















                               THE NOBLE GRADEBOOK 
                                SHAREWARE VERSION
                                      V4.0






     NOTE: This is a text file version of THE NOBLE GRADEBOOK DOCUMENTATION.
                    The screen displays will be missing some
                        detail or may not be shown at all.










                   (C) COPYRIGHT 1988, 1990 NOBLE SOFTWARE CO
                               ALL RIGHTS RESERVED



                                NOBLE SOFTWARE CO
                              11903 Pythian Cave Rd
                                 Yreka, Ca 96097













                                  DISCLAIMER

Noble Software Co. presents this software package "as is" and makes
no representation or warranties with respect to the contents hereof
and specifically disclaims any implied warranties or
merchantability or fitness for any particular purpose.  Further,
Noble Software Co. reserves the right to revise this publication
and to make changes in the contents hereof without obligation of
Noble Software Co. to notify any persons or organization of such
revisions or changes.

Noble Software Co. shall have no liability or responsibility to
customer or any other person or entity with respect to any
liability, loss or damage caused or alleged to be caused directly
or indirectly by computer programs sold by Noble Software Co.



                               TABLE OF CONTENTS


GETTING STARTED. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   1
      1-1 Readme.first . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   1
      1-2 Installing the program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   1

GENERAL INFORMATION/COMMAND SUMMARY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   2
      2-1 Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   2
      2-2 Command Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3

DESIGNING YOUR GRADE BOOK. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
      3-1 Starting From Scratch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
      3-2 (S)aving and (R)etrieving. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
      3-3 (P)rint. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
      3-4 (C)lear-gradesheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
      3-5 Display-(O)ne. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
      3-6 Co(N)figuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
      3-7 (G)et configuration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14
      3-8 (Q)uit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  14

ADVANCED FEATURES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  15
      4-1 # to drop. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  15
      4-2 % of Grade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  16
      4-3 Optional grading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  17
      4-4 Letter Grade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  20
      4-5 (L)etter-conversion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  21
      4-6 Scale. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  23
      4-7 I.(D). Field . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  25
      4-8 Sort . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  35
      4-9 Calculation On/Off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  35
      4-10 Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  26
      4-11 Special Key-prefixes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  27
            Extra credit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  27
            No credit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  27
      4-12 Import. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  27
      4-13 Variable Max Grade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  29

EDIT-KEYS EXAMPLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  30
      5-1 Edit-Keys Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  30

RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  33
      6-1 Recommended Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  33

ERROR MESSAGES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  34
      7-1 Error Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  34
1                                                              GETTING STARTED
                                                              1-1 Readme.first

This documentation should enable the complete beginner to create
his first working gradesheet within a few hours.

The following notes will make the instructions easier to follow.

Parentheses are used for comments and explanations.

Boldface is used for characters or words that appear on the screen.

"Keyboard in" means type on the keyboard.

Occasionally, periods will be left off of the end of sentences. 
This is done on purpose so that the period will not be included as
part of a command.

When you are working in the gradesheet screen there may be two
highlighted areas, one which is always in the name column and the
other which is moveable.  When you are asked to move the
highlighted area we are referring to the moveable one.

Most of the screens used in this documentation are files included
on THE NOBLE GRADEBOOK (NGB) disk.  The actual file names appears
either in the  Filename: part of the screen or directly under the
screen.  When using the sample file, be careful not to save them
when exiting or loading new files.


                                                    1-2 Installing the program


       Make a working copy of the master disk.  Store the original
disk in a safe place and use the copy as your program disk. 

One Disk Drive System:

   1.  Boot DOS or
       copy NGB.EXE onto a DOS Disk (see your DOS manual) and
   2.  Load the program by typing NGB and pressing return.
   3.  Remove the program disk and place a data disk in drive A.

Two Disk Drive System:

   1.  Boot DOS or
       copy NGB.EXE onto a DOS Disk (see your DOS manual) and
   2.  place the program disk in drive A and a data disk in drive B.
   3.  Change to Drive B (B: press RETURN)
   4.  Load the program by typing  A:NGB and press RETURN 

Fixed drive System:

   1.  Create a subdirectory for NGB data (see your DOS manual).
   2.  Copy NGB.EXE to the subdirectory or to where application
programs reside and
   3.  Load the program while in the subdirectory.
2                                          GENERAL INFORMATION/COMMAND SUMMARY
                                                                  2-1 Features

       Think of this program as your Grade Book and each Gradesheet
that you design as a page in your Grade Book.  Each Gradesheet (one
for each class) will hold up to 200 students and each student may
have up to 200 entered grades.  The entered grades are keyed to
subject headings of your choice ie tests, quizzes, homework,
attendance.  The total number of grade entries for any key is only
subject to the 200 entry limit.

