 [13]  IN*TOUCH DRUGS (1:375/48)  TALK.POLITICS.DRUGS 
 Msg  : #4896 [100]                                                             
 From : San Diego Hemp Council              1:2613/335      Thu 24 Feb 94 17:20 
 To   : All                                                                     
 Subj : ===CITY COUNCIL VOTES *FOR* MEDICAL MARIJUANA===                        

From: sdhc@pro-sancho.cts.com (San Diego Hemp Council)
Organization: Pro-Sancho BBS -- A node on The Harold Network (THN)

The following article is from the 2/24/94 San Diego Union-Tribune:


End Asked For Bans On Medical Pot Use

The San Diego City Council has unanimously passed a resolution calling on the
White House and Congress to end federal prohibitions against the medicinal
use of marijuana.

Sponsored by 3rd District Councilwoman Christine Kehoe, the resolution urges
federal lawmakers to create a "rational system" of allowing prescription
access to marijuana.

Kehoe proposed the resolution last month after learning of the case of Sam
Skipper, a La Mesa man sentenced to 16 months in prison for growing marijuana
to alleviate his AIDS symptoms.

Copies of the council's resolution will be sent to the White House, the
secretary of Health and Human Services, the Attorney General and San Diego's
congressional delegation.



Here is the resolution itself:


RESOLUTION NUMBER R-94-1975
ADOPTED ON 02-22-94


WHEREAS, significant scientific and medical studies by the National Academy
of Science have shown marijuana is safe for use under medical supervision and
that the cannabis plant, in its natural form, has important therapeutic
actions that are often of critical medical importance to persons afflicted
with a variety of life and sense threatening illnesses; and

WHEREAS, courts have recognized the medical value in marijuana in treatment
and have ruled that marijuana can be a drug of "necessity" in the treatment
of glaucoma, cancer, AIDS, and multiple sclerosis; and

WHEREAS, most physicians surveyed said that they would prescribe
cannabis/marijuana if legally available; and

WHEREAS, the people of The City of San Diego believe that well trained
medical professionals rather than remote federal bureaucrats should be
responsible for determining a patient's routine of medical care; and

WHEREAS, seriously ill San Diegans and other Americans are unnecessarily
suffering because of federal policies which legally prohibit marijuana's
legitimate medical use; and

WHEREAS, these problems are not particular to The City of San Diego but
generally affect the citizens of all cities adversely; NOW, THEREFORE,

BE IT RESOLVED, by the Council of The City of San Diego, that this Council
memorializes the President and the United States Congress to end federal
prohibitions against marijuana's legitimate medical use by creating a
rational system of prescriptive medical access to marijuana.

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that copies of this resolution be transmitted to the
President of the United States, the Vice President, the Secretary of the
United States Department of Health and Human Services, the United States
Attorney General, and the members of the San Diego Congressional Delegation.


APPROVED: JOHN W. WITT, City Attorney

By Stuart H. Swett
   Senior Chief Deputy

___________________________________________________
 San Diego Hemp Council -- sdhc@pro-sancho.cts.com
  Hemp can save the planet -- Re-Legalize It NOW!


---
 * Origin: COBRUS - Usenet-to-Fidonet Distribution System (1:2613/335.0)

 [58]  IN*TOUCH EFF TALK (1:375/48)  COMP.ORG.EFF.TALK 
 Msg  : #4043 [100]                                                             
 From : Fwd:                                1:2613/335      Thu 24 Feb 94 19:34 
 To   : All                                                                     
 Subj : [alt.hemp]  Censored on CompuServe!                                     

From: kadie@hal.cs.uiuc.edu (Fwd:)
Organization: University of Illinois, Dept. of Comp. Sci., Urbana, IL

[A repost - Carl]

From: sysop@bbs.whiting.mcs.com (SysOp)
Newsgroups: alt.hemp
Subject:  Censored on CompuServe!
Message-ID: <02231994.230252@bbs.whiting.mcs.com>
Date: 23 Feb 94 23:02:52 CST

*--*  02-23-94  -  22:38:31  *--*
CompuServe Mail

Date:  23-Feb-94 07:55 CST
From:  SYSOP [70006,256]
Subj:  H.E.M.P. BBS-Help End Marijuana Prohibit

CompuServe reserves the right to reject any Classified ad that it
feels is not appropriate for this media.  A full refund for the
cost of the ad will be applied to your account.

Classified Editor
......................................................................
#2663  Miscellaneous Information                20-Feb-94

Subject: H.E.M.P. BBS-Help End Marijuana Prohibit
From:    C.G. [73772,1411]
State:   IN

Call the H.E.M.P. BBS. Providing important, up-to-date, FACTUAL
information about marijuana and other illicit drugs. We provide
Internet/VirtualNet newsgroups and e-mail services. FREE, IMMEDIATE
access available on first call. Get the FACTS. (219)763-2357 (v32b).

We did cancel our subscription and notify them of the reason.

Origin: H.E.M.P. BBS - (219) 763-2357 - Help End Marijuana Prohibition
--
Carl Kadie -- I do not represent any organization; this is just me.
 = kadie@cs.uiuc.edu =

---
 * Origin: COBRUS - Usenet-to-Fidonet Distribution System (1:2613/335.0)

 [17]  IN*TOUCH DRUGS (1:375/48)  TALK.POLITICS.DRUGS 
 Msg  : #4804 [100]                                                             
 From : NORML California                    1:2613/335      Tue 01 Mar 94 09:14 
 To   : All                                                                     
 Subj : Alcohol Worse Accident Hazard than                                      

From: NORML California <canorml@igc.apc.org>

NHTSA Accident Study Finds Alcohol, Not Drugs
the Big Danger on the Road;
Marijuana By Itself Not an Apparent Driving Hazard

Contact: Dale Gieringer,  Coordinator, California NORML   (415) 563-
5858.
      A newly released National Highway Transportation Safety
Administration study indicates that alcohol is by far the leading
cause of drug-related traffic accidents, while marijuana poses
negligible danger except when combined with alcohol.
      The study,  the most comprehensive drug accident survey to date,
is dated October 1992, but is only now being released.  A researcher
familiar with the project says this is because it contradicts the
government's official anti-drug line that illicit drugs are a major
public safety hazard.
      The study investigated blood samples from 1882 drivers killed
in car, truck and motorcycle accidents in seven states during 1990 -
91.  Alcohol was found in 51.5% of the specimens.   Just 17.8%
showed traces of other drugs; marijuana was a distant second to
alcohol at 6.7%, followed by cocaine (5.3%), benzodiazepine
tranquillizers (2.9%) and amphetamine (1.9%).   Two-thirds of
marijuana- and other-drug-using drivers were also positive for
alcohol.
      The report concluded that alcohol was by far the "dominant
problem" in drug-related accidents.    A responsibility analysis
showed that alcohol-using drivers were conspicuously culpable in
fatal accidents, especially at high blood concentrations or in
combination with other drugs, including marijuana.  However, those
who used marijuana alone were found to be if anything less culpable
than non-drug-users.  The report concluded, "there was no indication
that marijuana by itself was a cause of fatal accidents."
      Although California NORML's "Health Tips for Marijuana
Smokers," by California NORML coordinator Dale Gieringer, lists
accidents and respiratory disease due to smoking as the two leading
health hazards of marijuana, these findings are consistent with
other studies, which have generally found that marijuana is rarely
involved in driving accidents except when combined with alcohol.
      The NHTSA report, "The Incidence and Role of Drugs in Fatally
Injured Drivers,"  by K.W. Terhune, et al.  of the Calspan Corp.
Accident Research Group in Buffalo, NY (Report # DOT-HS-808-065)
is available from the National Technical Information Service,
Springfield VA 22161.

---
 * Origin: COBRUS - Usenet-to-Fidonet Distribution System (1:2613/335.0)

 [17]  NORML (1:375/48)  NORML 
 Msg  : #6028 [95]                                                              
 From : Carl Olsen                          1:290/2         Tue 01 Mar 94 19:56 
 To   : Dave Rath                                                               
 Subj : Cannabidiol                                                             

        "Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Constituents of Cannabis
Sativa L.," E. A. Formukong, A. T. Evans, and F. J. Evans, Inflammation, Vol.
12, No. 4, 1988, pp. 361-371.  The traditional use of Cannabis as an analgesic,
anti-asthmatic, and anti-rheumatic drug is well  established.  This study also
suggests that cultivation of Cannabis plants rich in Cannabidiol (CBD) and other
phenolic substances would be useful not only as fiber producing plants but also
for medicinal purposes  in the treatment of certain inflammatory disorders.  CBD
was found to be more effective than aspirin as an anti-inflammatory agent.
        "Open Label Evaluation of Cannabidiol in Dystonic Movement Disorders,"
Consroe, et al, International Journal of Neuroscience, 1986, Vol. 30, pp.
277-82.  Cannabidiol, CBD, a non-psycho-active cannabinoid of Marijuana, was
given to 5 patients with dystonic movement disorders.  Improvement occurred in
all 5 patients by 20 to 50%.
        "Possivel Efeito Hipnotico do Cannabidiol no ser Humano," (Possible
hypnotic effect of Cannabidiol on human beings.) E. A. Carlini,  Jandira Masur,
Catulo Magelhaes, Ciencia E Cultura, 31(3), March 1979, pp. 315-322.  This
Brazilian study, in portugese, involved 15 insomniac volunteers who were given
non-psychoactive Cannabidiol, CBD, in a double blind crossover design.  Under
CBD the number of subjects who slept 7 or more hours was significantly larger
than those who took placebo.
        "Effects of Cannabidiol in Huntington's Disease," Sandyk, Consroe,
Stern, & Snider, Neurology, 36 (Suppl 1) April, 1986, p. 342.  3  patients with
Huntington's Disease who had been previously unresponsive to therapy with
neuroleptics, were given Cannabidiol, CBD a non-psychoactive cannabinoid of
Marijuana.  After the Second week improvement in choreic movement occurred by 20
to 40%.  Except for transient, mild hypo-tension no side effects were recorded.
        "Chronic Administration of Cannabidiol to Healthy Volunteers and
Epileptic Patients," Pharmacology, 21: 1980, J. M. Cunha, et al, pp. 175-185.
Of 8 Epileptic patients receiving CBD, 4 were free of convulsions, 3 had partial
improvement, and 1 was unchanged.  No serious side effects were found.  This is
quite important, as complex partial seizures with secondary generalization are
difficult to treat with currently used drugs.  The potential use of CBD as an
anti-epileptic drug  and its possible potentiating effect on other drugs are
discussed.
                                        Carl E. Olsen
                                        Iowa NORML Coordinator

--- Tabby 3.0
 * Origin: _ZSys_BBS_515/279-3073_D.M.,IA_Silicon_Prairie_v.32 (1:290/2)

 [13]  NORML (1:375/48)  NORML 
 Msg  : #5686 [94]                                                              
 From : David Webb                          1:123/65        Thu 03 Mar 94 12:33 
 To   : Robert Sheaks                                                           
 Subj : Clinton'S Surgeon Ge                                                    

While hitting Samuel Crowley, Robert Sheaks might have said that...

I think I can answer your question...

 RS> SC> What about studies on actual human populations? There are enough
 RS> SC> places in the world with enough smokers to make this possible.

 RS>       Maybe its possible to conduct surveys of the health
 RS> of tokers over long periods of time in some places.
 RS> Holland comes to mind.  But has it ever been done?  Beats
 RS> the heck out of me.

There have been studies conducted in Egypt and India in the late 1970's. These
studies concluded that in these countries, long term usage caused some
deterioration in memory and problem solving abilities. However, the experiment
was confounded because these mental deficiencies could have arisen form use of
other 'harder' drugs and/or were associated with a poor diet. The study was
recently done on American college students, and the intellectual deterioration
present in India and Egypt was not discovered in the U.S.

Sources:

Soueif, M.I. "Bulletin of Narcotics" (1976): p. 28.

Davison, Gerald C. "Abnormal Psychology" 6th ed. (1994) p. 296.

--- FMail 0.96
 * Origin: Unleaded Sunshine: Where the sun shines darkness... (1:123/65)
3/

 [13]  NORML (1:375/48)  NORML 
 Msg  : #5857 [94]                                                              
 From : Carl Olsen                          1:290/2         Wed 02 Mar 94 19:51 
 To   : Robert Sheaks                                                           
 Subj : Re: Clinton'S Surgeon Ge                                                

 > SC> What about studies on actual human populations? There are enough
 > SC> places in the world with enough smokers to make this possible.
 >
 >Maybe its possible to conduct surveys of the health of tokers over long
 >periods of time in some places.  Holland comes to mind.  But has it ever been
 >done?  Beats the heck out of me.
 >

Robert,
Surveys of long term marijuana using populations have been done and no
measurable differences were found.  See the Report of the Indian Hemp Drugs
Commission, for one example.  See Cannabis in Costa Rica, A Study of Chronic
Marihuana Use, Edited by William E. Carter, Institute for the Study of Human
Issues (1980), 3401 Science Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, U.S.A.
ISBN 0-89727-008-8.
                                        Carl E. Olsen

--- Tabby 3.0
 * Origin: _ZSys_BBS_515/279-3073_D.M.,IA_Silicon_Prairie_v.32 (1:290/2)

 [13]  NORML (1:375/48)  NORML 
 Msg  : #6112 [84]                                                              
 From : Carl Olsen                          1:290/2         Thu 03 Mar 94 20:38 
 To   : Jason Griffith                                                          
 Subj : RE: Pot Information...NOT Heresay.                                      

 >To any of you who actually know (notice I didn't say think you know) where I
>might find some concrete evidence on the effects of MJ, please tell me.  I'm
a  >senior in H.S. and am looking to get some good information, like when and
 >where studies on THC and MJ were done and what they actually proved.  BTW,
 >where can I get in contact with the NORML outpost closest to Sacramento, CA?
 >To anyone that may be able to help me:  Thanks in advance.
 >
 >Post or E-Mail for reply.
 >
 >
 >Jason E. Griffith
 >

Jason,
Contact Dale Gieringer, California NORML Coordinator, 2215-R Market Street,
#278, San Francisco, California 94114: (415) 563-5858.  In Los Angeles, call
(310) 652-8654.  In San Diego, call (619) 571-0088.  In East Bay, call (510)
653-5173 or FAX (510) 428-1713.
                                        Carl E. Olsen
                                        Iowa NORML Coordinator

--- Tabby 3.0
 * Origin: _ZSys_BBS_515/279-3073_D.M.,IA_Silicon_Prairie_v.32 (1:290/2)

 [8]  NORML (1:375/48)  NORML 
 Msg  : #7281 [130]                                                             
 From : Dan Hill                            1:343/70        Mon 07 Mar 94 21:06 
 To   : ALL                                                                     
 Subj : Commercial Hemp???                                                      

Taken from the Willamette Week of February 15, 1994 from an article by Harold
Olaf Cecil....

   What if scientists discovered a miraculous plant that could bail Oregon
out of the timber crisis, reopen mills and put loggers back to work? What if
this annual field crop produced more fiber per acre than trees and could be
used to make paper, building supplies and scores of other useful products?
Many believe such a plant actually exists. It has been cultivated throughout
the world for several millennia, and was grown in the United States for most
of the nation's history. It's called hemp.  Trouble is, Cannabis sativa has a

lot of other names too: the Devil's weed, pot, grass, reefer, cheeba, dank,
herb, marijuana. Although fiber-producing hemp strains contain virtually no
THC--the psychoactive component that gives pot its buzz--it doesn't matter.
Federal law forbids all cannabis cultivation without a special research
permit. Even possessing live hemp seed is illegal.

   For years now hemp advocates, many of them veterans of the marijuana
legalization movement, have worked to change Federal law to allow commercial
hemp production. They've had little success. But as environmental pressures,
squeeze the nation's wood supply, hempsters are gaining some unlikely allies,


North American industries--from Oregon pulp producer Pope & Talbot to paper
consumer Kinko's--are beginning to give hemp a serious second look, and much
of the activity is centered here in the Pacific Northwest.
   Pope & Talbot's Halsey mill, for example, currently uses sawmill waste wood
to produce pulp for paper manufacturers. late last year, company officials
contacted Oregon State University agronomists about potential fiber
alternatives to wood. OSU scientists returned a short list of fiber crops
that grow well in the Willamette balley's temperate climate: flax, bamboo,
and hemp.

   Pope & Talbot officials describe their interest in hemp as "very
preliminary." But product and process development manager Art Bosburg
acknowledges the Halsey mill is currently running below capacity.

   Daryl Ehrensing, a researcher at OSU's Department is "not put off at all by
hemp. The time is coming when they are not going to have much choice but to
consider alternatives to wood. The quality of hemp paper is as good or better
than wood pulp paper, Ehrensing says.

   Another Oregon company, C&S Specialty Building Supply, is exploring the
potential for building materials made from hemp fiber. The Harrisburg, Oregon
firm teamed up with the Washington State University in Pullman to
successfully develop a medium-density fiberboard using hemp instead of wood
chips. The fiber's extreme strength makes it a good candidate for lumber and
joist-type materials, says researcher Tom Maloney of WSU's Woods Materials
and Engineering Lab. "It appears we can make a high-quality product"," he
says. ''In the Northwest, as less and less wood fiber is available, this or
some other fiber could supplement wood."   C&S is also experimenting with hemp
fiber reinforced cement. Co-owner Dave Sever claims the French developed
material is seven times lighter than conventional cement and makes excellent
houses. "You could grow enough hemp on a few acres to build a 2,000
square-foot stucco house, he says."

   In other parts of the world, hemp is already big business. "Europeans have
been growing hemp for centuries--for them its just another industrial
crop," Ehrensing says." China has cultivated hemp for millennia, Eastern
europe for centuries, Western Europe for the last twenty years, and last year
the United Kingdom and Australia both grew legal industrial crops for paper
production. Pulp & Paper, the Norht American industry's largest trade
magazine concluded in a June, 1991editorial that ''"U.S. hemp-growing
restrictions should now at least be modified to meet pending shortages of
fiber, energy, and evvironmental quality."

   And is the United States doesn't lift restrictions, Seber says, American
industry will lose ground. "Other economic interists are not so blinded by
the drug issue. If we don't do it first, we're going to be living in
Mitsubishi houses," he warns.

   Agricultural scientists would like to begin testing hemp in the United
States but experiments are difficult for political reasons. "Its a touchy
issue. You spend all your time fighting paperwork instead of growing hemp."

  Unable to grow their own on U.S. soil, hemp
proponents have relied on imports. In the last few years, several Oregon
entrepeneurs have turned increased consumer environmental conciousness into a
modest-but-growing market for some of the many products that can be made from
hemp.

  TreeFree EcoPaper, a company based west of Portalnd near the Oregon Graduate
Institute, markets a Chinese paper made of equal parts hemp and cereal straw.
In addition to saving trees, the paper is bleached with a hydrogen peroxide
based process, producing no toxic dioxins. It is acid free giving it a shelf
life many times longer than typical papers.

   Kinko's and Bank of America both are testing the paper. Stanford says his
paper is competitively price with recycled paper.

   Textile importers such as Stephen Orgel pay even higher tariffs on Chinese
hemp fabrics. But Orgel, owner of House of Hemp on East Burnside Street in
Portland, expects to gross more than a half-million dollars this year mostly
from novelty apparel clients who manufacture shirts, hats and other hemp
canvas clothing.




 * Wave Rider 1.11 B # 270 *

--- GEcho 1.02+
 * Origin: Helix: Fido <> Usenet - Seattle (206)783-6368 (1:343/70)

 [12]  NORML (1:375/48)  NORML 
 Msg  : #5557 [89]                                                              
 From : WAVE@cc.weber.edu                   1:343/70.10     Tue 08 Mar 94 04:40 
 To   : All                                                                     
 Subj : WAVE   The Criminalization Of Cannabis                                  


-=> Note:

Copied (from: p_news) by Scott Parks using timEd.

Date: Tue, 8 Mar 94 12:40 MST
From: WASATCH AREA VOICES EXPRESS <WAVE@cc.weber.edu>

Wasatch Area Voices Express (W.A.V.E.)
Volume #1  Issue #4

THE CRIMINALIZATION OF CANNABIS
by Amy Christiansen

As you all know, Cannabis (hemp, marijuana, pot, ganja) is illegal. But
most of you are not familiar with the shady circumstances that surround its
criminalization. Cannabis has an extensive history around the world,
including the U.S.

Cannabis was legal tender from 1631 to 1800 in the U.S. You could pay taxes
with it. Benjamin Franklin's paper mill made paper from Cannabis. Thomas
Jefferson and George Washington grew it. It was and still is, in some
countries, used for many many things. But I'll go into that next issue. As
you may have gathered, hemp was not seen as a bad (and certainly not
illegal) thing until our century. What caused Cannabis to go from legal
tender to lawless felony? Well, in large part, greed and racism. Ready for
this?

In 1916, a mill was made to make paper from the woody stalks of hemp. (Hemp
has always been used for paper and plastics but it always had to be
harvested by hand.) In the 1930s, the hemp mill was just getting affordable
and accessible. Well, this totally jeopardized the success of all large
timber, newspaper, and paper companies. And in the mid-30s DuPont patented
sulfite/sulfate processes to make paper from wood pulp and plastics from oil
and coal. Okay now, Andrew Mellon of the Mellon Bank of Pittsburgh was a
chief backer of DuPont and Hearst (a newspaper company). Mellon's nephew
Harry J. Anslinger was named head of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics and
Dangerous Drugs (FBNDD) which is now the Drug Enforcement Administration.

Hearst began denouncing hemp in his newspaper. He made relations between
Hispanics and "marijuana." Hemp was the term used for Cannabis in the U.S.
until Hearst popularized marijuana. Hearst continued to paint pictures of
"lazy pot-smoking mexicans" and "negroes pot." These racial slurs continued
in Hearst's paper, and Anslinger told Congress that about 50% of all violent
crimes were committed by non-whites and that they could be directly traced
to marijuana. Well, Cannabis was outlawed in 1937, pushed by racist greedy
liars who owned powerful rich corporations and all the right people.

Incidentally, you all remember Bush, our anti-drug, let's start a drug war
and spend billions of dollars on more government bureaucracy president.
Well, he was named head of Eli Lilly (a pharmaceutical company) by Dan
Quayle's dad. Lilly makes several synthetic drugs based on the medicinal
properties of hemp. Imagine the profits that ol' George and Dan would've
lost if some of the real medicine would have been legally available!!

Well, now ya know the real reason that hemp is illegal, some rich guy wanted
to get even richer. If you want to read more, pick up Jack Herer's book The
Emperor Wears No Clothes. It's chockful of amazing facts on hemp. Or watch
for the next issue of WAVE!  Hemp education continues ...

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

* CopyLeft 1993 by Wasatch Area Voices Express (W.A.V.E.)
     Distribute this article freely, but drop a line to let us know if you do.
     W.A.V.E. is produced by a collective of students, staff, and faculty from
Weber State University, and members of the surrounding Ogden, Utah, community.
     To receive more information about W.A.V.E. (e.g., getting a postal or
email subscription, submitting a "Letter To WAVE", joining the WAVE e-mail
list/network, making a donation (!), or submitting material to be published,
etc., etc.), send a message to <WAVE@cc.weber.edu>
     We welcome all input.  Thank you!
     SAVE THE W.A.V.E.!!!!!  Make a donation!

--- GEcho 1.02+
 * Origin: Helix: FidoNet<>Internet - Seattle (206)783-6368 (1:343/70.10)

 [11]  NORML (1:375/48)  NORML 
 Msg  : #4834 [56] - 4833                                                       
 From : Carl Olsen                          1:290/2         Sun 13 Mar 94 19:54 
 To   : Shelby Moyes                                                            
 Subj : Carcinogens                                                             

Putting Pipes To The Test
        Previous studies, reported by Nick Cozzi in the last issue of the  MAPS
newsletter, have demonstrated that water pipes do filter some of the
potentially harmful constituents of marijuana smoke.  What we seek to determine
are the exact differences, if any, in the amounts of THC and other cannabinoids,
and tars and particulate matter contained in water-filtered smoke compared to
unfiltered smoke.
        The study has two phases.  First, smoke from three different types of
pipes will be tested in a rough, quick way to determine their relative amounts
of THC and one representative tar.  Second, the water pipe that delivers the
highest THC/tar ratio will then be run through a very comprehensive analysis
comparing the materials in the smoke from the  water pipe to the materials in
the smoke from a standard unfiltered marijuana cigarette.
        The three pipes to be tested in the first phase of the study are quite
different from each other.  The first is a rather interesting water  pipe with a
small battery operated fan blade immersed in the water.  The fan blade creates
turbulence in the water in order to increase the mixing  of the smoke with the
water.  Theoretically, this should result in more filtering action than if the
water was still.  The second water pipe is being designed by Nick Cozzi and a
MAPS member who was inspired by Nicks article to see if he could design an
efficient water pipe that would incorporate various filters.  Nick will suggest
the filters (a gas diffusion frit and a cigarette-type particulate filter) and
the MAPS member will build the prototype.
        The third pipe that will be tested is not a water pipe.  This pipe
exploits the fact that THC and other cannabinoids will vaporize at a
temperature below that of the burning point of marijuana.  The pipe enables
people to inhale marijuana vapor containing THC and other cannabinoids rather
than marijuana smoke containing THC along with all sorts of particulate matter,
tars, and some gaseous products of combustion.  This pipe is likely to produce
very little particulate matter and deliver little or no undesirable gas
combustion products.
        The pipe uses an electric heating plate rather than matches.  It works
by heating the marijuana enough to vaporize the THC.  It then gathers the vapor
in an enclosed space and delivers the vaporized smoke to the smoker through a
standard mouthpiece.  While this pipe is likely to be the best from a health
standpoint, it will probably take some further refinement before it can be made
easy to use, reliable, and efficient in terms of getting as much of the THC out
of the marijuana as possible.  Because of the more practical nature of the water
pipes compared to the vaporization device, we will conduct the comprehensive
test with whichever water pipe performs the best in the initial trial.

Harm Reduction
        This water pipe study is a classic example of the harm reduction
approach to drug use.  If water pipes really reduce the harm associated with
marijuana smoking, non-medical users can be educated about the benefits of water
pipes and encouraged to use them whenever possible.  Since smoking is one of the
main harms associated with the use of marijuana (accidents are another), this
simple water pipe study may help lay the groundwork for significantly reducing
the harmfulness of marijuana smoke.  If US drug policy ever moves to a
harm-reduction approach to marijuana, studies such as this one will play an
important role in helping users to identify and minimize the health risks of
marijuana.  The shift to prevention rather than treatment is consistent with the
current health care debate and seems likely to reduce costs in the long run.
        After over a year of effort, the MAPS study of the effectiveness of
water pipes in filtering marijuana smoke is about to begin.  I would like to
express my deep appreciation for the generosity of the MAPS members who believed
in the importance of this study, and in putting this  matter to a scientific
test.

Mulitdisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies, Inc., Winter 1994,  Vol.
IV, No. 3, Pages 10-11, by Rick Doblin, 1801 Tippah Avenue, Charlotte, North
Carolina 28205, Phone (704) 358-9830, FAX (704) 358-1650,
Internet:RICKMAPS@aol.com.

--- Tabby 3.0
 * Origin: _ZSys_BBS_515/279-3073_D.M.,IA_Silicon_Prairie_v.32 (1:290/2)

 [11]  NORML (1:375/48)  NORML 
 Msg  : #4508 [56]                                                              
 From : Dan Hill                            1:343/70        Sun 13 Mar 94 00:45 
 To   : All                                                                     
 Subj : Report from Upstate NY                                                  

Emerging from the mist the Dr. replies.....

ru>Subject: Re: Why use drugs?
ru>I take drugs 'cos it's fun.
ru>No other reason really.
ru>I like to take drugs because it makes me feel different to normal.

