                                   REFERENCES
        
        Adams, J.S. (1963).  Toward an understanding of inequity.
             Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 47, 421-436.
        Adams, J.S., & Jacobson, P.R. (1964).  Effects of wage inequities
             on work quality.  Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology,
             69, 19-25.
        Adams, J.S., & Rosenbaum, N.E. (1962).  The relationship of       
             worker productivity to cognitive dissonance about wage 
             inequities.  Journal of Applied Psychology, 46, 161-164.
        Adams, J.C. (1968).  The relative effects of various testing
             atmospheres on spontaneous flexibility, a factor of
             divergent thinking.  Journal of Creative Behavior, 2, 187-
             193.
        Adler, A. (1939).  Social interest.  New York: Putnam.
        Adler, A. (1964).  Superiority and social interests: A collection
             of later writings, H.L. & R.R. Ansbacher (eds.), Evanston,
             Illinois: Northwestern University Press.
        Allport, G., & Vernon, P.E. (1933).  Studies in expressive
             movement.  New York: MacMillan.
        Allport, G. (1961).  Pattern and growth in personality.  New
             York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
        Amsel, A. (1958).  The role of frustrative nonreward in non-
             continuous reward situations.  Psychological Bulletin, 55,
             102-119.  
        Anderson, H.H. (1959).  Creativity and its cultivation.  New
             York: Harper & Row.
        Anderson, S., & Rodin, J. (1989).  Is bad news always bad?  Cue
             and feedback effects on intrinsic motivation.  Journal of
             Applied Social Psychology, 19, 449-467.
        Andrews, I.R. (1967).  Wage inequity and job performance: An
             experimental study.  Journal of Applied Psychology, 51, 39-
             49.
        Anshen, R. (1942).  Science and man.  New York: Harcourt,         
            Brace, & World.
        Ardrey, R. (1966).  The territorial imperative. New York:
             Atheneum.
        Argyris, C. (1962).  Interpersonal competence and organizational
             effectiveness.  Homewood, Illinois: Irwin-Dorsey.
        Argyris, C. (1965).  Organization and innovation.  Homewood, Ill:
             Irwin.
        Aronson, E., & Carlsmith, J.M. (1962).  Performance expectancy    
             as a determinant of actual performance.  Journal of Abnormal 
             and Social Psychology, 66, 178-182.
        Aronson, E., & Darley, J.M. (1963).  The effects of expectancy on
             volunteering for an unpleasant experience.  Journal of       
             Abnormal and Social Psychology, 3, 220-234.
        Asch, S.E. (1956).  Studies of independence and conformity, 
             Psychology Monograph, 70, 416.
        Asch, S.E. (1952).  Social psychology.  Englewood Cliffs, N.J.:
             Prentice-Hall.
        Atkinson, J.W. (1964).  An introduction to motivation.            
             Princeton, N.J.: Van Nostrand.
        Atkinson, J.W., & Litwin, G.H. (1960).  Achievement motive and 
             test anxiety conceived of as a motive to approach success
             and to avoid failure.  Journal of Personality and Social     
             Psychology, 60, 52-63.
        Bandler, R., & Grinder, J. (1979).  Frogs into princes.  Moab,    
             Utah: Real People Press.
        Bandler, R., & Grinder, J. (1982).  Reframing. Real People Press.
        Bandura, A., Ross, D., & Ross, S.A. (1963).  Imitation of film-
             mediated aggressive models.  Journals of Abnormal and Social
             Psychology, 66, 3-11.
        Bandura, A., & Walters, R.H. (1963).  Social learning and
             personality development.  New York: Holt, Rinehart &         
             Winston.
        Baron, R.M. (1966).  Social reinforcement effects as a function
             of social reinforcement history.  Psychological Review, 73,
             527-539.
        Baron, R.M. (1968).  Attitude change through discrepant action: A
             functional analysis.  In A.G. Greenwalt, T.C. Brock, and
             R.H. Ostrow, (Eds.), Psychological Foundations of Attitudes.
             New York: Academic Press.
        Bem, D.J. (1970).  Beliefs, values and human affairs.  Wadsworth,
             Calif.: Brooks-Cole. 
        Benedict, R. (1970).  Synergy in society.  American               
             Anthropologist, 15, 15-20.
        Berger, S., & Lambert, W.W. (1968).  Stimulus-response theory in
             contemporary social psychology.  In G. Lindzey and E.        
             Aronson, (Eds.), Handbook of Social Psychology. Reading, 
             Mass.: Addison-Wesley.
        Bergson, H. (1944).  Creative evolution.  New York: Modern        
             Library.
        Berkowitz, L. (1962).  Aggression: A social psychological         
             analysis.  New York: McGraw-Hill.
        Berlyne, D. (1960).  Conflict, arousal and curiosity.  New York:
             McGraw-Hill.
        Blodgett, H.C. (1929).  The effect of the introduction of reward  
             upon the maze performance of rats.  University of Colorado
             Publications in Psychology, 4, 113-134.
        Boggiano, A.K., & Katz, D.S. (1991).  Mastery motivation in boys
             and girls: The role of intrinsic versus extrinsic 
             motivation.  Sex-Roles, 25, 511-520.
        Boggiano, A., & Barrett, M. (1992).  Gender differences in        
             depression in children as a function of motivational
             orientation.  Sex-Roles, 26, 11-17.
        Brehm, J.W., & Cohen, A.R. (1962).  Explorations in cognitive
             dissonance.  New York: John Wiley. 
        Brookover, W.B., & Thomas, S. (1963-64).  Self-concept of ability
             and school achievement.  Sociology of Education, 37, 27-28.