       Keyed items are defined by Key prefix, Description, Max
grade, # to drop, % of Grade.  These definitions are explained
further in section 3-1, "Starting from Scratch".

       After scores are entered, any column of scores may be scaled
up or down to adjust the curve.  The result of scaling will change
the Total Grade/Points (end of term).  The original "raw" grades
are not altered by the program.

       Once designed, each Gradesheet can be edited.  Students
(rows) can be added,  deleted, or changed.  Keyed items (columns)
may also be added, deleted, or altered.

       Grades may be entered as either numbers or letters.

       A gradesheet may be sorted in any column (ID number, names,
any key column, or Total Grade).

       The whole Gradesheet may be viewed at one time or individual
students may be viewed separately.

       Printouts can be made of the entire Gradesheet, for
individual students, or for any graded column.

       A graph of the number of students versus percent correct can
be generated for each keyed item (column), or the Total Grade.

       Printer setup commands can be sent to the printer prior to
printing the gradesheet.  This allows one to take advantage of any
special printer features (ie reduced, sideways, etc) that your
printer may have.

       Students name, I.D. numbers, scores/grades can be imported
directly into the gradesheet from DOS text files.

       Blank grades (an area in the gradesheet where no grade is
entered) are ignored.  Only grades that are entered are used to
calculate the Total Grade.  If a student is to receive a '0' or an
'F' for a given assignment then the grade must be entered. By
ignoring the 'blank' grade you can excuse a student from any
assignment without affecting the Total Grade.

       The Gradesheet will display the number of missing grades,
average, median and standard deviation and the bottom of every
graded column.  These statistics will also print on the appropriate
reports.
3                                                 2-2 Command Summary

Command Keystroke   Used from                  Action

Help    F1          While in gradesheet or     Shows help screen
                    edit-keys

Escape  Esc         Anywhere                   Backs out of current
                                               action to previous
                                               menu or screen.
Insert  Ins         While in gradesheet        Inserts new column to
column                                         the left of the present
                                               ; asks for new 'key' and
                                               description

Delete  Del         While in gradesheet.       Deletes column
column              Highlight top grade in 
                    colunm

Insert     Ins      While in gradesheet        Adds name to botom
Names               below the last name        of gradesheet

Insert     Ins      In gradesheet              Inserts a blank row
Names               highlight name and         above the highlighted
                    press Ins key              name

Delete  Del         In gradesheet              Deletes row
Name                highlight name and
                    press Del key

Change              In gradesheet,             Allows name to be
name                highlight name and         edited
                    type new name

Delete  Del         In edit-keys,              Allows a Key-Prefix
Key-                highlight key-prefix &     to be deleted
prefix              press Del key

Sort    ALT-S       While in gradesheet;       Sorts column in ascending
                    any column                 or descending order
																
Graph   ALT-G       While in gradesheet;       Will produce graph of
                    highlight column           students versus percent
                                               correct for that column

Calcul  ALT-C       Gradesheet                 Toggle for
ation                                          calculation on or off
On/Off

Import  ALT-I       Gradesheet, with           Import scores/grades
scores              selected column            from DOS text file
                    highlighted

Display ALT-M       Gradesheet                 Toggle for display of
free                                           free memory, next to
memory                                         Row/Column display

Display  ALT-D      Gradesheet                 Toggle for display
Statistic                                      statistics at bottom
                                               of screen
4

Command Keystroke   Used from                  Action

Scale   +,-,*       In gradesheet              + or - will add or
                    highlight scale over       subtract from the raw
                    column; enter +,-,or *     score. A *.9 will
                    and a number to add,       result in 90% and
                    subtract or multiply       *1.1 will result in
                    the raw score. In          110%.  The raw score
                    graph enter same           is not changed; only
                    commands                   the Total Grade.  A
                                               scale change while in
                                               the graph affects the
                                               gradesheet