A fellow from upstate New York reported:
  Gradually, by five grains at a time, I increased the dose to thirty grains,
which I took one evening half an hour after tea.
   I had now almost come to the conclusion that I was absolutely
unsusceptible of the hasheesh influence.  Without any expectation that this
last experiment  would be more successful than the former ones, and indeed
with no realization of the manner in which the drug affected those who did
make the experiment successfully, I went to pass the evening at the house of
an intimate friend. In music and conversation the time passed pleasantly.
The clock struck ten, reminding me that three hours had elapsed since the
dose was taken, and as yet not an unusual symptom had appeared.
  Ha! what means this sudden thrill?  A shock, as of some unimagined vital
force, shoots without warning through my entire frame, leaping to my fingers'
ends, piercing my brain, startling me till I almost spring from my chair.
   I could not doubt it.  I was in the power of the hasheesh influence....
....   No pain anywhere --- not a twinge in any fibre --- yet a cloud of
unutterable strangeness was settling upon me, and wrapping me impenetrably in
from all that was natural or familiar....
....   As I heard once more the alien and unreal tones of my own voice, I
became convinced that it was some one else who spoke, and in another world.
I sat and listened; still the voice kept speaking.  Now for the first time I
experienced that vast change which hasheesh makes in all measurements of
time....
...   In the midst of my complicated hallucination, I could perceive that I
had a dual existence.  One portion of me was whirled unresistingly along the
track of this tremendous experience, the other sat looking down from a height

upon its double, observing, reasoning, and serenely weighting all the
phenomena. This calmer being suffered with the other by sympathy, but did not

lose its self-possession....
.....   Any now, in another life, I remembered that far back in the cycles I
had looked at my watch to measure the time through which I passed.  The
impulse seized me to look again.  The minute-hand stood half-way between
fifteen and sixteen minutes past eleven.  The watch must have stopped; I held

it to my ear: no, it was still going.  I had travelled through all that
immeasurable chain of dreams in thirty seconds.  "My God!" I cried, "I am in
eternity."  In the presence of that first sublime revelation of the soul's
own time, and her capacity for an infinite life, I stood trembling with
breathless awe.....
..... When I woke it was morning --- actually morning, and not a hasheesh
hallucination.  The first emotion that I felt upon opening my eyes was
happiness to find things again wearing a natural air.  Yes; although the last
experience of which I had been conscious had seemed to satisfy every human
want, physical or spiritual, I smiled on the four plain white walls.....I
rose that I might test my reinstated powers, and see if the restoration
was complete.  Yes, I felt not one trace of bodily weariness nor mental
depression.  Every function had returned to its normal state, with the one
exception mentioned; memory could not efface the traces of my having passed
through a great mystery.
.......Reported by F.H. Ludlow....





 * Wave Rider 1.11 B # 270 *
... A day without sunshine is like night.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-


 * Wave Rider 1.11 B # 270 *
... A day without sunshine is like night.
--- GEcho 1.02+
 * Origin: Helix: Fido <> Usenet - Seattle (206)783-6368 (1:343/70)

 [11]  NORML (1:375/48)  NORML 
 Msg  : #4343 [56]                                                              
 From : Paul Richards                       1:239/1004      Fri 11 Mar 94 12:59 
 To   : All                                                                     
 Subj : Justice?                                                                

Flint MI (AP)

Friends Back Pot Grower Who Tried To Take His Life (hdline)

James Rivett couldn't stand to see everything he had worked
for taken away just because he had been caught with 36
marijuana plants.  So he set his house on fire, sat down and
shot himself.

Although Rivett survived, his troubles are far from over.

Not only does he still face the legal problems, he also
needs extensive plastic surgery that his health insurance
won't pay for because his injuries were self-inflicted.

He now has some friends on his side and the U.S. Attorney's
office says it is willing to discuss a new plea agreement.

The problems started for Rivett in November 1992.  He had
built a thriving body shop at his home in the past 20 years,
despite the fact that he had dropped out of school in the
ninth grade.

He didn't have any trouble with police, although he smoked
marijuana several times a week.  But when federal
authorities raided his house 15 months ago, they found 36
marijuana plants.

Prosecutors offered Rivett a deal.  Turn over a criminal
suspect to police and they'd go easier on him.

But Rivett said he didn't know anyone he could tell the
police about.

The U.S. Attorney's Office finally worked out a deal that
would cost him his house and business (or a flat payment of
$75,000), 24 to 30 months in prison and a fine of at least
$10,000.

The deal was computed based on the prosecutor's documents,
which estimated that Rivett was responsible for producing
more than 500 pounds of marijuana.  It recommended that
Rivett be sentenced to more than 5 years in prison.

"They were insinuating that I made money with this stuff,"
Rivett said.  "I might have gave a little bit to my friends
here and there but I never made any money off it."

By then it was too late for Rivett to withdraw his plea.  So
on January 22 he set his house on fire, put the muzzle of an
assault rifle in his mouth and pulled the trigger.

Two dozen friends and neighbors wrote U.S. District Judge
Robert H. Cleland asking him for a careful review of the
case.

"I don't believe taking his home, all his life earnings and
his jail time is a fair punishment," wrote Gary Conklin, a
Genesee County special deputy, in a letter to Cleland.
"I've seen people do worse crimes and get off."

Last Thursday the U.S. Attorney's office allowed Rivett to
withdraw his guilty plea and work out a new deal.
-=-
 * OLX 3.10 31-1868 * "Conservatives are people too"-Ripley's Believe It Or

--- SLMAIL v3.5C  (#0480)
 * Origin: Wolverine (517) 695-9964 (1:239/1004)

 [24]  NORML (1:375/48)  NORML 
 Msg  : #1269 [50] - 1268 + 1789                                                
 From : Carl Olsen                          1:290/2         Thu 17 Mar 94 16:12 
 To   : Robert Sheaks                                                           
 Subj : Clinton's surgeon ge                                                    

 > CO> participated in a study which was published in
 > CO> Science which verified my statments here.  24 July
 > CO> 1981, Volume 213, pp. 465-466, Cognition and Long-
 > CO> Term Use of Ganja (Cannabis).
 >
 >Thanks for the reference.  I'm due to go to the library soon.  I'll
 >check it out.
 >

Robert,
If you are interested in my individual test scores, let me know and I'll mail
you a copy.
                                        Carl E. Olsen

--- Tabby 3.0
 * Origin: _ZSys_BBS_515/279-3073_D.M.,IA_Silicon_Prairie_v.32 (1:290/2)

 [24]  NORML (1:375/48)  NORML 
 Msg  : #1270 [50]                                                              
 From : Carl Olsen                          1:290/2         Thu 17 Mar 94 19:20 
 To   : All                                                                     
 Subj : North High School                                                       

The whys of legalizing hemp
by Jennifer Stickman and Sarah Owens
        Hemp is also known as cannabis hemp, Indian hemp, true hemp, muggles,
pot, marijuana, reefer, grass, ganja, bhang, the kind, dagga, herb, etc..
        Hemp has many uses that most people dont even know about, according to
the Emperor Wears No Clothes, Hemp/Queen of Clubs Publishing, 1993/94 Edition.
        Almost 80 percent of all mankinds textiles and fabrics for clothes,
tents, linens, rugs, drapes, quilts, etc., even our flag, Old Glory, were made
principally of cannabis fibers until the 1820s in America.  From 75 to 90
percent of all rope, twine, and cordage was made from hemp until 1937.  Hemp was
also used in paints, varnishes, lighting oil, biomass energy, medicine, food,
oil, protein, building materials, housing, smoking, leisure, economic stability,
profit, and free trade.  The stems of the hemp plant can also be used for fuel.
Around 80 percent  of Americas known oil and gas reserves have been consumed and
more will be used unless an alternative fuel is found.  Hemp is that alternative
fuel.
        If hemp were legal, it would have at least 60 therapeutic uses.  Every
U.S. Commissioner or federal judge who has studied the evidence has  agreed that
cannabis is one of the safest drugs known to mankind.  Some of the therapeutic
uses of cannabis are for asthma, glaucoma, tumors, nausea relief, epilepsy, back
pain, muscle spasms, arthritis, herpes, sleep relief for stress and migraines,
increase the appetite, and to reduce saliva.  One of the most surprising
therapeutic uses of the cannabis plant is as a lung cleaner.  It clears smog,
dust, and the phlegm associated with tobacco use, from the lungs.  Statistical
evidence  indicates that people who smoke tobacco cigarettes are usually better
off  and will live longer if they smoke cannabis moderately with the cigarettes.
        Hemp can be grown in almost any climate or soil condition on earth.  It
can reverse the greenhouse effect, replace fossil fuels, and be used to make
paper products.  Paper products are being made from wood pulp, but if they were
being made from hemp pulp, 4.1 acres of forests would be saved for every 1 acre
of hemp used.  Hemp grows to 20 ft. in three to six months, while most trees
grow that tall in 15 to 30 years.
        If legalized, the cannabis plant, with all of its uses, seems to be the
plant that could change and better the future.
        The North High Oracle, 501 Holcomb, Des Moines, Iowa 50313.

Interesting Facts
        tobacco smoking kills more people each year than AIDS, heroin, crack,
cocaine, alcohol, car accidents, fire and murder combined
        alcoholism is the leading cause of teen-age deaths; 8,000 American
teen-agers are killed every year
        THERE HAVE BEEN NO REPORTED DEATHS DUE TO MARIJUANA IN 10,000 YEARS OF
CONSUMPTION

--- Tabby 3.0
 * Origin: _ZSys_BBS_515/279-3073_D.M.,IA_Silicon_Prairie_v.32 (1:290/2)

 [25]  USENET DRUGS (1:375/48)  TALK.POLITICS.DRUGS 
 Msg  : #2764 [100]                                                             
 From : Tom Rohan                           1:2613/335      Sat 19 Mar 94 13:12 
 To   : All                                                                     
 Subj : Pt 1/6: Washington State Marijuana Initiative (Full Text of)            

From: trohan@eskimo.com (Tom Rohan)
Organization: Eskimo North (206) For-Ever

The following is the entire text of the Washington State Marijuana
Initiative, INITIATIVE 622. Because I have to upload this text in ASCII
format and since formatting is stripped from the file in ASCII, I had to
modify the text somewhat. Washington state law requires that every
existing law that is affected by an initiative must be included in the
initiative. Any words, phrases, or paragraphs that are DELETED from the
existing laws are shown with a line through them and are enclosed in
double parentheses (( )) in the text.  Any words, phrases, or paragraphs
that are ADDED to the existing laws are shown underlined in the text.
Since I can't make a line-drawn-through-a-word or underlining show up in
ASCII I put a -{ }- around all DELETED text and +{ }+ around all ADDED
text. This way you can see the stuff that is lopped out of or added to
those other existing laws. There are no other braces in the text so it
makes it easy to search for them to find DELETED and ADDED text.  So for
example, in the following sentence "marijuana" is deleted and "Elmers
glue" is added:

  "Everybody and their dog will be harrassed if they even THINK about
heroin, cocaine, -{((marijuana,))}- opium, +{Elmers glue,}+ my mother, or
((+-)cis-4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-5-phenyl-2-oxazolamine)."

(***Note that the "((+-)cis-4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-5-phenyl-2-oxazolamine)"
is not stricken but DOES contain the double parentheses. That's why I put in
the braces. Pertty smart huh.***)

==================================================================
==================================================================

Call the MARIJUANA INITIATIVE HOTLINE at (206) 548-8043 for more
information about the Marijuana Initiative and events.

==================================================================
==================================================================
==================================================================
==================================================================
==================================================================


      INITIATIVE 622

  I, Ralph Munro, Secretary of State of the State of Washington and
custodian of its seal, hereby certify that the attached is a true and
correct copy of Initiative Measure No. 622 to the People as it was
received by this office.

February 18, 1994

  AN ACT Relating to responsible use and reasonable taxation of
cannabis within the state of Washington; amending RCW 69.50.101,
69.50.102, 69.50.204, 69.50.401, and 69.50.505; reenacting and amending
RCW 10.31.100; adding a new section to chapter 82.04 RCW; adding a new
chapter to Title 69 RCW; and prescribing penalties.

BE IT ENACTED BY THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON:

  +{NEW SECTION.}+ Sec.  Unless the context clearly requires
otherwise, the following definitions apply throughout this chapter and
section 8 of this act:
  (1) "Board" means the cannabis control board.
  (2) "Personal use quantity of pharmacoactive cannabis" means:
  (a) Twenty or fewer growing cannabis plants; or
  (b) One hundred ounces or less of pharmacoactive cannabis in any
form.
  (3) "Pharmacoactive cannabis" means medicinal or recreational
cannabis.

  +{NEW SECTION.}+ Sec.  A person may not sell or give to a minor, nor
may a minor use or possess, pharmacoactive cannabis except by prescription
of a licensed physician.

  +{NEW SECTION.}+ Sec.  Each of the following activities requires a
license for each location where the activity is performed:
  (1) Cultivating cannabis flowering female tops or seeds;
  (2) Producing nutritional, medicinal, and recreational products
made from cannabis leaves, flowers, and seeds; and
  (3) Selling pharmacoactive cannabis products made from flowering
female tops other than seeds.

  +{NEW SECTION.}+ Sec.  A licensed seller of pharmacoactive cannabis
may sell cannabis paraphernalia, with the same restrictions on access by
minors as provided for pharmacoactive cannabis under section 2 of this
act.

  +{NEW SECTION.}+ Sec.  Without a license, a person over eighteen
years of age may cultivate and possess a personal use quantity of
pharmacoactive cannabis that was cultivated without a license and on which
taxes have not been paid.  Cultivation or possession of more than a
personal use quantity of such cannabis is prohibited.

  +{NEW SECTION.}+ Sec.  An owner of a parcel of real estate may allow
other persons over the age of eighteen to cultivate up to twenty plants on
the property if the owner obtains, and retains for inspection by
officials, an acknowledged affidavit less than one year old reciting the
address or legal description of the property, claiming ownership of up to
twenty cannabis plants on the property, denying ownership of any other
cannabis plants, signed and dated by the cultivator, and stating the
cultivator's full legal name, address, and date of birth.

  +{NEW SECTION.}+ Sec.  The fees for a license under section 3 of
this act is fifty dollars.

  +{NEW SECTION.}+ Sec.  A new section is added to chapter 82.04 RCW
to read as follows:
  (1) A tax is assessed on the importation or production for sale of
pharmacoactive cannabis at the rate of ten percent of the retail price.
  (2) Chapter 69.-- RCW (sections 1 through 7 and 9 through 23 of
this act) applies to this section.

  +{NEW SECTION.}+ Sec.  Sellers of pharmacoactive cannabis shall
place a label indicating that the tax under section 8 of this act has been
paid on each package of pharmacoactive cannabis, or pay the tax before
possession may be transferred to another.  Labels to indicate that the tax
has been paid shall be provided by the board.

  +{NEW SECTION.}+ Sec.  Possession of more than a personal use
quantity of pharmacoactive cannabis on which the tax under section 8 of
this act has not been paid creates a presumption of selling or offering
for sale, which is prohibited without a license.

  +{NEW SECTION.}+ Sec.  There shall be a board, known as the
"cannabis control board," consisting of five members nominated by a
citizen advisory panel, to be appointed by the governor, with the consent
of the senate, who shall each be paid an annual salary to be fixed by the
governor in accordance with RCW 43.03.040.  The governor may, in his or
her discretion, appoint one of the members as chair of the board, and a
majority of the members shall constitute a quorum of the board.

  +{NEW SECTION.}+ Sec.  (1) The members of the board to be appointed
after the effective date of this act shall be appointed for terms
beginning on the effective date of this act, and expiring as follows:
Three members of the board for a term of three years from the effective
date of this act; and two members of the board for a term of four years
from the effective date of this act.  A member of the board appointed
under this section shall hold office until the member's successor is
appointed and qualified.  There is a limit of two terms for any one
member, whether consecutive or not.  In case of a vacancy, it shall be
filled by appointment by the governor for the unexpired portion of the
term in which the vacancy occurs.  A vacancy in the membership of the
board does not impair the right of the remaining member or members to act,
except as otherwise provided in this chapter.
  (2) The principal office of the board shall be at the state capitol,
 and it may establish such other offices as it deems necessary.
  (3) A member of the board may be removed for inefficiency,
malfeasance, or misfeasance in office, upon specific written charges filed
by the governor, who shall transmit the written charges to the member
accused and to the chief justice of the supreme court.  The chief justice
shall, upon the charges, designate a tribunal composed of three judges of
the superior court to hear and adjudicate the charges.  The tribunal shall
fix the time of the hearing, which must be public, and the procedure for
the hearing, and the decision of the tribunal is final.  Removal of a
member of the board by the tribunal disqualifies the member for
reappointment.
  (4) A member of the board shall devote his or her entire time to
the duties of his or her office and a member of the board may not hold
another public office.  Before entering upon the duties of office, a
member of the board shall enter into a surety bond executed by a surety
company authorized to do business in this state, payable to the state of
Washington, to be approved by the governor in the penal sum of fifty
thousand dollars conditioned upon the faithful performance of the member's
duties, and shall take and subscribe to the oath of office prescribed for
elective state officers, which oath and bond shall be filed with the
secretary of state.  The board shall pay the premium for the bond.

  +{NEW SECTION.}+ Sec.  The board may employ the number of employees
as in its judgment are required.

  +{NEW SECTION.}+ Sec.  The attorney general shall be the general
counsel of the board and shall institute and prosecute all actions and
proceedings necessary in the enforcement and carrying out of the
provisions of this chapter and section 8 of this act.
  The attorney general shall assign assistants necessary to the
exclusive duty of assisting the board in the enforcement of this chapter
and section 8 of this act.

  +{NEW SECTION.}+ Sec.  The state auditor shall audit the books,
records, and affairs of the board annually.  The board may provide for
additional audits by certified public accountants.  The audits under this
section are public records of the state.  The payment of the audits
provided for in this section shall be paid as provided in section 16 of
this act for other administrative expenses.
  +{NEW SECTION.}+ Sec.  All administrative expenses of the board
incurred on and after the effective date of this act shall be appropriated
and paid from the general fund.  These administrative expenses include,
but are not limited to:  The salaries and expenses of the board and its
employees, the cost of legal services, annual or other audits, and other
general costs of conducting the business of the board.

  +{NEW SECTION.}+ Sec.  The board shall, from time to time, make
reports to the governor covering matters in connection with the
administration and enforcement of this chapter and section 8 of this act
as the governor may require, and, subject to RCW 40.07.040, the board
shall prepare and forward to the governor biennially, to be laid before
the legislature, a report for the fiscal period containing:
  (1) A financial statement and balance sheet showing in general the
condition of the business and its operation during the year;
  (2) A summary of all prosecutions for infractions and the results
of the prosecutions;
  (3) General information and remarks; and
  (4) Any further information requested by the governor.

  +{NEW SECTION.}+ Sec.  The administration of this chapter and
section 8 of this act is under the board, and it shall adopt rules to
administer this act.  The board may not restrict the number of licenses
granted.

  +{NEW SECTION.}+ Sec.  State agencies shall refrain from enforcing
any provision of United States criminal law not consistent with the
purposes of this act, to avoid a waste of resources.

  +{NEW SECTION.}+ Sec.  All persons convicted, past and present, in
the state of Washington based solely on use, possession, or sale of
marijuana, as a result of conviction after trial or by plea bargain with
no other crime charged, shall be released and their civil rights restored.

  +{NEW SECTION.}+ Sec.  (1) Twenty-five percent of tax revenues
raised under section 8 of this act shall be reserved to subsidize job
retraining programs for unemployed Washington state residents with
financial need.  The board shall select worthy private and state-run
programs to receive these funds.
  (2) Twenty-five percent of the tax revenues raised under section 8
of this act shall be reserved to subsidize drug treatment programs.  The
board shall select worthy private and state-run programs to receive these
funds.
  (3) The balance of the tax revenues raised under section 8 of this
act shall be deposited in the general fund.

  +{NEW SECTION.}+ Sec.  If, within one hundred twenty days of the
effective date of this act, the board has not yet begun issuing licenses
to cultivate cannabis, any person eighteen years of age or older may
commence the cultivation upon delivery to the department of agriculture a
sworn notarized statement with the name, address, and date of birth of the
applicant and the address or legal description of the property to be used
for the cultivation.

  +{NEW SECTION.}+ Sec.  The following penalties apply to this chapter
and section 8 of this act:
  (1) For unauthorized selling or giving pharmacoactive cannabis to a
minor in violation of section 2(1) of this act:  Imprisonment for a term
of up to one hundred eighty days and a fine of up to five thousand
dollars.
  (2) For cultivating or possessing more than a personal use quantity
of pharmacoactive cannabis without a license in violation of section 5 of
this act:  Imprisonment in a state correctional facility for a term of up
to ninety days and a fine of up to two thousand five hundred dollars.
  (3) For cultivation, possession, or use of pharmacoactive cannabis
by a person under eighteen years of age in violation of section 2(1) of
this act:  A misdemeanor and a fine of up to five hundred dollars.

  Sec.  RCW 10.31.100 and 1993 c 209 s 1 and 1993 c 128 s 5 are each

---
 * Origin: COBRUS - Usenet-to-Fidonet Distribution System (1:2613/335.0)

 [25]  USENET DRUGS (1:375/48)  TALK.POLITICS.DRUGS 
 Msg  : #2765 [100]                                                             
 From : Tom Rohan                           1:2613/335      Sat 19 Mar 94 13:12 
 To   : All                                                                     
 Subj : Pt 2/6: Washington State Marijuana Initiative (Full Text of)            

reenacted and amended to read as follows:
  A police officer having probable cause to believe that a person
has committed or is committing a felony shall have the authority to arrest
the person without a warrant.  A police officer may arrest a person
without a warrant for committing a misdemeanor or gross misdemeanor only
when the offense is committed in the presence of the officer, except as
provided in subsections (1) through (10) of this section.
  (1) Any police officer having probable cause to believe that a
person has committed or is committing a misdemeanor or gross misdemeanor,
involving physical harm or threats of harm to any person or property or
the unlawful taking of property or involving the illegal use or possession
of cannabis by a person under the age of eighteen years, or involving the
acquisition, possession, or consumption of alcohol by a person under the
age of twenty- one years under RCW 66.44.270 shall have the authority to
arrest the person.
  (2) A police officer shall arrest and take into custody, pending
release on bail, personal recognizance, or court order, a person without a
warrant when the officer has probable cause to believe that:
  (a) An order has been issued of which the person has knowledge
under RCW 10.99.040(2), 10.99.050, 26.09.060, 26.44.063, chapter 26.26
RCW, or chapter 26.50 RCW restraining the person and the person has
violated the terms of the order restraining the person from acts or
threats of violence or excluding the person from a residence or, in the
case of an order issued under RCW 26.44.063, imposing any other
restrictions or conditions upon the person; or
  (b) The person is eighteen years or older and within the preceding
four hours has assaulted that person's spouse, former spouse, or a person
eighteen years or older with whom the person resides or has formerly
resided and the officer believes:  (i) A felonious assault has occurred;
(ii) an assault has occurred which has resulted in bodily injury to the
victim, whether the injury is observable by the responding officer or not;
or (iii) that any physical action has occurred which was intended to cause
another person reasonably to fear imminent serious bodily injury or death.
Bodily injury means physical pain, illness, or an impairment of physical
condition.  When the officer has probable cause to believe that spouses,
former spouses, or other persons who reside together or formerly resided
together have assaulted each other, the officer is not required to arrest
both persons.  The officer shall arrest the person whom the officer
believes to be the primary physical aggressor.  In making this
determination, the officer shall make every reasonable effort to consider:
(i) The intent to protect victims of domestic violence under RCW
10.99.010; (ii) the comparative extent of injuries inflicted or serious
threats creating fear of physical injury; and (iii) the history of
domestic violence between the persons involved.
  (3) Any police officer having probable cause to believe that a
person has committed or is committing a violation of any of the following
traffic laws shall have the authority to arrest the person:
  (a) RCW 46.52.010, relating to duty on striking an unattended car
or other property;
  (b) RCW 46.52.020, relating to duty in case of injury to or death
of a person or damage to an attended vehicle;
  (c) RCW 46.61.500 or 46.61.530, relating to reckless driving or
racing of vehicles;
  (d) RCW 46.61.502 or 46.61.504, relating to persons under the
influence of intoxicating liquor or drugs;
  (e) RCW 46.20.342, relating to driving a motor vehicle while
operator's license is suspended or revoked;
  (f) RCW 46.61.525, relating to operating a motor vehicle in a
negligent manner.
  (4) A law enforcement officer investigating at the scene of a motor
vehicle accident may arrest the driver of a motor vehicle involved in the
accident if the officer has probable cause to believe that the driver has
committed in connection with the accident a violation of any traffic law
or regulation.
  (5) Any police officer having probable cause to believe that a
person has committed or is committing a violation of RCW -{((88.12.100))}-
+{88.12.025}+ shall have the authority to arrest the person.
  (6) An officer may act upon the request of a law enforcement
officer in whose presence a traffic infraction was committed, to stop,
detain, arrest, or issue a notice of traffic infraction to the driver who
is believed to have committed the infraction.  The request by the
witnessing officer shall give an officer the authority to take appropriate
action under the laws of the state of Washington.
  (7) Any police officer having probable cause to believe that a
person has committed or is committing any act of indecent exposure, as
defined in RCW 9A.88.010, may arrest the person.
  (8) A police officer may arrest and take into custody, pending
release on bail, personal recognizance, or court order, a person without a
warrant when the officer has probable cause to believe that an order has
been issued of which the person has knowledge under chapter 10.14 RCW and
the person has violated the terms of that order.
  (9) Any police officer having probable cause to believe that a
person has, within twenty-four hours of the alleged violation, committed a
violation of RCW 9A.50.020 may arrest such person.
  (10) A police officer having probable cause to believe that a
person illegally possesses or illegally has possessed a firearm or other
dangerous weapon on private or public elementary or secondary school
premises shall have the authority to arrest the person.
  For purposes of this subsection, the term "firearm" has the
meaning defined in RCW 9.41.010 and the term "dangerous weapon" has the
meaning defined in RCW 9.41.250 and 9.41.280(1) (c) through (e).
  (11) Except as specifically provided in subsections (2), (3), (4),
and (6) of this section, nothing in this section extends or otherwise
affects the powers of arrest prescribed in Title 46 RCW.
  (12) No police officer may be held criminally or civilly liable for
making an arrest pursuant to RCW 10.31.100 (2) or (8) if the police
officer acts in good faith and without malice.