        Brown, J.S. (1952).  Problems presented by the concept of         
             acquired drive.  Current theory in research in motivation.
             Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Press.Brown, J.S. (1961)
             McGraw-Hill.
        Buhler, C., & Massarik, F. (eds), The course of human life: A
             study of life goals in the humanistic perspective.  New 
             York: Springer.
        Burdick, H.A., & Byrnes, A.J. (1958).  A test of "strain" toward
             "symmetry" theories.  Journal of Abnormal and Social         
             Psychology, 57, 367-370.
        Cannon, W.G., (1932).  Wisdom and the body.  New York:            
             Norton.  
        Cellar, D.F., & Wade, K. (1988).  Effect of behavioral modeling
             on intrinsic motivation and script-related recognition.
             Journal of Applied Psychology, 73, 181-192.
        Chenault, J. (1969).  A philosophical premise for theory and 
             research, in A. Sutich, (ed.), Readings in Humanistic
             Psychology, New York: Free Press.
        Coch, L., & French, J.R.P. (1948).  Overcoming resistance to
             change.  Human Relations, 1, 512-523.
        Cofer, C.N., & Appley, M.H. (1964).  Motivation: Theory and
             Research.  New York: John Wiley.
        Cohen, J. (1969).  Secondary motivations.  Chicago: Rand          
             McNally.
        Collins, B.E., & Guetzkow, H. (1964).  A social psychology of     
             group processes for decision making.  New York: John Wiley.
        Copa, G.; Daines, J.; Ernst, L.; Knight, J.; Leske, G.; Persico,  
             J.; Plihal, J.; and Scholl, S. (1985). Purpose of vocational 
             education in the secondary school.  St. Paul: University of  
             Minnesota, 1985.  
        Cottrell, N., Rittle, B., & Wack, E. (1967).  The presence of an
             audience and list type as joint determinants of performance  
             in paired-associate learning.  Journal of Personality, 35,
             425-434.
        Cowles, J.T. (1937).  Food taken as incentives for learning by
             chimpanzees.  Comparative Psychological Monographs, 14,5,
             Whole No. 71.  
        Cravens, R.V., & Renner, K.E., (1969).  Conditioned hunger.
             Journal of Experimental Psychology, 81, 312-316.
        Cummin, P. (1967). TAT correlates of executive performance.
             Journal of Applied Psychology, 51, 78-81.
        Darley, J.M., & Berscheid, E. (1967).  Increased liking as a 
             result of the anticipation of personal contact.  Human
             Relations, 20, 29-40.
        D'Arcy, M.C. (1947).  The mind and heart of love.  New York:
             Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
        Davies, J. (1967).  Toward a theory of revolution.  American
             Sociological Review, 27, 5-19.
        deCharms, R. (1968).  Personal causation: The internal affective
             determinant of behavior.  New York: Academic Press.
        Deci, E.L. (1987).  Theories and paradigms, constructs and 
             operations: Intrinsic motivation research is already
             exciting.  Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 2,
             177-185.
        Dember, W.N., & Earl, R.W. (1975).  Analysis of exploratory,
             manipulatory and curiosity behaviors.  Psychological Review,
             64, 91-96.
        Dembo, D. (1961).  Psychosomatic diagnosis.  New York: Oxford
             University Press. 
        Denmark, F., & Guttening, M. (1967).  Dissonance in the self-     
             concepts and educational concepts of college and non-college
             oriented women.  Journal of Counseling Psychology, 61, 138-  
             40.
        Dermer, M., & Berscheid, E. (1972).  Self-report of arousal as an
             indicant of activation level.  Behavioral Science, 17, 420-
             29.
        Dewey, J. (1939).  Theory of valuation.  Chicago: University of
             Press.
        Diaz-Soto, L. (1989).  Relationship between home environment and
             and intrinsic versus extrinsic orientation of higher         
             achieving and lower achieving Puerto Rican children.
             Educational Research Quarterly, 13, 22-36.
        Dolke, A.M., & Srivastava, P.K. (1988).  Need satisfaction, job
             involvement and intrinsic motivation: A factor analytic 
             study.  Indian Journal of Applied Psychology, 25, 13-17.
        Dollard, J., Doob, L.W., Miller, N.E., Mowrer, O.H., & Sears,     
             R.R. (1939).  Frustration and aggression.  New Haven: Yale
             University Press. 
        Domino, G. (1963).  Maternal personality correlates of sons' 
             creativity.  Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,
             6, 279-290.
        Drucker, P.F. (1939).  The end of economic man.  New York:        
             Day.  
        Druckman, D.  (1967).  Dogmatism, renegotiation experience and
             simulated group representation as determinants of dyadic
             behavior in a bargaining situation.  Journal of Personality
             and Social Psychology, 6, 279-290.  
        Eastman, M. (1928).  The enjoyment of poetry.  New York: 
             Scribners.
        Eckhardt, W., & Newcombe, A.G. (1969).  Militarism,               
             personality, and other social attitudes.  Journal of
             Conflict Resolutions, 13, 210-219.
        Einstein, A., & Infeld, L. (1938).  The evolution of physics.
             New York: Simon and Shuster.
        Eisenberger, R. (1972).  Explanation of rewards that do not
             meet tissue needs.  Psychological Bulletin, 77, 319-329.
        Engel, J.W. (1985).  Protestant work ethics: A comparison of      
             American and Japanese working men.  Paper presented at the   
             Annual Conference of the American Psychological Association  
             (Los Angeles, CA, August 1985). 