Print   P           While in main menu         Print entire
                                               gradesheet  or print
                                               individual grade
                                               summary for all students

Print   ALT-P       While in gradesheet        Will print grade 
                    highlight student name     summary for selected
                    or top of column           student or names and
                                               scores for selected
                                               columns

Page    Pg Up       Gradesheet                 Moves cursor up one page
up                                             

Page    Pg Dn       Gradesheet                 Moves cursor down one page
down

Screen  Ctrl ->     Gradesheet                 Moves cursor one screen
right                                          to the right

Screen  Ctrl <-     Gradesheet                 Moves cursor one screen
left                                           to the left

Top     Ctrl-       Gradesheet                 Moves cursor to the top row
        Home
			
End     Ctrl-End    Gradesheet                 Moves cursor to bottom row

Left    Home        Gradesheet                 Moves cursor to the
                                               left most column 

Right   End         Gradesheet                 Moves cursor to the
                                               right most column
5                                                    DESIGNING YOUR GRADE BOOK
                                                     3-1 Starting From Scratch

       In this section we will create, save, retrieve, print, clear,
display-one, configure, get configuration from another file and
quit a simple gradesheet.  The Total Points (end of term grade)
will be calculated as an accumulation of earned points.

       Start the program by typing NGB and pressing return (for a
detailed explanation see section 1-2 Installing the program).  When
the title page appears with the copyright message, press return and
the following screen will appear:  

Ŀ
Command:                                                        
                      *** Main Menu ***                         
                                                                
                                                                
      (V)iew/change gradesheet            (E)dit-keys           
      (S)ave                              (C)lear gradesheet    
      (R)etrieve                          I.(D).-field          
      (P)rint                             (L)etter-conversion   
      Display-(O)ne                       (I)mport names/ID#    
      Co(N)figuration                     Print Order (F)orm    
      (G)et configuration from            (Q)uit                
              another file                                       
                                                                

             
       The options listed are used by typing the character within
the parenthesis (upper or lower case).

       We are going to create a gradesheet that will have:

                            5 quizzes worth 20 points each  

                            2 tests worth 100 points each  

                            1 final worth 100 points 

       The first step is to define key-prefixes for the different
categories (quizzes, tests & final).  Enter the (E)dit-keys option
by pressing E or e.

       The following screen will appear:

Ŀ
Command or data: _                                      F1=Help 
                                                                
Key       Description      Max     # to   % of     |-------Optio
prefix                             grade              drop   Gra
                                                                
                                                              
                                                                

                                                                  
          
       There is a blinking cursor after Command or data: and a
highlighted block under Key-prefix

6
      A Key prefix is one or two letters followed by a hyphen.  The
Key prefix may be entered in either upper or lower case.  The
Gradebook will convert the entries to uppercase.  For the sample
gradesheet, we will assign quizzes the Key prefix of QZ.  Type a
prefix  QZ-  the characters will appear on the command line.  Press
the Right Arrow (cursor movement key) and QZ- will now be  under
Key prefix  and the highlighted block will move one column to the
right. (QZ- could also have been entered by using Return and the
highlighted block moved with a separate use of the Right Arrow
key.)  Now the area under Description will have a highlighted
block.  

       The entry under Description may be up to twenty characters in
length or may be left blank.  Type quizzes and press the Right
Arrow Key.  quizzes will appear under Description and the
highlighted block will move under Max grade.  

       The entry under Max grade is the maximum grade for a single
gradesheet entry (one column) for the given Key prefix and may be
between 0 and 10,000 (or a valid letter grade) and must be made. 
It is possible to have a different Max Grade for each entry
(column) in the gradesheet, this is discussed in 'Variable Max
Grade' in section 4-13.  If a letter grade is entered here, then
all of the grades entered for this Key may only be alphabetic. 
Enter 20 (20 is the maximum grade for each quiz) for the grade and
use the down cursor movement key to position the highlighted block
for the next Key prefix.  Make the entries for T-  tests 100; and
F- final 100 in the same manner as for the quizzes.  The result
will look like the following screen:

Ŀ
Command or data: _                                      F1=Help 
                                                                
Key       Description      Max     # to   % of     |-------Optio
prefix                             grade              drop   Gra
                                                                
 QZ-    quizzes                 20                              
  T-    tests                  100                              
  F-    final                  100                            

   Filename: NGB31A

   A Key-prefix can be deleted by highlighting the Key-prefix and
pressing the Del key.