  Sec.  RCW 69.50.101 and 1993 c 187 s 1 are each amended to read as
follows:
  Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, definitions of
terms shall be as indicated where used in this chapter:
  (a) "Administer" means to apply a controlled substance, whether by
injection, inhalation, ingestion, or any other means, directly to the body
of a patient or research subject by:
  (1) a practitioner authorized to prescribe (or, by the
practitioner's authorized agent); or
  (2) the patient or research subject at the direction and in the
presence of the practitioner.
  (b) "Agent" means an authorized person who acts on behalf of or at
the direction of a manufacturer, distributor, or dispenser.  It does not
include a common or contract carrier, public warehouseperson, or employee
of the carrier or warehouseperson.
  (c) "Board" means the state board of pharmacy.
  (d) "Controlled substance" means a drug, substance, or immediate
precursor included in Schedules I through V as set forth in federal or
state laws, or federal or board rules.  +{"Controlled substance" does not
include cannabis or its derivatives.}+
  (e)(1) "Controlled substance analog" means a substance the chemical
structure of which is substantially similar to the chemical structure of a
controlled substance in Schedule I or II and:
  (i) that has a stimulant, depressant, or hallucinogenic effect on
the central nervous system substantially similar to the stimulant,
depressant, or hallucinogenic effect on the central nervous system of a
controlled substance included in Schedule I or II; or
  (ii) with respect to a particular individual, that the individual
represents or intends to have a stimulant, depressant, or hallucinogenic
effect on the central nervous system substantially similar to the
stimulant, depressant, or hallucinogenic effect on the central nervous
system of a controlled substance included in Schedule I or II.
  (2) The term does not include:
  (i) a controlled substance;
  (ii) a substance for which there is an approved new drug
application;
  (iii) a substance with respect to which an exemption is in effect
for investigational use by a particular person under Section 505 of the
federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, 21 U.S.C. Sec. 355, to the extent
conduct with respect to the substance is pursuant to the exemption; or
  (iv) any substance to the extent not intended for human consumption
before an exemption takes effect with respect to the substance.
  (f) "Deliver" or "delivery," means the actual or constructive
transfer from one person to another of a substance, whether or not there
is an agency relationship.
  (g) "Department" means the department of health.
  (h) "Dispense" means the interpretation of a prescription or order
for a controlled substance and, pursuant to that prescription or order,
the proper selection, measuring, compounding, labeling, or packaging
necessary to prepare that prescription or order for delivery.
  (i) "Dispenser" means a practitioner who dispenses.
  (j) "Distribute" means to deliver other than by administering or
dispensing a controlled substance.
  (k) "Distributor" means a person who distributes.
  (l) "Drug" means (1) a controlled substance recognized as a drug in
the official United States pharmacopoeia/national formulary or the
official homeopathic pharmacopoeia of the United States, or any supplement
to them;  (2) controlled substances intended for use in the diagnosis,
cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease in individuals or
animals; (3) controlled substances (other than food) intended to affect
the structure or any function of the body of individuals or animals; and
(4) controlled substances intended for use as a component of any article
specified in (1), (2), or (3) of this subsection.  The term does not
include devices or their components, parts, or accessories.
  (m) "Drug enforcement administration" means the drug enforcement
administration in the United States Department of Justice, or its
successor agency.
  (n) "Immediate precursor" means a substance:
  (1) that the state board of pharmacy has found to be and by rule
designates as being the principal compound commonly used, or produced
primarily for use, in the manufacture of a controlled substance;
  (2) that is an immediate chemical intermediary used or likely to be
used in the manufacture of a controlled substance; and
  (3) the control of which is necessary to prevent, curtail, or limit
the manufacture of the controlled substance.
  (o) "Isomer" means an optical isomer, but in RCW 69.50.101(r)(5),
69.50.204(a) (12) and (34), and 69.50.206(a)(4), the term includes any
geometrical isomer; in RCW 69.50.204(a) (8) and (42), and 69.50.210(c) the
term includes any positional isomer; and in RCW 69.50.204(a)(35),
69.50.204(c), and 69.50.208(a) the term includes any positional or
geometric isomer.
  (p) "Manufacture" means the production, preparation, propagation,
compounding, conversion, or processing of a controlled substance, either
directly or indirectly or by extraction from substances of natural origin,
or independently by means of chemical synthesis, or by a combination of
extraction and chemical synthesis, and includes any packaging or
repackaging of the substance or labeling or relabeling of its container.
The term does not include the preparation, compounding, packaging,
repackaging, labeling, or relabeling of a controlled substance:
  (1) by a practitioner as an incident to the practitioner's
administering or dispensing of a controlled substance in the course of the
practitioner's professional practice; or
  (2) by a practitioner, or by the practitioner's authorized agent
under the practitioner's supervision, for the purpose of, or as an
incident to, research, teaching, or chemical analysis and not for sale.
  (q) "Marijuana" or "marihuana" means all parts of the plant
Cannabis, whether growing or not; the seeds thereof; the resin extracted
from any part of the plant; and every compound, manufacture, salt,
derivative, mixture, or preparation of the plant, its seeds or resin.  The
term does not include the mature stalks of the plant, fiber produced from
the stalks, oil or cake made from the seeds of the plant, any other
compound, manufacture, salt, derivative, mixture, or preparation of the
mature stalks (except the resin extracted therefrom), fiber, oil, or cake,
or the sterilized seed of the plant which is incapable of germination.
  (r) "Narcotic drug" means any of the following, whether produced
directly or indirectly by extraction from substances of vegetable origin,
or independently by means of chemical synthesis, or by a combination of
extraction and chemical synthesis:
  (1) Opium, opium derivative, and any derivative of opium or opium
derivative, including their salts, isomers, and salts of isomers, whenever
the existence of the salts, isomers, and salts of isomers is possible
within the specific chemical designation.  The term does not include the
isoquinoline alkaloids of opium.
  (2) Synthetic opiate and any derivative of synthetic opiate,
including their isomers, esters, ethers, salts, and salts of isomers,
esters, and ethers, whenever the existence of the isomers, esters, ethers,
and salts is possible within the specific chemical designation.
  (3) Poppy straw and concentrate of poppy straw.
  (4) Coca leaves, except coca leaves and extracts of coca leaves
from which cocaine, ecgonine, and derivatives or ecgonine or their salts
have been removed.
  (5) Cocaine, or any salt, isomer, or salt of isomer thereof.
  (6) Cocaine base.
  (7) Ecgonine, or any derivative, salt, isomer, or salt of isomer
thereof.
  (8) Any compound, mixture, or preparation containing any quantity
of any substance referred to in subparagraphs (1) through (7).
  (s) "Opiate" means any substance having an addiction-forming or

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 * Origin: COBRUS - Usenet-to-Fidonet Distribution System (1:2613/335.0)

 [25]  USENET DRUGS (1:375/48)  TALK.POLITICS.DRUGS 
 Msg  : #2766 [100]                                                             
 From : Tom Rohan                           1:2613/335      Sat 19 Mar 94 13:12 
 To   : All                                                                     
 Subj : Pt 3/6: Washington State Marijuana Initiative (Full Text of)            

addiction-sustaining liability similar to morphine or being capable of
conversion into a drug having addiction-forming or addiction-sustaining
liability.  The term includes opium, substances derived from opium (opium
derivatives), and synthetic opiates.  The term does not include, unless
specifically designated as controlled under RCW 69.50.201, the
dextrorotatory isomer of 3-methoxy-n-methylmorphinan and its salts
(dextromethorphan).  The term includes the racemic and levorotatory forms
of dextromethorphan.
  (t) "Opium poppy" means the plant of the species Papaver somniferum
L., except its seeds.
  (u) "Person" means individual, corporation, business trust, estate,
trust, partnership, association, joint venture, government, governmental
subdivision or agency, or any other legal or commercial entity.
  (v) "Poppy straw" means all parts, except the seeds, of the opium
poppy, after mowing.
  (w) "Practitioner" means:
  (1) A physician under chapter 18.71 RCW, a physician assistant
under chapter 18.71A RCW, an osteopathic physician and surgeon under
chapter 18.57 RCW, a dentist under chapter 18.32 RCW, a podiatric
physician and surgeon under chapter 18.22 RCW, a veterinarian under
chapter 18.92 RCW, a registered nurse under chapter 18.88 RCW, a licensed
practical nurse under chapter 18.78 RCW, a pharmacist under chapter 18.64
RCW or a scientific investigator under this chapter, licensed, registered
or otherwise permitted insofar as is consistent with those licensing laws
to distribute, dispense, conduct research with respect to or administer a
controlled substance in the course of their professional practice or
research in this state.
  (2) A pharmacy, hospital or other institution licensed, registered,
or otherwise permitted to distribute, dispense, conduct research with
respect to or to administer a controlled substance in the course of
professional practice or research in this state.
  (3) A physician licensed to practice medicine and surgery, a
physician licensed to practice osteopathy and surgery, a dentist licensed
to practice dentistry, a podiatric physician and surgeon licensed to
practice podiatric medicine and surgery, or a veterinarian licensed to
practice veterinary medicine in any state of the United States.
  (x) "Prescription" means an order for controlled substances issued
by a practitioner duly authorized by law or rule in the state of
Washington to prescribe controlled substances within the scope of his or
her professional practice for a legitimate medical purpose.
  (y) "Production" includes the manufacturing, planting, cultivating,
growing, or harvesting of a controlled substance.
  (z) "Secretary" means the secretary of health or the secretary's
designee.
  (aa) "State," unless the context otherwise requires, means a state
of the United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto
Rico, or a territory or insular possession subject to the jurisdiction of
the United States.
  (bb) "Ultimate user" means an individual who lawfully possesses a
controlled substance for the individual's own use or for the use of a
member of the individual's household or for administering to an animal
owned by the individual or by a member of the individual's household.

  Sec.  RCW 69.50.102 and 1981 c 48 s 1 are each amended to read as
follows:
  (a) As used in this chapter, "drug paraphernalia" means all
equipment, products, and materials of any kind which are used, intended
for use, or designed for use in planting, propagating, cultivating,
growing, harvesting, manufacturing, compounding, converting, producing,
processing, preparing, testing, analyzing, packaging, repackaging,
storing, containing, concealing, injecting, ingesting, inhaling, or
otherwise introducing into the human body a controlled substance.
-{((It))}- +{Drug paraphernalia}+ includes, but is not limited to:
  (1) Kits used, intended for use, or designed for use in planting,
propagating, cultivating, growing, or harvesting of any species of plant
which is a controlled substance or from which a controlled substance can
be derived;
  (2) Kits used, intended for use, or designed for use in
manufacturing, compounding, converting, producing, processing, or
preparing controlled substances;
  (3) Isomerization devices used, intended for use, or designed for
use in increasing the potency of any species of plant which is a
controlled substance;
  (4) Testing equipment used, intended for use, or designed for use
in identifying or in analyzing the strength, effectiveness, or purity of
controlled substances;
  (5) Scales and balances used, intended for use, or designed for use
in weighing or measuring controlled substances;
  (6) Diluents and adulterants, such as quinine hydrochloride,
mannitol, mannite, dextrose, and lactose, used, intended for use, or
designed for use in cutting controlled substances;
  (7) Separation gins and sifters used, intended for use, or designed
for use in removing twigs and seeds from, or in otherwise cleaning or
refining - {((, marihuana))}- +{a controlled substance}+ ;
  (8) Blenders, bowls, containers, spoons, and mixing devices used,
intended for use, or designed for use in compounding controlled
substances;
  (9) Capsules, balloons, envelopes, and other containers used,
intended for use, or designed for use in packaging small quantities of
controlled substances;
  (10) Containers and other objects used, intended for use, or
designed for use in storing or concealing controlled substances;
  (11) Hypodermic syringes, needles, and other objects used, intended
for use, or designed for use in parenterally injecting controlled
substances into the human body;
  (12) Objects used, intended for use, or designed for use in
ingesting, inhaling, or otherwise introducing -{((marihuana,))}- cocaine
-{((, hashish, or hashish oil))}- into the human body, such as:
  (i) Metal, wooden, acrylic, glass, stone, plastic, or ceramic pipes
with or without screens, permanent screens, -{((hashish heads,))}- or
punctured metal bowls;
  (ii) -{((Water pipes;
  (iii)))}- Carburetion tubes and devices;
  -{(((iv)))}- +{(iii)}+ Smoking and carburetion masks;
  -{(((v) Roach clips:  Meaning objects used to hold burning material,
such as a marihuana cigarette, that has become too small or too short to
be held in the hand;
  (vi)))}- +{(iv)}+ Miniature cocaine spoons -{((,))}- and cocaine
vials;
  -{(((vii) Chamber pipes;
  (viii)))}- +{(v)}+ Carburetor pipes;
  -{(((ix)))}- +{(vi)}+ Electric pipes;
  -{(((x)))}- +{(vii)}+ Air-driven pipes;
  -{(((xi) Chillums;
  (xii) Bongs;))}- and
  -{(((xiii)))}- +{(viii)}+ Ice pipes or chillers.
  (b) +{"Drug paraphernalia" does not include equipment and
accessories used by persons for cannabis use, growth, production,
transportation, or sale.
  (c)}+ In determining whether an object is drug paraphernalia under
this section, a court or other authority should consider, in addition to
all other logically relevant factors, the following:
  (1) Statements by an owner or by anyone in control of the object
concerning its use;
  (2) Prior convictions, if any, of an owner, or of anyone in control
of the object, under any state or federal law relating to any controlled
substance;
  (3) The proximity of the object, in time and space, to a direct
violation of this chapter;
  (4) The proximity of the object to controlled substances;
  (5) The existence of any residue of controlled substances on the
object;
  (6) Direct or circumstantial evidence of the intent of an owner, or
of anyone in control of the object, to deliver it to persons whom he
knows, or should reasonably know, intend to use the object to facilitate a
violation of this chapter; the innocence of an owner, or of anyone in
control of the object, as to a direct violation of this chapter shall not
prevent a finding that the object is intended or designed for use as drug
paraphernalia;
  (7) Instructions, oral or written, provided with the object
concerning its use;
  (8) Descriptive materials accompanying the object which explain or
depict its use;
  (9) National and local advertising concerning its use;
  (10) The manner in which the object is displayed for sale;
  (11) Whether the owner, or anyone in control of the object, is a
legitimate supplier of like or related items to the community, such as a
licensed distributor or dealer of tobacco products;
  (12) Direct or circumstantial evidence of the ratio of sales of the
object(s) to the total sales of the business enterprise;
  (13) The existence and scope of legitimate uses for the object in
the community; and
  (14) Expert testimony concerning its use.

  Sec.  RCW 69.50.204 and 1993 c 187 s 4 are each amended to read as
follows:
  Unless specifically excepted by state or federal law or regulation
or more specifically included in another schedule, the following
controlled substances are listed in Schedule I:
  (a) Any of the following opiates, including their isomers, esters,
ethers, salts, and salts of isomers, esters, and ethers whenever the
existence of these isomers, esters, ethers, and salts is possible within
the specific chemical designation:
  (1) Acetyl-alpha-methylfentanyl (N-[1-(1-methyl-2-phenethyl)-4-
piperidinyl]-N-phenylacetamide);
  (2) Acetylmethadol;
  (3) Allylprodine;
  (4) Alphacetylmethadol;
  (5) Alphameprodine;
  (6) Alphamethadol;
  (7) Alpha-methylfentanyl (N-[1-(alpha-methyl-beta-phenyl) ethyl-4-
piperidyl] propionanilide); (1-(1-methyl-2-phenylethyl)-4-(N-propanilido)
piperidine);
  (8) Alpha-methylthiofentanyl (N-[1-methyl-2-(2-thienyl)ethyl-4-
piperidinyl]-N-phenylpropanamide);
  (9) Benzethidine;
  (10) Betacetylmethadol;
  (11) Beta-hydroxyfentanyl (N-[1-(2-hydroxy-2-phenethyl)-4-
piperidinyl]-N-phenylpropanamide);
  (12) Beta-hydroxy-3-methylfentanyl some trade or other names:
N-[1- (2-hydrox-2-phenethyl)-3-methyl-4-piperidinyl]-N-phenylpropanamide;
  (13) Betameprodine;
  (14) Betamethadol;
  (15) Betaprodine;
  (16) Clonitazene;
  (17) Dextromoramide;
  (18) Diampromide;
  (19) Diethylthiambutene;
  (20) Difenoxin;
  (21) Dimenoxadol;
  (22) Dimepheptanol;
  (23) Dimethylthiambutene;
  (24) Dioxaphetyl butyrate;
  (25) Dipipanone;
  (26) Ethylmethylthiambutene;
  (27) Etonitazene;
  (28) Etoxeridine;
  (29) Furethidine;
  (30) Hydroxypethidine;
  (31) Ketobemidone;
  (32) Levomoramide;
  (33) Levophenacylmorphan;
  (34) 3-Methylfentanyl
(N-[3-methyl-1-(2-phenylethyl)-4-piperidyl]-N- phenylprop anamide);
  (35) 3-Methylthiofentanyl (N-[(3-methyl-1-(2-thienyl)ethyl-4-
piperidinyl]-N-phenylpropanamide;
  (36) Morpheridine;
  (37) MPPP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-4-propionoxypiperidine);
  (38) Noracymethadol;
  (39) Norlevorphanol;
  (40) Normethadone;
  (41) Norpipanone;
  (42) Para-fluorofentanyl (N-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-[1-(2-phenethyl)-4-
piperidinyl] propanamide);
  (43) PEPAP(1-(-2-phenethyl)-4-phenyl-4-acetoxypiperidine);
  (44) Phenadoxone;
  (45) Phenampromide;
  (46) Phenomorphan;
  (47) Phenoperidine;
  (48) Piritramide;
  (49) Proheptazine;
  (50) Properidine;
  (51) Propiram;
  (52) Racemoramide;
  (53) Thiofentanyl (N-phenyl-N-[1-(2-thienyl)ethyl-4-piperidinyl]-
propanaminde);
  (54) Tilidine;
  (55) Trimeperidine.
  (b) Opium derivatives.  Unless specifically excepted or unless
listed in another schedule, any of the following opium derivatives,
including their salts, isomers, and salts of isomers whenever the
existence of those salts, isomers, and salts of isomers is possible within
the specific chemical designation:
  (1) Acetorphine;
  (2) Acetyldihydrocodeine;
  (3) Benzylmorphine;
  (4) Codeine methylbromide;
  (5) Codeine-N-Oxide;
  (6) Cyprenorphine;
  (7) Desomorphine;
  (8) 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-ethylamphetamine some trade or other
names:  N-ethyl-alpha-methyl-3,4(methylenedioxy)phenthylamine, N-ethyl
MDA, MDE, MDEA;
  (9) N-hydroxy-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine some trade or other
names:  N-hydroxy-alpha-methyl-3,4(methylenedioxy)phenethylamine, and
N-hydroxy MDA;
  (10) Dihydromorphine;
  (11) Drotebanol;
  (12) Etorphine, except hydrochloride salt;
  (13) Heroin;
  (14) Hydromorphinol;
  (15) Methyldesorphine;
  (16) Methyldihydromorphine;
  (17) Morphine methylbromide;
  (18) Morphine methylsulfonate;
  (19) Morphine-N-Oxide;
  (20) Myrophine;
  (21) Nicocodeine;
  (22) Nicomorphine;
  (23) Normorphine;
  (24) Pholcodine;
  (25) Thebacon.
  (c) Hallucinogenic substances.  Unless specifically excepted or
unless listed in another schedule, any material, compound, mixture, or
preparation which contains any quantity of the following hallucinogenic
substances, including their salts, isomers, and salts of isomers whenever
the existence of those salts, isomers, and salts of isomers is possible
within the specific chemical designation.
  (1) 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxy-amphetamine:  Some trade or other names:
4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxy-a-methylphenethylamine; 4-bromo-2,5-DMA;
  (2) 2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine:  Some trade or other names:  2,5-
dimethoxy-a-methylphenethylamine; 2,5-DMA;
  (3) 4-methoxyamphetamine:  Some trade or other names:  4-methoxy-a-
methylphenethylamine; paramethoxyamphetamine, PMA;
  (4) 5-methoxy-3,4-methylenedioxy-amphetamine;
  (5) 4-methyl-2,5-dimethoxy-amphetamine:  Some trade and other
names:  4-methyl-2,5-dimethoxy-a-methylphenethylamine; "DOM"; and "STP";
  (6) 3,4-methylenedioxy amphetamine;
  (7) 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA);
  (8) 3,4,5-trimethoxy amphetamine;
  (9) Bufotenine:  Some trade or other names:  3-(beta-
Dimethylaminoethyl)-5-hydroxindole; 3-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-5-indolol;
N, N-dimethylserotonin; 5-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine; mappine;
  (10) Diethyltryptamine:  Some trade or other names:  N,N-
Diethyltryptamine; DET;
  (11) Dimethyltryptamine:  Some trade or other names:  DMT;
  (12) Ibogaine:  Some trade or other names:  7-Ethyl-6,6
beta,7,8,9,10,12,13,-octahydro-2-methoxy-6,9-methano-5H-pyndo (1',2' 1,2)
azepino (5,4-b) indole; Tabernanthe iboga;
  (13) Lysergic acid diethylamide;
  (14) -{((Marihuana or marijuana;
  (15)))}- Mescaline;
  -{(((16)))}- +{(15)}+ Parahexyl-7374:  Some trade or other names:  3-
Hexyl-1-hydroxy-7, 8, 9, 10-tetrahydro-6, 6, 9-trimethyl-6H-
dibenzo[b,d]pyran; synhexyl;

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 * Origin: COBRUS - Usenet-to-Fidonet Distribution System (1:2613/335.0)

 [25]  USENET DRUGS (1:375/48)  TALK.POLITICS.DRUGS 
 Msg  : #2767 [100]                                                             
 From : Tom Rohan                           1:2613/335      Sat 19 Mar 94 13:12 
 To   : All                                                                     
 Subj : Pt 4/6: Washington State Marijuana Initiative (Full Text of)            

  -{(((17)))}- +{(16)}+ Peyote, meaning all parts of the plant presently
classified botanically as Lophophora Williamsii Lemaire, whether growing
or not, the seeds thereof, any extract from any part of such plant, and
every compound, manufacture, salts, derivative, mixture, or preparation of
such plant, its seeds, or extracts; (interprets 21 U.S.C. Sec. 812 (c),
Schedule I (c)(12));
  -{(((18)))}- +{(17)}+ N-ethyl-3-piperidyl benzilate;
  -{(((19)))}- +{(18)}+ N-methyl-3-piperidyl benzilate;
  -{(((20)))}- +{(19)}+ Psilocybin;
  -{(((21)))}- +{(20)}+ Psilocyn;
  -{(((22) Tetrahydrocannabinols, synthetic equivalents of the substances
contained in the plant, or in the resinous extractives of Cannabis,
species, and/or synthetic substances, derivatives, and their isomers with
similar chemical structure and pharmacological activity such as the
following:
  (i) Delta 1 - cis - or trans tetrahydrocannabinol, and their
optical isomers, excluding tetrahydrocannabinol in sesame oil and
encapsulated in a soft gelatin capsule in a drug product approved by the
United States Food and Drug Administration;
  (ii) Delta 6 - cis - or trans tetrahydrocannabinol, and their
optical isomers;
  (iii) Delta 3,4 - cis - or trans tetrahydrocannabinol, and its
optical isomers; (Since nomenclature of these substances is not
internationally standardized, compounds of these structures, regardless of
numerical designation of atomic positions covered.)
  (23)))}- +{(21)}+ Ethylamine analog of phencyclidine:  Some trade
or other names:  N-ethyl-1phenylcyclohexalymine, (1-phenylcyclohexl)
ethylamine; N-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)ethylamine; cyclohexamine; PCE;
  -{(((24)))}- +{(22)}+ Pyrrolidine analog of phencyclidine:  Some trade
or other names:  1-(1-phencyclohexyl)pyrrolidine; PCPy; PHP;
  -{(((25)))}- +{(23)}+ Thiophene analog of phencyclidine:  Some trade or
other names:  1-(1-[2-thenyl]-cyclohexly)-pipendine; 2-thienylanalog of
phencyclidine; TPCP; TCP;
  -{(((26)))}- +{(24)}+ 1-[1-(2-thienyl)cyclohexyl]pyrrolidine:  A trade
or other name is TCPy.
  (d) Depressants.  Unless specifically excepted or unless listed in
another schedule, any material, compound, mixture, or preparation which
contains any quantity of the following substances having a depressant
effect on the central nervous system, including its salts, isomers, and
salts of isomers whenever the existence of such salts, isomers, and salts
of isomers is possible within the specific chemical designation.
  (1) Mecloqualone;
  (2) Methaqualone.
  (e) Stimulants.  Unless specifically excepted or unless listed in
another schedule, any material, compound, mixture, or preparation which
contains any quantity of the following substances having a stimulant
effect on the central nervous system, including its salts, isomers, and
salts of isomers:
  (1) Fenethylline;
  (2) (+-)cis-4-methylaminorex
((+-)cis-4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-5-phenyl-2- oxazolamine);
  (3) N-ethylamphetamine;
  (4) N,N-dimethylamphetamine:  Some trade or other names:  N,N-
alpha-trimethyl-benzeneethanamine; N,N-alpha-trimethylphenoethylene.
  The controlled substances in this section may be rescheduled or
deleted as provided for in RCW 69.50.201.

  Sec.  RCW 69.50.401 and 1989 c 271 s 104 are each amended to read
as follows:
  (a) Except as authorized by this chapter, it is unlawful for any
person to manufacture, deliver, or possess with intent to manufacture or
deliver, a controlled substance.
  (1) Any person who violates this subsection with respect to:
  (i) a controlled substance classified in Schedule I or II which is
a narcotic drug, is guilty of a crime and upon conviction may be
imprisoned for not more than ten years, or (A) fined not more than
twenty-five thousand dollars if the crime involved less than two kilograms
of the drug, or both such imprisonment and fine; or (B) if the crime
involved two or more kilograms of the drug, then fined not more than one
hundred thousand dollars for the first two kilograms and not more than
fifty dollars for each gram in excess of two kilograms, or both such
imprisonment and fine;
  (ii) any other controlled substance classified in Schedule I, II,
or III, is guilty of a crime and upon conviction may be imprisoned for not
more than five years, fined not more than ten thousand dollars, or both;
  (iii) a substance classified in Schedule IV, is guilty of a crime
and upon conviction may be imprisoned for not more than five years, fined
not more than ten thousand dollars, or both;
  (iv) a substance classified in Schedule V, is guilty of a crime and
upon conviction may be imprisoned for not more than five years, fined not
more than ten thousand dollars, or both.
  (b) Except as authorized by this chapter, it is unlawful for any
person to create, deliver, or possess a counterfeit substance.
  (1) Any person who violates this subsection with respect to:
  (i) a counterfeit substance classified in Schedule I or II which is
a narcotic drug, is guilty of a crime and upon conviction may be
imprisoned for not more than ten years, fined not more than twenty-five
thousand dollars, or both;
  (ii) any other counterfeit substance classified in Schedule I, II,
or III, is guilty of a crime and upon conviction may be imprisoned for not
more than five years, fined not more than ten thousand dollars, or both;
  (iii) a counterfeit substance classified in Schedule IV, is guilty
of a crime and upon conviction may be imprisoned for not more than five
years, fined not more than ten thousand dollars, or both;
  (iv) a counterfeit substance classified in Schedule V, is guilty of
a crime and upon conviction may be imprisoned for not more than five
years, fined not more than ten thousand dollars, or both.
  (c) It is unlawful, except as authorized in this chapter and
chapter 69.41 RCW, for any person to offer, arrange, or negotiate for the
sale, gift, delivery, dispensing, distribution, or administration of a
controlled substance to any person and then sell, give, deliver, dispense,
distribute, or administer to that person any other liquid, substance, or
material in lieu of such controlled substance.  Any person who violates
this subsection is guilty of a crime and upon conviction may be imprisoned
for not more than five years, fined not more than ten thousand dollars, or
both.
  (d) It is unlawful for any person to possess a controlled substance
unless the substance was obtained directly from, or pursuant to, a valid
prescription or order of a practitioner while acting in the course of his
professional practice, or except as otherwise authorized by this chapter.
Any person who violates this subsection is guilty of a crime, and upon
conviction may be imprisoned for not more than five years, fined not more
than ten thousand dollars, or both -{((, except as provided for in
subsection (e) of this section))}-.
  (e) -{((Except as provided for in subsection (a)(1)(ii) of this
section any person found guilty of possession of forty grams or less of
marihuana shall be guilty of a misdemeanor.
  (f)))}- It is unlawful to compensate, threaten, solicit, or in any
other manner involve a person under the age of eighteen years in a
transaction unlawfully to manufacture, sell, or deliver a controlled
substance.  A violation of this subsection shall be punished as a class C
felony punishable in accordance with RCW 9A.20.021.
  This section shall not apply to offenses defined and punishable
under the provisions of RCW 69.50.410.

