process.

               At this  point it  is assumed  that  you  have  created  the
          configuration file  for this  switch (.CNF  file) and have run it
          through the  CONFIGUR program,  to  create  the  .TBL  file.  See
          Network Configuration and Running the Configuration Program.

               The  .TBL   file  needs   to  be   uploaded  to  the  CONFIG
          Application, See  Switching Applications,  first we  must  verify
          that the  CONFIG program is loaded in the switch. This is done by
          connecting to the application LOADER with the following command:

               cmd:c loader via rose-3,000000
               *** CONNECTED to LOADER VIA ROSE-3,000000
               ROSE X.25 Switch Version 890820 by Thomas A. Moulton, W2VY
               :0000000000


                                                                        28


               Entry #0 LOADER - Application Boot interface
               OK
               
               This display  shows that  none of  the optional applications
          are loaded.   In  order  to  upload  the  .TBL  file  the  CONFIG
          application must be resident in memory.

               To load  the CONFIG  application into  memory  you  need  to
          upload the  file CONFIG.LOD  to the Loader. This file is an ASCII
          TEXT file, no special protocol should be used to send the file.

               You should  receive 3  OK's back  from the  loader. At  this
          point you can verify that the CONFIG application was successfully
          loaded by entering the following command:

               :0000000000
               Entry #0 LOADER - Application Boot interface
               Entry #1 CONFIG - ROSE X.25 Packet Switch Configuration...
               OK
               
               We are  now done  loading the  CONFIG  application  and  can
          disconnect from  the LOADER and connect to CONFIG to complete the
          configuration process.

               cmd:disc
               cmd:*** DISCONNECTED
               cmd:c config v rose-3,000000
               *** CONNECTED to CONFIG VIA ROSE-3,000000
               ROSE X.25 Switch Version 890820 by Thomas A. Moulton, W2VY
               
               We are now connected to the CONFIG application, and can send
          the .TBL file to it. This file is also an ASCII TEXT file, upload
          with no special protocol.

               The CONFIG  application will  return  11  OK's  through  the
          course of  processing the  file. Later  versions will  include  a
          message stating that the configuration is complete.

               When you have gotten all the OK's you can disconnect.

               cmd:disc
               cmd:*** DISCONNECTED
               
               The configuration  process is  now complete! At this point I
          usually like  to  verify  that  the  connect  text  was  uploaded
          correctly, since it is the last portion of the .TBL file.


                                                                        29


               Since the switch is now configured you now use the switches'
          callsign, instead of ROSE-3, which is in this case W2VY-3

          cmd:c w2vy-3
          *** CONNECTED to W2VY-3
          [Hit Return or wait 60 Seconds]
          ROSE X.25 Switch Version 890820 by Thomas A. Moulton, W2VY
          
          While Disconnected From THIS X.25 Switch issue a command like:
          
          C CALLSIGN-SSID V W2VY-3,201256
          
                       Switches Available for User Access are:
               Address   Callsign   Location             User Port Freq
                201256   W2VY-3     Montclair              221.11 Mhz
                201744   N2DSY-3    LittleFalls,NJ         145.07 Mhz
                609426   KA2VLP-3   Hightstown,NJ          145.07 Mhz
                609261   WA3YRI-3   MtHolly,NJ             145.07 Mhz
                212456   KD6TH-6    Manhattan,NY           145.07 Mhz
                609530   N2EVW-9    Ewing,NJ               221.01 Mhz
                609883   N2EVW-8    Trenton,NJ             221.11 Mhz
                201663   N2ELC-3    Lake Hopatcong,NJ       145.09 Mhz
                                             
             Possible connect paths available to access BBS User ports.
          C KB1BD-4 V W2VY-3,609426           C WA2VXT-4 v W2VY-3,609426
          C KD6TH-4 V W2VY-3,201744           C N2ELC-4 v W2VY-3,201663
                                             
              Connect Paths Available to KA-Nodes or NETROM Facilities:
          C WB2DRD-3 V W2VY-3,609426          C WB2MNF-3 V W2VY-3,609530
                                             
          When connecting  to NETROM  Nodes act  as if  you have  connected
          direct to  it.   Type C  NODENAME, after  you have  connected  to
          either of  the netrom  nodes listed above, to connect to the next
          desired node. Type NODES to get a node list after your connect or
          type Info to get information about the particular netrom node you
          are connected to. Example:  To connect to ELK netrom node use the
          following sequence:
          C WB2DRD-3 V W2VY-3,6o9530
          C ELK
          