        Enzle, M.E., Roggeveen, J.P., & Look, S.C. (1991).  Self -        
             versus other-reward administration and intrinsic motivation. 
             Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 25, 468-479.
        Erikson, E. (1959).  Identity and the life cycle.  New York:
             International Universities Press.
        Erlich, H., & Lee, D. (1969).  Dogmatism, learning, and           
             resistance to change: A new paradigm.  Psychological
             Bulletin, 71, 249-265.
        Etlinger, L.E. (1990).  Minority issues in vocational education.
             Illinois Schools Journal, 70, 37-48.
        Fair, E.M., & Silvestri, L. (1992).  Effects of rewards, 
             competition and outcome on intrinsic motivation.
             Journal of Instructional Psychology, 19, 3-8.
        Feather, N.T. (1967).  An expectancy of success to need 
             achievement and test anxiety.  Journal of Personality and
             Social Psychology, 1, 118-126.
        Feshbach, S., & Singer, R.D. (1971). Television and aggression.
             San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
        Festinger, L.A. (1954).  A theory of social comparison 
             processes.  Human Relations, 7, 117-140.
        Festinger, L.A. (1957).  Theory of cognitive dissonance.
             Evanston, Ill.: Row, Peterson, & Co.
        Festinger, L.A., Schacter, S., & Back, K. (1950).  Social
             pressures in informal groups: A study of human factors
             in housing. New York: Harper & Row.
        Fillenbaum, S., & Jackman, A. (1961).  Dogmatism and anxiety in
             relation to problem solving: An extension of Rokeach's       
             results.  Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 63,
             212-214.
        Finkelman, J.M., & Glass, D. (1970).  Reappraisal of the 
             relationship between noise and human performance by means
             of a subsidiary task measure.  Journal of Applied
             Psychology, 54, 211-213.
        Fiske, D.W., & Maddi, S.R. (1961).  The functions of varied
             experience.  Homewood, Ill.: Dorsey.
        Frankl, V. (1969).  The will to meaning.  New York: World 
             Publishing.
        Freud, S. (1933).  New introductory lectures on psychoanalysis.
             New York:  W.W. Norton.
        Freud, S. (1920).  General introduction to psychoanalysis.  
             New York: Boni and Liveright.
        Fromm, E. (1941).  Escape from freedom.  New York: Farrar,
             Straus & Girioux. 
        Fromm, E. (1947).  Man for himself.  New York: Holt, Rinehart     
             and Winston.
        Fromm, E. (1964).  The heart of man.  New York: Harper &          
             Row.
        Gailbreath, J., & Cummings, L. (1967).  An empirical              
             investigation of the determinants of task performance: 
             Interactive effects between instrumentality-valence 
             and motivational-ability.  Organizational Behavior and
             and Human Performance, 2, 237-257.
        Georgopoulos, B.S., Mahoney, G.M., & Jones, N.W. (1957).  A
             path-goal approach to productivity.  Journal of Applied
             Psychology, 41, 345-353.
        Getzels, J.W., & Jackson, P.W. (1962).  Creativity and 
             intelligence.  New York: John Wiley.    
        Glanzer, M. (1953).  The role of stimulus satiation in            
             spontaneous alternation.  Journal of Experimental            
             Psychology, 45, 387-393.
        Glass, D.C. (1972). Theories of consistency and the study of
             personality.  In E.F. Borgatta and W.W. Lambert (Eds.),
             Handbook of personality theory and research.  Chicago:
             Rand McNally.
        Goldfarb, W. (1945).  Psychological privation in infancy and
             subsequent adjustment.  American Journal of Orthopsychiatry,
             15, 247-255.
        Goldstein, K. (1939).  The organism.  New York: American Book.
        Goldstein, K. (1940).  Human nature.  Cambridge, Mass: Harvard
             University Press.
        Goodman, P., Rose, J.H., & Furcon, J.E. (1970).  Comparison of
             motivational antecedents of the work performance of
        scientists
             and engineers.  Journal of Applied Psychology, 54, 491-495.
        Goodrich, K.P. (1959).  Performance in different segments of an
             instrumental response chain as a function of reinforcement
             schedule.  Journal of Experimental Psychology, 57, 57-63.
        Grant, P.C. (1982).  Why employee motivation has declined in 
             America.  Personnel Journal, 61, 905-909.
        Grossman, S.P. (1967).  A textbook of physiological psychology.
             New York: John Wiley.
        Guetzkow, H. (1965).  The creative person in organizations.  In
             G. Steiner (Ed.), The creative organization.  Chicago:
             University of Chicago Press.
        Hackman, J.R., & Porter, L. (1968).  Expectancy theory            
             predictions of work effectiveness.  Organizational Behavior
             and Human Performance, 3, 417-426.
        Haggard, D.F. (1959).  Acquisition of a simple running response  
             as a function of partial and continuous schedules of 
             reinforcement.  Psychological Record, 9, 11-18.
        Hamilton, S.F. (1990).  Linking school learning with learning on  
             the Job.  Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the       
             American Educational Research Association (Boston, MA,       
             April).
        Harackiewicz, J.M., Abrahams, S., & Wageman, R. (1987). 
             Performance evaluation and intrinsic motivation: The effects
             of evaluative focus, rewards, and achievement orientation.
             Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 1015-1023.
        Harlow, H.F. (1950).  Learning motivation by a manipulation       
             drive.  Journal of Exceptional Psychology, 40, 228-234.    
        Harlow, H.F. (1953).  Motivation factor in the acquisition of new
             responses, in R.M. Jones (ed.)., Current theory and research
             motivation, Lincoln, Neb: University of Nebraska Press.