       The maximum number of Keys that can be defined is 18.  The
columns to the right of Max grade will be explained in sec 4
Advanced features.  Now that the prefixes have been defined, press
Escape and return to the Main Menu.  Proceed to the gradesheet by
pressing V (or v).

The following screen will appear with a highlighted block under
Name:
7
Ŀ
Command or data: _                             F1=Help          
Filename:                                                       
               Key Total Est.  Lettr                            
         Max-score Point Total Grade                            
Name       Scale        +0 Point                                
                                                                
                                           
# of missing grades      0     0     0                          
Average                                                         
Median                                                          
Standard Deviation                                               
 

       There are several different ways to construct the gradesheet
at this step.  We will choose a way which will allow a "template"
gradesheet that can be used for several different classes. 

Columns add:
       Using the right arrow (cursor movement key), move the 
highlighted block one column to the right (to beneath the Total
Point column) and press the Insert key.  At the top of the screen
the line Command or data: _  will be replaced by key: _

       Keyboard in  QZ-  followed by a 1

       The entry will look like this  key: QZ-1     press return;
the command line will now display   description: _

       Keyboard in quiz 1  and press return.  The following screen
will appear:

Ŀ
Command or data: _                        F1=Help     quiz 1    
Filename:NGB31B                                                 
               Key  QZ-1 Total Est.  Lettr                      
         Max-score    20 Point Total Grade                      
Name       Scale        +0    +0 Point                          
                                                                
                                                           
# of missing grades      0     0     0     0                    
Average                                                         
Median                                                          
Standard Deviation                                               

 Filename: NGB31B             

       Note that a column has been inserted between Key and Total
Point.  The highlighted area was underneath the Total Point column
and the new column was inserted to the left of the Total Point
column.  Columns are inserted to the left of the column in which
the highlighted area is positioned.

       While the highlighted block is in a Key column, a description
of the column is presented in the upper right hand corner of the
screen.  
8
       Move the highlighted area to the Total Point column and
insert columns for quiz 2, quiz 3, quiz 4, quiz 5, test 1, test 2,
and final.  As more columns are inserted, the columns to the right
of Total Point will move off of the screen to the right.  By using
the right and left cursor movement keys, any column may be shifted
conveniently close to the name column.

Column delete:
       If any errors were made while entering the columns,  the
column can be deleted by highlighting that column (first name below
the heading) and pressing the Delete key.  
       If this gradesheet were to be used for several different
classes, it would now be saved as a "template" before entering
students names.

                                                 3-2 (S)aving and (R)etrieving

       Saving the gradesheet on a regular interval will safeguard
against loss in case the power goes off.  To save:  press Escape to
return to the Main Menu and choose (S)ave by pressing S. The first
time during a session that a file is saved or retrieved, there will
be a prompt for the name of the file:  gradesheet name: _   (after
the first time, the save feature "remembers" the last file name
that was used; to delete the presented name, use the backspace
key).  Choose a meaningful name, one that will help in referring to
the contents of the gradesheet.  A proper name may contain up to
eight letters and numbers, a drive prefix and a path.  Do not add
an extension to the file name.  When the file is saved the
gradebook adds the extension of .GBK to all of the gradesheets
names.  The file will be saved to the default data drive if no
drive prefix is used.  An improper file name will return an error
message.  If the data disk already has a file with the same name as
the filename you just entered, the message File already exists,
overwrite (y or n) appears before the file is saved.  Pressing y
will save the new version over the old file.  Pressing n  WILL NOT
save the file.  

       When the Gradesheet is saved (except for the first time), the
message

       Making backup file: <FILENAME>.BAK
                              1 file(s) copied         

will appear and you will return to the  Main Menu

       If there is an error (such as a power failure) when saving
the file and you are not returned to the Main Menu you should use
the DOS command REN to rename the <FILENAME>.BAK to <NEWNAME>.GBK. 
This will allow you to salvage the data from the previous save.  DO
NOT try to save again as this may cause the good .BAK file to be
overwritten.  After the file is renamed you can (R)etrieve the
<FILENAME> file or the <NEWNAME> file and save the one you wish to
keep.  Be sure to check them both out carefully before deciding
which one to keep.