          You will  shortly be  Disconnected from  this switch.  If you are
          currently connected  via either  NETROM or  KA-Node RECONNECT  to
          THAT node  and then issue a connect as shown above.  Note: It has
          come to our attention that those systems using old TNC1 code will
          not accept  all digit  fields, substitute  o for 0 and i for 1 in
          the all digit field and you will be successful.  Disconnect codes
          can be  found on the KB1BD-4 PBBS, filename is DISCO.COD.  Please
          address questions  to  KB1BD@KB1BD  or  W2VY@KD6TH.  This  switch
          brought to you courtesy of RATS.  Enjoy 73 Tom W2VY
          *** DISCONNECTED
          cmd:

               The configuration  process is  now complete.  It is strongly
          suggested that you do Not leave CONFIG loaded in the switch. This


                                                                        30


          is because  it will  help avoid unauthorized access to update the
          configuration and  the memory can better be used for data buffers
          for connections.

     Configuring a switch for the second time

               The following  example shows  how to configure a switch that
          knows it's  callsign,  but  otherwise  it  is  identical  to  the
          preceding example. This will only need to be done if the switch's
          configuration needs  to be  changed, since  all the  routing  and
          network information is retained in battery backed up RAM.

               Since we normally do not keep CONFIG loaded we need to
          reload the CONFIG application.

               cmd:c loader v w2vy-3,201478
               *** CONNECTED to LOADER VIA W2VY-3,201478
               ROSE X.25 Switch Version 890820 by Thomas A. Moulton, W2VY
               :0000000000
               Entry #0 LOADER - Application Boot interface
               OK
               
               The CONFIG application is NOT loaded, so now you would send
          the file CONFIG.LOD, it is an ASCII TEXT file.

               You then get the 3 OK's and disconnect.

               cmd:d
               cmd:*** DISCONNECTED
               
               cmd:c config v w2vy-3,201478
               *** CONNECTED to CONFIG VIA W2VY-3,201478
               ROSE X.25 Switch Version 890820 by Thomas A. Moulton, W2VY
               
               Now send the .TBL file and receive 11 OK's, when done
          disconnect.

               cmd:d
               cmd:*** DISCONNECTED
               cmd:
               
               The switch is now reconfigured.

     Configuring a Remote Switch

               In an operational network any switch can be loaded from any
          point within the network. You just need to issue a connect
          command to your TNC that had the callsign of the local switch,
          followed by the network address of the switch you wish to
          interact with.

               When accessing a completely unconfigured switch remember the
          default callsign is ROSE-3 and the default address is 000000.
          This should only happen the first time you bring up a switch, see


                                                                        31


          the section Configuring a Switch for the first time for a step by
          step example. If you notice that the switch fails to remember
          it's callsign after the power has been removed for a short time,
          that may indicate that the battery needs replacing. Lithium
          batteries are usually good for 3 Years - TAPR TNC-2's should be
          needing new batteries soon!

               You can also use MAKEPROM to program different callsign and
          address defaults.

     Loading a Switch after a Power Failure

               When a switch or site undergoes a power failure the connect
          text and any loadable applications are lost. The switch can still
          perform network routing and switching. You will need to connect
          to LOADER and send the applications that you normally use
          (INFO.LOD, HEARD.LOD, etc). The process is the same as loading
          CONFIG, as shown in the proceeding examples. You may also send
          the ".TBL" file to reload the connect text. See the description
          of the LOADER for additional information.

     Hardware Installation - TNC-2 or Clone

     Tools  Required:   Small  Philips   screwdriver  and   small  standard
          screwdriver.

          Remove power and all external connections to the TNC.

          Remove the  two philips  screws on the front panel and remove the
          screw in the heat sink. There is no screw on TNC-2 Rev 1 boards.

          If the  unit is  an MFJ  remove two  standard screws  on sides of
          cabinet and remove the lid.

          Locate the program EPROM, this is normally U23, towards the front
          of the  packet controller,  next to the Z80 (big 40 pin chip that
          is 2" long). The EPROM is along side the Z80 and RAMs.