        Harlow, H.F. (1962).  The heterosexual affectional system in  
             monkeys.  American Psychologist, 17, 1-9.
        Harlow, H.F. (1950).  Learning motivated by a manipulation drive.
             Journal of Exceptional Psychology, 40, 228-234.
        Harlow, H.F. (1964).  Maternal behavior in socially deprived 
             rhesus monkeys.  Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 69, 345-
             355.
        Harlow, H.F., & Harlow, M.K., (1965).  The affectional systems, 
             in A.M. Schrier, and F. Stollnitz, (eds.)  Behavior of
             Non-Human Primates, Vol 2., New York: Academic Press.
        Harlow, H.F., & Harlow, M.K., (1966).  Learning to love,
             American Scientist, 54, 244-272.
        Harlow, H.F., & Harlow, M.K., (1962).  Social deprivation in
             monkeys.  Scientific American, 207, 136-144.
        Harlow, H. (1953).  Motivation as a factor in the acquisition
             of new responses.  Organizational Behavior and Human
             Performances, 3, 24-59.
        Harlow, H., & Zimmerman, R. (1959).  Affectional responses in     
             the infant monkey.  Science, 130, 421-432.
        Hedges, J.N. (1983).  Job Commitment in America: Is It Waxing     
             or Waning?  Monthly Labor Review, 106, 17-24.
        Helson, H. (1964).  Adaptation-level theory: An experimental and
             systematic approach to behavior.  New York: Harper & Row.
        Herzberg, F. (1966).  Work and the nature of man.  New York:
             World Publishing.
        Hill, W.F. (1968).  An attempted clarification of frustration 
             theory.  Psychological Review, 75, 173-176.
        Hoffman, L.R., Harburg, R.E., & Maier, N.R.F. (1962).             
             Differences and disagreements in creative group problem-
             solving.  Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 75, 
             206-214.Holz, W.C., & Azrin, N. (1961).  Discriminative properties
             punishment.  Journal of Experimental Analysis of Behavior,   
             4, 225-232.
        Homans, G. (1950).  The human group.  New York: Harcourt          
             Brace Jovanovich.
        Horney, K. (1937).  The neurotic personality of our time.
             New York: Norton.
        Horney, K. (1950).  Neurosis and human growth.  New York:         
             Norton.
        Howells, T.H. (1945).  The obsolete dogma of heredity, 
             Psychology Review, 52, 23-34.
        Howells, T.H., & Vine, D.O. (1940).  The innate differential in
             social learning.  Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 35, 537-   
             548.
        Hull, C.L. (1931).  Goal attraction and directing ideas conceived
             as habit phenomena.  Psychological Review, 38, 487-506.
        Hull, C.L. (1930).  Knowledge and purpose as habit mechanisms.
             Psychological Review, 37, 511-525.
        Hull, C.L. (1943).  Principles of behavior.  New York: Appleton-
             Century-Croft.
        Hull, C.L. (1952).  Essentials of behavior.  New Haven: Yale
             University.
        Hull, C.L. (1952).  A behavior system: An introduction to         
             behavior theory covering the individual organism.  New  
             Haven: Yale University Press.
        Huxley, A. (1944).  The perennial philosophy.  New York: Harper
             & Row.
        Isaacson, R., Hutt, M., & Blum, M.L. (1965).  The science of
             behavior.  New York: Harper & Row.
        James, W. (1943).  The varieties of religious experience.  New
             York: Modern Library.
        Jordan, N. (1953).  Behavioral forces that are a function of 
             attitudes and cognitive organization.  Human Relations, 22,
             51-66.
        Kardiner, A. (1941).  The traumatic neuroses of war.  New York:
             Hoeber.
        Karsh, E. B. (1962).  Effects of number of rewarded trials and 
             intensity of punishment on running speed.  Journal of
             Personality and Social Psychology, 21, 101-111.
        Kaufman, H. (1970).  Aggression and altruism: A social
             psychological analysis.  New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
        Klee, J.B., (1951).  Problems of selective behavior.  Lincoln,
             Neb.: University of Nebraska Studies, Series No. 7.
        Koestner, R., Weinberger, J., & McClelland, D.C. (1991).
             Task-intrinsic and social-extrinsic sources of arousal for
             motives assessed in fantasy and self-report.  Journal of
             Personality, 59, 57-82.
        Koestner, R., Zuckerman, M., & Koestner, J. (1987).  Praise,
             involvement, and intrinsic motivation.  Journal of           
             Personality, 53, 383-390.
        Kogan, N., & Wallach, M. (1967).  Risky-shift phenomenon in       
             small decision-making groups: A test of the information      
             exchange hypothesis.  Journal of Experimental Social         
             Psychology, 3, 75-84.
        Kohler, W. (1938).  The place of values in a world of facts.
             New York: Liveright.
        Kohn, A. (1987).  Art for art's sake.  Psychology Today, 21, 52-  
             57.
        Korman, A.K. (1963).  Selective perception among first-line
             supervisors.  Personnel Administration, 26, 31-36.
        Korman, A.K. (1966).  Self-esteem variable in vocational choice.
             Journal of Applied Psychology, 50, 479-486.
        Korman, A.K. (1967).  Self-esteem as a moderator of the           
             relationship between self-perceived abilities and 
             vocational choice.  Journal of Applied Psychology, 51,
             65-67.
        Korman, A.K. (1967).  Ethical judgments, self-perceptions and
             vocational choice.  75th Annual Convention, American
             Psychological Association, Washington, D.C. (b).