  Sec.  RCW 69.50.505 and 1993 c 487 s 1 are each amended to read as
follows:
  (a) The following are subject to seizure and forfeiture and no
property right exists in them:
  (1) All controlled substances which have been manufactured,
distributed, dispensed, acquired, or possessed in violation of this
chapter or chapter 69.41 or 69.52 RCW, and all hazardous chemicals, as
defined in RCW 64.44.010, used or intended to be used in the manufacture
of controlled substances;
  (2) All raw materials, products, and equipment of any kind which
are used, or intended for use, in manufacturing, compounding, processing,
delivering, importing, or exporting any controlled substance in violation
of this chapter or chapter 69.41 or 69.52 RCW;
  (3) All property which is used, or intended for use, as a container
for property described in paragraphs (1) or (2);
  (4) All conveyances, including aircraft, vehicles, or vessels,
which are used, or intended for use, in any manner to facilitate the sale,
delivery, or receipt of property described in paragraphs (1) or (2),
except that:
  (i) No conveyance used by any person as a common carrier in the
transaction of business as a common carrier is subject to forfeiture under
this section unless it appears that the owner or other person in charge of
the conveyance is a consenting party or privy to a violation of this
chapter or chapter 69.41 or 69.52 RCW;
  (ii) No conveyance is subject to forfeiture under this section by
reason of any act or omission established by the owner thereof to have
been committed or omitted without the owner's knowledge or consent;
  (iii) -{((No conveyance is subject to forfeiture under this section
if used in the receipt of only an amount of marijuana for which possession
constitutes a misdemeanor under RCW 69.50.401(e);
  (iv)))}- A forfeiture of a conveyance encumbered by a bona fide
security interest is subject to the interest of the secured party if the
secured party neither had knowledge of nor consented to the act or
omission; and
  -{(((v)))}- +{(iv)}+ When the owner of a conveyance has been arrested
under this chapter or chapter 69.41 or 69.52 RCW the conveyance in which
the person is arrested may not be subject to forfeiture unless it is
seized or process is issued for its seizure within ten days of the owner's
arrest;
  (5) All books, records, and research products and materials,
including formulas, microfilm, tapes, and data which are used, or intended
for use, in violation of this chapter or chapter 69.41 or 69.52 RCW;
  (6) All drug paraphernalia;
  (7) All moneys, negotiable instruments, securities, or other
tangible or intangible property of value furnished or intended to be
furnished by any person in exchange for a controlled substance in
violation of this chapter or chapter 69.41 or 69.52 RCW, all tangible or
intangible personal property, proceeds, or assets acquired in whole or in
part with proceeds traceable to an exchange or series of exchanges in
violation of this chapter or chapter 69.41 or 69.52 RCW, and all moneys,
negotiable instruments, and securities used or intended to be used to
facilitate any violation of this chapter or chapter 69.41 or 69.52 RCW.  A
forfeiture of money, negotiable instruments, securities, or other tangible
or intangible property encumbered by a bona fide security interest is
subject to the interest of the secured party if, at the time the security
interest was created, the secured party neither had knowledge of nor
consented to the act or omission.  No personal property may be forfeited
under this paragraph, to the extent of the interest of an owner, by reason
of any act or omission which that owner establishes was committed or
omitted without the owner's knowledge or consent; and
  (8) All real property, including any right, title, and interest in
the whole of any lot or tract of land, and any appurtenances or
improvements which are being used with the knowledge of the owner for the
manufacturing, compounding, processing, delivery, importing, or exporting
of any controlled substance, or which have been acquired in whole or in
part with proceeds traceable to an exchange or series of exchanges in
violation of this chapter or chapter 69.41 or 69.52 RCW, if such activity
is not less than a class C felony and a substantial nexus exists between
the commercial production or sale of the controlled substance and the real
property.  However:
  (i) No property may be forfeited pursuant to this subsection, to
the extent of the interest of an owner, by reason of any act or omission
committed or omitted without the owner's knowledge or consent;
  (ii) The bona fide gift of a controlled substance, legend drug, or
imitation controlled substance shall not result in the forfeiture of real
property; +{and}+
  (iii) -{((The possession of marijuana shall not result in the
forfeiture of real property unless the marijuana is possessed for
commercial purposes, the amount possessed is five or more plants or one
pound or more of marijuana, and a substantial nexus exists between the
possession of marijuana and the real property.  In such a case, the intent
of the offender shall be determined by the preponderance of the evidence,
including the offender's prior criminal history, the amount of marijuana
possessed by the offender, the sophistication of the activity or equipment
used by the offender, and other evidence which demonstrates the offender's
intent to engage in commercial activity;
  (iv) The unlawful sale of marijuana or a legend drug shall not
result in the forfeiture of real property unless the sale was forty grams
or more in the case of marijuana or one hundred dollars or more in the
case of a legend drug, and a substantial nexus exists between the unlawful
sale and the real property;  and
  (v)))}- A forfeiture of real property encumbered by a bona fide
security interest is subject to the interest of the secured party if the
secured party, at the time the security interest was created, neither had
knowledge of nor consented to the act or omission.
  (b) Real or personal property subject to forfeiture under this
chapter may be seized by any board inspector or law enforcement officer of
this state upon process issued by any superior court having jurisdiction
over the property.  Seizure of real property shall include the filing of a
lis pendens by the seizing agency.  Real property seized under this
section shall not be transferred or otherwise conveyed until ninety days
after seizure or until a judgment of forfeiture is entered, whichever is

---
 * Origin: COBRUS - Usenet-to-Fidonet Distribution System (1:2613/335.0)

 [25]  USENET DRUGS (1:375/48)  TALK.POLITICS.DRUGS 
 Msg  : #2768 [100]                                                             
 From : Tom Rohan                           1:2613/335      Sat 19 Mar 94 13:12 
 To   : All                                                                     
 Subj : Pt 5/6: Washington State Marijuana Initiative (Full Text of)            

later:  PROVIDED, That real property seized under this section may be
transferred or conveyed to any person or entity who acquires title by
foreclosure or deed in lieu of foreclosure of a security interest.
Seizure of personal property without process may be made if:
  (1) The seizure is incident to an arrest or a search under a search
warrant or an inspection under an administrative inspection warrant;
  (2) The property subject to seizure has been the subject of a prior
judgment in favor of the state in a criminal injunction or forfeiture
proceeding based upon this chapter;
  (3) A board inspector or law enforcement officer has probable cause
to believe that the property is directly or indirectly dangerous to health
or safety;  or
  (4) The board inspector or law enforcement officer has probable
cause to believe that the property was used or is intended to be used in
violation of this chapter.
  (c) In the event of seizure pursuant to subsection (b), proceedings
for forfeiture shall be deemed commenced by the seizure.  The law
enforcement agency under whose authority the seizure was made shall cause
notice to be served within fifteen days following the seizure on the owner
of the property seized and the person in charge thereof and any person
having any known right or interest therein, including any community
property interest, of the seizure and intended forfeiture of the seized
property.  Service of notice of seizure of real property shall be made
according to the rules of civil procedure.  However, the state may not
obtain a default judgment with respect to real property against a party
who is served by substituted service absent an affidavit stating that a
good faith effort has been made to ascertain if the defaulted party is
incarcerated within the state, and that there is no present basis to
believe that the party is incarcerated within the state.  Notice of
seizure in the case of property subject to a security interest that has
been perfected by filing a financing statement in accordance with chapter
62A.9 RCW, or a certificate of title, shall be made by service upon the
secured party or the secured party's assignee at the address shown on the
financing statement or the certificate of title.  The notice of seizure in
other cases may be served by any method authorized by law or court rule
including but not limited to service by certified mail with return receipt
requested. Service by mail shall be deemed complete upon mailing within
the fifteen day period following the seizure.
  (d) If no person notifies the seizing law enforcement agency in
writing of the person's claim of ownership or right to possession of items
specified in subsection (a)(4), (a)(7), or (a)(8) of this section within
forty-five days of the seizure in the case of personal property and ninety
days in the case of real property, the item seized shall be deemed
forfeited.  The community property interest in real property of a person
whose spouse committed a violation giving rise to seizure of the real
property may not be forfeited if the person did not participate in the
violation.
  (e) If any person notifies the seizing law enforcement agency in
writing of the person's claim of ownership or right to possession of items
specified in subsection (a)(2), (a)(3), (a)(4), (a)(5), (a)(6), (a)(7), or
(a)(8) of this section within forty-five days of the seizure in the case
of personal property and ninety days in the case of real property, the
person or persons shall be afforded a reasonable opportunity to be heard
as to the claim or right.  The hearing shall be before the chief law
enforcement officer of the seizing agency or the chief law enforcement
officer's designee, except where the seizing agency is a state agency as
defined in RCW 34.12.020(4), the hearing shall be before the chief law
enforcement officer of the seizing agency or an administrative law judge
appointed under chapter 34.12 RCW, except that any person asserting a
claim or right may remove the matter to a court of competent jurisdiction.
Removal of any matter involving personal property may only be accomplished
according to the rules of civil procedure.  The person seeking removal of
the matter must serve process against the state, county, political
subdivision, or municipality that operates the seizing agency, and any
other party of interest, in accordance with RCW 4.28.080 or 4.92.020,
within forty-five days after the person seeking removal has notified the
seizing law enforcement agency of the person's claim of ownership or right
to possession.  The court to which the matter is to be removed shall be
the district court when the aggregate value of personal property is within
the jurisdictional limit set forth in RCW 3.66.020.  A hearing before the
seizing agency and any appeal therefrom shall be under Title 34 RCW.  In a
court hearing between two or more claimants to the article or articles
involved, the prevailing party shall be entitled to a judgment for costs
and reasonable attorney's fees.  In cases involving personal property, the
burden of producing evidence shall be upon the person claiming to be the
lawful owner or the person claiming to have the lawful right to possession
of the property.  In cases involving real property, the burden of
producing evidence shall be upon the law enforcement agency.  The burden
of proof that the seized real property is subject to forfeiture shall be
upon the law enforcement agency.  The seizing law enforcement agency shall
promptly return the article or articles to the claimant upon a
determination by the administrative law judge or court that the claimant
is the present lawful owner or is lawfully entitled to possession thereof
of items specified in subsection (a)(2), (a)(3), (a)(4), (a)(5), (a)(6),
(a)(7), or (a)(8) of this section.
  (f) When property is forfeited under this chapter the board or
seizing law enforcement agency may:
  (1) Retain it for official use or upon application by any law
enforcement agency of this state release such property to such agency for
the exclusive use of enforcing the provisions of this chapter;
  (2) Sell that which is not required to be destroyed by law and
which is not harmful to the public;
  (3) Request the appropriate sheriff or director of public safety to
take custody of the property and remove it for disposition in accordance
with law;  or
  (4) Forward it to the drug enforcement administration for
disposition.
  (g)(1) When property is forfeited, the seizing agency shall keep a
record indicating the identity of the prior owner, if known, a description
of the property, the disposition of the property, the value of the
property at the time of seizure, and the amount of proceeds realized from
disposition of the property.
  (2) Each seizing agency shall retain records of forfeited property
for at least seven years.
  (3) Each seizing agency shall file a report including a copy of the
records of forfeited property with the state treasurer each calendar
quarter.
  (4) The quarterly report need not include a record of forfeited
property that is still being held for use as evidence during the
investigation or prosecution of a case or during the appeal from a
conviction.
  (h)(1) By January 31st of each year, each seizing agency shall
remit to the state treasurer an amount equal to ten percent of the net
proceeds of any property forfeited during the preceding calendar year.
Money remitted shall be deposited in the drug enforcement and education
account under RCW 69.50.520.
  (2) The net proceeds of forfeited property is the value of the
forfeitable interest in the property after deducting the cost of
satisfying any bona fide security interest to which the property is
subject at the time of seizure; and in the case of sold property, after
deducting the cost of sale, including reasonable fees or commissions paid
to independent selling agents, and the cost of any valid landlord's claim
for damages under subsection (n) of this section.
  (3) The value of sold forfeited property is the sale price.  The
value of retained forfeited property is the fair market value of the
property at the time of seizure, determined when possible by reference to
an applicable commonly used index, such as the index used by the
department of licensing for valuation of motor vehicles.  A seizing agency
may use, but need not use, an independent qualified appraiser to determine
the value of retained property.  If an appraiser is used, the value of the
property appraised is net of the cost of the appraisal.  The value of
destroyed property and retained firearms or illegal property is zero.
  (i) Forfeited property and net proceeds not required to be paid to
the state treasurer shall be retained by the seizing law enforcement
agency exclusively for the expansion and improvement of controlled
substances related law enforcement activity.  Money retained under this
section may not be used to supplant preexisting funding sources.
  (j) Controlled substances listed in Schedule I, II, III, IV, and V
that are possessed, transferred, sold, or offered for sale in violation of
this chapter are contraband and shall be seized and summarily forfeited to
the state.  Controlled substances listed in Schedule I, II, III, IV, and
V, which are seized or come into the possession of the board, the owners
of which are unknown, are contraband and shall be summarily forfeited to
the board.
  (k) Species of plants from which controlled substances in Schedules
I and II may be derived which have been planted or cultivated in violation
of this chapter, or of which the owners or cultivators are unknown, or
which are wild growths, may be seized and summarily forfeited to the
board.
  (l) The failure, upon demand by a board inspector or law
enforcement officer, of the person in occupancy or in control of land or
premises upon which the species of plants are growing or being stored to
produce an appropriate registration or proof that he is the holder thereof
constitutes authority for the seizure and forfeiture of the plants.
  (m) Upon the entry of an order of forfeiture of real property, the
court shall forward a copy of the order to the assessor of the county in
which the property is located.  Orders for the forfeiture of real property
shall be entered by the superior court, subject to court rules.  Such an
order shall be filed by the seizing agency in the county auditor's records
in the county in which the real property is located.
  (n) A landlord may assert a claim against proceeds from the sale of
assets seized and forfeited under subsection (f)(2) of this section, only
if:
  (l) A law enforcement officer, while acting in his or her official
capacity, directly caused damage to the complaining landlord's property
while executing a search of a tenant's residence; and
  (2) The landlord has applied any funds remaining in the tenant's
deposit, to which the landlord has a right under chapter 59.18 RCW, to
cover the damage directly caused by a law enforcement officer prior to
asserting a claim under the provisions of this section;
  (i) Only if the funds applied under (2) of this subsection are
insufficient to satisfy the damage directly caused by a law enforcement
officer, may the landlord seek compensation for the damage by filing a
claim against the governmental entity under whose authority the law
enforcement agency operates within thirty days after the search;
  (ii) Only if the governmental entity denies or fails to respond to
the landlord's claim within sixty days of the date of filing, may the
landlord collect damages under this subsection by filing within thirty
days of denial or the expiration of the sixty-day period, whichever occurs
first, a claim with the seizing law enforcement agency.  The seizing law
enforcement agency must notify the landlord of the status of the claim by
the end of the thirty-day period.  Nothing in this section requires the
claim to be paid by the end of the sixty-day or thirty-day period.
  (3) For any claim filed under (2) of this subsection, the law
enforcement agency shall pay the claim unless the agency provides
substantial proof that the landlord either:
  (i) Knew or consented to actions of the tenant in violation of this
chapter or chapter 69.41 or 69.52 RCW; or
  (ii) Failed to respond to a notification of the illegal activity,
provided by a law enforcement agency under RCW 59.18.075, within seven
days of receipt of notification of the illegal activity.
  (o) The landlord's claim for damages under subsection (n) of this
section may not include a claim for loss of business and is limited to:
  (1) Damage to tangible property and clean-up costs;
  (2) The lesser of the cost of repair or fair market value of the
damage directly caused by a law enforcement officer;
  (3) The proceeds from the sale of the specific tenant's property
seized and forfeited under subsection (f)(2) of this section; and
  (4) The proceeds available after the seizing law enforcement agency
satisfies any bona fide security interest in the tenant's property and
costs related to sale of the tenant's property as provided by subsection
(h)(2) of this section.
  (p) Subsections (n) and (o) of this section do not limit any other
rights a landlord may have against a tenant to collect for damages.
However, if a law enforcement agency satisfies a landlord's claim under
subsection (n) of this section, the rights the landlord has against the
tenant for damages directly caused by a law enforcement officer under the
terms of the landlord and tenant's contract are subrogated to the law
enforcement agency.

  +{NEW SECTION.}+ Sec.  If any provision of this act or its
application to any person or circumstance is held invalid, the remainder
of the act or the application of the provision to other persons or
circumstances is not affected.

  +{NEW SECTION.}+ Sec.  Sections 1 through 7 and 9 through 23 of this
act constitute a new chapter in Title 69 RCW.


       --- END ---


==================================================================

---
 * Origin: COBRUS - Usenet-to-Fidonet Distribution System (1:2613/335.0)

 [25]  USENET DRUGS (1:375/48)  TALK.POLITICS.DRUGS 
 Msg  : #2769 [100]                                                             
 From : Tom Rohan                           1:2613/335      Sat 19 Mar 94 13:12 
 To   : All                                                                     
 Subj : Pt 6/6: Washington State Marijuana Initiative (Full Text of)            

==================================================================
==================================================================

Call the MARIJUANA INITIATIVE HOTLINE at (206)548-8043 for more
information about the Marijuana Initiative and events.

==================================================================
==================================================================
==================================================================


--
  **   The Drug War is the Vietnam of the 90's.  **    =====================
 ***   It is a guerrilla war waged by our        ***   | END THE DRUG WAR!
  **   government against its own people.        **    =====================

---
 * Origin: COBRUS - Usenet-to-Fidonet Distribution System (1:2613/335.0)

 [9]  NORML (1:375/48)  NORML 
 Msg  : #3260 [70]                                                              
 From : masplund@cc.Helsinki.FI             1:343/70.10     Wed 16 Mar 94 23:57 
 To   : All                                                                     
 Subj : Eurad's annual meeting.                                                 


-=> Note:

Copied (from: alt.hemp) by Scott Parks using timEd.

From: masplund@cc.Helsinki.FI (Marko S Asplund)
Newsgroups: alt.drugs,alt.hemp
Subject: Eurad's annual meeting.
Date: 17 Mar 1994 07:57:42 GMT
Organization: University of Helsinki

An organization called Europe against drugs (Eurad) held its annual meeting in
Helsinki last friday. Here is what the Finnish cannabis association (SKY) had
to say to the participants of that meeting. A press release is also included.




The Finnish Cannabis Association welcomes EURAD
===============================================

The Finnish Cannabis Association is happy to welcome the participants of
the EURAD annual meeting to Helsinki. We sincerely hope that your stay
in our city is a pleasant one.

Like all responsible adults, we at the Finnish Cannabis Associaton share
your concerns and those of your host organization SVIH about the social,
medical and legal problems related to the use of psychotropic substances.
We do not wish to promote the use of any drug, nor do we deny, that like
all mind-altering substances, cannabis has harmful effects. However,
based on both personal experience, and the expertise of professionals in a
number of fields, we sincerely believe that prohibition, particularly that
of cannabis, exacerbates the harm caused by the use of drugs.

We feel that the prohibitionist approach is proving a failure as it did
when alcohol was made illegal in the United States and Finland in the
early part of this century. The attempt to establish total control over the
drug market has led to an almost total lack of control. Prohibition allows
trafficers to amass fortunes by supplying substances of varying degrees of
purity and toxicity to users of all ages. Prohibition creates the linkage
between cannabis and more dangerous illegal drugs. Prohibition weakens
the credibility of health education by suggesting that dangerous legal
drugs such as tobacco and alcohol are significantly less harmful than, say,
cannabis.

Using chemicals to alter one's state of conciousness is as old a phe-
nomenon as Original Sin: experience indicates that prohibition cannot be
effectively enforced in a society valuing civil liberties and democracy.
We do not pretend to have ideal solutions to the problems related to drug
use and therefore we feel that open public debate is needed in order to
asess the various implications of this complex issue. Unfortunately the
drug issue is very much a taboo subject in Finland: a leading Finnish drug
law enforcement officer has tried to pressure the Finnish media not to
give voice to drug policy dissidents, and the Finnish Cannabis Association
is currently appealing a decision by the Ministry of Justice which refused
to grant the Cannabis Association recognition as a registered association.

Many of you undoubtedly disagree with us on the issue of cannabis
prohibition. Nevertheless we believe that our organizations have a
common goal of increasing public awareness of the drug question. We
hope that you will value the opportunity for constructive dialogue which
might even prove an mutually educational.



Press Release:
========================================


The Finnish Cannabis Association has decided to publish the
accompanying leaflet addressed to EURAD (Europe Against Drugs)
which is holding its annual meeting in Helsinki March 10-13. The Finnish
Cannabis Association works to draw attention to the way that the
prohibitionist approach to drugs, particularly cannabis (hashish and
marijuana) excacerbates the drug problem. Another important goal of the
Cannabis Association is to promote open debate on drugs in Finland. We
feel that the problems that we have experienced in this, such as the refusal
of the Ministry of Justice to allow our association to be officially regis-
tered, and attempts by police to impose censorship on the drug debate,
underscore the importance of our work.

The Finnish Cannabis Association



--
  Aspa         Marko.Asplund@Helsinki.FI




--- GEcho 1.02+
 * Origin: Helix: Fido<>Internet - Seattle (206)783-6368 (1:343/70.10)

 [9]  NORML (1:375/48)  NORML 
 Msg  : #3411 [76]                                                              
 From : Dr. Dan                             1:343/70        Tue 22 Mar 94 22:01 
 To   : Carl Olsen                                                              
 Subj : Hemp in Seattle...                                                      

From the Seattle Times Monday--March 21, 1994

(excerpted from an article by Joe Haberstroh-Seattle Times business
reporter}

"Seattle Importer finds grass is greener on the other side of the world."
  What a long strange trip its been for the five tons of hemp paper
that just docked at the Port of Seattle for Ken Friedman, president of
American Hemp Mercantile.
  Friedman's tiny company tracked down the hemp pulp in Croatia and a
mill in Slovenia. Both republics were once part of Yugoslavia. Such
entrepreneurial detective work has helped make the local company one of a
small number importing hemp, which is illegal to grow in the United States
because it is the same plant from which marijuana is harvested.
  The marijuana association is a source of bemusemnet for Friedman,
an attorney who once defended accused cultivators, and his operatoions
manager, Hal Nelson, who once sponsored a marijuana-legalization effort in
the state.
  Hemp paper and fabric is made only from the plant's stalks, not the
leaves and buds that are smoked. Yet the marijuana association creates an
image problem. Pot culture may be a sentimental matter to many, but it's
not yet accepted in the big-time textile community.
  Woven hemp which the company imports from Hungary, is also a
decidedly rough fabric. Historically, it has been used mostly for rope and
for tarps, not for everyday clothing. It is also costly. American hemp
Mercantile pays its mill $4 to $9 a yard for woven hemp, depending on its
weight and whether it is blended with cotton, then wholesales it for a 40%
markup. Clothing quality cotton can be had from the mills for as little as
$1 a yard.
  Point by point, American Hemp Mercantile is turning these problems
to its advantage.
  The company already is cited as a source of "tree-free" paper in
the current Patagonia catalog, and Friedman believes paper will be the
company's "biggest thing" in the next five years. The company is
test-running another fifteen tons of paper in April. "There's no limit to
how bib it can be," Friedman said...
  ...Not long ago, Friedman was simply a defense attorney and Hal
Nelson his trusted paralegal. "We kept hearing from all the people we knew
who were arrested for marijuana, "Why am I going to jail when this is such
a useful plant?'" said Friedman.
  The pair raised $25,000 ($5,000 from each of them and three
friends) to start their business. China and Hungary emerged as the top
sources of hemp fabric, but Chinese sources were unreliable. So, 18 months
ago, Nelson found himself at the gates of a hemp manufacturing plant near
Szeged, a city in the southeastern corner of Hungary, in the nation's
fertile Danubian Plain.
  "I said, 'Hi, I'm from America, i'm interested in your hemp,'"
Nelson said.
  The response was enthusiastic. "They were desperate," Nelson said.
"They had been cast loose from the Soviet system."
  Hemp has been grown for generations in Hungary. The stems of mature
plants are about the diameter of pencils and grow 15 feet tall and about 4
inches apart.
  After the annual harvest, the long stems are soaked in warm ponds
for a few days to loosen the fibers for fabric use. Then workers run the
stalks through machines called breakers, which separate the woody
core--which is sent to pulp mills--from the fibers, which eventually are
turned into yarn....
  ...American Hemp Mercantile is now buying a 10 percent share in a
Hungarian hemp mill for $500,000. The owners plan to modernize the
machinery at the newly privatized plant....


 * Wave Rider 1.12B # 270 *
... Western civilization? Yes, I would be in favor of that..
--- GEcho 1.02+
 * Origin: Helix: Fido <> Usenet - Seattle (206)783-6368 (1:343/70)

 [9]  NORML (1:375/48)  NORML 
 Msg  : #3795 [76]                                                              
 From : Bill Barrett                        1:2410/375      Wed 23 Mar 94 00:49 
 To   : All                                                                     
 Subj : Marijuana Smokers Beware!!                                              

Our Government stated today they were going for the death penelty for persons
who deal in ANY drug including, marijuana, a substance used by many sick people
for their life threatening problems.  How will a judge rule over someone health?
Will a Judge TELL a sick person to use a drug that a doctor can give him, when
the drug would probably have many side effects, and would not be as affected as
a drug as marijuana.....
Marijuana was the very first medicine, dating back to the year 2737 B.C.
Never one known case of anyone dying from it, only helping them.

It's time  our government understands the people instead of trying to control
them in everything they do.  We the people put these people in office not to be
controlled but for justice.  There's not much justice in a government that
controls a simple plant that can help, not only people with health problems, but
several other problems our society has developed, like our ozon layer...
better do something pretty quick, or we will have serious problems in this
country from the suns rays....

I am a person who suffers from Multiple Sclerosis and Glaucoma.  Now what the
doctors have given me in the past for my problems, never worked proper.
An operation on my eyes was the suggestion of my eye doctor.. My eye pressure
was up to 39... 22 is dangerous, so you can imagen  how that makes a person feel
when the medicines haven't worked.....
When returning to my doctors office for information on the operation I had
smoked a SMALL BIT of pot, 4 or 5 puffs.... when the doc examined my eyes this
time, my pressure had dropped to 9. This is something no medicine had done in
about 15 years since I first developed glaucoma.  Eye Side is something no one
wants to ever be without. If this is the best and safest way for me to protect
my eyes, I will use Hemp, cannibas,pot, whatever you want to call it...I call it
medicine, and it works....It also keeps me out of a wheelchair...I still walk
and will continue too as long as I use cannabis.
Everyone should write your Senator, or go to see them as I did last year.
Explain how important it is that people who have disabilities should be exampt
from their war on drugs... we don't want to break the law, but they make us do
it.  If our government  can give MEDICAL MARIJUANA to 8 people in the U.S., why
not all the sick people...We have a double standard and always will.
Please call someone and tell them it is not fare.

--- GEcho 1.00
 * Origin: Protea System (1:2410/375)

 [10]  NORML (1:375/48)  NORML 
 Msg  : #4285 [91]                                                              
 From : Dr. Dan                             1:343/70        Fri 25 Mar 94 17:12 
 To   : Carl Olsen et all...                                                    
 Subj : Chiropractor sentenced in Northwest...                                  

This is a follow-up to previous post on the Snohomish County Washington,
Chiropractor who was found guily of growing pot by a jury who felt guilty
for having to convict her.
  Joanne Pittman, the forty year old Lake Stevens Chiropractor who
was convicted of growing and delivering marijuana to a patient suffering
from glaucoma, was sentenced to three days in jail and 27 days of community
service. The judge also suspended a $1,000 fine and placed her on one year
of community supervision.
  Ms.Pittman said that she grew mauijuana and gave it to her friend
and patient to ease his glaucoma pain. She said she acted out of compassion
and medical necessity.
  She also admitted to using marijuana regularly to stimulate her
appetite and keep her weight up after she was diagnosed with cervical
cancer in 1983.
  According to today's story in The Seattle Post-Intelligencer, and
contrary to previous reports, the judge allowed the jury to consider
medical necessity as a defense in the case, but he said that there wasn't a
clear case of medical necessity because Ms. Pittman used marijuana herself.

 * Wave Rider 1.12B # 270 *
... "Western civilization? Yes, I would be in favor of that...
--- GEcho 1.02+
 * Origin: Helix: Fido <> Usenet - Seattle (206)783-6368 (1:343/70)

 [6]  NORML (1:375/48)  NORML 
 Msg  : #3511 [50]                                                              
 From : Terry Liberty-Parker                1:382/91.49     Wed 30 Mar 94 12:38 
 To   : All                                                                     
 Subj : Drug Raids Alaska     1/2                                               

=============================================================================
* Forwarded by Terry Liberty-Parker (1:382/91.49)
* Area : AEN_NEWS (AEN_NEWS)
* From : Boo Rody, 1:3550/516 (28 Mar 94 17:40)
* To   : All
* Subj : Drug Raids Alaska     1/2
=============================================================================
Sunday, March 27, 1994
Anchorage, Daily News, Metro Section


DRUG HUNT RAISES HACKLES
Peninsula residents call troopers, Guard unit intimidating

By Tom Kizza
Daily News Reporter

A sweep by state troopers, backed by a National Guard drug unit,
uncovered several marijuana growers on the upper Kenai Peninsula this
month, including what troopers called a major commercial operation in a
Sterling airplane hangar.

But the anti-drug effort also drew protest from other homeowners who
say they were frightened or embarrassed when troopers showed up on their
doorsteps without search warrants and asked to look around.  Nothing was
found in their homes.

The protesters say police reliance on hunches, anonymous tips and
informal "knock-and-talk" searches invites abuse and invasion of
privacy.

"I don't think they have a right to violate anybody's privacy,"said
Armin Schmidt, 32, a Kasilof fisherman.  Schmidt said he thinks someone
involved in a dispute with his family reported him anonymously.

When the troopers arrived at his door earlier this month, he first told
them to get a warrant, he said.  Then the troopers told him he'd be
investigated.  Faced with that choice, Schmidt opened his door.  They
found nothing.

"I don't appreciate them or anyone else harassing me." Schmidt said.

"People are calling Crimestoppers to make false reports out of revenge,"
said kenai lawyer Bob Cowan, who said he'd heard complaints from four
innocent property owners approached by troopers without search warrants
this month.  "People can tell police to take a walk.  But it's a form of
legal coercion."

Troopers and police defend the state wide practice of making informal
house calls, which they call knock-and-talks.  They say it's an
efficient and unthreatening way to deal with a backlog of tips without
undertaking a long investigation to get a search warrant.

"We tell people if it's all bogus, nothing's here, then we're out of
your hair," said Sgt. Wayne Bortz, head of the trooper drug unit on the
Kenai Peninsula.  If you're not committing a crime, there's probably no
problem if I come in."

"Would they rather we be hiding behind a bush looking at their house?"
said Kenai Police Chief Dan Morris.  "Personally, I'd rather they walked
up to my house and talked to me about it."

The source of the tip is often a Crimestoppers call.

Like similar programs elsewhere in Alaska, the Kenai Peninsula
Crimestoppers is a business-supported, nonprofit program that takes
anonymous calls on possible crimes and passes out rewards for
convictions.  The 10-year-old program is administered by Kenai police
Morris said it has been a success, paying out something more than
$10,000 in rewards in return for recovery of more than $1 million in
drugs and stolen goods.

Law enforcement officials say they are obliged to follow up on tips they
receive at least to see if there's anything to them.

"If we don't go talk to people, we can't do our jobs," Morris said.

Often the easiest way is to drive by the house, knock on the door, and
ask to look around.  homeowners are free to say no, but sometimes
officers will detect something - an aroma of marijuana, blacked-out
windows - that could help obtain a subsequent search warrant.

Some of those unhappy with this month's effort say they felt
intimidated, with as many as six officers approaching houses and a five
ton National Guard truck standing by.

"They said they'd been watching the house for year-and-a-half and had
the phone tapped.  I was very upset," said Patty Mann, owner of a Kenai
janitorial service.  She told them to go away, she said, but the
troopers persisted for 10 minutes until she relented.  "He kept
insisting if I didn't have anything to hide to let him in."

If her house was under surveillance as troopers claimed, the observers
weren't very effective, Mann said.  She said the person troopers told
her they were looking hadn't lived there since August.