          The EPROM should be a labeled with something like 1.1.6 (1.1.1 up
          to 1.1.6).  It should NOT say "STATE 1.09", that EPROM is part of
          the modem. The program EPROM is U23.

          When you have located the EPROM note the direction the end with a
          small notch is pointing. This designates which end pin #1 located
          on. If  you install  an EPROM backwards you can damage it, either
          destroying the program or making the EPROM completely unusable.

          Use the  small standard  screwdriver to  lift the  EPROM a little
          above the socket.

          WARNING: Make  SURE you are not lifting the socket off the board.
          Just put the corner of the screwdriver under the EPROM for now.


                                                                        32


          Once the  EPROM is above the surface of the socket you can insert
          the screwdriver a bit further. Try to lift the EPROM straight up,
          insert the  screwdriver as  far as it will easily go and lift the
          EPROM a  little more.  Repeat until the screwdriver is completely
          under the EPROM.

          If you bend any of the pins it might be a good idea to leave them
          alone until it is reused.  (The person erasing/re-programming the
          EPROM will very likely have experience with bent pins!)

          Make sure  the socket  is flat  and not lifted on either end from
          the board.

          When pressing  the EPROM into the socket it is best to press from
          the bottom  of the board as well as the on EPROM. If the EPROM is
          new the  pins will  be spread much wider than the pin rows in the
          socket. To  better align the pins you can place the EPROM on each
          edge (pins  on a table) and apply firm pressure while raising the
          chip portion  to the  vertical position. Do this for both rows of
          pins.

          Don't go to far! It is easier to do it again then it is to unbend
          the pins.

          Take the  ROSEZSW (ROSE  Z80 SWitch)  EPROM and  install  in  the
          vacated socket. Ensure the notch is pointed in the same direction
          as the  old EPROM,  as well as the silhouette on the board. Align
          both rows of pins and let the EPROM slide in a little, then check
          for stuck  pins. Slight  pressure on  the side  of each  pin will
          insure it is started into the socket straight.

          Go little by little watching for bending pins.

          After the  EPROM is  installed, check  for bent  pins by  looking
          under and along the sides for an unusual seating.

          Make sure  the notch in the new EPROM has the same orientation as
          the original EPROM.

          Re-assemble the unit.

     Hardware Installation - PacComm DR-100/DR-200

          Read the  installation instructions for the TNC-2, above for some
          precautions on EPROM handling, removal and insertion.

          The program EPROM is located at position U2, in the center of the
          board, near the Z80.

          See also Hardware Modifications - DR-100/DR-200 for some required
          changes to the board.

          The port  that is  next to  the RESET  pin is  SCC Port B, and is
          called Port 0 by the ROSE Switch.


                                                                        33


          DR-100 Note:  You will  need to  change the USERPORT statement in
          the configuration   file to  be "USERPORT  1" as  the DR-100 only
          has one  port and  it is set up at the same address as the DR-200
          Port 1.

          The daughter  board is  not currently  supported. (It has a TNC-2
          style modem disconnect so it's the simplest way to attach the NB-
          9600 High Speed modem)

     Hardware Modifications - TNC-2 or Clone

          There are  no modifications  that are required to set up a single
          port switch, there are a couple of things that would be desirable
          for a busy switch.

          These are:

          1) 32K RAM upgrade

          2) Change the CPU clock to 4.9 MHz (JMP2 on TNC-2)

          The following modifications are required if you intend to use the
          asynchronous port  on a  radio or  tied back to back with another
          TNC:

          Note: ALL MODIFICATIONS ARE TO THE BOTTOM (FOIL SIDE)!

          1) Add  a jumper  from J1  pin 23 to JMP 9 pin 3, note that JMP 9
          has pins 1, 2 and 3 tied together.

          2) If you want to run the asynchronous port at 4800 baud or above
          U3 (LM324) should be changed to a TL084.

          3) If running back to back with other TNCs add jumper from J1 Pin
          10 to  J1 Pin 20, this should be done in the cable. If connecting
          to a  Radio do  not add this jumper, see Wiring TNCs for Back-to-
          Back Mode for a complete description.

     Hardware Modifications - DR-100/DR-200

          There are  two types  of modifications  listed  for  the  DR-200,
          required and  optional. The  required changes  are to  supply the
          Transmit and  Receive Clocks  to the  Zilog Serial  Communication
          Controller (Z8530)  chip, which sets the baud rate for each port,
          and removal  of the "Processor WatchDog Timer" which was found to
          be ineffective.  The optional  changes are  modifications to  the
          modem circuit  that have,  in some  cases  increased  performance
          dramatically.