9
       Retrieving a file is done by using (R)etrieve from the Main
Menu.  A listing of available gradesheets on the default drive will
be presented.  To retrieve a file on a different drive, preface the
filename with the drive letter (and path if needed).  Warning:
remember to save any file being worked on before retrieving a new
file.  If you are working on a gradesheet when you select the
(R)etrieve option you are asked if you wish to save the current
gradesheet.

       After saving, return to the gradesheet by using choice
(V)iew/change gradesheet from the Main Menu.  Note that the
filename of the current gradesheet now appears  under Command or
data: _

Names add:
       The next step is to enter student names in the names column. 
Using the cursor movement keys, move the highlighted area into the
Name column. Enter a name and press return.  The highlighted area
moves down a row, ready for the next entry.  In our practice
gradesheet, I have entered five names:  Lilli, Mike, Susan, Phil,
and Max.  I have also entered a grade of 17 on QZ-1 for Lilli.

Ŀ
Command or data: _          F1=Help     quiz 2              
Filename:NGB32A                                             
               Key  QZ-1  QZ-2  QZ-3   T-2   F-1 Total Est. 
         Max-score    20    20    20   100   100 Point Total
Name       Scale        +0    +0        +0    +0    +0 Point
                                                            
Lilli                   17                   17.0 340.0
Mike                                               0.0   0.0
Susan                                              0.0   0.0
Phil                                               0.0   0.0
Max                                                0.0   0.0
                                                            
# of missing grades      4     5   5     5     5     0     0
Average                                            3.4  68.0
Median                                             0.0   0.0
Standard Deviation                                 7.6 152.1 

 Filename:NGB32A

       You will see that the Total Point shows 17.0, which is
obtained from the 17 points received out of the 20 points possible. 
Note that only columns with scores affect the Total Point, because
'blank' grades are ignored.  Notice that the Est. Total Point
(Estimated Total points) shows the total number of points this
student will earn if the level of performance remains the same on
all the other entries.  The Total Point columns will show 1/10 of
points up to 999.9 and then only whole numbers above the 999.9
value.

       Enter grades for the other students for QZ-1, QZ-2, QZ-3 and
T-1.  Whenever grades are being entered for a student, the
student's name will be highlighted.  The screen may be "scrolled"
to the left or right (use the cursor movement keys) so that the
column that the grades are being entered into is next to the name's
column.
10
Ŀ
Command or data:              F1=Help      quiz 4              
Filename:NGB32B                                                
                 KZ-1  QZ-2  QZ-3   T-1   T-2   F-1 Total Est. 
         Max-score 20    20    20   100   100   100 Point Total
Name       Scale   +0    +0    +0    +0    +0    +0    +0 Point
                                                               
Lilli              17    18    19    91             145.0 362.5
Mike               16    19    20    89             144.0 360.0
Susan              14    16    19    85             134.0 335.0
Phil               12    18    17    82             129.0 322.5
Max                13    15    15    69             112.0 280.0
                                                               
# of missing gra    0     0     0     0     5     5     0     0
Average          14.4  17.2  18.0  83.2             132.0 332.0
Median           14.0  18.0  19.0  85.0             134.8 335.0
Standard Deviati  2.1   1.6   2.0   8.7              13.4  33.6 

 Filename:NGB32B

       If you need to remove a grade (change a grade to a blank
grade) you can do so by highlighting the grade to remove, press the
space bar one time and press 'return'.  You will be asked to
confirm the change; type 'Y' and the grade will be changed to a
blank.

       By using the cursor movement keys, the screen can be
"scrolled" to the left to show the Letter Grade.  The letter grade
is determined by the points assigned in the (L)etter-conversion
(section 4.5) option.
        