Bortz said troopers were following up a tip that predated Mann's
residence there.  He said he told her the tip was half-a-year old and
denied saying he'd tapped her phone, which would be illegal under Alaska
law.  He wanted to check the house to confirm her story,  he said.


(Continued to next message)
  QMPro 1.50 41-1285  I ain't no Doctor, but I'm loosking all me patience!


-+- WM v2.09/92-0593
 + Origin: AmeriKa BBS - Anchorage,AK. 907-272-1776 (1:3550/516)
=============================================================================

Hello All!


Terry

--- GoldED 2.41
 * Origin: *Liberty*AustinTx*(512)326-9491 (1:382/91.49)


 [6]  NORML (1:375/48)  NORML 
 Msg  : #3512 [50]                                                              
 From : Terry Liberty-Parker                1:382/91.49     Wed 30 Mar 94 12:39 
 To   : All                                                                     
 Subj : Drug Raids Alaska     2/2                                               

=============================================================================
* Forwarded by Terry Liberty-Parker (1:382/91.49)
* Area : AEN_NEWS (AEN_NEWS)
* From : Boo Rody, 1:3550/516 (28 Mar 94 17:40)
* To   : All
* Subj : Drug Raids Alaska     2/2
=============================================================================
(Continued from previous message)

But Bortz said he's willing to take no for an answer.  In fact, he said,
three of the 12 people who were home when troopers visited this month
wouldn't let them come in.  Investigation into activity at those homes
is continuing, he said.

Trooper Lt. Ted Bachman, head of the state wide narcotics unit, said
officers have to know the line between persistence and coercion - in
part because the conversations are usually recorded by troopers and an
improper search could backfire in court.

But Cowan said the authorities have stepped up the pressure. "What's new
is them rolling up with those big military deals and pouring in en
masse,"  he said.  "If people don't object to this, would they have any
objection to (body) cavity searches under these same procedures?"

The Drug Eradication and Interdiction Unit of the Alaska National Guard
was along to help with removal of plants and equipment at big busts,
troopers said.  Use of the National Guard has become common in drug
efforts in Alaska since the unit was formed in 1988 as part of the
federally funded war on drugs.  The drug unit has 30 full-time employees
and a $1.1 million annual budget, said Guard Maj. Bob Kean, who commands
the unit.

"The idea is to allow the equipment the Guard already owns to be used in
the drug war,"  said Kean.  He said the Guard unit stays back and does
not take part in the knock-and-talk searches.

In the troopers' biggest knock-and-talk success of the month, they
visited a house in Sterling on March 8 and were allowed in just one
room, according to Bortz.  The smell of marijuana plants was powerful,
Bortz said.  Troopers left and returned two hours later with a search
warrant based on the smell, he said.

Troopers said they turned up 426 marijuana plants of various sizes.
Many were hidden in a false floor under an airplane hangar, Bortz said.

Two other knock-and-talk visits turned up smaller marijuana-growing
operations, according to troopers.  In both cases, residents allowed
troopers in and showed them the marijuana, Bortz said.  One case
involved four plants in Sterling.  In the other the other, involving 39
plants in Nikiski, troopers were admitted by the grower's wife, Bortz
said.

Kenai police made two marijuana busts during the same period, using
support from the troopers.  But these were conventional cases, relying
on investigations and search warrants, according to Kenai police
investigator Joe Harrison.  About 2 pounds of marijuana was collected
from each home, he said.

Kenai police do fewer than a dozen knock-and-talk visits every year,
Harrison said.  They were briefed on the procedures by police
consultants from California last year who claimed to win admittance to
97 percent of the houses they visit, he said. Police in Alaska say they
get turned away more often.

"People here are a little more concerned about the privacy thing, and I
don't have any problem with that."  Harrison said.

***********
NOTE:
     The Alaska Daily News has a local reputation of disinformation
reporting and general poor journalism and MOST articles issued by the
Daily News are considered by most locals to be inaccurate until they can
be verified through other sources.
  QMPro 1.50 41-1285  I ain't no Doctor, but I'm loosking all me patience!


-+- WM v2.09/92-0593
 + Origin: AmeriKa BBS - Anchorage,AK. 907-272-1776 (1:3550/516)
=============================================================================

Hello All!


Terry

--- GoldED 2.41
 * Origin: *Liberty*AustinTx*(512)326-9491 (1:382/91.49)


 [5]  USENET DRUGS (1:375/48)  TALK.POLITICS.DRUGS 
 Msg  : #3481 [100]                                                             
 From : Jim Rosenfield                      1:2613/335      Mon 04 Apr 94 04:08 
 To   : All                                                                     
 Subj : NORML on "Smoke-a-Joint-Lose-Licen                                      

From: Jim Rosenfield <jnr@igc.apc.org>


Testimony to the California Legislature and Governor
Against "Smoke a Joint, Lose Your License"
March 31,1994

California NORML wishes to express its strong opposition to the "Smoke a
Joint, Lose Your License" bill, AB 79X, which would impose a mandatory,
six-month driver's license suspension for all drug offenses, regardless
of whether they are driving-related.   Such legislation is supposed to
fulfill federal requirements mandated by the Solomon-Lautenberg
amendment to the highway transportation appropriations bill of 1990,
under which states that fail to enact mandatory license suspensions lose
5% of federal highway funds beginning in October, 1993 and 10% two years
thereafter.

The requirements of the Solomon-Lautenberg amendment can also be met by
a simple resolution of the legislature and governor opting out of the
proposed license suspension policy.  28 states have already chosen to
opt out of license suspensions. The evidence is overwhelming that this
is the most economical and sensible course for California.

AN ATTACK ON CALIFORNIA'S SOVEREIGNTY: The Solomon- Lautenberg amendment
was devised with the specific intent of overriding California's
marijuana decriminalization law, the Moscone Act of 1975. The record
shows clearly that marijuana decriminalization has been a success.
Since the Moscone Act was passed, marijuana use and arrests have both
continually declined, saving the state an estimated total of over $1
billion in arrest and court costs.1  In comparison, mandatory license
suspensions are an untested policy (in the only state with a track
record, New Jersey, drug arrests actually increased following their
adoption, refuting the notion that license suspensions deter drug use).
Solomon-Lautenberg must therefore be viewed as ill-advised federal
meddling in California's affairs.

COSTS: Mandatory license suspensions will place additional costs on our
overburdened criminal justice system.  To begin with, it will induce
tens of thousands of minor marijuana offenders, who rarely contest the
current $100 fine, to challenge their arrests in court in order to save
their driving privileges.  The costs of these proceedings could easily
rival those of the felony arrest system used prior to the Moscone Act.
Since its passage in 1975, the Moscone Act has saved an estimated
average of $90 million per year in arrest and court costs (not counting
prison and parole costs).1  This may be taken as a gauge of the
potential enforcement costs of mandatory license suspensions.

In addition, by revoking the licenses of some 280,000 drug offenders
such legislation will increase the number of arrests for driving without
a license, one of the fastest-growing violations in California.  In 1989
some 2,160,000 Californians received license suspensions, while 130,000
were arrested for driving under a suspended license.  Based on this
experience, it can be estimated that mandatory license suspensions will
generate another 17,000 driving-with-a-suspended-license convictions,
many of them resulting in jail time.

Moreover, the public will be placed at a greater risk of accidents with
uninsured drivers, since liability insurance doesn't cover unlicensed
drivers.

Finally, drug violators and their families will suffer reduced
productivity due to their inability to drive.  Immobility will impede
employment, education and efforts at treatment and rehabilitation.
Such problems may be mitigated by suitable provision for partial license
restrictions, but only at further administrative costs.

MINORITIES MOST HEAVILY PENALIZED: The burden of license suspensions
will fall disproportionately upon minorities:  30% of drug offenders are
blacks, who make up only 8% of the state population; 32% are Hispanic,
who are 17% of the population; and only 36% are non-Hispanic whites, who
are a 60% majority.

NO DETERRENT: License suspensions will do nothing to deter drug crime.
Felony penalties did nothing to stop the explosion of marijuana use in
the 1970s before adoption of the Moscone Act.   There is no reason to
think license suspensions will be more effective.  Mandatory license
suspensions for drug offenses were first introduced in New Jersey in
1987.  Immediately upon their adoption drug arrests jumped 25%, after a
period of relative stability.  In contrast, California saw a 45% drop in
marijuana offenses upon passage of the Moscone Act, presumably because
it sent a message to police to change their enforcement priorities.
Marijuana usage declined throughout the 1980s, and by 1991 arrests had
fallen to their lowest level since 1967, when felony penalties were in
effect.  It is acordingly difficult to see why stricter marijuana
penalties are called for.   On the contrary, it is entirely likely that
harsher penalties will lead to increased arrests, further straining the
criminal justice system.

JUSTICE: Solomon-Lautenberg sets twisted enforcement priorities.  It
establishes a longer driving suspension for simple possession of
marijuana off the road than is presently required for drunken driving
and other offenses that pose a much greater risk to public safety.   A
recent report by the Sentencing Project shows that illicit drug users
are already much more harshly punished then drunken drivers, although
the latter do more harm.1 Mandatory license suspensions will only
aggravate this imbalance, sending a dangerous message to our youth.

The victims of mandatory license suspensions will include innumerable
medical marijuana patients who use marijuana to treat intractable nausea
from AIDS, nausea, spasticity and chronic pain, and who presently have
no legal access to marijuana.   California NORML has heard from scores
of such patients who have been arrested for possessing or cultivating
marijuana for personal use; to further penalize them with license
suspensions would be unconscionable.

PUBLIC SAFETY RATIONALE: Recent evidence refutes the claim that tough
marijuana laws reduce drug abuse.   Since Solomon- Lautenberg was
passed, new studies have found that states with marijuana
decriminalization have lower drug abuse and accident rates, apparently
because marijuana tends to substitute for alcohol and other, more
dangerous drugs.2 It is noteworthy that the highest cocaine addiction
rates in the West are reported in the two states with the nation's
toughest marijuana laws, Nevada and Arizona.

Furthermore, studies of drug use and accidents fail to confirm the
assumption that users of illicit drugs are inordinately dangerous
drivers.   A survey of young drivers in California by Allan Williams and
Michael Peat found that the overwhelming majority of fatal accidents
involving illicit drugs also involved alcohol.3 Drivers who used illicit
drug alone did not have higher rates of culpability than drivers who
used no drugs or alcohol.  Surveys elsewhere have found similar
results.1 There would therefore seem to be even less grounds to assume
that people who only possess illicit drugs off the road are unsafe
drivers.

 In conclusion, the evidence is clear that California neither needs nor
wants tougher marijuana laws.  Official advisory panels have
consistently recommended reduced penalties against marijuana, including
the California Research Advisory Panel (1990), the National Academy of
Sciences (1982), and the Presidential Commission on Marijuana (1972).
In the last two elections when marijuana has been on the ballot - in
Santa Cruz in 1992 and in San Francisco in 1991 - voters have
overwhelmingly called for more reasonable, not punitive laws, approving
resolutions to legalize medical use of marijuana by margins of 80%.
The state should reject the federal government's expensive and
unnecessary intrusion on California's sovereignty by passing a reolution
to opt out of "Smoke a Joint, Lose Your License."

Dale Gieringer, Ph.D.
Coordinator, California NORML

1    Michael Aldrich and Dr. Tod Mikuriya, "Savings in California
     Marijuana Law Enforcement  Costs Attributable to the Moscone Act of
     1976 - A Summary,"  Journal of Psychoactive Drugs   20:75-81
     (1988).
1    ibid.
1    Cathy Shine and Marc Mauer, "Does the Punishment Fit the Crime?
     Drug Users and Drunk  Drivers, Questions of Race and Class," The
     Sentencing Project, Washington DC (1993).
2    Peter Passell, "Less Marijuana, More Alcohol?", New York Times,
     June 17, 1992.
3    Williams, Peat, Crunch, Wells and Finkle, "Drugs in Fatally Injured
     Young Male Drivers,"  Public Health Reports, Jan-Feb 1985.
1    Dale Gieringer, "Marijuana, Driving and Accident Safety," Journal
     of Psychoactive Drugs, Jan-Mar 1988.


---
 * Origin: COBRUS - Usenet-to-Fidonet Distribution System (1:2613/335.0)

 [16] TALK.POLITICS.DRUGS (1:375/48)  TALK.POLITICS.DRUGS 
 Msg  : #6113 [144]                                                             
 From : Patrick Kane                        1:2613/335      Wed 06 Apr 94 14:29 
 To   : All                                                                     
 Subj : Reason: Medicinal Marijuana                                             

From: aeldra@netcom.com (Patrick Kane)
Organization: NETCOM On-line Communication Services (408 241-9760 guest)

Marijuana has some very important possible medical uses.  This month's issue
of reason addresses the FDA's position on medicinal marijuana.  An excerpt
follows:

--------------

Subhead: The FDA seems open to the idea of medical marijuana.

     A pharmaceutical company typically spends some $230 million and a decade
or longer to win approval from the Food and Drug Administration for a new
medicine. But Rick Doblin, president of the Multidisciplinary Association for
Psychedelic Studies (MAPS), expects to complete the process within two years
at a cost of about $500,000. To be sure, the drug he has in mind--marijuana--
s not exactly new.


     Encouraged by the FDA's 1992 approval of MDMA research with human
subjects, Doblin asked the agency's Pilot Drug Evaluation Staff what it would
take to make marijuana available by prescription. With the FDA's guidance,
MAPS developed a research plan, including a large, multi-site clinical study
and a series of individual trials, to test marijuana's effectiveness in treat
ing AIDS wasting syndrome. In October the FDA approved a protocol for the
large study, to be supervised by Donald Abrams, research director of the San
Francisco Community Consortium, which coordinates AIDS research in the Bay
Area.


     Doblin says the protocol was submitted, revised, and approved within a
week. "The FDA has expedited this," he says. "The FDA is being extremely
helpful." He attributes what he calls "a monumental shift at the FDA" to the
waning of the drug war and the influence of Commissioner David Kessler. He
says Kessler seems sympathetic to patients seeking legal access to marijuana.

--------------

So begins this issue's featured article from Reason magazine.

This article and others from Outside Magazine and additional publications
can be viewed at no charge on The Electronic Newsstand, a service which
collects articles, editorials, and table of contents from over 70
magazines and provides them to the Global Internet community.

Access to The Electronic Newsstand is available 24 hours a day, 7 days a
week via Gopher, an information navigation and retrieval technology from the
University of Minnesota.

For those without a local Gopher client program, The Electronic Newsstand
provides a telnet account which will allow you to use a text based Gopher
client to access our service.

To access The Electronic Newsstand,

  via Local Gopher Client:

   Hostname:  gopher.internet.com
   Port:   2100

  via the Gopher Home Menu at U of Minn:

   Other Gopher and Information Servers/
     North America/
       USA/
         General/
      The Electronic Newsstand (tm)

  via Gopher Link Information:

   Name=The Electronic Newsstand
   Type=1
   Port=2100
   Path=1/
   Host=gopher.internet.com

  via Telnet:

   Hostname:   gopher.internet.com
   Loginname:  enews
   Password:  <not required>

  via World Wide Web:

   URL:    gopher://gopher.internet.com/

If you have any suggestions on how we might improve this service, or
need more information, please email  staff@enews.com

  --The Electronic Newsstand Staff





---
 * Origin: COBRUS - Usenet-to-Fidonet Distribution System (1:2613/335.0)

 [13] NORML (1:375/48)  NORML 
 Msg  : #5254 [156]                                                             
 From : Captain                             1:396/53        Sun 10 Apr 94 14:49 
 To   : John Birrenbach                                                         
 Subj : Re: **WANTED** Daring Peo                                               

  We have a daring person here in New Orleans.  He was shown on the local
news yesterday selling bags of sterile hemp seeds for birdfood in front of
the courthouse.  The reporter said he was wanted in Tyler,TX for selling
these seeds as they consider it illegal marijuana, and they were trying to
extradite him.  What a joke!

... If a Russian plane crashes, is it an Aeroflop?
___ Blue Wave/QWK v2.12
--- Renegade v1-2 Exp
 * Origin: Rape & Honey BBS [] 1.7 Gigs Adult [] 504-466-7764 (1:396/53)

 [26] SYSOP18 (1:375/48)  SYSOP18 
 Msg  : #3296 [313]                                                             
 From : odin@gate.net                       1:343/70.10     Tue 12 Apr 94 17:47 
 To   : All                                                                     
 Subj : 02:(fwd) Hemp News #18                                                  

Baltimore Mayor Kurt L. Schmoke and choose the evil of decriminalization (not
legalization) of drugs, rather than risk making ourselves into a police state.



RTw  10/26 1942  POLICE PONDER CASE AGAINST ALLEGED ``ROBIN HOOD'' ...

POLICE PONDER CASE AGAINST ALLEGED "ROBIN HOOD" DRUG DEALER
     By Stan Darden
     ATLANTA, Oct 26 (Reuter) - Authorities seem puzzled about how to deal with
an alleged drug trafficker known as "Robin Hood" who curries favour with
inner-city residents by sharing his prosperity with the poor and aged.
     James "Haircut" Watkins, 47, lives in the predominantely black Cascade
Heights section of Atlanta, which is known as the "Black Mecca" because of its
affluence, but runs a grocery store and laundromat in a poor downtown area.
     Aside from a federal conspiracy indictment last January that connected him
with the sale of cocaine and marijuana, Watkins is best known for his habit of
 giving money to the unemployed, food to the elderly and rent-free
accommodations
to the homeless.
     Police, who claim to have an iron-clad case against him, say Watkins'
generousity is just a smoke screen.
     "He does these things so he can insulate himself within the community. He
has a habit of seeing that people are on his side and meanwhile he's peddling
this poison in the community," said Atlanta Police Major Vernon Worthy, who
heads the city department's special operations division.
     But just as Watkins was expected to plead guilty last week, federal
prosecutors stunned local authorities by dropping the charges against him.
     Assistant U.S. Attorney Candace Howard said in a court filing that the
Atlanta case was dismissed to make way for charges from a more serious federal
 narcotics investigation in Houston.
     Meanwhile Atlanta police are left wondering what's likely to come next.
     "We feel the prosecutor's decision to drop the charges may be part of a
strategy she's using," said Worthy.
     "We do have an excellent case against him, and we intend to carry that case
forward."
     Officials with the U.S. attorneys' offices in Atlanta and Houston declined
to comment on the case.
     According to the federal indictment, Watkins was prepared to plead guilty
to conspiring to distribute 5.5 pounds (2.5 kg) to 11 pounds (5 kg) of marijuana
through his downtown businesses.
     But just before the plea, the U.S. Attorney's office in Houston notified
 Atlanta prosecutors that Watkins is also being investigated there in connection
with alleged drug sales involving more than 6,600 pounds (3,000 kg) of
marijuana.
     Watkins remains free on $85,000 bond.
     REUTER


RTw  10/26 1418  PRO-POT GROUP OVERCOMES OBJECTIONS AND ADOPTS ROAD

    COLUMBUS, Ohio, Oct 26 (Reuter) - Someone should remind the latest member of
Ohio's adopt-a-highway programme -- don't try smoking the potholes.
     The National Organisation for the Reform of Marijuana Laws (NORML) has
joined scores of Boy Scout troops, Elks Clubs, and other community groups in the
programme in which participants clean up sections of Ohio state's highway
system.
     The state's Department of Transportation denied NORML's application twice
previously, arguing it would be helping to advertise a "controversial activist"
group.
     The American Civil Liberties Union stepped in, and Ohio's attorney general
 forced transportation officials to relent.
     In exchange for cleaning up litter from a two-mile (three kms) stretch of
route 235 near Yellow Springs, Ohio, four times a year, the state will erect a
sign with the group's name.
   REUTER


RTw  10/27 1829  MEXICAN POLICE SEIZE 11 TONS OF MARIGUANA

    MEXICO CITY, Oct 27 (Reuter) - Mexican police seized more than 11 tons of
marijuana in four days of raids in the north of the country, officials said
Wednesday.
     The biggest haul was in the state of Chihuahua, where police seized and
burned 7.5 tons of marijuana plants they found sown over 18 acres, the attorney
general's office said in a statement.
     Two men were arrested in a separate incident when police found 1.4 tons of
marijuana hidden in a truck in Sonora state. Lesser quantities were also seized
in the states of Baja California and Nuevo Leon.
  REUTER


   ------
   Oct. 26
    Albuquerque (N.M.) Journal on using the National Guard in Washington, D.C.:
   The National Guard should not be used to augment crime control efforts in the
nation's capital.
   Calling up the National Guard for anti-crime street duty is ill-advised
because it is the wrong tool for the job. The National Guard is not trained in
criminal investigation, routine traffic control or other jobs performed by
trained police officers. The guard is trained for military operations, riot duty
and crowd control without much regard to civil rights.
   The precedent of using the Guard for extended periods on routine police work
should be avoided. It would leave a strong impression that local police have
lost control of crime in the nation's capital. There is no quick fix to criminal
activity. Rather than asking President Clinton call up the Guard, the mayor
 should first fill 300 vacancies on the police force. If there isn't enough
money
in the city's budget for additional police, Congress should make the necessary
appropriation.
   The nation's capital should be safe for everyone, resident, members of
Congress, government workers and the 19 million people who visit Washington each
year. Putting National Guardsmen on the streets to fight crime would do great
harm to this nation's democratic image. The world is all too familiar with the
image of armed soldiers patrolling the streets of strife-torn nations around the
world. Don't let it happen here.
   ------


WP   10/27       Call on Love, Not Guards, To Help D.C.

BY COURTLAND MILLOY

   In this compact capital city, where political symbols often clash, another
conflicting scene has emerged: The temporary headquarters for Sasha Bruce
Youthwork, one of the District's most successful services for troubled
teenagers, recently opened across the street from the U.S. Marine Corps Barracks
on Eighth Street SE.
   On one side, armed soldiers patrol the sidewalks, ever ready for battle. On
the other, a 1960s peace and love era-inspired group of counselors hug and tutor
wayward youths, taming the beast within.
    Both scenes are compelling. But imagine seeing either one replicated all
over
town. Which would make this a better place: more guns or more love?
   Of course, no proposal to deploy the Marines (or more love, for that matter)
has been taken seriously. But in a town that is addicted to enforcers, including
the D.C. police, the FBI, DEA, ATF, Secret Service, Capitol Police, U.S. Park
Police, Postal Police, Metro Transit Police, Zoo Police and Army and Navy
Intelligence and still doesn't feel safe, it's a safe bet that a few more office
clerks dressed up as the National Guard won't do the trick, either.
   "We know that guns are not the answer, so why continue down that path?" said
Deborah Shore, executive director of Sasha Bruce Youthwork. "During a visit to
Ireland to talk with youth workers there, I saw children on the front line of
war, just like children in Washington, throwing rocks at soldiers. The more
 force that was used against them, the more disrepectful of authority they
became."
   Shore, who founded Sasha Bruce Youthwork in 1974, directs an impressive array
of services for youth and families that include emergency shelters, parenting
skills training, home-based family preservation programs and substance abuse
prevention.
   The prospects of expanding organizations like hers ought to generate great
excitment. Instead, the pleas of many neighborhood-based social service groups
are virtually ignored. On the other hand, as soon as residents become desperate
enough to cry out for soldiers on the streets, the pleas get attention at the
highest levels of national government.
   "It's an outrage," said Kevin Grey, president of the American Civil Liberties
 Union in South Carolina, where several cities have deployed the National Guard
to combat neighborhood drug dealing. "Residents are reporting abuses of civil
rights such as spotlights being shined into their homes and intimidation on the
streets. And the National Guard has had no impact on crime. I think Sister Kelly
is being naive."
   To suggest that the National Guard could be used to successfully interdict
drugs in the District, as Mayor Sharon Pratt Kelly has, shows that she has not
paid much attention to the failures of the Coast Guard, Customs Service and the
Air Force, which even tried using war-ready spy planes.
   Of course, it was not all Kelly's fault.
   "The culprits in D.C. are crack and Ronald Reagan," Shore said. "They go
together. During the 12 years of the Reagan presidency, we watched in horror as
 the distance between the haves and have-nots expanded like crazy. Cocaine
flooded the city, and every conceivable division between human beings - race,
sex and religion - was emphasized to prevent any meaningful dialogue about what
to do about the problems."
   It was time to learn from our mistakes and move on, Shore said.
   "A problem with the `War on Poverty' was that we knew very little about the
people we were trying to help," she said. "Now we know who we are dealing with,
and we know what works."
   That knowledge came from getting inside the homes where the children were
being raised, not just being on the street where they hang out, Shore said.
Unencumbered by government bureaucracy, Sasha Bruce Youthwork is free to move
swiftly in developing and deploying services where they are needed most.
    An example of their work can be found around the corner from the Sasha Bruce
headquarters, where a former client is employed at a copying service. He said
that he was placed in a Sasha Bruce youth home in 1979 after being caught
stealing cars.
   "I was suppose to be going to school, but a Sasha Bruce counselor became
suspicious and began following me," the former client recalled. "He tracked me

---
 * Origin: Helix: FidoNet<>Internet - Seattle (206)783-6368 (1:343/70.10)

 [26] TALK.POLITICS.DRUGS (1:375/48)  TALK.POLITICS.DRUGS 
 Msg  : #4187 [200]                                                             
 From : maxwell                             1:2613/335      Thu 14 Apr 94 16:33 
 To   : All                                                                     
 Subj : IMI ALERT: Chi Pot Ordinance Testimony FRIDAY 4-15!!                    

From: maxwell@deep-13.gizmo.com
Organization: Gizmonics Institute Inc.


The Chicago City Council's Police and Fire committee will take public
testimony on 7th Ward Alderman William Beavers' marijuana ordinance
Friday, April 15 beginning at 10 am. in the Council chambers (City
Hall 2NW, I believe).

If you want to present testimony, show up early and get your name on
the sign-up sheet. Prepare approx. 5 mins of speech.

For the three people out there who don't know about this ordinance,
it removes the 30 day jail term and lowers the fine from $500 to
$250.

We would probably call this a "decrim" bill, however the Alderman
_explicitly_ told me he does NOT refer to it that way: he says he has
enough trouble without people thinking he trying to _legalize_ pot.
whatever. The Chicago City Council's political vocabulary is a little
more restricted than ours...  IMI will respect the Alderman's wishes
for tomorrow's testimony.

Our general thrust will be that:
1. Marijuana shouldn't be illegal at all.
2. If it's got to be illegal, the fine should be $25, not $250. 8-)
3. At least it's a step in the right direction.
And of course, we'll provide a good dose of Relegalization rhetoric.

The media will be there.

IMI invites _all_ interested persons to give testimony tomorrow. I know
this is short notice, but if you can, show up because it's important.

If you need to discuss the matter, call me at 708-892-7844 between 1800
and 2400 chicago time, tonight (thursday 4-14). No crank calls, no morons
looking for drugez, _please_.

herbally.max
coordinator, Illinois Marijuana Initiative
mmonningh@igc.apc.org

here's the ordinance:


_ORDINANCE_
BE IT ORDAINED BY THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF CHICAGO:

  Section 1. Chapter of the Municipal Code of Chicago is
hereby amended by adding a new Section 7-24-095, as follows:
7-24-095. Possesion of cannabis.
     (a) No person shall possess 2.5 grams or less of any
substance containing cannabis.
     (b) As used in this section, "cannabis" includes marijuana,
hashish and other substances identified as containing any parts
of the plant cannabis sativa, whether growing or not; the seeds
thereof; the resin extracted from any part of such plant; and any
compound, manufacture, salt, derivative, mixture or preparation
of such plant, its seeds or resin. "Cannabis" also includes
tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and all other cannabinol derivatives,
including its naturally occurring or synthetically produced
ingredients, whether produced directly or indirectly by
extraction, or independently by means of chemical synthesis or by
a compination of extraction and chemical synthesis. "Cannabis"
does not include the mature stalk of the plant cannabis sativa,
fiber produced from such stalks, oil or cake made from the seeds
of such plant, or any other compound, manufacture, salt,
derivative, mixture or preparation of such mature stalks (except
the resin extracted therefrom), fiber oil or cake or the
sterilized seed of the plant that is not capable of germination.
     (c) Any person who violates subsection (a) of this section
shall be fined $250.00 for each offense.
     (d) Nothing contained in this section is intended or shall
be construed or applied to permit the possession of 2.5 grams or
more of any substance containing cannabis.

     Section 2. This ordinance shall take effect ten days
after its passage and publication.