          Note: Ux/n  means chip  marked Ux pin n, on IC's the end with the
          notch has pin #1. When viewed from the top, pin #1 is just to the
          left of the notch.


                                                                        34


          Note: All  wires should be added to the solder side of the board,
          do not attach wires to the chip pins!!

          Required:

          U14 = 7910 Port A; U15 = 8530 SCC; U16 = 7910 Port B

          Jumper U14/25 to U15/19
          Jumper U16/25 to U15/21

          This connects the DCD outputs of the 7910's to the SCC.

          The baud rate generator is U12, which is located next to the 7910
          (U14) on the same side as the Z80.  A jumper is required for both the
          TX and RX clock of each port, FOUR (4) jumpers should be installed.
          This allows different baud rates for each port. To select the correct
          clocks use the following table:

               U12 Pin   RXClock        TXClock
                7        9600
                5        4800
                4        2400
                6        1200
               13         600
               12         300           9600
               14                       4800
               15                       2400
                1                       1200
                2                       600
                3                       300
     
               The SCC Pins are defined as follows:

               Port #    RXClock        TXClock
                 0       U15 28         U15 26
                 1       U15 12         U15 14
               
               For dual port operation with both ports running at 1200
               baud install the following jumpers:

               U15/28 and U15/12 to U12/6  (RXClock)
               U15/26 and U15/14 to U12/1  (TXClock)
               
               For Port 0 at 1200 Baud and Port 1 at 300 Baud
               
               U15/28 to U12/6  (RXClock Port 0)
               U15/26 to U12/1  (TXClock Port 0)
               U15/12 to U12/12 (RXClock Port 1)
               U15/14 to U12/3  (TXClock Port 1)

          Note: ALL MODIFICATIONS ARE TO THE BOTTOM (FOIL SIDE)!

          A Processor  Watchdog Timer  is a  circuit that  is  designed  to
          ensure the  CPU does  not get  hung (dead)  due to a power glitch


                                                                        35


          (normally a programmer's bug).  The Processor Watchdog circuit is
          not compatible  with the normal operation of a ROSE Switch and if
          it is  not removed  the ROSE  Switch will  operate in  an erratic
          fashion.

          Remove U19  located next to one of the audio lines, opposite edge
          of board  from EPROM.   Also  remove C32 and install U7 (74HC132)
          with pins  3, 12  and 13 uninserted and add a jumper from U7/3 to
          U7/12, this  cleans up  the reset  line since the watchdog is now
          out of the circuit.

          Optional:

          Remove the  RX Audio filtering (U17 and U20), the modem will work
          better on  it's own.  I removed  U17, R21, R23, Diodes at C24 and
          installed a  0.1 uf at C24 and Jumper JP-FA. And the same for the
          other port (Remove U20, R34, R33, Diodes at C45 and installed 0.1
          uf at  C45 and Jumper JP-FB). If you use the modem on HF remember
          the tones are 425 hz higher (.5 khz on dial should be ok) and you
          need to reduce the RF Gain so the background static is below 10mv
          (audio). Might  want to  use the  R33/R30 voltage divider and add
          jumper from  their junction to the other side of JP-FB and remove
          C41 and leave JP-FB uninstalled.

          Note: ALL MODIFICATIONS ARE TO THE BOTTOM (FOIL SIDE)!

     Asynchronous Communications

               The ROSE  X.25 Packet  Switch supports the asynchronous port
          of a  TNC-2 or  Clone as  just another radio port. The goal is to
          allow connection  to any standard RS-232 device, such as a modem.
          The RS-232  signals operate  in a  normal  fashion  which  allows
          connection to  conventional land  line modem, multiplexers or any
          other communications  equipment  that  is  available  to  provide
          backbone linking.

               The immediate  application is connection of a Bell 202 modem
          and a  radio to  provide a  local backbone for a given area. This
          type of set up requires half as many TNC's!

               Two or more switches may also be tied together on the RS-232
          ports to provide multiple synchronous ports from a single site.