Ŀ
Command or data: _             F1=Help      final               
Filename:NGB32B                                                 
               Key T-1   T-2   F-1 Total Est.   Lettr           
         Max-score 100   100   100 Point Total  Grade           
Name       Scale    +0    +0    +0    +0 Point                  
                                                                
Lilli               91             145.0 362.5     A            
Mike                89             144.0 360.0     A            
Susan               85             134.8 335.0     B+           
Phil                82             129.0 322.5     B+           
Max                 69        112.0 280.0     C+           
                                                                
# of missing grades  0     5     5     0     0     0            
Average           83.2             132.0 332.0    B+            
Median            85.0             134.0 335.0    B+            
Standard Deviation 8.7              13.4  33.6  32.7             

 Filename:NGB32B

11                                                               3-3 (P)rint

       Return to the Main Menu and choose option (P)rint by pressing
P (or p).
The following screen will appear:
Ŀ
 enter option (1-5) _                                           
                                                                
 1  Print entire Gradesheet using default printer settings.     
    (80 columns/line, 60 lines/page, standard print.            
 2  Print entire Gradesheet using settings from configuration op
 3  Print individual grade summary for all students             
 4  Print grade summary for selected students                   
 5  Print names & scores for selected columns                   


       Option 1, 2 & 3 work directly from the above menu. 
       Option 4 requires a return to the gradesheet, then highlight
       the student's name           and press Alt-P (hold the Alt key
       down and at the same time press P or p).
       Option 5 requires a return to the gradesheet, then highlight
       any grade in a column        and press Alt-P (hold the Alt key
       down and at the same time press P or p).


                                                        3-4 (C)lear-gradesheet

       This option allows one to clear all or part of the gradesheet
currently being worked on.  By using the (C)lear-gradesheet option
from the Main Menu the following screen will appear:

Ŀ
 enter option (1-4) _                                          
                                                               
                                                               
 1  Remove all students (retains columns and edit-keys data)   
 2  Remove all columns (retains students & edit-keys data)     
 3  Clear entire gradesheet (clears everything)                
 4  Return go Main Menu                                        


       When choosing options 1-3 you will be given the option to
save the current gradesheet.  Option 1 would allow one to use the
same gradesheet for another class.  After removing the existing
students, the new students could be entered (or imported in as
explained later) and the gradesheet would be all set up.  Option 2
would allow the same students to be used in a new gradesheet, and
option 3 would be used to start a completely new gradesheet.  When
using options 1-3 the current filename will be cleared, so when you
try to save a new filename will have to be entered.

                                                             3-5 Display-(O)ne

       If a student would like to see his grades, it is possible to
display the grades for only one student.  Escape to the Main Menu
and choose Display-(O)ne.  The gradesheet will be displayed with
only that one student's grades showing as shown below.
12

Ŀ
Command or data: _                           F1=Help      quiz 4
Filename:NGB35                                                  
               Key  QZ-1  QZ-2  QZ-3  QZ-4  QZ-5   T-1   T-2   F
         Max-score    20    20    20    20    20   100   100   1
Name       Scale        +0    +0    +0    +0    +0    +0    +0  
                                                                
Lilli                   17    18    19           91        
Mike                                                            
Susan                                                           
Phil                                                            
Max                                                             
                                                                
# of missing grades      0     0     0     5     5     0     5  
Average               14.4  17.2  18.0              83.2        
Median                14.0  18.0  19.0              85.0        
Standard Deviation     2.1   1.6   2.0               8.7         

 Filename:NGB35

       You can use the up & down arrow keys to go from one student
to another; the left and right arrows move the same as before.  To
return to the regular display, Escape to the Main Menu and choose
(V)iew/change gradesheet. 

                                                           3-6 Co(N)figuration

       Configuration allow you to assign a Course Description,
Semester Description, and printer information to your gradebook. 
Press N at the Main Menu and the following screen will appear.

  Course                                      Semester            
------------------------------------------------------------------

                       Printer Setup - Grade sheet                

  Set up string                            Reset string          
Maximum number of columns                  Maximum number of rows 


    80                                        60                  
-------------------------------------------------------------------
                            Printer Setup - Bar graph             

  Set up string                               Reset string        

___________________________________________________________________

   Keyboard in the appropriate information in each box.  Pressing
'return' will move to the next box, or the Up arrow and Down arrow
keys may be used to move from box to box.  The 'Esc' key will
return you to the Main Menu .  