(signed) William M. Beavers
Alderman, 7th Ward.

document no. PO 94-671

referred to committee on:
   POLICE AND FIRE - Mar 2 1994


---
 * Origin: COBRUS - Usenet-to-Fidonet Distribution System (1:2613/335.0)

 [11] TALK.POLITICS.DRUGS (1:375/48)  TALK.POLITICS.DRUGS 
 Msg  : #4823 [200]                                                             
 From : Paul Stanford                       1:2613/335      Sun 17 Apr 94 22:15 
 To   : All                                                                     
 Subj : Pt 1/7: Hempnews News #19                                               

From: Paul Stanford <treefreeeco@igc.apc.org>

From: Paul Stanford <treefreeeco>

The following wire stories are provided as a public service by
Tree Free EcoPaper, makers of 50% hemp (cannabis) and 50% cereal straw
paper. Tree Free EcoPaper is the world's only supplier of wholesale
quantities of hemp paper. We offer an electronic catalog which you can
recieve by dropping us an e-mail request. We'll send you our free samples
and hemp paper catalog if you give us a postal address. You can call us
toll-free at 1-800-775-0225 from the U.S. and Canada. Our phone number
for calls outside the U.S. is 503-295-6705. Our headquarters is in
Portland, Oregon and our paper is produced in Asia. Without further
ado, please enjoy the news:



APn  02/23 0917  BRF--Strip Searches

Copyright, 1994. The Associated Press. All rights reserved.

   PITTSBURGH (AP) -- Six boys suing their junior high school over a
strip-search for drugs have settled out of court.
   Terms of the settlement with the New Castle School District were not
disclosed. It was reached Tuesday at the start of the fifth day of trial in U.S.
District Court.
   "I didn't feel right, how they made you show most of your private parts,"
said Devon King. He was one of the students who said they were forced to strip
to be searched on Dec. 18, 1992, at Ben Franklin Junior High School.
    The principal and district assistant superintendent conducted the searches
after a student reported seeing one boy smoke crack cocaine and several others
smoke marijuana. No drugs were found.
   School attorney Dominick Motto said the district put its strip-search policy
in writing in August and will continue to search students believed to possess
drugs or a weapon.
   "The law is perfectly clear that a strip search may be conducted if there is
reasonable suspicion," he said.



UPwe 02/22 1751  San Diego favors lifting ban on medical marijuana use

   SAN DIEGO (UPI) -- The San Diego City Council voted Tuesday to urge President
Clinton to lift a federal ban on using marijuana to treat certain illnesses.
   By a unanimous vote, eight City Council members decided to urge Clinton and
Congress to end federal prohibitions against the  "legitimate medical use" of
marijuana for patients who suffer from AIDS, cancer or glaucoma.
   The measure was authored by Councilwoman Christine Kehoe in response to the
sentencing last month of Sam Skipper, 39, to 16 months in state prison for
violating probation conditions on a marijuana cultivation conviction. Skipper
was sentenced after refusing to stop using marijuana to combat symptoms of AIDS.
   The measure passed without comment from any speakers or council members.
 Councilwoman Judy McCarty was absent due to illness.
   Sufferers of glaucoma and cancer did testify in favor of the resolution
during a Feb. 9 hearing of the council's Public Services and Safety Committee,
which passed it on a 5-0 vote.
   The resolution calls for "a rational system of prescriptive medical access to
marijuana" administered by "well-trained medical professionals rather than
remote federal bureaucrats."
   Copies of the resolution are also to be given to Vice President Al Gore,
Attorney General Janet Reno, Health and Human Services Secretary Donna Shalala
and the San Diego congressional delegation.



APn  02/18 1637  Medical Marijuana

Copyright, 1994. The Associated Press. All rights reserved.

By LAURIE ASSEO
 Associated Press Writer
   WASHINGTON (AP) -- Backers of medical use of marijuana lost a court bid
Friday to force the government to let people use the drug to ease some ill
effects of cancer, AIDS and other diseases.
   The U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit upheld the
Bush administration's 1992 decision barring doctors from prescribing marijuana.
   That decision was supported by substantial evidence, the court said, noting
 many medical experts testified "that marijuana's medicinal value has never been
proven in sound scientific studies."
   The Clinton administration has said it is reconsidering the ban, and Arnold
Trebach of the private Drug Policy Foundation urged the government to reverse
the policy.
   "The ball is in Mr. Clinton's court," Trebach said. "He can look up and say,
`Enough of this foolishness.' He can do something compassionate."
   Trebach said an appeal to the Supreme Court would be considered.
   Supporters of medical use of marijuana say there is strong evidence that it
eases the nausea and loss of appetite caused by cancer and AIDS treatments,
eases muscle spasms for people with spinal cord injuries or multiple sclerosis
and alleviates the eye pressure that blinds glaucoma sufferers.
    Some people were allowed to get permission from the Food and Drug
Administration to use marijuana for such purposes starting in 1976. A handful of
those people still are allowed to use marijuana, but new requests have not been
approved.
   The appeals court said the Bush administration showed a "reasonable
preference for rigorous scientific proof over anecdotal evidence, even when
reported by respected physicians."
   The court also rejected claims that Bush administration officials had a long
history of prejudice against medical use of marijuana.
   "We are not impressed," Judge James L. Buckley wrote for the court. His
opinion was joined by Chief Judge Abner Mikva and Judge Douglas H. Ginsburg.
   In refusing to allow medical use of marijuana in March 1992, Robert Bonner,
 then head of the Drug Enforcement Administration, likened the drug's advocates
to "snake-oil salesmen."
   Bonner said marijuana was not a safe or effective drug for any illness.
   Trebach said a DEA administrative law judge who recommended approval of
medicinal marijuana in 1988 found substantial evidence of marijuana's usefulness
in easing the effects of some illnesses.
   "There are thousands of doctors out there who want to prescribe it. There are
tens of thousands of people who want to use it. Big Brother in Washington is
saying no," Trebach said.
   Another three-judge appellate panel ordered the government in 1991 to restudy
its earlier decision not to allow medical use of marijuana. The DEA's 1992
policy resulted, and Friday's ruling affirmed that decision.



   THE BEAT GOES ON: Beat poet Allen Ginsberg is enjoying a new burst of
popularity at age 67, long after his days of smoking marijuana and banging out
rhymeless lines with Jack Kerouac. Rhino Records in June will release a box set
of Ginsberg's poems and songs and in May, Harper- Collins will publish
"Cosmopolitan Greetings: 1985-1992," a new book of his poems and later this year
excerpts from his journals in the late 1950s. Asked by the Los Angeles Times
what was the most widely held misconception about the Beat Generation, Ginsberg
replied, "That we weren't literate. We were more educated than most of the
 academic critics who dismissed our interest in Eastern thought as irrationality
simply because it was non-linear. It required cultivation and a good deal more
discipline than Western logical simplifications. Still they dismissed us an
unruly beatniks with wiggy hair, bongo drums and cockroaches on the floor."



UPce 02/16 1121  Bloomington sees record pot bust, makes marijuana a...

Bloomington sees record pot bust, makes marijuana a ticketable offense
   BLOOMINGTON, Ill. (UPI) -- Bloomington city officials recently lessened the
criminal penalties for possession of marijuana, but that will not do two Texas
men any good.
   A new city ordinance approved Monday says people caught by police with less
than 2.5 grams of marijuana will only receive a ticket and $250 fine.
   The two men, Billy Wayne Sessions and Lonnie Session, both of Childress,
Texas, were caught Tuesday just north of Bloomington driving a truck containing
2,740 pounds of pot valued at $5.48 million, buried underneath 33,000 pounds of
cabbage.
    Illinois State Police, who made the arrest, say the more than a ton of
marijuana is the largest cache uncovered on an Illinois highway, and the 14th
largest highway pot bust nationwide.
   State police stopped the truck Tuesday morning because it was traveling 68
mph in a 55 mph zone. A drug-sniffing dog detected the scent of marijuana, then
Trooper Russell Sauve called for assistance.
   State police spent several hours unloading packages of pot, some of which
were labeled as "dog food" and "poultry feed," from the truck.
   The amount of marijuana is so great, there was not even room to store it at
police headquarters in Bloomington. Much of the pot was shipped to an
undisclosed location in Springfield.
   Both men were held at McLean County Jail, charged with possession of
 marijuana, possession with intent to deliver and marijuana trafficking. If
convicted on all charges, they could face up to 30 years in an Illinois prison.
   Both men will appear Wednesday in McLean County Circuit Court.



UPce 02/25 1413  Eight indicted on drug charges

   EAST ST. LOUIS, Ill. (UPI) -- A federal grand jury in East St. Louis has
indicted five people from Arizona and three from Ohio on marijuana trafficking
charges stemming from traffic stops by Collinsville police on Interstates 55-70.
   The indictments announced Thursday by U.S. Attorney W. Charles Grace of
Southern Illinois named five people from Tucson, Ariz. They are Ernesto Sanchez,
26, Larry Smith, 43, James Shepherd, 24, Margaret Villegas, 20, and Kristina
Coleman, 21. Also named were Gustavo Briseno, 21, Barbara Steward, 31, and
Benjamin Shepherd II, 26, all of Columbus, Ohio.
   The charges, which stemmed from three separate drug busts, include conspiracy
to possess with intent to distribute marijuana, as well as using and carrying a
 firearm in relation to a drug-trafficking crime.
   Penalties could range up to five years inprison and a $250,000 fine, plus two
years on supervised release.
   James Shepherd and Benjamin Shepherd also were charged with possession of a
firearm by a felon. They face penalties of up to 10 years in prison or a
$250,000 fine.
   Prosecutors did not disclose whether the Shepherds are related.
   All of the charges stem from drug seizures made by Collinsville police during
traffic stops on I-55-70, 10 miles east of St. Louis. The highway is considered
a major route for drug traffickers heading north to Chicago and Detroit or east
to the East Coast.


UPce 02/23 1345  Grandparents caught with 100 pounds of pot

   COLLINSVILLE, Ill. (UPI) -- The Madison County state's attorney's office was
expected to file drug trafficking charges against two Michigan grandparents
whose car was found containing 100 pounds of marijuana during a traffic stop.
   Police said Tuesday that the traffic stop on Interstate 55-70 in Collinsville
led to the arrests of six more people in Michigan after the couple cooperated
with authorities and completed their delivery.
   The 61-year-old man and his 59-year-old wife, both of Lansing, Mich., were
stopped Feb. 15 while driving eastbound on I-55-70 in Collinsville, about 10
miles east of St. Louis. The man was pulled over for having an obstructed
rearview mirror.
    Officers said they detected an odor of marijuana and obtained the man's
permission to search the car. They said they found two duffel bags in the trunk
that were stuffed with a total of 100 pounds of weed. The drugs had an estimated
street value of $200,000.
   Police said the couple hadn't used any air fresheners or deodorants to
disguise the odor of the marijuana, as most smugglers do. They said the man told
them he couldn't smell anything.
   The couple cooperated with investigators and continued to Michigan, where the
drug delivery was completed, authorities said. Michigan State Police arrested
six more people and also seized $25,000 in cash and two cars.
   The Madison County state's attorney's office is expected to issue drug
trafficking charges against the Michigan couple within the next 30 days, police
 said.



RTw  02/28 2133  CHIROPRACTOR WHO GREW POT FOR PATIENT CONVICTED

    By Martin Wolk
     SEATTLE, Feb 28 (Reuter) - A chiropractor was convicted Monday of growing
marijuana despite her claim that the plants were raised only as medicine for a
patient who suffered from glaucoma.
     After a three-day trial, a jury in Snohomish County Superior Court in
Everett rejected the "medical necessity" defence of Joanne Pittman of Index,
Washington.
     The case was the first in the country in which a medical practitioner
attempted to use the defence, which in the past has been used successfully by
patients charged with marijuana possession in several states including
 Washington.
     Narcotics detectives testified during the trial that they found 12
marijuana plants hidden in a washing machine in November 1992 when they raided
Pittman's home about 50 miles (80 kms) northeast of Seattle.
     Detectives, who said the marijuana was of low quality, also found pipes and
other smoking paraphernalia in the home.
     Pittman, 40, said she grew the marijuana solely for the use of a
chiropractic patient who testified that he suffered from glaucoma and could not
get relief from conventional therapies.
     Pittman, who has cervical cancer, said that she smoked marijuana herself to
stimulate her appetite, but that she obtained it from another source.
     The trial also featured expert testimony from Robert Randall, a glaucoma
 patient who is one of only eight people in the United States who receive
marijuana legally from the federal government for medical use.
     Randall is president of the Washington-based Alliance for Cannabis
Therapeutics, which lobbbies for the legalisation of marijuana as a prescription
drug.

---
 * Origin: COBRUS - Usenet-to-Fidonet Distribution System (1:2613/335.0)

 [11] TALK.POLITICS.DRUGS (1:375/48)  TALK.POLITICS.DRUGS 
 Msg  : #4824 [200]                                                             
 From : Paul Stanford                       1:2613/335      Sun 17 Apr 94 22:15 
 To   : All                                                                     
 Subj : Pt 2/7: Hempnews News #19                                               

     Deputy prosecuting attorney Scott Olson said he was sympathetic with the
plight of sick people who claim marijuana can help them, but was duty-bound to
enforce the law.
     "It's hard to say what my position would be if I was going blind and pot
was the only thing that could save my sight," Olson said by telephone.
     "To me if marijuana is helpful, if it's medicine, then the legislature
should get off its rear end" and change the law, he said.
      He noted that under Washington state law marijuana is considered a
Schedule
1 narcotic, meaning it has no medicinal value.
     Sentencing in the case was set for March 24. Under sentencing guidelines
Pittman, with no prior convictions, could get one to three months in jail on the
single felony count, Olson said.
     REUTER


RTw  02/28 1736  WAR ON DRUGS A FAILURE, SAYS COLOMBIAN LAW OFFICIAL

(Eds: updates with comments from Colombia, previous Vienna)
     By Michael Stott
     BOGOTA, Feb 28 (Reuter) - The worldwide war on drugs has failed and is
unlikely to succeed until rich countries consider legalising narcotics to
destroy traffickers' power, Colombia's Prosecutor-General Gustavo De Greiff said
Monday.
     De Greiff, speaking at a news conference organised by the United Nations to
present its annual narcotics report, said moves by some European and U.S. cities
to decriminalize drug consumption while still purshing production and
trafficking actually helps the drug traders.
      That strategy gives traffickers "the best of both worlds -- a useless
fight
against production and trafficking and a secure market for consumption." He did
not mention specific cities.
     "I consider the fight against drugs a failure," De Greiff said. "More
emphasis has been put on fighting production and trafficking and very little on
consumption ... I do not favour legalisation for the sake of legalisation, but I
have insinuated that it is one of the best ways to close the market to drugs
traffickers and stop them making their obscene profits."
     De Greiff spoke as the U.N. International Narcotics Control Board (INCB)
released its annual report and strongly reiterated its opposition to any form of
drug legalisation.
     "We're against any legalisation of drugs," Gottfried Machata of the INCB
 told a news conference at the agency's Vienna headquarters.
     The board's report showed that despite the police shooting of Medellin
cartel boss Pablo Escobar last December, cocaine manufacture and trafficking
from Colombia, the world's top producer, were still expanding.
     Rene Saa-Vidal, head of the INCB in Colombia, said production of all drugs
there rose over the past year.
     "Colombia is now disputing (with Bolivia) the position as the second
biggest producer of coca leaf ... production has gone up from 18,000 hectares
(44,477 acres) to around 50,000 (123,548 acres)," he said. "Colombia has also
become one of the big heroin producers ... and the most recent figures show a
rise in the output of marijuana."
     De Greiff seized on the figures to argue that legalisation was the only way
 to destroy the drug trade.
     Referring to the killing of Escobar, the earlier shooting of one of his top
lieutenants, Gonzalo Rodriguez Gacha, and the capture and extradition to the
U.S. of drug kingpin Carlos Lehder, he said:
     "What has happened to the drug market? Nothing! .... There is still demand,
drugs are still available and the number of addicts has not fallen."
     De Greiff quoted Drug Enforcement Administration officers in California as
saying that justice authorities throughout the world only managed to seize $800
million of an estimated $40 to $60 billion a year in drug profits.
     "Unfortunately if you look at the results of the fight, it is pretty
discouraging," he added.
     The United Nations report said Colombia's drug cartels, which control more
 than 70 percent of the world cocaine trade, were spreading activity to other
Latin American countries.
     "Venezuela ... has become an important transit country; from there the
traffickers send tons of cocaine by boat to Europe and in airplanes and small
shipments to the United States," the report said.
     "Argentina, Brazil and Chile are also becoming ever more important transit
countries for shipments of illicit drugs destined not only for North America and
Europe but also Asia and Africa."
     The review also said the drug menace had broken national boundaries to
become a global business penetrating "the spheres of international politics and
world economics."
     There was clear evidence that drug cartels were increasingly cooperating to
 outrun controls and maximize profits, the study said.
  REUTER



   JACKPOT, Nev. (AP) -- Dr. Hook, who hoped to see his picture on the cover of
the Rolling Stone, will have to settle for a police mugshot instead.
   The entertainer, whose real name is Ray Sawyer, was arrested Saturday and
charged with possession of marijuana. Police said they found the pot in Sawyer's
Cactus Pete hotel room after receiving complaints that his band openly used
drugs.
   Sawyer was released on $2,500 bail, and finished his weekend performances at
Cactus Pete.
    The 57-year-old singer is known for such hits as "The Cover of the Rolling
Stone," "When You're in Love with a Beautiful Woman," and "Sylvia's Mother."
   ------


RTna 02/28 0949  UN AGENCY REJECTS ANY LEGALIZATION OF ABUSE DRUGS

    VIENNA (Reuter) - The United Nations drug control agency Monday firmly
restated its opposition to any legalization of mood-altering drugs, making no
exception for whether they were considered to be "hard" or "soft."
     "We're against any legalization of drugs. The differentiation between hard
drugs, like heroin, or soft drugs, like cannabis, is something we don't do,"
Gottfried Machata of the International Narcotis Control Board told a news
conference.
     "In the Netherlands, it has been demonstrated that the availability of
hashish has led to a deterioration of the situation in the addictive drug
market," he said.
      Cannabis is legally available in the Netherlands.
     In Europe, there were signs that Italy was leaning toward liberalization of
drug laws, whereas Spain and Portugal had tightened up their drugs policy,
Machata said.
     In its annual report for 1993, the U.N. agency said the "drug menace has
broken past geographic limits and has outgrown its traditional classification as
a criminal or social issue."
     The business had become global and was penetrating "the spheres of
international politics and world economics," it said.
     The review added that there was clear evidence to confirm that
internationalization and cooperation of drug cartels were increasing steadily.
     At the same time, drug runners were growing more ruthless, creating fully
 integrated empires from cultivation to distribution and money laundering and
arms sales.
  REUTER


UPce 03/03 1023  Chicago alderman proposes decriminalizing pot

   CHICAGO March 3 (UPI) -- An alderman has proposed a measure in the Chicago
City Council to reduce the penalty for possession of small amounts of marijuana
to a $250 ticket.
   Alderman William Beavers, a former Chicago police officer, Wednesday said his
proposal to decrimininalize marijuana would help ease backlogs in the county
court system by making the penalty for simple possession of pot similar to a
parking ticket.
   Currently, marijuana possession is a Class C misdemeanor punishable by up to
30 days in jail and a $500 fine. Beaver's ordinance would carry no jail time if
a person is convicted of possession of less than 2.5 grams of marijuana.
 Violators would appear before a city hearing officer instead of going to court.
   "Let's be realistic about what happens in court and on the street," said
Beavers. "Pot smokers get slapped on the wrist, they clog up the court, and it
costs a lot of money to taxpayers to get them in court. This way, the city gets
some revenue, and they have to pay real hard cash, which hurts more than a slap
on the wrist."
   However, Chicago Mayor Richard M. Daley is against the idea.
   "I can't figure that out because if you can't smoke cigarettes at City Hall,
should we allow people to smoke marijuana," Daley said.
   Alderman Edward Burke, also a former police officer, said reducing the
penalty for marijuana possession "sends a mixed signal to youngsters...that it
(pot smoking) would not be a big deal."


RTw  03/02 1603  COLOMBIA TO SHOOT DOWN DRUG PLANES - MINISTER

    BOGOTA, March 2 (Reuter) - Colombia's national security council has
authorised air force jets to shoot down airplanes suspected of carrying drugs if
they refuse to obey orders to land when intercepted, Defence Minister Rafael
Pardo said Wednesday in a radio interview.
     "This measure  ...  would be taken after exhausting all visual and sign
procedures ... against an aircraft which does not identify itself, which has no
flight plan and which does not comply with signals given by air force planes
which intercept it," Pardo said.
     Anti-drug agents estimate that hundreds of airplanes take off or land in
Colombia every month carrying raw materials such as coca base into the country
 for processing and shipping out refined narcotics to the United States or to
transit countries for forwarding to Europe.
     Washington has provided assistance to the Colombian government such as
regular overflights by AWACS surveillance craft and the building of a series of
radar bases to track unauthorised plane movements but the vast majority of
traffickers' flights still go unintercepted.
     The United Nations International Narcotics Control Board's (INCB) latest
report, published Monday, said that processing and trafficking of cocaine from
Colombia continued to increase last year despite police persecution.
     INCB officials said heroin and marijuana smuggling had also risen.
     Colombian anti-narcotics police and military managed to immobilize only 27
airplanes last year out of the hundreds which move through the country's
 airspace, according to official figures.
     Many craft use routes over the sparsely populated and vast Amazon jungle,
where police overflight capacity is severely limited by range restrictions.
     Pardo said the move to permit the shooting down of traffickers' planes was
intended to help protect national sovereignty over Colombian airspace. He said
the move would be officialized shortly in a government decree.
  REUTER


UPce 03/13 1127  Gubernatorial candidates wary of inmate early relea...

Gubernatorial candidates wary of inmate early release programs
 By GREGORY TEJEDA
 United Press International
   Candidates in the Democratic and Republican gubernatorial primaries realize
Illinois' prison system is too crowded, but they are wary of anything that would
seem like early release for criminals.
   Of the candidates, only Democrat James Gierach, an attorney from Palos Park,
wholeheartedly supports such programs.
   Illinois Comptroller Dawn Clark Netsch, a Democrat, and conservative
Republican Jack Roeser support such programs on a limited basis.
    Gov. Jim Edgar, a Republican, along with Cook County Board President Richard
Phelan and Illinois Attorney General Roland Burris, both Democrats, are opposed
to the idea.
   Those were the results of a United Press International survey of the
gubernatorial candidates, asking each the question "Are expanded early release
programs for non-violent prison inmates the right step to help alleviate the
overcrowded conditions that now exist in Illinois prisons?"
   Democratic candidate Sheila Jones, a follower of Lyndon LaRouche, declined to
participate in the survey.
   Early release programs would allow inmates convicted of lesser offenses to
earn additional good time, thereby shortening their prison stays and making room
for people convicted of violent crimes. Some measures were approved last year by
 the General Assembly, as part of the package that also saw $60 million
allocated
for construction of a high- security prison near Tamms.
   Gierach, who is running on a platform of reforming drug laws, noted that
about 6,000 of the nearly 33,000 prison inmates in Illinois are serving
sentences for drug convictions.
   "No record is maintained to distinguish how many of the 6,000 inmates are
held for marijuana as opposed to hard drug offenses," Gierach said. "The attempt
to fight the lost war on drugs by prison construction is futile, very costly,
and results in the early release of violent offenders."
   Gierach said he supports increased funding for early release programs "which
emphasis education, work, job training and drug treatment for non-violent
inmates," as well as creation of a new state board that would have full say in
 determining which inmates get out early.
   Roeser agreed. "I believe criminals who pose a danger to society should
receive first priority for space in prisons," he said.
   Illinois Comptroller Dawn Clark Netsch said early release programs could be
one part of an overall crimefighting package, although she concedes more prison
space will have to be built.
   "We must do more to assure Illinoisans that violent offenders will be
incarcerated," Netsch said. "Tough sentencing legislation without providing
additional space is just political rhetoric."
   Following are the negative responses by gubernatorial candidates to the
question "Are expanded early release programs for non-violent prison inmates the
right step to help alleviate the overcrowded conditions that now exist in
 Illinois prisons?"
   Among the more negative responses, Burris said early release programs "are
part of the band-aid type approach to fighting crime which has characterized the
Edgar administration."
   Burris said a restructuring of sentencing laws is what is needed to
"ensur(e) that those who commit violent crimes go to prison and that they serve
at least 85 percent of their sentences. Further, I believe that those who have

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 [11] TALK.POLITICS.DRUGS (1:375/48)  TALK.POLITICS.DRUGS 
 Msg  : #4825 [200]                                                             
 From : Paul Stanford                       1:2613/335      Sun 17 Apr 94 22:15 
 To   : All                                                                     
 Subj : Pt 3/7: Hempnews News #19                                               

committed three class 1, 2 or X felonies should receive automatic life
sentences."
   Edgar, however, also opposed early release programs.
   "My bottom line is this: The most dangerous people in our society need to
remain behind bars," he said. "We can achieve that by getting smart on crime as
 well as getting tough on it."
   And Phelan said "simply releasing nonviolent offenders early, with virtually
no skills or supervision, is an irresponsible solution to our prison crowding
problems.
   "The public safety of Illinoisans is threatened by this practice because the
likelihood is high, especially without adequate skills and supervision, that
these offenders will commit repeat crimes," Phelan said.


RTw  03/12 2122  NEW AGE HIPPIES FOLLOW OLD DRUG, SEX TRAIL TO GOA

    By Moses Manoharan
     ANJUNA BEACH, GOA, India, May 13 (Reuter) - A new generation of hippies are
following the flower children of the 1960s to Goa, still seeking nirvana through
drugs, sex and music.
     Their communes are built around the same clusters of thatched huts and red
sand hovels once occupied by the original hippies beside the pristine,
palm-fringed beaches of the former Portuguese enclave, which was taken over by
India in 1961.
     "Goa is the same as what we heard, the romance (of Goa in the 1960s) that
was built up as a story of paradise," says Gwendolin, a Malaysian-Chinese who
 sits on the popular Vegator beach sharing a joint of hashish with friends.
     But Gwendolin, sporting a punk haircut, points out her generation grew up
after the Beatles, free sex and Hindu meditation -- the visible symbols of the
1960s counter culture.
     "We are the new age," she insisted, taking a puff from a marijuana
cigarette handed to her by an emaciated Frenchmen who came to Goa among the
early followers of the counter culture.
     "I'm an original, not a duplicate," the Frenchman proudly said, adding that
much has changed in both the hippie and Goa.
     Indians in clothes of bright red and yellow hawk curios and offer soothing
oil massages to barebreasted women, the prime attraction for male visitors from
nearby Maharashtra state.
      Goa, on the coast south of Maharashtra, whose capital is Bombay, has
become
in the past few years India's top tourist destination with a unique Portuguese
culture and long beaches.
     "It was paradise. We fled the West because it was materialistic. We thought
India would resist, it could not," the Frenchman said, referring to the huge
luxury hotels and resorts springing up to attract a new kind of foreign visitor.
     The hippies, numbering in the hundreds, are also different.
     They have replaced the gentler music and simple lyrics of the 1960s with
what they call acid techno rock, electronically produced sounds pounded out
through loudspeakers.
     Sex is more careful in the age of AIDS, but as wild and open as in the
past, though hashish and heroin is being replaced by designer drugs such as
 ecstacy, the hippies say.
     Markus Pifrement, a 21-year-old from Vienna, believes the first hippies
were more free, shuttling between Goa in winter and Nepal in summer.
     "Now, if you are a freak, you have to go to Goa. It is a question of
image," he said, rolling a marijuana cigarette.
     Drugs are openly consumed at Chapora beside Anjuna beach by men and women
from countries ranging from Germany to Japan, often scowling when approached by
journalists.
     Residents warn outsiders and especially journalists of the risk they run of
being clubbed by the older hippies, whose children run around the roads barefoot
and in torn clothes.
     The narrow, dusty roads throb to the sound of their unmuffled motorcycles
 ridden at high speeds.
     At cafes, they sit in sullen silence, sipping local alcoholic drinks and
eating strawberries and ice cream.
     In the evening, the hippies gather for parties that begin after purchases
of drugs and liquor and last up to two days.
     The police occassionally bust up a party, demanding the hippies say, bribes
to issue permits.
     Sally Duftyn, a doctor from England, says she was at a party disrupted by
police, who waved guns and beat up several people.
     "It was very frightening," she said, adding she would soon return home to
resume her practice.
     Police Inspector Ashok Naik said the raid on the party was over music. No
 weapons were fired, he said.
     "We define a hippie as someone who dresses unconventionally, not fully
naked, but running around in underwear," Naik said.
     But alleged police hostility does not worry Karen and Ray Coles, who blow
long wooden tubes called didgeridoo, an Australian aboriginal musical instrument
they sell for between 600 and 800 rupees ($19-$25).
     "We have found a new life here, we don't want to return to our old lives,"
says Ray, who was a building contractor.
     Beside them, a couple dressed in tartan wait for customers.
     "I'm a Scottish hairdresser," said Delma. "Not Irish, Welsh or English mind
you."
     "It used to be a few of us exchanging stuff we needed or for money," one
 long-time Austrian resident reminisced.
     "Now it has become commercial," she said with a grimace as she spread out
semi-precious stones for sale on a blanket.
  REUTER


 ------
 Canadian government wants to allow hemp farming again
   OTTAWA, March 21 (UPI) -- The Canadian government is trying to make it legal
for farmers to grow cannabis, or hemp, for commercial purposes after a 50-year
ban.
    Health department spokesman Bruce Rowsell says Parliament is about to
consider legislation that would legalize growing the crop for rope or paper
products.
   Rowsell said farmers would be licensed to grow forms of hemp that contain
virtually no THC, the hallucinogenic chemical in cannabis.
   Rowsell said farmers in the United Kingdom, France and eastern Europe are
allowed to grow hemp crops that contain less than 0.3 percent THC, and that is
the standard that will be used in Canada.
   The clearance to grow hemp is contained in a wider package of changes to
Canadian narcotic control laws currently before Parliament.