                                                                        36


          TNC-2 Asynchronous Port Definition

          All connections are to J1 (DB 25)

          Pin #     Direction/EIA Pin Designation/Usage
           1        NA/Frame Ground
           2        In/TXD/Data On
           3        Out/RXD/Data Out
           5        Out/CTS/Request To Send (Async PTT)
           7        NA/Ground
           9        Out/HI/Pull Up Signal (+12 VDC)
          10        Out/LO/Pull Down signal (-12 VDC)
          20        In/DTR/If LO wired to a diode matrix cable
                    . /If not LO wired to a standard RS-232 device
          23        In/SEL/Carrier Detect

          PacComm Asynchronous Port Definition

          All connections are to RS-232 Connector (DE 9)

          Pin #     Direction/EIA Pin Designation/Usage
           2        Out/RXD/Data Out
           3        In/TXD/Data On
           5        NA/Frame Ground
           6        Out/DSR/Pull Up Signal (+12 VDC)
           7        In/DTR/If LO wired to a diode matrix cable
                    . /If not LO wired to a standard RS-232 device
           8        Out/CTS/Request To Send (Async PTT)
           9        In/SEL/Carrier Detect

          AEA Asynchronous Port Definition

          All connections are to J1 (DB 25)

          Pin #     Direction/EIA Pin Designation/Usage
           1        NA/Frame Ground
           2        In/TXD/Data On
           3        Out/RXD/Data Out
           4        In/DTR/If LO wired to a diode matrix cable
                    . /If not LO wired to a standard RS-232 device
           5        Out/CTS/Request To Send (Async PTT)
           6        Out/DSR/Pull Up Signal (+12 VDC)
           7        NA/Ground
           8*       Out/LO/Pull Down signal (-12 VDC)
          23*       In/SEL/Carrier Detect

          Note: JP-3 Must be in position B (Toward Front of board) and JP-9
                must be soldered ON


                                                                        37


     Asynchronous Radio Port Cables

          TNC-2 to Radio Port Cable

          CAPS mean TNC, lower means Modem DB25

          GND PIN  1 - gnd pin  1
          TXD PIN  2 - rxd pin  3
          RXD PIN  3 - txd pin  2
          CTS PIN  5 - rts pin  4 (Radio keying circuit/PTT)
          DSR PIN  6 - dtr pin 20 (depending on Modem)
          GND PIN  7 - gnd pin  7 (Optional)
          DTR PIN 20 - HI PIN   9 (Use RS-232 Signaling)
          SEL PIN 23 - dcd pin  8 (Tie Modem DCD to sio dcdb)

          PacComm Packet Controller to Radio Port Cable

          CAPS mean TNC, lower means Modem DB25

          RXD PIN 2 - txd pin  2
          TXD PIN 3 - rxd pin  3
          GND PIN 5 - gnd pin  1
          DSR PIN 6 - dtr pin 20 (depending on Modem)
          DTR PIN 7 - DSR PIN  6 (RS-232 Interface)
          CTS PIN 8 - rts pin  4 (Radio keying circuit/PTT)
          SEL PIN 9 - dcd pin  8 (Tie Modem DCD to sio dcdb)

          AEA TNC to Radio Port Cable

          CAPS mean TNC, lower means Modem DB25

          GND PIN  1 - gnd pin  1
          TXD PIN  2 - rxd pin  3
          RXD PIN  3 - txd pin  2
          DTR PIN  4 - DSR PIN  6 (Use RS-232 Signaling)
          CTS PIN  5 - rts pin  4 (Radio keying circuit/PTT)
          DSR PIN  6 - dtr pin 20 (depending on Modem)
          GND PIN  7 - gnd pin  7 (Optional)
          SEL PIN 23*- dcd pin  8 (Tie Modem DCD to sio dcdb)

          Note: JP-3 Must be in position B (Toward Front of board) and JP-9
                must be soldered ON

     Wiring two TNCs for Back-to-Back Operation

          Each of the following will describe a single end of the cable.