        Korman, A.K. (1968).  Self-esteem, social influence and task
             performance: Some tests of a theory.  Paper presented at the 
             meeting of the American Psychology Association, San          
             Francisco.
        Korman, A.K. (1970).  Toward an hypothesis of work behavior.
             Journal of Applied Psychology, 6, 593-613.
        Korman, A.K. (1971).  Organizational achievement, aggression and
             creativity: Some suggestions toward an integrated theory.
             Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 6, 593-613.
        Korman, A.K. (1971).  Industrial and organizational psychology.
             Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall.
        Korman, A.K. ( 1974). The psychology of motivation.  Englewood
             Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall.   
        Kristol, I. (1987). The spirit of '87. Public-Interest, 86, 3-9. 
        Kuo, Z.Y. (1921).  Cognitive determinants of achieving behavior.
             Journal of Philosophy, 18, 645-666.
        Lacey, J.L. (1950).  Individual differences in somatic response
             patterns.  Journal of Comparative and Physiological          
             Psychology, 43, 338-350. 
        Lankard, B.A. (1987). Practice of ethical behavior: Work maturity 
              skills series competency 4.0.  Columbus:  The National      
              Center for Research in Vocational Education, The Ohio State 
              University. 
        Laski, M. (1962).  Ecstasy.  Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana           
              University Press.
        Lawler, E., & Porter, L. (1967).  Antecedent attitudes of         
             effective managerial performance.  Organizational Behavior
             and Human Performance, 2, 122-142.
        Lawson, R. (1965).  Frustration: The study of a concept.  New
             York: Macmillan Company.
        Levitan, S.A., & Gallo, F. (1992).  Spending to save: Expanding   
             employment opportunities.  Occasional Paper 1991-2.
             George Washington Univ., Washington, D.C. Center for Social  
             Policy Studies.
        Levy, D.M. (1934).  Experiments on the sucking reflex and social
             behavior of dogs.  American Journal of Orthopsychiatry,
             4, 203-234.
        Levy, D.M. (1951).  The deprived and indulged forms of psycho-
             pathic personality.  American Journal of Orthopsychiatry,
             21, 250-254.
        Lewin, K. (1935).  Dynamic theories of personality.  New York:
             McGraw-Hill.
        MacLeish, A. (1954).  The hamlet of A. MacLeish.  New York:       
             Houghton Mifflin.
        Maddi, S. (1968).  Personalities theories: A comparative
             appraisal.  Homewood, Ill.: Dorsey.
        Maguire, T.O. (1982). Opinions of Alberta Students Towards        
             Work. Alberta Journal of Educational Research, 28, 226-47.
        Maier, N.R.F., (1949).  Frustration: The study of behavior        
             without a goal.  New York: McGraw-Hill.
        Maier, N.R.F., (1939). Studies of abnormal behavior in the rat.
             New York: Harper & Row.
        Maier, N.R.F., & Hoffman, L.R. (1961).  Organization and          
             creative problem solving.  Journal of Applied Psychology,
             45, 277-280.
        Mann, S. (1987).  Triggers: A new approach to self-motivation.
             Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall.
        Maslow, A.H. ( 1935).  Appetites and hunger in animal             
             motivation.  Journal of Comparative Psychology, 20, 75-83.
        Maslow, A.H. (1937).  The influence of familiarization on 
             preference.  Journal of Exceptional Psychology, 2, 9-18.
        Maslow, A.H. ( 1957). Power relationships and patterns of  
             personal development, in A. Kornhauser, (ed.) Problems
             of Power in American Democracy.  Detroit: Wayne University.
        Maslow, A.H. (1957).  A philosophy of psychology, in J.           
             Fairchild, (ed.), Personal Problems and Psychological
             Frontiers, New York: Sheridan.
        Maslow, A.H. (1958).  Emotional blocks to creativity, Journal of
             Individual Psychology, 14, 51-56.
        Maslow, A.H. (1959).  New knowledge in human values.  New         
             York: Harper & Row.
        Maslow, A.H. (1962).  Lessons from the peak-experiences.          
             Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 2, 9-18.
        Maslow, A.H. (1964).  Synergy in the society and in the           
             individual.  Journal of Individual Psychology, 20, 153-164.
        Maslow, A.H. (1964).  Religions, values, and peak experiences.
             Columbus, Ohio: Ohio State University Press.
        Maslow, A.H. (1965).  Criteria for judging needs to be            
             instinctoid, in M.R. Jones (ed.), Human Motivation: A
             Symposium, Lincoln, Nebraska: Univ. Of Nebraska Press.
        Maslow, A.H. (1965).  Eupsychian management: A journal. 
             Homewood, Illinois: Irwin-Dorsey.
        Maslow, A.H. (1967).  A theory of metamotivation: The biological
             rooting of the value-life.  Journal of Humanistic            
             Psychology, 7, 93-127.
        Maslow, A.H. (1968).  Toward a psychology of being, 2nd ed., 
             New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
        Maslow, A.H. (1969).  The farther reaches of human nature.  
             Journal of Transpersonal Psychology, 1, 1-10.
        Maslow, A.H. (1969).  Theory Z.  Journal of Transpersonal
             Psychology, 1, 31-47.
        Maslow, A.H. (1969).  Various meanings of transcendence.
             Journal of Transpersonal Psychology, 1, 55-66.
        Mawhinney, T.C. (1990).  Decreasing intrinsic "motivation" with   
             extrinsic rewards: Easier said than done. Special Issue:     
             Promoting excellence through performance management.
             Journal of Organizational Behavior Management, 11, 175-191.
        Maywood, A.G. (1982).  Vocational education and the work ethic.   