UPn  03/21 1332  Canadian government wants to allow hemp farming again

   OTTAWA, March 21 (UPI) -- A Canadian government spokesman said Monday that
proposed legislation being considered by Parliament will allow farmers to grow
cannabis, or hemp, for commercial purposes after a 50 year ban.
   Health department spokesman Bruce Rowsell said under the proposed
legislation, farmers would only be allowed to grow forms of hemp that contain
virtually no THC, the hallucinogenic chemical in cannabis.
   Rowsell said farmers would be required to have a license to grow the crop,
which can be harvested to make rope and paper products.
   He said farm groups lobbied the government to let them grow hemp as a way of
replacing tobacco and other crops.
    Rowsell said farmers in the United Kingdom, France and eastern Europe are
allowed to grow hemp crops that contain less than 0.3 percent THC, and that is
the standard that will be used in Canada.
   The clearance to grow hemp is contained in a wider package of changes to
Canadian narcotic control laws currently before Parliament.
   Rowsell said Parliament has not yet dealt with the proposal to allow farmers
to grow hemp, and said he didn't know if there would be opposition to it.



RTw  03/20 0329  ONE OF ``15 MOST WANTED'' FUGITIVES NABBED IN OREGON

    WASHINGTON, March 20 (Reuter) - A Scot whose role as the alleged mastermind
of an international drug smuggling network made him one of the most wanted
criminals in the United States has been arrested in Oregon, authorities said.
     A statement from the United States Marshals Service said Peter Christopher
Scott Macfarlane, a 47-year-old native of Glasgow, Scotland, was arrested early
Saturday at a remote residence in Applegate, Oregon, where he was using the
alias Richard Parker.
     Macfarlane, who allegedly amassed millions of dollars from his drug
smuggling and distribution activities, was unarmed and offered no resistance at
the time of his arrest by deputy U.S. Marshals, the statement said.
      It said Macfarlane, whose alleged hashish and marijuana smuggling network
was linked to organised crime in Canada, was one of the Marshal Service's "15
Most Wanted" fugitives.
     REUTER


APn  03/18 1034  Ranch Raid

Copyright, 1994. The Associated Press. All rights reserved.

   LOS ANGELES (AP) -- A sheriff's deputy who fatally shot a millionaire rancher
during a failed drug raid sued the district attorney from another county who
criticized his handling of the case.
   Los Angeles County sheriff's Deputy Gary Spencer filed the lawsuit Wednesday
-- about a year after being criticized by Ventura County District Attorney
Michael D. Bradbury.
   The deputy shot to death Donald P. Scott, 61, during a multi-agency raid in
1991 at Scott's Malibu-area ranch near the Ventura County line. Authorities were
 looking for marijuana, but none was found.
   Bradbury's report cleared Spencer of wrongdoing in the death because Scott
was armed, but also said Spencer may have lied to get the search warrant.
Bradbury concluded the raid was an attempt to seize the $5 million ranch under
federal forfeiture laws, which Los Angeles County Sheriff Sherman Block denied.
   The lawsuit accuses Bradbury and others of libel, slander and civil rights
violations, said Noel Klebaum, assistant counsel for Ventura County.
   "In our view, it's baseless," Klebaum said of the lawsuit. "He accuses
Bradbury of having all of these bad motives. But Bradbury found that, in fact,
Spencer could not be prosecuted."
   Spencer, who works in the Malibu sheriff's station, is seeking undisclosed
compensatory and punitive damages. He could not be reached for comment Thursday.



APn  03/25 0750  FEA--Housekeeping-Drugs

Copyright, 1994. The Associated Press. All rights reserved.

By GOOD HOUSEKEEPING
 A Hearst Magazine
 For AP Special Features
   Marijuana, LSD and amphetamines -- the drugs of choice of the '60s and '70s
-- are making a comeback among teen-agers just as cocaine and crack are losing
their appeal.
   There has been an increase in drug use among eighth, 10th and 12th graders
during the past two years, Christiane N. Brown wrote in an article in the
 current issue of Good Housekeeping, citing a recently released 1993 University
of Michigan report titled "Monitoring the Future Study."
   "This new generation of young people did not witness the destruction these
drugs caused in the past," said Dr. Lloyd Johnston, principal investigator of
the Michigan study.
   The survey also reveals a disturbing erosion in anti-drug attitudes among
teens.
   "If kids continue to see drugs as less dangerous and more socially
acceptable, use may continue to rise," said Steve Dnistrian, vice president of
the Partnership for A Drug-Free America.
   Experts believe that the permissive attitude toward marijuana is one of the
reasons for the sharp rise in marijuana use at the eighth-grade and high-school
 level from 1992 to 1993. In the last two years, the proportion of
eighth-graders
using marijuana has increased by half, the proportion of 10th-grade users
increased by about a quarter, and the proportion of 12th-grade users by about a
fifth.
   Although these new rates are still below the peak levels reached in the late
'70s, they represent a reversal of the declines recorded for more than a decade.
   "Marijuana use went down in the '80s partly because there were so many
`negative examples' of people who suffered its harmful effects," said Dr.
Herbert D. Kleber, executive vice president of Columbia University's Center on
Addiction and Substance Abuse.
   "Young people today don't see as many drug casualties, and don't believe that
it is harmful."
    Today's marijuana is more potent and dangerous than ever. Ten years ago,
marijuana contained about two percent THC, the ingredient that provides the
high. Today's marijuana contains an average of 12 percent THC -- and sometimes
as much as 30 percent.
   "Among drugs teen-agers report having used at least once, inhalants rank
second to marijuana," Dnistrian said.
   Inhalants include everyday substances such as butane, solvents, glues and
aerosols. They are more popular with younger children -- 11 percent of
eighth-graders (one in nine) reported using an inhalant in the previous year,
compared with 8.4 percent of 10th-graders and 7 percent of 12th-graders. But in
the past two years inhalant use has risen in all grades surveyed.
   "Young people don't fully understand the dangers of inhalants, perhaps
 because most are common household products," Johnston said. "But these
substances can be lethal -- just a single use can kill."
   Other possible effects include suffocation, seizure or coma as well as brain,
liver and kidney damage.
   Among high school students, LSD use has risen to its highest level since
1985.
   "LSD is a good example of generational forgetting," Johnston said. "Today's
young people were not around to witness the devastating effects of LSD -- the
bad trips, flashbacks, accidents and so on."
   LSD is usually sold as "blotter acid." Users chew or swallow small sheets of
paper which have been treated with liquid LSD. It also is available in tablets
and in thin, gelatin squares.
    In most cases, LSD produces profound changes in perception and causes
hallucinations, which take about 12 hours to wear off. Users may later
experience flashbacks to the drug trip as well as suffer long-lasting psychoses
such as anxiety, panic or depression.


UPce 03/23 1840  mi-msuplayers

   (ED: Spelling of Jordon is correct)
 Two Spartans arraigned for selling dope
   MASON, Mich., March 23 (UPI) -- A running back and a former linebacker for
Michigan State University's football team were arraigned Wednesday on charges of
selling marijuana to undercover officers on campus.
   Spartans back-up running back Steven Lamar Holman, 19, was freed on $10,000

---
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 [11] TALK.POLITICS.DRUGS (1:375/48)  TALK.POLITICS.DRUGS 
 Msg  : #4826 [200]                                                             
 From : Paul Stanford                       1:2613/335      Sun 17 Apr 94 22:15 
 To   : All                                                                     
 Subj : Pt 4/7: Hempnews News #19                                               

bond after being charged with two counts of delivering small amounts of
marijuana.
   Former MSU linebacker Eric Williams, 21, was charged with selling a
quarter-pound of pot. He was freed after posting $25,000 bond.
    Both men were arraigned in Ingham County Court before Circuit Judge David
Jordon. They were arrested Tuesday.
   Holman allegedly sold less than ounce of marijuana on Feb. 17 in the Case
Hall dormitory. A similarly small amount was allegedly sold to an undercover
officer five days later in an apartment in married-student housing.
   Williams is charged with selling one large amount of marijuana in a married
student housing.
   Holman, a sophomore from Indianapolis, was the third leading rusher last year
for the Spartans, gaining 373 yards and scoring six touchdowns. He led the team
in kickoff returns.
   As a star for an Indianapolis high school, Holman was named 1991 offensive
player of the year. He was one of MSU's top recruits in 1992.
    Williams, an outside linebacker, was one the team four years but did not see
any action. He played at Kalamazoo Central High School, where he received
all-conference and all-area recognition.
   Separate preliminary exam hearings for the men were scheduled for April 4.


UPn  04/02 1837  69 arrested at Michigan's Hash Bash

   ANN ARBOR, Mich., April 2 (UPI) -- Police arrested 69 people, most of them
for possession of marijuana, at the annual Hash Bash rally Saturday on the
University of Michigan campus in Ann Arbour.
   In spite of the arrests, university spokeswoman Lisa Baker said the crowd of
5,000 was festive, orderly and peaceful.
   "There were a lot of people out just because it was a nice day," Baker said.
   A total of 69 people were arrested. Those arrested for marijuana possession
were ticketed for violating state laws, which are tougher than the city of Ann
Arbor marijuana statutes, and released on personal recognizance.
   Hash Bash has been held annually for 23 years to promote legalization of
 marijuana.
   Rally organizers said they were kicking off a petition drive aimed at getting
a referendum -- the Hemp Initiative -- that would ask voters to legalize pot for
medicinal and personal use.
   "It was like an art fair," said Sgt. Harry Jinkerson. "People were enjoying
themselves, looking at the spectacle of people looking at them. "
   Baker said that because the rally took place on state property, those
arrested were being charged under state laws rather than the more liberal Ann
Arbor marijuana statutes.
   Under the state law, fines can be up to $200, while the fine under the city
law is $25.



UPse 04/04 2055  Views on marijuana clash in Lansing

   LANSING, Mich., April 4 (UPI) -- Two days after a pro-marijuana rally led to
69 arrests in Ann Arbor, the divisive issue surfaced in Lansing with another
rally and a drug czar's call for tougher laws against pot dealers and users.
   About 50 people gathered Monday on the statehouse lawn for the Capitol
Cannibis Protest, which police said was peaceful. No one was arrested.
   Protesters railed against a Senate bill that would boost penalties for
marijuana possession, and endorsed a campaign to legalize marijuana in Michigan
for personal and medicinal uses.
   Meanwhile, state drug czar Robert Peterson gave his blessing to the bill that
the protesters oppose.
    The bill would set a mandatory $500 fine for marijuana possession, up from
the $200 maximum fine under current law, and create a sliding scale penalty
system for pot dealers so that the bigger the deal, the bigger the fine.
   Peterson, director of the Office of Drug Control Policy, said studies linking
pot smoking to childhodd leukemia, traffic accidents and brain impairment are
some of the reasons why he wants the state to "just say no to the elder drug
culture."
   "The campaign to legitimize open pot toking is another con job by national
groups supported by drug lawyers and old hippies and yippies," Peterson said.
   The bill is sponsored by Sen. Michael Bouchard, R-Birmingham, Sen. Jack
Welborn, R-Kalamazoo, and Sen. Gil DiNello, R-Clinton Township.
   The bill's opponents include Dan Patterson, a Michigan State University
 student who hosts a reggae music show on the campus radio station.
   "Whatever we've been doing to increase penalties, increase jail sentences and
increase fines has not worked," Patterson said.
   Patterson said he was one of the 5,000 people who attended the Hash Bash
rally Saturday in Ann Arbor, which was peaceful but involved some arrests made
by police who walked through the crowd lounging outside on the University of
Michigan campus.
   Most of those arrested were flagrant about smoking pot and charged with
misdeamenor possession.



RTna 04/04 1915  LITTLE DEBBIE MAKERS FUMING AT LITTLE DOOBIE SHIRTS

    NEW YORK (Reuter) - The makers of the popular Little Debbie cakes are not
happy that their snack's rosy-cheeked, curly-haired trademark is being used on a
T-shirt hyping marijuana.
     McKee Foods Corp, based in Collegedale, Tennessee, Friday sued Spencer
Gifts, the 486-store novelty store chain, in Manhattan federal court for
trademark infringement.
     On Monday, a federal judge Monday ordered Spencer Gifts to temporarily
remove the T-shirts from its shelves and the  Pleasantville, N.J. -based
retailer said it would return all the shirts to the vendor.
     The shirts, which sell for $14.99, carry a picture of "Little Debbie" with
 her curly hair and sunbonnet smoking a marijuana cigarette.
     However, the shirts call the rosy-cheeked child "Little Doobie" instead and
carry the phrase "Blow your mind ... not your waistline."
     The shirts refer to the snacks as "weed pies" that contain no seeds or
stems. The word "doobie" is a slang reference to a marijuana cigarette.
  REUTER


UPse 04/01 1028  Enforcement sought at 'hash-bash'

   ANN ARBOR, Mich., April 1 (UPI) -- The state's drug czar is urging citizens
to demand tougher sanctions against participants in Ann Arbor's annual
"hash-bash" Saturday.
   The Office of Drug Control Policy said citizens offended by the widespread
use of marijuana should videotape pot smokers and demand that law enforcement
officials prosecute offenders.
   Ann Arbor, which currently imposes a $25 fine on pot smokers, is host each
year to scores of marijuana smokers for weekend dubbed the "hash- bash."
   Drug Policy Director Robert Peterson, who expressed dismay at the presence of
teenagers at previous "hash-bashes," said Michigan's eighth graders smoke
 marijuana at twice the national average.
   "It is up to adults to protect children from the drug culture and to silence
those voices that whisper 'just say yes' to our young people," Peterson said.
   Peterson recommeded that Ann Arbor raise its fine to $200, with the fees
directed at treating children who use marijuana.
   He also urged the videotaping of illegal drug use at pot events and demanding
that law enforcement action. And he said citizens should demand that stores stop
selling clothing that glamorizes the use of marijuana.
   "Over 3,000 studies on marijuana have been compiled and none of them give
this toxic drug a clean bill of health," Peterson said.
   "The campaign to legitimize open pot smoking is another con job by national
groups supported by drug lawyers and old hippies and yippies such as NORML and
 associated hemp organizations," he said.


APn  04/01 0551  BRF--Drug Sales Tax

Copyright, 1994. The Associated Press. All rights reserved.

   TALLAHASSEE, Fla. (AP) -- The Florida Supreme Court declared the state's
sales tax on drug deals unconstitutional, ruling it forces people to incriminate
themselves.
   The court ruled unanimously Thursday in favor of Mark Herre, who was slapped
with a bill for $236,250 in taxes, fees and penalties on 300 pounds of marijuana
discovered in the trunk of a car he was driving in 1988.
   Herre, who claimed that the car didn't belong to him and that he didn't know
what was in the trunk, pleaded no contest to attempted trafficking. He was fined
 $5,000 and placed on probation but continued to fight the tax bill.
   States where drug-deal taxes have been upheld, including Nebraska, Iowa,
Kansas and Alabama, protect people against self-incrimination by not requiring
taxpayers to identify themselves, the court said.
   The Revenue Department is looking into whether the ruling means the state
must return the $2.3 million collected since the 50 percent tax went into effect
in the 1984-85 fiscal year, spokeswoman Donna O'Neal said.



RTw  04/06 1627  AMBASSADOR'S SONS CHARGED WITH MARIJUANA SMUGGLING

    KINGSTON, Jamaica, April 6 (Reuter) - Two sons of Jamaica's ambassador to
the United States were arrested Wednesday on attempted drug smuggling charges,
police said.
     Brian Bernal, 20, and his brother Darren, 16, were arrested at Kingston
International Airport as they attempted to board a morning flight to Washington,
where they are both pursuing studies, police said.
     Their luggage was searched and "a quantity" of sealed fruit juice tins in
their suitcases were found to contain marijuana. Police said they are unable to
state the exact amount found until a lab examination is carried out.
     The brothers are to appear in court Thursday.
      Their father, Richard Bernal, is Jamaica's ambassador to the United States
and the Organisation of American States.
     He is also head of the Caribbean Community diplomatic corps that has been
lobbying Congress to pass legislation to give Caribbean Basin Initiative (CBI)
countries parity with Mexico.
     The CBI, introduced early in the Reagan administration, gives preferential
tariff treatment to exports to the United States from most Caribbean and Central
American countries.
     Mexico joined the United States and Canada in January in a free-trade
accord.
  REUTER


UPn  04/06 1437  Dutch leader cuts short Jakarta visit

   AMSTERDAM, April 6 (UPI) -- Dutch Prime Minister Ruud Lubbers cut short his
scheduled four-day trip to Indonesia Wednesday and started home to answer
opposition party questions about a new investigative report highly critical of
his justice and interior ministers.
   Lubbers cut short his important trip to the former Dutch colony after only
three days, and will face tough questions Thursday in parliament over a growing
scandal involving a disbanded undercover drug investigation team.
   The Inter-Regional Detective Team was disbanded last November after
revelations that it was purchasing illegal drugs for sale on the underground
market in an effort to infiltrate drug rings operating in the Amsterdam and
 Utrecht regions. The detectives reportedly were purchasing large quantities of
marijuana and hashish.
   Justice Minister Hirsch Bellin and Interior Minister Ed van Thijn have both
been criticized in a the newly released report for failing to impose proper
controls on the detective team to prevent its members from exceeding their
guidelines.
   Lubbers has said he would not allow anyone implicated in the report to suffer
personal consequences, a statement likely to be challenged when the prime
minister is questioned before parliament Thursday.
   Lubbers' ruling Christian Democrat Party, the CDA, is in the midst of a
campaign for the country's May 3 elections and has come under fire recently over
the controversy.
    Lubbers has said he will step aside after 12 years as the prime minister and
CDA leader. The party, though facing tough competition, is expected to retain
its majority in parliament, with party vice chairman Elco Brinkman expected to
succeed Lubbers.
   In Jakarta earlier, the Dutch foreign minister said Lubbers had to cut short
his visit to answer questions in parliament, and explained that the timing was
sensitive because of the upcoming elections.
   The Dutch official expressed the hope that even the three-day visit to
Indonesia would show how relations between the two countries had improved.
Lubbers had been scheduled to meet several cabinet ministers Thursday before
leaving.
   The Dutch foreign minister, who remained in Indonesia, said he would be
 speaking with non-governmental groups Thursday about human rights conditions in
Indonesia -- particularly the situation in East Timor.
   East Timor is a former Portuguese colony that was annexed by Indonesia in
1975 following the withdrawal of Lisbon. The annexation was opposed by the
Timorese, and has resulted in a bloody war.
   Ties between Jakarta and the Hague had been strained since 1992, when
Indonesia terminated aid receipts from the Netherlands on the grounds the Dutch
were using the assistance as leverage to meddle in Indonesia's domestic affairs.
   The Netherlands was one of several countries that threatened to cut off
development aid to Indonesia after government troops opened fire in November
1991 on pro-independence demostrators in East Timor.



   ------
   JUPITER, Fla. (AP) -- Wesley Snipes was thrown from his motorcycle but not
seriously hurt after a 120 mph police chase, the Highway Patrol said.
   The actor refused medical treatment and was ticketed for reckless driving.
   Snipes spokesman David C. Pollick said the 31-year-old action-adventure star
was speeding but not trying to elude police.
   Highway Patrol Lt. Sherian Staley said Snipes threw something on the road
during the chase, and police later found a package of marijuana near that site.
No drug charges were filed immediately.
   Police said the chase began Monday night after Snipes sped between a patrol
car and another vehicle on the two-lane Florida Turnpike. It ended 30 miles
 away; Snipes crashed when his motorcycle and the patrol car bumped.
   Snipes' movies include "Demolition Man" and "Rising Sun." He is in Florida
filming "Drop Zone."
   ------


UPce 04/05 1511  Drug sentence of former DA upheld

   MADISON, Wis., April 5 (UPI) -- The Wisconsin Appellate Court Tuesday upheld
the 1993 drug possession conviction of former Vilas County District Attorney

---
 * Origin: COBRUS - Usenet-to-Fidonet Distribution System (1:2613/335.0)

 [11] TALK.POLITICS.DRUGS (1:375/48)  TALK.POLITICS.DRUGS 
 Msg  : #4827 [200]                                                             
 From : Paul Stanford                       1:2613/335      Sun 17 Apr 94 22:15 
 To   : All                                                                     
 Subj : Pt 5/7: Hempnews News #19                                               

David Penn.
   Penn faces six months in jail for possession of marijuana and cocaine.
   He had accused special prosecutors in the case of misconduct for obtaining a
letter Penn said was protected under attorney-client privilege. The court,
however, declined to address the alleged misconduct, saying Penn knew the
effects of his guilty pleas.
   Penn was convicted of using marijuana and cocaine in the late 1980s and early
1990s at the time he was prosecuting drug cases in northern Wisconsin.
    Penn also faces cocaine charges filed two months ago. He is scheduled to
appear in court on those charges April 28.



RTw  04/06 1627  AMBASSADOR'S SONS CHARGED WITH MARIJUANA SMUGGLING

    KINGSTON, Jamaica, April 6 (Reuter) - Two sons of Jamaica's ambassador to
the United States were arrested Wednesday on attempted drug smuggling charges,
police said.
     Brian Bernal, 20, and his brother Darren, 16, were arrested at Kingston
International Airport as they attempted to board a morning flight to Washington,
where they are both pursuing studies, police said.
     Their luggage was searched and "a quantity" of sealed fruit juice tins in
their suitcases were found to contain marijuana. Police said they are unable to
state the exact amount found until a lab examination is carried out.
     The brothers are to appear in court Thursday.
      Their father, Richard Bernal, is Jamaica's ambassador to the United States
and the Organisation of American States.
     He is also head of the Caribbean Community diplomatic corps that has been
lobbying Congress to pass legislation to give Caribbean Basin Initiative (CBI)
countries parity with Mexico.
     The CBI, introduced early in the Reagan administration, gives preferential
tariff treatment to exports to the United States from most Caribbean and Central
American countries.
     Mexico joined the United States and Canada in January in a free-trade
accord.
  REUTER


UPn  04/06 1437  Dutch leader cuts short Jakarta visit

   AMSTERDAM, April 6 (UPI) -- Dutch Prime Minister Ruud Lubbers cut short his
scheduled four-day trip to Indonesia Wednesday and started home to answer
opposition party questions about a new investigative report highly critical of
his justice and interior ministers.
   Lubbers cut short his important trip to the former Dutch colony after only
three days, and will face tough questions Thursday in parliament over a growing
scandal involving a disbanded undercover drug investigation team.
   The Inter-Regional Detective Team was disbanded last November after
revelations that it was purchasing illegal drugs for sale on the underground
market in an effort to infiltrate drug rings operating in the Amsterdam and
 Utrecht regions. The detectives reportedly were purchasing large quantities of
marijuana and hashish.
   Justice Minister Hirsch Bellin and Interior Minister Ed van Thijn have both
been criticized in a the newly released report for failing to impose proper
controls on the detective team to prevent its members from exceeding their
guidelines.
   Lubbers has said he would not allow anyone implicated in the report to suffer
personal consequences, a statement likely to be challenged when the prime
minister is questioned before parliament Thursday.
   Lubbers' ruling Christian Democrat Party, the CDA, is in the midst of a
campaign for the country's May 3 elections and has come under fire recently over
the controversy.
    Lubbers has said he will step aside after 12 years as the prime minister and
CDA leader. The party, though facing tough competition, is expected to retain
its majority in parliament, with party vice chairman Elco Brinkman expected to
succeed Lubbers.
   In Jakarta earlier, the Dutch foreign minister said Lubbers had to cut short
his visit to answer questions in parliament, and explained that the timing was
sensitive because of the upcoming elections.
   The Dutch official expressed the hope that even the three-day visit to
Indonesia would show how relations between the two countries had improved.
Lubbers had been scheduled to meet several cabinet ministers Thursday before
leaving.
   The Dutch foreign minister, who remained in Indonesia, said he would be
 speaking with non-governmental groups Thursday about human rights conditions in
Indonesia -- particularly the situation in East Timor.
   East Timor is a former Portuguese colony that was annexed by Indonesia in
1975 following the withdrawal of Lisbon. The annexation was opposed by the
Timorese, and has resulted in a bloody war.
   Ties between Jakarta and the Hague had been strained since 1992, when
Indonesia terminated aid receipts from the Netherlands on the grounds the Dutch
were using the assistance as leverage to meddle in Indonesia's domestic affairs.
   The Netherlands was one of several countries that threatened to cut off
development aid to Indonesia after government troops opened fire in November
1991 on pro-independence demostrators in East Timor.



   ------
   JUPITER, Fla. (AP) -- Wesley Snipes was thrown from his motorcycle but not
seriously hurt after a 120 mph police chase, the Highway Patrol said.
   The actor refused medical treatment and was ticketed for reckless driving.
   Snipes spokesman David C. Pollick said the 31-year-old action-adventure star
was speeding but not trying to elude police.
   Highway Patrol Lt. Sherian Staley said Snipes threw something on the road
during the chase, and police later found a package of marijuana near that site.
No drug charges were filed immediately.
   Police said the chase began Monday night after Snipes sped between a patrol
car and another vehicle on the two-lane Florida Turnpike. It ended 30 miles
 away; Snipes crashed when his motorcycle and the patrol car bumped.
   Snipes' movies include "Demolition Man" and "Rising Sun." He is in Florida
filming "Drop Zone."
   ------


APn  04/05 0938  BRF--Little Debbie

Copyright, 1994. The Associated Press. All rights reserved.

   NEW YORK (AP) -- The maker of Little Debbie cookies is suing a novelty store
chain over a T-shirt that shows the company's familiar logo -- a little girl in
a sun hat -- pushing marijuana-spiked munchies.
   A federal judge Monday banned Spencer Gifts from selling its "Little Doobie"
T-shirts for 10 days. He told Spencer and McKee Foods Corp. to reach a
settlement by April 13 or return for a hearing.
   The shirts show the Little Debbie girl smoking a joint and offering to "blow
your mind ... not your waistline" with a package of "12 individually warped
 cakes."
   The little girl, featured on packages since 1960, was modeled on Debbie
McKee, whose grandfather founded McKee Foods Corp. His name? O.D.



UPn  04/07 1544  Dutch official admits drug probe errors

   AMSTERDAM, April 7 (UPI) -- Dutch Justice Minister Hirsch Ballin acknowledged
Thursday that he made mistakes in handling a now-disbanded special invstigation
team that bought large quantities of illegal drugs in an effort to infiltrate
and smash drug rings in the Netherlands.
   Ballin, speaking in a special session of Parliament, said he should have kept
a closer watch over the Inter-Regional Detective Team, the IRT, and monitored
its activities more carefully.
   "I invested too much trust in the leadership of the IRT," Ballin told
Parliament, "and should have taken steps to see that they were doing their work
properly."
    While acknowledging his own mistakes, Ballin suggested that the Amsterdam
police chief and district attorney's office should share a large measure of the
blame for the IRT exceeding its mandate.
   The special session of Parliament came after the opposition Green and D-66
parties demanded a hearing over the issue following the release of a special
investigative report that was highly critical of the justice and interior
ministers over the affair.
   Ballin and Interior Minister Ed van Thijn, the Amsterdam mayor until his
Cabinet appointment earlier this year, were criticized in the report for failing
to impose proper controls on the detective team to prevent its members from
exceeding their guidelines.
   The IRT was disbanded last November after it was revealed that the group was
 purchasing illegal drugs for sale on the underground market in an effort to
infiltrate drug rings operating in the Amsterdam and Utrecht regions. The
detectives reportedly were purchasing large quantities of marijuana, hashish and
cocaine.
   The controversy over the affair, which comes weeks before the May 3
parliamentary elections, prompted Dutch Prime Minister Ruud Lubbers to cut short
his scheduled four-day trip to Indonesia Wednesday and return home to show
support for his two Cabinet ministers.
   The prime minister's ruling Christian Democrat Party faces a tough test in
the elections. Public opinion polls released Thursday showed only 30 percent of
the party's loyal voters favor Lubbers' handpicked successor, Elco Brinkman, as
the next prime minister.
    Lubbers has said he will step down after 12 years as the country's prime
minister.