                                                                        38


          TNC-2 End of a Dual Back to Back Cable

          CAPS mean this TNC, lower means the other TNC

          GND PIN  1 ------ gnd
          TXD PIN  2 ------ rxd
          RXD PIN  3 ------ txd
          CTS PIN  5 ------ sel
          GND PIN  7 ------ gnd
          DTR PIN 20 ------ (open)
          SEL PIN 23 ------ cts

          PacComm Packet Controller End of a Dual Back to Back Cable

          CAPS mean this TNC, lower means the other TNC

          RXD PIN 2 ------ txd
          TXD PIN 3 ------ rxd
          GND PIN 5 ------ gnd
          DTR PIN 7 ------ (open)
          CTS PIN 8 ------ sel
          SEL PIN 9 ------ cts

          AEA PK-88 End of a Dual Back to Back Cable

          CAPS mean this TNC, lower means the other TNC

          GND PIN  1 ------ gnd
          TXD PIN  2 ------ rxd
          RXD PIN  3 ------ txd
          DTR PIN  4 ------ (open)
          CTS PIN  5 ------ sel
          GND PIN  7 ------ gnd
          SEL PIN 23*------ cts

          Note: JP-3 Must be in position B (Toward Front of board) and JP-9
                must be soldered ON

     Differences between ROSE and Net/ROM Back-to-Back Cable

               The ROSE Switch now also supports usage of the Net/ROM style
          of diode  matrix cable/board.  Follow the normal construction but
          swap the wires going to Pin 20 and Pin 23.

     Wiring many TNCs for Back-to-Back Operation

               There are  two methods for connecting more than two switches
          back to  back. The diode matrix cable previously used for Net/ROM
          can be used with a simple change, see above.

               To use standard RS-232 signals you will need the PacComm RS-
          232 LAN  card. The advantage of this board is that RS-232 will be
          more reliable  over long  cable runs  and  it  can  interface  to
          standard devices  such as  Landline Modems  or multiplexers. This


                                                                        39


          can be useful for attaching to "WormHoles" we can find at or near
          our offices!

     Conclusion

               The ROSE  X.25 Packet  Switch is  the most  advanced  packet
          switch for  amateur packet  networking. The growing collection of
          features and  use of state of the art protocols enable it to play
          a key role in the growing Global Amateur Packet Network.

               This is  just the  first  tool  for  the  RATS  Open  System
          Environment. Other  projects have  been identified  and  will  be
          supported by  or supportive  of the  ROSE X.25 Packet Switch. The
          Radio  Amateur   Telecommunications  Society   is  committed   to
          development of  state of  the  art  networking  for  the  amateur
          service.






     Appendix 1 - Files Supplied in archive
          
          The following files are included in the archive RZSWmmdd.ZIP:
          (Where mm is the month and dd is the day of the release)
          
          PKZIP (tm)   Version 1.01   07-21-89
          
          Searching ZIP: RZSW1130.ZIP
          
           Length  Method    Date    Time   CRC-32  Attr  Name
           ------  ------    ----    ----   ------  ----  ----
             4644  Implode 12-07-89  19:00  5ee71ccd --w  CONFIG.LOD
            26700  Implode 10-28-89  17:44  6df18d49 --w  CONFIGUR.EXE
              994  Implode 12-02-89  14:12  7ce9c027 --w  MEMSIZ.LOD
             4495  Implode 06-05-89  12:16  c935b21f --w  NPA.ARC
             1450  Implode 04-11-89  00:29  346f00b7 --w  RATSINFO.TXT
             1015  Implode 04-11-89  00:28  24745c65 --w  RATSMBR.TXT
             9995  Implode 12-03-89  14:50  b20201eb --w  READZSW.ME
             3869  Implode 07-24-89  10:40  c28f67ce --w  REGISTER.TXT
            13298  Implode 12-01-89  10:14  10b63da8 --w  ROSEZSW.LST
            11612  Implode 12-01-89  10:16  eda5bfdd --w  ROSEZSW.MAP
             6397  Implode 12-07-89  19:19  8070a669 --w  USERS.LOD
             1578  Implode 09-12-89  22:13  5c6ff455 --w  W2VY-3.CNF
             1364  Implode 10-01-89  11:09  d56805df --w  LOCALNET.TXT
              230  Shrunk  12-02-89  13:11  f97b7011 --w  BOOTER.LOD
            32749  Implode 12-01-89  10:16  c12e4e64 --w  ROSEZSW.OVR
              258  Shrunk  12-02-89  21:44  010ab958 --w  TNC2.OVR
             3768  Implode 12-02-89  13:12  e0b5e234 --w  INFO.LOD
              257  Shrunk  12-02-89  21:45  9324d93c --w  DR200.OVR
              301  Shrunk  12-02-89  21:46  fe70954d --w  TNC320.OVR
              287  Shrunk  12-02-89  21:46  9352a622 --w  PK88.OVR
            23262  Implode 12-03-89  09:24  165e2ecc --w  MAKEPROM.EXE
             7166  Implode 12-07-89  18:21  8302ace5 --w  HEARD.LOD
           ------                                         -------
           155689                                          22
          
          
          READZSW.ME   - Boot strap information as well as changes from the
                         previous release.