             Canadian Vocational Journal, 18,3, 7-12. 
        McClelland, D. (1955).  Notes for a revised theory of 
             motivation.  In D.C. McClelland (Ed.), Studies in
             motivation.  New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
        McClelland, D. (1961).  The achieving society.  New York:
             Van Nostrand Reinhold.
        McClelland, D. (1964).  The roots of consciousness.  New York:
             Van Nostrand Reinhold.
        McClelland, D., & Winter, D.G. (1969).  Motivating economic
             achievement.  New York: Free Press.
        McCoy, J.A., & Reed, D.F. (1991).  Preparing students for the     
             future world of work.  NASSP Bulletin, 75, 94-97.
        McCracken, J.D. (1990).  Rethinking the importance of values as   
             vocational education outcomes.  Journal of Vocational        
             Education Research, 15, 1-17.
        Meninger, K.A. (1942).  Love against hate.  New York: Harcourt,
             Brace & World.
        Miller, N.E. (1948).  Studies of fear as an acquired drive.
             Journal of Experimental Psychology, 38, 89-101.
        Miller, N.E. (1960).  Some motivational effects of brain 
             stimulation and drugs.  Federation Proceedings, 19, 846-47.
        Miller, N.E., & Dollard, J. (1941).  Social learning and          
             imitation.  New Haven: Yale University Press.
        Miller, P.F., & Coady, W. T., (Eds.). (1984).  Report on the
             proceedings of the conference on the future of the world of
             work.  St. Louis: Washington University.
        Miller, P.F., & Coady, W.T. (1986).  Vocational ethics: Toward    
             the development of vocational ethics.  Springfield, Ill.:
             Department of Adult, Vocational, and Technical Education.    
        Miller, P.F., & Coady, W.T.  Teaching the ethics of work.
             Vocational Education Journal, 65, 32-33.
        Montgomery, K.C. (1953).  Exploratory behavior as a function of
             "similarity" of stimulus situations.  Journal of Comparative
             and Physiological Psychology, 129-133.
        Mowrer, O.H. (1960).  Learning theory and behavior.  New York:
             John Wiley.
        Murphy, G. (1958).  Human potentialities.  New York: Harper and
             Row.
        Murray, H.A. (1937).  Facts which support the concept of need or
             drive.  Journal of Psychology, 3, 27-42.
        Murray, H.A. (1938).  Exploration in personality.  New York:
             Oxford University Press.
        Naylor, M. (1988). Vocational education and the work ethic in a   
             Changing Workplace.  Washington, D.C.: Office of             
             Educational Research and Improvement.
        Nisbett, R.E. (1968).  Taste, deprivation, and weight             
             determinants of eating behavior.  Journal of Comparative
             and Physiological Psychology, 47, 419-427.
        Northrop, F.S.C. (1946).  The meeting of east and west.  New
             York: Macmillan.
        Northrop, F.S.C. (1946).  The logic of the sciences and the
             humanities.  New York: Macmillan.
        Olds, J., & Milner, P. (1954).  Positive reinforcement produced
             by electrical stimulation of septal area and other regions 
             in the brain.  Journal of Comparative and Physiological
             Psychology, 47, 419-427.
        Orpen, C. (1986).  Correlates of pay satisfaction.  Psychology
             Reports, 59, 1205-1206.
        Osgood, C.E., & Tannenbaum, P.H. (1955).  The principle of
             congruity in the prediction of attitude change. 
             Psychological Review, 62, 42-55.
        Overman, S.J. (1983).  Work and Play in America: Three            
             Centuries of Commentary.  Physical-Educator, 40,4, 184-90.
        Overstreet, H. (1949).  The mature mind.  New York: Norton.
        Pallack, M.S., & Pittman, J.S. (1972).  General motivational 
             effects of dissonance arousal.  Journal of Personality and 
             Social Psychology, 7, 11-20.
        Paulus, P.B., & Murdock, P. (1972).  Anticipated evaluation and   
             audience presence in the enhancement of dominant responses.
             Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 7, 280-291.
        Pieper, J. (1964).  Leisure, the basis of culture.  New York:
             Pantheon.
        Perrin, C.T. (1942).  Behavior potentiality as a joint function
             of the amount of training and the degree of hunger at the
             time of extinction.  Journal of Experimental Psychology,
             30, 93-113.
        Poole, V.  (1989).  Classroom activities in employability skills  
             for education for employment. Bulletin No. 9479.
             Wisconsin State Dept. of Public Instruction, Madison.
        Rand, A. (1943).  The fountainhead.  Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill.
        Reeve, J.M., Olson, B.C., & Cole, S.G. (1987).  Intrinsic 
             motivation in competition: The intervening role of four
             individual differences following objective competence
             information.  Journal of Research in Personality, 21,
             148-170. 
        Reeve, J.M., Cole, S.G., & Olson, B.C. (1986).  Adding            
             excitement to intrinsic motivation research.  Journal of
             Social Personality, 1, 349-363.
        Reik, T. (1948).  Listening with the third ear.  New York:   
             Farrar, Straus, & Giroux.
        Reik, T. (1957).  Of love and lust.  New York: Farrar, Straus,
             & Giroux.
        Restle, F., Andrews, M., & Rokeach, M. (1964).  Differences 
             between open and closed minded subjects in learning set and
             oddity problems.  Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology,
             5, 416-423.
        Riesman, D. (1950).  The lonely crowd.  New Haven, Conn: Yale
             University Press.
        Robbins, A. (1991).  Personal power.  New York: Harper & Row.