RTw  04/11 1133  DANISH ILLEGAL HASH TRADERS END DRUGS LAW PROTEST

    COPENHAGEN, April 11 (Reuter) - Danish cannabis traders ended a five-day
"strike" over government drugs policy on Monday after failing to persuade
authorities to legalise the sale of hashish.
     During the strike action, dealers refused to trade hash openly as they
normally do in Christiania, the Copenhagen hippie colony, forcing regular
customers to buy supplies on the criminal hard drug market.
     The "open" soft drugs traders were hoping to illustrate their point that
legalisation of cannabis would remove criminal elements from the hashish market.
     "After receiving thousands of protests from angry customers forced to
purchase cannabis on closed drug markets, we have decided to reopen the world's
 most open, junk-free hash and pot market," a spokesman for cannabis traders at
Christiania,  said.
     Many people visit Christiania to buy marijuana on the infamous "Pusher
Street" where soft drugs are openly on sale in defiance of a ban by the Danish
authorities.
     Danish Justice Minister Erling Olsen visited the colony last week but
rejected pleas for the legalisation of hash sales in Denmark.
     Christiania is occupied by some 700 hippie squatters, who declared the
former military area an autonomous "free town" in 1971. In 1980, they kicked out
a motorcycle gang which was using the area as a centre for hard drug traffic.
  REUTER



WP   04/11       Survey Finds Teens See Little Risk in Occasional ...

 Survey Finds Teens See Little Risk in Occasional Drug Use
 By Spencer Rich
 Washington Post Staff Writer

    Large numbers of Americans do not think using cocaine, marijuana and other
drugs occasionally is a great threat to their health and find the drugs
relatively easy to obtain, the government has reported.
   Only 54 percent of youths from 12 to 17 believe using cocaine once or twice
presents a great risk, the Public Health Service reported, using figures based
on the 1992 Household Survey on Drug Abuse that was released Friday.
     And only half in that age group think smoking a pack or more of cigarettes
a
day poses a great health danger.
    Secretary of Health and Human Services Donna E. Shalala called the findings
of the survey "alarming."
    Looking at the whole population, the survey found that adults fear drug use
more than the young, but even so large numbers do not view occasional use as a
big concern.
    The survey found that a third of those 12 or older said trying cocaine once
or twice is not a great risk. A quarter said the same about heroin, and 55
percent about marijuana.
    And a third did not worry about the health risk of smoking one or more packs
of cigarettes a day.
     "People with the highest educational attainment were most likely to
perceive
great risk in smoking cigarettes but least likely to perceive great risk in
using illicit drugs," the Public Health Service said.
    Well over half the population, 59 percent, finds it easy to get marijuana,
the survey revealed, and two-fifths said cocaine is easy to get.
    These attitudes and opportunities may explain what researchers called a
"disturbing" increase in actual drug use by teenagers, reported Feb. 28 by the
University of Michigan Institute for Social Research. That survey found an
increase over the preceding two years, reversing a trend of generally declining
use of illicit drugs in the late 1970s and early 1980s.
    The Michigan researchers reported that a quarter of all 12th graders said
they were smoking marijuana compared with just over a fifth two years earlier,
 and many said they were using LSD and amphetamines and sniffing glue.



APn  04/08 1232  California Cash

Copyright, 1994. The Associated Press. All rights reserved.

By RICHARD COLE
 Associated Press Writer
   SAN FRANCISCO (AP) -- California government may be short of money, but the
state is awash in cash and experts point to drug trafficking, the state's
underground economy and instability in Asia as the likely reasons.
   Economists say the cash infusion may have partially insulated the region from
its four-year recession. But it also has cost the strapped state treasury at
least $1.8 billion a year in unreported revenue at a time when the budget
 deficit has hit $3 billion.
   Since 1990, the annual cash surplus reported by the Los Angeles branch of the
San Francisco Federal Reserve Bank has almost tripled, from $3.4 billion to $9.3
billion in 1993.
   Since 1992, the Los Angeles surplus -- the excess cash the district bank
collects from financial institutions compared to what it distributes -- has
soared past Miami's to lead the nation's 36 districts.
   Private financial institutions keep cash on hand to meet daily banking needs.
When they have too much, they send it to the district federal reserve bank for
safekeeping. Too little, and they ask the bank to send the cash back.

---
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 [11] TALK.POLITICS.DRUGS (1:375/48)  TALK.POLITICS.DRUGS 
 Msg  : #4828 [200]                                                             
 From : Paul Stanford                       1:2613/335      Sun 17 Apr 94 22:15 
 To   : All                                                                     
 Subj : Pt 6/7: Hempnews News #19                                               

   "We don't know where all our excess cash is coming from down in Southern
California," conceded district spokesman Ron Supinski.
    But law enforcement officials note the cash switch from Miami to Los Angeles
followed a similar trend in drug-trafficking.
   Tougher enforcement in Florida and the Caribbean put the squeeze on cocaine
transporters in the late 1980s, says Ralph Lockridge of the Los Angeles office
of the Drug Enforcement Administration.
   The Colombian traffickers' response was to open routes through Central
America and Mexico into the American Southwest.
   "Now a large portion of the drugs -- some say 70 percent -- come through the
Southwest," Lockridge said. "And they have also developed money-laundering
systems along the West Coast."
   Fed figures show two other Southwestern districts, El Paso and San Antonio,
are also in the top five showing cash surpluses the past four years.
    Nationally, estimates of laundered cash run as high as $100 billion.
   In the late 1980s, Colombia's Medellin cocaine cartel used Los Angeles
jewelry stores to hide drug cash in an operation they called "La Mina." Now,
investigators say money exchange houses along the Mexican border are performing
a similar task.
   Last September, Customs agents near San Diego stopped three Colombian women
and found $300,000 stuffed into special girdles.
   Analysts agree there are other legal and semi-legal sources for the cash
pouring into California.
   One of the most intriguing is California's "underground economy," a
cash-driven alternative system that eschews checks and credit cards. It includes
everything from gambling and prostitution to off-the-books sales of legitimate
 goods.
   A Wells Fargo Bank study by analyst Gary Schlossberg conservatively estimates
California's underground economy at $140 billion a year, or 18 percent of the
gross state economy. That figure is probably low, and doesn't include Northern
California's huge marijuana crop, he says.
   "You have to look at the underground economy, especially illegal immigrants
and those whose transactions tend to be cash oriented," Schlossberg said.
   California has more than half the nation's illegal immigrants, he notes. They
usually can't open bank accounts or get credit, and are often paid off the books
in cash.
   The state's weak economy also gets some blame.
   "When the economy goes south, a lot of legal transactions don't get reported
 just to avoid taxes," Schlossberg said.
   Another likely source is money flowing in from the Pacific Rim countries.
   The return of Hong Kong to China in 1997, the tension between North and South
Korea and increasing U.S. trade may be driving Asians to fly their U.S. dollars
to Los Angeles for investment or safekeeping.
   Los Angeles Customs spokesman Greg Doss says it is not unusual for Koreans to
arrive with $100,000 or more in their suitcase.
   "And large amounts of cash are brought in from Mexico to purchase goods in
the LA area," he said.



WP   04/08       Mitchell, Cabranes Said to Top High Court List; ...

Mitchell, Cabranes Said to Top High Court List; Senate Majority Leader, Hispanic
Judge Offer Clinton Choices on Opposite Ends of Spectrum
 By Joan Biskupic
 Washington Post Staff Writer

    If President Clinton chooses Senate Majority Leader George J. Mitchell
(D-Maine) for the Supreme Court, he'll get an experienced vote-dealer, a true
liberal and an example of the old-fashioned Democratic way of picking justices.
    If Clinton selects U.S. District Judge Jose Cabranes, who has more than 10
times the judicial experience of Mitchell, he'll get nearly the opposite.
 Cabranes is a 15-year trial judge in Connecticut whose judicial record is
moderate enough that the Bush administration briefly considered him for the high
court in 1990.
    While Cabranes would be the first Hispanic justice, his selection also would
follow the recent Republican pattern of elevating lower court judges to the
Supreme Court. Democratic presidents in this century were more apt to turn to
the world of politics. That may tempt Clinton, whose first choice for a high
court replacement last year was New York Gov. Mario M. Cuomo.
    Mitchell and Cabranes emerged yesterday as top names on a list of potential
successors to Justice Harry A. Blackmun, who announced Wednesday that he will
retire at the end of this term. But - as happened last year when front-runners
became also-rans - anything goes in the selection process.
    Clinton plans to have his first full discussion of the vacancy Saturday,
after he returns to Washington from a two-day midwestern trip to promote health
care reform. Some senior officials sought to counter the impression yesterday
that the White House had settled on Mitchell. They said some of the president's
advisers believe a candidate from outside the Beltway would better fulfill
Clinton's pledge to diversity the court and change the way Washington does
business.
     Numerous people are being considered, including Solicitor General Drew S.
Days III, who would be the third black justice; federal Appeals Court Judge
Richard S. Arnold, a longtime Clinton friend from Little Rock, Ark.; and federal
Appeals Court Judge Stephen G. Breyer of Boston, who was passed over at the last
minute for Ruth Bader Ginsburg last year.
     Clinton said he was searching for "someone of genuine stature and a
largeness of spirit" to replace Blackmun. As shown by his interest in Mitchell
and Cuomo last year, he appears attracted to the possibility of nominating
someone from public life.
     Mitchell, 60, would bring a different background and style to the court, as
well as a jolt of liberalism. He is against the death penalty, for abortion
rights and against prayer in public school.
    "Mitchell presents a really attractive combination of past government
experience," said Stanford University law professor Kathleen Sullivan, noting
that he had been a U.S. attorney (1977-79), a federal judge (for eight months)
and, since 1980, a U.S. senator. Mitchell, a graduate of Georgetown University
Law School, was elected Democratic majority leader five years ago in a fierce
 competition.
    "He has been in all three branches. He wins the trifecta," Sullivan said,
adding, "As (Oliver Wendell) Holmes said, `The life of the law has not been
logic; it has been experience.' "
    Little can be discerned about Mitchell through his brief tenure as a trial
judge. But his judicial philosophy has emerged in numerous floor debates and
votes.
    He disagreed with a 1990 Supreme Court ruling striking down a federal law
that banned flag burning. Yet he argued that the Congress should not react with
an amendment to the Constitution to protect the flag. "I do not believe we
should ever, under any circumstances, for any reason, amend the American Bill of
Rights. The Bill of Rights is so effective in protecting individual liberty
 precisely because of its unchanging nature. Once that is unraveled, its
effectiveness will be forever diminished," he said.
    Last month during debate on the balanced-budget amendment, which he opposed,
Mitchell noted that if it were adopted, three-fifths of each house of the
Congress would have to approve of any unbalanced budgets.
    "By enshrining in the Constitution, the fundamental law of our nation, the
principle that a minority of elected representatives can prevent action favored
by a majority, this amendment could have a far-reaching and incalculable effect
on the way this nation is governed. It tramples the fundamental idea of majority
rule."
    He led congressional efforts to reverse a series of 1989 court rulings that
narrowed the breadth of job-discrimination law and made it harder for workers to
 sue for bias. He invoked the nation's civil rights history, noting how a
quarter
century ago "America's conscience was awakened by the use of attack dogs and
fire hoses against peacefully assembled American citizens - it is discouraging
to learn that we have come so far in time but so short a distance in
understanding."
    Mitchell voted against Clarence Thomas's appointment to the high court in
1991. He also opposed Rehnquist's elevation to chief justice in 1986, asserting
that Rehnquist has "hostility ... to the rights of women and minorities,
especially black Americans."
    But Mitchell is fundamentally a consensus-builder, an intense but
soft-spoken cajoler who could influence the court's centrist justices.
    Barring any startling disclosure about Mitchell, he would likely be
 confirmed easily - a plus for Clinton in considering whom to nominate. But, one
White House official countered yesterday, "he's not the sort of justice you can
hold up to America at large and say, see what I have done for you like he does
with Ruth Bader Ginsburg," a pioneer in women's legal rights.
   Cabranes, 53, does offer Clinton an opportunity for a big statement: he would
be the first Hispanic justice.
    Cabranes, who was appointed to the trial court in 1979 by Jimmy Carter, has
a reputation as a judicial moderate with liberal leanings. He is said to
approach each case so neutrally that neither conservatives nor liberals embrace
him as their own.
    While he was widely reported to have been under serious consideration by the
Bush administration after Justice William J. Brennan Jr. retired, a former Bush
 official said yesterday that Cabranes never made "the short list of eight or
nine names." The former official said that Bush aides realized that Cabranes was
not the conservative they wanted. David H. Souter, who was chosen, has proven
himself not to be a true conservative either.
    Cabranes, a Yale Law School graduate who is chief judge on the federal
district court for Connecticut, comes across as reflective but collegial. Yale
University law professor Paul Gewirtz said, "He combines being scholarly with
being savvy."
   Although his writings reveal a pragmatic, painstaking approach to cases,
Cabranes also displays a social conscience.
    In a speech to a local civil rights conference last year, he summed up the
future rights agenda: "We all know too well that there are critical areas of
 civil rights in which advances are either threatened or remain yet to be
consolidated, most notably in matters involving privacy and sexual orientation.
We also know that, for women, victimization as a class by discriminatory laws
and social practices, and a collective failure to take sexual violence
seriously, is a vivid and palpable reality. This reality is unacceptable."
   With few exceptions, Cabranes's rulings have received little notice outside
his home state. He has been one of the most outspoken opponents of the federal
criminal sentencing guidelines, contending they rob judges of the discretion to
decide cases with concern for an individual defendant.
    Last year, when he reluctantly sentenced a man who was found guilty of
growing marijuana at his home, Cabranes said, according to the Hartford Courant:
"A sentence of five years is substantially more than is required to achieve any
 of the major purposes of a criminal sanction. (The defendant's) incarceration
... will unnecessarily burden the federal prison system ... yield no discernible
benefit to society and yield no discernible benefit to the defendant."
    Cabranes, who was born in Puerto Rico, was recently edged out for a seat on
the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 2nd Circuit, which hears cases from
Connecticut, New York and Vermont. Clinton in February nominated Guido
Calabresi, dean of the Yale Law School. That opening was considered a
Connecticut seat.
    Before Blackmun's resignation announcement this week, administration
officials said that Cabranes, who grew up in the Bronx, could yet be considered
for a New York slot on the appeals court.
  Staff writer Ann Devroy and researcher Ann O'Hanlon contributed to this
 report.


APn  04/08 0043  Drug Ads

Copyright, 1994. The Associated Press. All rights reserved.

By CAROLYN SKORNECK
 Associated Press Writer
   WASHINGTON (AP) -- Where have all the anti-drug ads gone? Time was, a night
of television wasn't complete without that guy breaking an egg into a sizzling
frying pan with the warning, "This is your brain on drugs."
   But those days are over as the public has moved on to other worries, such as
war, violent crime and the economy.
   At the same time, there have been fewer drug-related network news stories and
 television shows with anti-drug messages, while pro-drug messages from
entertainers become more numerous, say those who monitor such matters.
   There is no hard data showing the individual impact on young people of
anti-drug ads, news stories and TV programs on drug use, but some specialists
say the collective changes could be factors in a recent rise in drug use.
   A study by Lloyd Johnston of the University of Michigan found a growth in the
use of marijuana, amphetamines, LSD and inhalants such as glue, solvents and
aerosols by eighth-, 10th- and 12th-graders last year.
   Significantly, the study also revealed that students' fears about the dangers
of nearly all drugs, including cocaine, continued a decline that began in 1991.
   Johnston, who has tracked students' use of drugs for nearly two decades, said
reduced fears of drugs have led in the past to increased use. "I do think the
 pulling back of media's carrying of those ads has made a difference," he said.
   The number of anti-drug ads broadcast on the major networks declined by 29
percent from 1990 to 1993, said Steve Dnistrian of the Media-Advertising
Partnership for a Drug-Free America, which produces them and pushes TV stations
and publications to run them.
   In interviews, Johnston and Jay Winsten, director of the Center for Health
Communication at Harvard University's School of Public Health, agreed that the
changes in attitudes and rising drug use cannot be blamed solely on the drop in
anti-drug messages.
   "What we're up against is mixed messages," said Winsten, a developer of the

---
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 [11] TALK.POLITICS.DRUGS (1:375/48)  TALK.POLITICS.DRUGS 
 Msg  : #4829 [200]                                                             
 From : Paul Stanford                       1:2613/335      Sun 17 Apr 94 22:15 
 To   : All                                                                     
 Subj : Pt 7/7: Hempnews News #19                                               

designated-driver campaign to combat drunken driving. New pro-drug images "may
be more responsible for the changes in attitudes than any decrease in the number
 of anti-drug ads," he said.
   As the message on drug use was becoming mixed, the nation's attention was
diverted to other subjects.
   The number of drug-related stories on the ABC, CBS and NBC evening newscasts
last year dropped by 87 percent from 1989, when President Bush declared a war on
drugs, according to figures from the Center for Media and Public Affairs, a
private monitoring group.
   "The issue was getting heavy attention in the late '80s, until we got the
buildup to the Gulf War," Johnston said. "That knocked everything off the
screen."
   The drug issue never bounced back, he said.
   "This is a country that doesn't like to struggle with problems for too long,"
 Johnston said. When they drag on for decades, "it's easier not to think about
it."
   The nation's political leadership "for the last three to four years has not
been focusing on the issue, either," he said. "To some degree, they set the
agenda."
   People simply got tired of the issue, Dnistrian said.
   "The public has a real short attention span and so does the news media," he
said. "If there's nothing new being said, there's a tendency to move on to the
next crisis."
   TV shows often pick up story lines from the news. Accordingly, "drugs as a
theme have slowly but surely disappeared from television sitcoms and popular
shows that teen-agers watch," Dnistrian said.
    There are exceptions. Recent anti-drug story lines were featured on the
popular "Beverly Hills 90210" and the new program, "The Byrds of Paradise." Both
air early in prime time.
   But other entertainers, including popular rock and rap groups, have been
celebrating the joys of drugs.
   "I like to get high, high, high," intones Cyprus Hill, a rap group that
supports legalizing marijuana.
   The rock group Guns N' Roses sings about shooting up drugs, while Nirvana --
whose lead singer Kurt Cobain recently suffered a brief coma brought on by
mixing a large dose of tranquilizers with champagne -- sings about sniffing
glue.
   Nirvana's lyrics do acknowledge a down side to the high: "We'll float around
 and hang out on clouds, then we'll come down and have a hangover."



APn  04/14 0535  BRF--Elderly-Drugs

Copyright, 1994. The Associated Press. All rights reserved.

   HOUSTON (AP) -- An 82-year-old woman who authorities say ran a "major league"
drug operation was sentenced to two years in prison.
   Sally Evans Hubbard, a great-grandmother known as "Big Mama," leaned on her
walker Wednesday as she pleaded guilty to drug possession and delivery.
   Ms. Hubbard, who has diabetes and high blood pressure, could have gotten 20
years.
   She was accused of selling marijuana and anti-anxiety tablets to an
undercover officer in July. A search of her home turned up 30 pounds of
 marijuana and more than 2,000 painkiller, anti-depressant and muscle relaxant
pills.
   Ms. Hubbard, who has more than 70 grandchildren and great-grandchildren,
operated a "major league candy store when it comes to drugs," prosecutor Bill
Hawkins said.


APn  04/13 1808  Puerto Rico-Drugs

Copyright, 1994. The Associated Press. All rights reserved.

By PATRICK REYNA
 Associated Press Writer
   MIAMI (AP) -- A dozen people were arrested Wednesday in what federal agents
called a crackdown on the latest trend in drug trafficking: bringing drugs into
the United States mainland through Puerto Rico.
   The ring, with branches in Miami and San Juan, made use of aliases, speed
boats and fake record-keeping to hide its activities, according to a federal
indictment made public Wednesday.
    The smugglers dropped cocaine and marijuana shipments off the coast of
Puerto
Rico, where others picked up the cargo and brought it ashore, the indictment
alleges. Once the shipments were in Puerto Rico, the ring used people to ferry
the drugs to the mainland.
   "Puerto Rico is particularly attractive to smugglers because it is U.S.
territory and shipments from here to the continental United States -- whether
they be cargo containers, mail or even Federal Express packages -- are not
subject to customs checks," said William Mitchell, agent in charge of the Drug
Enforcement Administration's San Juan office.
   Agents began noticing the problem in 1988, "and it's been increasing and
increasing since then," said Jim Shedd, an agency spokesman in Miami.
   The ring primarily smuggled cocaine in shipments ranging from 394 pounds to
 2,200 pounds, the indictment said. It also allegedly smuggled a 3,000-pound
load
of marijuana into the country.
   The smugglers once hid their cocaine in boxes of shampoo that were dropped at
a Miami warehouse, and then moved to a horse farm, where agents seized the
drugs.
   DEA agents arrested four suspects in the Miami area; eight others were
arrested in Puerto Rico.
   Five others named in the indictment remained at large.
   The indictment includes charges of conspiracy to import and importation with
intent to distribute cocaine.
   Puerto Rico Gov. Pedro Rossello has asked the Clinton administration to
include the island in a federal program that targets high-density drug
 trafficking areas. New York, Miami, Washington-Baltimore and Los Angeles
already
have received that distinction.
   "We are a source island for so much of the cocaine that gets to those
places," Mitchell said. "If we don't stop it in Puerto Rico, certainly we won't
be able to stop it in those high-density drug areas."


RTw  04/13 1058  MOROCCAN POLICE SEIZE 1.6 TONNES OF CANNABIS

    RABAT, April 13 (Reuter) - Moroccan police seized 1.6 tonnes of cannabis
resin near the central town of Fez on Wednesday, the official news agency MAP
reported.
     MAP said the drug, with an estimated street value of 20 million dirhams
($2.1 million), was hidden in a Mercedes vehicle. The driver and his accomplice
escaped before police arrived, it added.
    In 1993 an estimated 130 tonnes of hashish and canabis resin were seized in
Morocco, mainly near the ports of Tangier and Casablanca.
  REUTER


RTna 04/12 0906  MARIJUANA -- A CAMBODIAN SURPRISE FOR TOURISTS

    By Aaron Patrick
     PHNOM PENH (Reuter) - Marijuana, illegal in most countries, is a
traditional medicine and cooking herb in Cambodia -- and an increasingly popular
attraction for surprised foreign backpackers.
     "It's completely legal here," says 32-year-old Werner Heisel, a visiting
German.
     "The Cambodians call it the poor man's smoke -- and if you bargain hard one
kilo (2.2 pounds) goes for one or two dollars. But not many Western tourists
come for the drugs. It's too early, hardly any foreigners know about it," he
told Reuters.
      Locally-grown marijuana is widely and legally available at markets and
street stalls throughout the country.
     Marijuana has traditionally been used as medicine, as a relaxant and
appetite stimulant and as a herb in some dishes. The wispy plant with
star-shaped leaves is grown by farmers throughout Cambodia.
     "It is smoked to feel happy and to go to sleep and allow you to eat a lot,"
says Aah Joy, a grandmother who claims she has been selling marijuana since
1929.
     "Twenty cigarettes (of marijuana) costs 1000 riel (U.S. 40 cents). As many
Cambodians buy it as foreigners but I don't touch it. It is like a wine. Some
people have it and some people don't," she says.
     Cambodia's barely-functioning legal system, destroyed by 20 years of war,
 bloody revolution and corruption, has laws against drugs such as heroin and
opium but details of prosecutions on drugs charges were not available.
     Local police said there were no plans to criminalize marijuana use.
    "It's a tradition. Some police use it as a medicine and some mix tobacco
with it," says Captain Sao Sophal, a police criminal investigator in Phnom Penh.
     The tourism industry is making a shaky recovery as infrastructure and
security gradually improve after the dark decades of war and isolation. There
are now an average of 10,000 visitors a month, mostly from Japan, Australia,
Europe and the United States.
     Many of the visitors are the younger backpack breed, delighted by the
exotic country and friendly people and surprised to see marijuana so readily
available.
      The Tourism Ministry says visitors come to see the impressive range of
ancient temples and historical monuments but officials admit the discovery of
marijuana does seem to brighten some holidays.
     "They don't come to Cambodia for that purpose. They come and if they find
some and want to taste it they do," explains Undersecretary of Tourism Chenda
Sok.
     Some enterprising Cambodians have been quick to cash in on the arrival of
the backpackers and their fondness for marijuana.
     One pizza restaurant in the capital even offers special selections with the
drug sprinkled on top of the dish along with the usual herbs, salami and cheese.
     Heisel predicted that more young tourists would arrive in Cambodia as word
spread of the easily availability of marijuana but he doubted the country would
 ever turn into an international drugs trade center. The quality of the local
product is just not up to scratch, he said.
     "Cambodian marijuana quality is supposed to be one of the best but I think
the number one quality goes to Thailand. Maybe one or two people will try to
export to Europe but I have never met anybody who does," he said.
  REUTER


UPwe 04/15 1812  ca-knives

   Schoolchildren claim right to carry knives
   FRESNO, Calif., April 15 (UPI) -- The American Civil Liberties Union filed
suit Friday on behalf of three Sikh elementary school children who were
suspended earlier this year for wearing ceremonial knives under their clothing.
   The lawsuit, filed in federal court, accused the Livingston Union School
District of violating the children's constitutional rights by refusing to allow
them to wear kirpans, small sacred knives that Sikhs are required to wear at all
times, at school.
   Sikhs are members of a Hindu religious sect founded in India.
   Rajinder Singh Cheema, Jaspreet Singh Cheema and Kukhjinder Kaur Cheema were
 suspended in January after they refused stop wearing their kirpans.
   District officials objected to the kirpans under school policies forbidding
weapons on school grounds.
   "We and the Sikh community are concerned about preventing school violence,"
said Stephen V. Bomse, an attorney representing the children. "However,
permitting these children to practice their religion in no way compromises that
objective."
   The lawsuit is an early test of a new federal law, the Religious Freedom
Restoration Act of 1993, approved by Congress in reaction to a U.S. Supreme
Court decision permitting states to enforce laws that ban practices used in
religious ceremonies that would otherwise be illegal -- such as smoking
marijuana or carrying a weapon -- as long as the laws are not aimed specifically
 at religion.

---
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 [14] TALK.POLITICS.DRUGS (1:375/48)  TALK.POLITICS.DRUGS 
 Msg  : #5440 [200]                                                             
 From : maxwell                             1:2613/335      Tue 26 Apr 94 22:30 
 To   : All                                                                     
 Subj : FOUND: High Times' Email address!                                       

From: maxwell@deep-13.gizmo.com
Organization: Gizmonics Institute Inc.



From page six of the June 1994 issue of _High Times_:

   "...Our new production manager, Hugh Haggerty, and News Editor Bill
    Weinberg have finally gotten us off of our collective butts and into
    the 21st century by hooking us into the Internet. ... Our email
    address is: hightimes@igc.apc.org."



herbally.max
coord.imi
mmonningh@igc.apc.org

---
 * Origin: COBRUS - Usenet-to-Fidonet Distribution System (1:2613/335.0)

 [12] NORML (1:375/48)  NORML 
 Msg  : #5855 [210]                                                             
 From : Carl Olsen                          1:290/2         Wed 04 May 94 18:08 
 To   : Shawn Daudel                                                            
 Subj : Re: Green religions                                                     

 > CO> Shawn,
 > CO> The church I was referring to was the Ethiopian Zion Coptic Church,
 > CO> which   uses marijuana as a sacrament.  The church believes that
 > CO> the leaves of the tree (marijuana) were given for the
 > CO> healing of the nations.  I no longer belong to this church,
 > CO> because one of the tenets of the church is that the members
 > CO> must smoke marijuana.  I haven't smoked marijuana for
 > CO> almost four years.  Marijuana is one of the herbs mentioned
 > CO> in the Bible,  Genesis 1:29, when God said, "Behold, I have
 > CO> given you every herb bearing  seed..."
 > CO> Carl E. Olsen
 >
 > Interesting. I'm surprised you didn't remain a member and exercise your
 > rights to smoke pot via your religious beliefs. That's just as valid as any
 > reason. I know you don't smoke but since this would provide an avenue to
 > facilitate your own means, why not take advantage of it?
 >

Shawn:

     I've already been through the courts with my free exercise of religion
claim.  See Olsen v. DEA, 878 F.2d 1458 (D.C. Cir. 1989), cert. denied, 110
S.Ct. 1926 (1990); and "Marijuana as a Holy Sacrament" by Cynthia S. Mazur,
Volume 5, Notre Dame Journal of Law, Ethics & Public Policy, Issue Number 3,
1991, pages 693-727.  I've also exhausted all my judicial remedies at the state
level in Iowa, and in the Eighth Circuit of the U.S. Court of Appeals.  Right
now, I'm watching two situations very carefully.  There's a Coptic priest in
Wisconsin who is appealing his conviction for cultivation of thirty marijuana
plants, and there's a group in Arkansas by the name of "Our Church" which
planted its first marijuana crop in May 1, 1994.  You can reach the Coptic at
608-734-3886,  and you can reach Our Church at 800-937-4727.

                                        Carl E. Olsen

--- Tabby 3.0
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