          ROSESYS.DOC  - SYSOP Information on installation and
                         configuration (THIS FILE).

          ROSEUSER.DOC - User manual for the Switch.

          CONFIGUR.EXE - IBM PC executable that converts the network
                         description file (xyz.CNF) to a file that is
                         loadable into a switch CONFIG application
                         (xyz.TBL).

          CONFIG.LOD   - The configuration interface that is executed on
                         the switch while uploading the ".TBL" file.





          MEMSIZ.LOD   - Simple test application, gives you the amount of
                         memory used.

          USERS.LOD    - Application that provides the user with a list of
                         all active connections to or through a switch.

          INFO.LOD     - Application to access TEXT of remote switch and
                         also provides text messages for Reset and
                         Disconnect messages.

          HEARD.LOD    - Application that keeps track of what stations the
                         switch has heard. Keeps track of how long ago they
                         were heard, the first time heard, number of frames
                         heard and frame type of the last frame heard.

          NPA.ARC      - Archive that contains all the Area Codes in the
                         USA and Canada broken down by state/province and
                         by call area.

          ROSEZSW.BIN  - Binary image suitable for EPROM programming.

          ROSEZSW.HEX  - Intel HEX format file suitable for EPROM
                         programming.

          ROSEZSW.LST  - Assembly listing to aid the custom modification of
                         some of the default parameters.

          ROSEZSW.MAP  - Address map of all entry points and global
                         variables, useful in custom modification of
                         default parameters.

          TNC2.OVR, TNC320.OVR, PK88.OVR, DR200.OVR
          and
          ROSEZSW.OVR  - Overlay files used by MAKEPROM.EXE to create the
                         EPROM for a specific machine.

          MAKEPROM.EXE - MS-DOS Program used to create EPROM Image to be
                         burned into an EPROM.





     Appendix 2 - ROSE X.25 Packet Switch User's Manual





     Appendix 3 - Network Configuration Example
     
          DEFAULT PORT 0
          DEFAULT TIMEOUT 900
          DEFAULT L3W 4
          DEFAULT MAXVC 20
          
          THIS DNIC 3100 United States of America
          
          THIS NODE Clifton
          ADDRESS 201478
          CALL W2VY-3
          DIGI W2VY-2
          COVERAGE
          201472 201473 201777 201779 201470 201478
          201778 201772
          END
          USERPORT 0
          TEXT
          $
          While Disconnected From THIS X.25 Switch issue a command like:
          $
          C CALLSIGN-SSID V W2VY-3,201256
          $
                       Switches Available for User Access are:
               Address   Callsign   Location             User Port Freq
                201256   W2VY-3     Montclair              221.11 Mhz
                201744   N2DSY-3    LittleFalls,NJ         145.07 Mhz
                609426   KA2VLP-3   Hightstown,NJ          145.07 Mhz
                609261   WA3YRI-3   MtHolly,NJ             145.07 Mhz
                212456   KD6TH-6    Manhattan,NY           145.07 Mhz
                609530   N2EVW-9    Ewing,NJ               221.01 Mhz
                609883   N2EVW-8    Trenton,NJ             221.11 Mhz
                201663   N2ELC-3    Lake Hopatcong,NJ       145.09 Mhz
          $
             Possible connect paths available to access BBS User ports.
          C KB1BD-4 V W2VY-3,609426           C WA2VXT-4 v W2VY-3,609426
          C KD6TH-4 V W2VY-3,201744           C N2ELC-4 v W2VY-3,201663
          $
              Connect Paths Available to KA-Nodes or NETROM Facilities:
          C WB2DRD-3 V W2VY-3,609426          C WB2MNF-3 V W2VY-3,609530
          $
          When connecting  to TheNet  Nodes act  as if  you have  connected
          direct to  it.   Type C  NODENAME, after  you have  connected  to
          either of  the TheNet  nodes listed above, to connect to the next
          desired node. Type NODES to get a node list after your connect or
          type Info to get information about the particular TheNet node you
          are connected to. Example:  To connect to ELK TheNet node use the
          following sequence:
          C WB2DRD-3 V W2VY-3,6o9530
          C ELK
          $
          You will  shortly be  Disconnected from  this switch.  If you are
          currently connected  via either  TheNET or  KA-Node RECONNECT  to