        Rogers, C. (1951).  Client centered therapy.  Boston, Mass:
             Houghton Mifflin.
        Rogers, C. (1961).  On becoming a person.  Columbus, Ohio:
             Merrill.
        Rosekraus, F.M. (1967).  Choosing to suffer as a consequence of
             expecting to suffer: A replication.  Journal of Personality
             and Social Psychology, 7, 419-423.
        Rummel, A., & Feinberg, R. (1990).  Re-evaluation of re-
             reinforcement?  A new look at cognitive evaluation theory.
             Social Behavior and Personality, 18, 65-79.
        Sakurai, S. (1990).  The effects of four kinds of extrinsic       
             rewards on intrinsic motivation.  Psychologia: An            
             International Journal of Psychology in the Orient, 33, 220-  
             229.
        Sansone, C. (1986).  A question of competence: The effects of 
             competence and task feedback on intrinsic interest.
             Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 918-931.
        Sarason, S. (1967).  Toward a psychology of change and            
             innovation.  American Psychologist, 22, 227-233.
        Schacter, S., Goldman, R., & Gordon, A. (1968).  Effects of fear
             food deprivation, and obesity on eating.  Journal of         
             Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 231-244.
        Schwartz, O., (1951).  The psychology of sex.  New York: 
             Penguin Books.
        Seudfeld, P., & Epstein, Y.A. (1971).  Where is the "D" in
             dissonance?  Journal of Personality, 39, 178-188.
        Shalley, C.E., Oldham, G.E., & Porac, J.F. (1987).  Effects of
             goal difficulty, goal setting method, and expected external
             evaluation on intrinsic motivation.  Academy of Management
             Journal, 30, 553-563.
        Shaw, M.C. (1968).  Underachievement: Useful constructs or mis-
             leading illusion.  Psychology in the Schools, 5, 41-46.
        Sheffield, F.D., & Roby, T.B. (1950).  Reward value of non-
             nutritive sweet taste.  Journal of Comparative and
             Physiological Psychology, 44, 3-8.
        Sheffield, F.D., Wulf, J.J., & Backer, R. (1951).  Reward value
             of copulation without sex drive reduction.  Journal of
             Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 45, 471-478.     
        Siegel, P.S., & Milty, J.B. (1969).  Secondary reinforcement in
             relation to shock termination.  Psychological Bulletin, 
             2,7, 12-15.
        Sinha, P. (1986).  Factors for job satisfaction: For a quality of
             work.  Indian Journal of Behavior, 10, 24-36.
        Spence, K.W. (1956).  Behavior theory and conditioning.  New
             Haven: Yale University Press.
        Spence, K.W. (1960).  Behavior theory and learning.  New York:
             Prentice-Hall.
        Spergel, I., & Chance, R.L. (1991).  National youth gang
             suppression and intervention program.  National Institute
             on Justice Report, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
        Stagner, R. (1951).  Homeostasis as a unifying concept in 
             personality theory. Psychological Review, 58, 5-17.
        Stanton, E.S. (1983).  A critical reevaluation of motivation,
             management, and productivity.  Journal of Work and           
             Production, 9, 134-145.
        Steiner, G. Introduction.  In G. Steiner, (Ed.), The creative
             organization.  Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
        Strain, G., Unikel, I.P., & Adams, H.E. (1969).  Alternation
             behavior by children from lower socio-economic status
             groups.  Developmental Psychology, 1, 131-133.
        Sugihara, Y. (1985).  Effects of evaluation by tests on intrinsic
             motivation: In relation to test anxiety.  Japanese Journal   
             of Educational Psychology, 33, 232-236.
        Sumner, W.G. (1906). Folkways.  New York: Ginn.
        Super, D.E. (1982).  The relative importance of work: Models      
             and measures for meaningful data.  Counseling Psychologist,  
             10, 95-103.
        Suttie, I. (1935).  The origins of love and hate.  New York:
             Julian Press.
        Sutton, H., & Porter, L.W. (1968).  A study of the grapevine in
             a governmental organization.  Personnel Psychology, 21, 223- 
             30.
        Tang, T.L., Liu, H., & Vermillion, W.H. (1987).  Effects of 
             self-esteem and task labels (difficult vs. easy) on 
             intrinsic motivation, goal setting, and task performance.
             Journal of General Psychology, 114, 249-262.
        Tang, T., & Gilbert, P.R. (1992).  Attitudes toward money among   
             mental health workers: Extension and exploration of the 
             money ethic scale.  Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of 
             the Southeastern Psychological Association (38th, Knoxville, 
             TN, March 25-28, 1992).
        Tang, T. (1991).  A factor analytic study of the protestant work  
             ethic.  Paper presented at the Annual Convention of the      
             Southwestern Psychological Association (37th, New Orleans,   
             LA, April 11-13, 1991).
        Tang, T., & Tzeng, J. (1988).  Some demographic correlates of     
             the protestant work ethic.  Portions of the paper were
             presented at the Annual Convention of the Southwestern
             Psychological Association (34th, Tulsa, OK, April 21-23,
             1988).
        Thayer, R.E. (1967).  Measurement of activation through self-
             report.  Psychological Reports, 20, 663-678.
        Thomas, K.R. (1982).  The protestant work ethic, disability, and  
             rehabilitation student.  Counselor Education and             
             Supervision, 21, 269-73.
        Thorndike, E.L. (1940).  Human nature and the social order.
             New York: Macmillan.
        Tolman, E.C. (1932).  Purposive behavior in animals and men.
             New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
        Tolman, E.C. (1955).  Principles of performance.  Psychological
             Review, 62, 315-326.
        Torcivia, J.M., & Laughlin, P.R. (1968).  Dogmatism and concept
             attainment strategies.  Journal of Personality and Social
             Psychology, 36, 397-400.
        Vacchiano, R.B., Strauss, P.S., & Hochman, L. (1969).  The open
             and closed mind: A review of dogmatism.  Psychology          
             Bulletin, 71, 271-283.
        Van Doren, C. (1936).  Three worlds.  New York: Harper and        
             Row. 
        Vernon, M.D. (1969).  Human motivation.  Cambridge, Mass:         
             Harvard University Press.
        Walker, E.L. (1964).  Psychological complexity as a basis for a 
             theory of motivation and choice.  Nebraska Symposium on
             Motivation, 12, 47-97.
        Wallace, J. (1971).  Psychology: A social science.  New York:
             John Wiley.  
        Walster, E., Aronson, E., & Brown, Z. (1966).  Choosing to        
             suffer as a consequence of expecting to suffer: An
             unexpected finding.  Journal of Experimental Social
             Psychology, 2, 400-406.
        Walster, E., Berscheid, E., & Walster, G.W. (1973).  New          
             directions in equity research.  Journal of Personality and
             Social Psychology, 25, 151-176. 
        Weiner, B. (1972).  Theories of motivation: From mechanism to
             cognition.  Chicago: Markham Publishing Co.
        Weiss, R.F. (1968).  An extension of Hullian learning theory to
             persuasive communication.  In A.G. Greenwald, T.C. Brock,    
             & R.H. Ostrow, (Eds.)  Psychological Foundations of          
             Attitudes.  New York: Academic Press.
        Weiss, R.F., & Miller, F.G. (1971).  The drive theory of social
             facilitation.  Psychological Review, 78, 249-250.
        Wertheimer, M. (1959).  Productive thinking, 2nd. ed.,  New       
             York: Harper & Row.  
        Wertheimer, M. (1961).  The comparative psychology of mental
             development, 2nd ed..  New York: Harper & Row.
        Wertheimer, M. (1961).  Some problems in the theory of ethics, in
             M. Henle (ed.), Documents of Gestalt Psychology, Berkeley,
             California: University of California Press.
        Wheeler, L., & Davis, H. (1967).  Social disruption of            
             performance on a DRL schedule.  Psychonomic Science, 7, 44-  
             48.
        Whitney, R.E. (1971).  Agreement and positivity in pleasantness
             ratings of balanced and unbalanced social situations: A
             cross cultural study.  Journal of Personality and Social
             Psychology, 66, 68-77.
        Wiersma, U.J. (1991).  Combined effects of intrinsic and 
             extrinsic rewards motivation.  Psychological Reports, 68,
             871-882.
        Wike, E.L. (1969).  Secondary reinforcement: Some research and 
             theoretical issues.  In W.J. Arnold (ed.), Nebraska
             Symposium on Motivation.  Lincoln, Nebraska: University of
             Nebraska Press.
        Williams, S.B. (1938).  Resistance to extinction as a function of
             the number of reinforcements.  Journal of Experimental
             Psychology, 23, 506-522.
        Wilson, C. (1969).  Voyage to a beginning.  New York: Crown.
        Wilson, C. (1967).  Introduction to the new existentialism.  
             Boston: Houghton-Mifflin.
        Wolfe, J.B. (1936).  Effectiveness of token rewards for 
             chimpanzees.  Comparative Psychological Monographs, 12,5,
             331-338.
        Wolff, W. (1943).  The expression of personality.  New York:
             Harper & Row.
        Young, P.T. (1948).  Appetite, palatability and feeding habit; a
             critical review.  Psychology Bulletin, 45, 289-320.
        Young, P.T. (1941).  The experimental analysis of appetite, 
             Psychology Bulletin, 38, 129-164.  
        Zajonc, R.B. (1965).  Social facilitation.  Science, 149, 269-74.
        Zajonc, R.B., Heingartner, W., & Herman, E. (1969).  Social
             enhancement and impairment of performance in the cockroach.
             Journal of Experimental and Social Psychology, 2, 160-188.
        Zajonc, R.B., & Burnstein, E. (1965).  The learning of balanced
             and unbalanced social structures.  Journal of Personality,
             13, 153-163. 
        Zajonc, R.B., & Sales, S.M. (1966).  Social facilitation of 
             dominant and subdominant responses.  Journal of Experimental
             and Social Psychology, 2, 160-168.
        Zajonc, R.B., Forward, J., & Albert, R. (1969).  Adaptation of 
             board members to repeated failure or success by their
             organization.  Organizational Behavior and Human             
             Performance, 4, 56-76.  
        Zander, A., Forward, J., & Albert, R. (1969).  Adaptation of 
             board members to repeated failure or success by their
             organization.  Organizational Behavior and Human             
             Performance, 4, 56-76.
        Ziller, R.C., Behringer, R., & Goodchilds, J. (1962).  Group
             creativity under conditions of success and failure and       
             variations in group stability.  Journal of Applied
             Psychology, 46, 43-49.
        Zimbardo, P.G. (1969).  The human choice: Individuation, reason,
             and order versus deindividuation, impulse, and chaos.  
             Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 17, 254.  
        Zimmerman, D.W. (1957).  Durable secondary reinforcement:         
             Method and theory.  Psychological Review, 64, 373-383. 
        Zlutnick, S., & Altman, I. (1972).  Crowding and human behavior.
             In J.F. Wohlwill and D.H. Carson (Eds.), Environment and the
             social sciences: Perspectives and applications, 32, 44-60.  