          THAT node  and then issue a connect as shown above.  Note: It has
          come to our attention that those systems using old TNC1 code will
          not accept  all digit  fields, substitute  o for 0 and i for 1 in
          the all digit field and you will be successful.  Disconnect codes
          can be  found on the KB1BD-4 PBBS, filename is DISCO.COD.  Please
          address questions  to  KB1BD@KB1BD  or  W2VY@KD6TH.  This  switch
          brought to you courtesy of RATS.  Enjoy 73 Tom W2VY
          $EOF
          END
          
          NODE Manhattan
          ADDRESS 212456
          PATH KD6TH-3
          END
          
          NODE LittleFalls
          ADDRESS 201744
          PATH N2DSY-3
          END
          
          NODE Clifton2
          ADDRESS 201779
          PATH W2VY-9
          PORT 1
          END
          
          NODE Montclair
          ADDRESS 201256
          PATH W2VY-12 Via KB1BD-2
          END
          
          USER KD6THbbs
          PATH KD6TH-4
          PORT 1
          MAXVC 0
          END
          
          Route to Nodes Manhattan LittleFalls
          Calls for
          207 802 617 508 413 203 401
          518 607 212 718 716 516 914 315
          end
          
          Route to Node Manhattan
          Calls for
          212456
          end
          
          Route to Node LittleFalls
          Calls for
          201744
          end
          





          Route to Node LittleFalls
          Calls for
          609 215 717 202
          end
          
          DNIC 0
          Route to Node LittleFalls
          Calls for
          3020
          end
          
          WRITE w2vy-3.tbl
          QUIT





     Appendix 4 - Terminology

               A Link  is a  connection between  two stations,  either  two
          users, two switches or a user and a switch.

               A Virtual  Circuit, or  VC is a connection for data transfer
          between two  users, in a multi-switch networking environment this
          may involve more than one Link.

               A Network  Address is  a number  that  identifies  an  entry
          and/or exit point of the network.

               A Call  or Call  Request is  what a  user or switch sends to
          another switch to attempt to set up a VC to the specified Network
          Address.

               A Clear  is an  indication  that  a  Call  or  VC  is  being
          disconnected, a clearing cause is supplied to indicate the reason
          for the disconnection.

               A Routing  Alternative is  the list of switches that will be
          tried when  a Call  Request is  received for  a specific  Network
          Address.

               A Block  Statement is a collection of commands that effect a
          common item  that was  specified  at  the  start  of  the  block.
          Examples of  Block Statements are NODE and USER, see below. Block
          Statements can be nested.

               A TNC-2  Clone includes, but is not limited to the following
          packet  controllers;   TAPR  TNC-2;   PacComm  TNC-200,   TINY-2,
          Micropower-2;  AEA   PK-80;  MFJ  1270,  1278  and  is  generally
          identifiable has a TNC having a Z80 CPU and Z80 SIO/0.





            Appendix 5 - Shifted ASCII Table
                            Character Hex Value   Shifted
                               A         41        82
                               B         42        84
                               C         43        86
                               D         44        88
                               E         45        8A
                               F         46        8C
                               G         47        8E
                               H         48        90
                               I         49        92
                               J         4A        94
                               K         4B        96
                               L         4C        98
                               M         4D        9A
                               N         4E        9C
                               O         4F        9E
                               P         50        A0
                               Q         51        A2
                               R         52        A4
                               S         53        A6
                               T         54        A8
                               U         55        AA
                               V         56        AC
                               W         57        AE
                               X         58        B0
                               Y         59        B2
                               Z         5A        B4
                               0         30        60
                               1         31        62
                               2         32        64
                               3         33        66
                               4         34        68
                               5         35        6A
                               6         36        6C
                               7         37        6E
                               8         38        70
                               9         39        72
                             space       20        40
            
            Additional values used for SSID's only
            
                               10        -         74
                               11        -         76
                               12        -         78
                               13        -         7A
                               14        -         7C
                               15        -         7E
                 