   If there is an error in a box, return to the box and use the
backspace key to delete the mistake and retype the entry.
13

Course:
       Enter a description/title of the course, ie U.S. History (up
   to 30 characters).
Semester:
       Enter a semester description (up to 29 characters).
       Example:   Spring 1987

Printer Setup - Grade sheets
Set up string:
       Many printers allow special print options, such as condensed
       or sideways printing, through the use of escape sequence set
       up strings.  This field allows one to specify the set up
       strings which will be sent to your printer prior to printing
       any grade sheet.  The escape sequence usually consists of an
       escape character followed by additional characters.  The
       escape character would be entered an \027 and an example of
       a character 4 would be \004.  The following shows a couple
       examples of set up strings:

       Most Dot Matrix printers in condense mode
                            \027B\003
       HP LaserJet in condense, sideways & 8 lines/inch mode
                            \027E\027&l1ol8D\027&k2S
 
Reset string:
       If the printer is sent a set up string it is usually
       appropriate to send a reset command after the printing has
       finished.  This field allows one to specify a reset escape
       sequence if it is needed.  Examples of such commands would
       be:
       Most Dot Matrix printers
                            \027B\001
       HP LaserJet
                            \027E
Maximum number of columns:
       This field specifies the maximum number of characters per
       line that your printer is capable of printing.  The default
       value is 80 and may be changed for any printer width or in
       conjunction with any condense printing.  When changing this
       value be sure to allow room for left and right margins. 
       Examples would be:
       Most Dot Matrix printer in condense mode on 8 1/2 inch wide
       paper
                            116
       HP LaserJet in condense mode on 11 inch wide paper
                            166
Maximum number of rows:
       This field specifies the maximum number of rows (lines) than
       can be printed on a page.  If you change this value be sure
       to allow for top and bottom margins.  Examples would be:
       Most Dot Matrix printers at 6 lines/inch on 11 inch paper
                            60
       HP LaserJet at 8 lines/inch on 8 1/2 inch paper
                            64
14

Printer Setup - Bar graph
Set up String:
       In some cases, usually on networks, it may be necessary to
       send an escape command to the printer which will load the
       standard IBM graphic character fonts.  This field allows one
       to enter such a command if it is needed.  If your printer
       already has the correct fonts, leave this field blank.  This
       option is usually not needed for stand alone printers
       attached to single computers.  Consult your printer of
       network manuals for any escape codes you might need.

Reset String:
       This option is used to reset the printer if you sent it a bar
       graph setup string as described above.

                                                       3-7 (G)et configuration

       The (G)et configuration option allows a configuration to be
copied from another file into the current file.  This would prevent
the need of re-typing the setup strings when creating a new
gradebook (the course and semester descriptions would have to be
changed).

                                                                    3-8 (Q)uit

       This option allows the user to exit the program.  If there is
a gradesheet currently being worked on, the option to save is
included when using (Q)uit.
15                                                            ADVANCED FEATURES

       This section will discuss dropping lowest scores for any key
(# to drop), weighted keys (% of Grade), Optional grading,
letter/number grade conversion, the scale feature, I.D. field,
sort, calculation on/off, graph, special key prefixes, and import. 
In section 3-1 the Total Grade was calculated as an accumulation of
earned points. In this section the weighted keys allows us to
calculate the Total Grade by assigning different weight value to
each of the keys, therefore giving us a weighted percentage.

       Continuing with our gradesheet from section 3, return to the
(E)dit-keys menu and we will add more options to the gradesheet. 
Press the Escape key to return to the Main Menu and then E to go to
(E)dit-keys.

                                                                 4-1 # to drop

       In the column # to drop highlight the area to the right of
quizzes.  This column allows the program to drop the lowest grade
or grades in the defined Key.   The maximum number of grades that
can be dropped in any Key is 9, unless the Key is a Variable-max-
grade Key the the maximum is 3.  Enter a 1 in the # to drop column
and in the row for quizzes.  HINT --> If this option is chosen when
the keys are first defined, then the first grade entered for the
quizzes will be dropped.  As this is the only grade, it will be the
lowest.  Usually you should wait until half or all of the grades
are entered before selecting this option.

Ŀ
 Command or data: _                                      F1=Help
                                                                
Key       Description      Max     # to   % of   |-------Optiona
prefix                     grade   drop   Grade   %    A    B   
                                                                
QZ-   quizzes                 20      1                     
 T-   tests                  100                                
 F-   final                  100                                

   Filename:NGB41

       Return to the gradesheet and note that the Total Grade has
changed.

Ŀ
Command or data: _         =Help      quiz 4              
Filename:NGB41                                            
             Key  QZ-4  QZ-5   T-1   T-2   F-1 Total Est. 
       Max-score    20    20   100   100   100 Point Total
Name     Scale      +0    +0    +0    +0    +0    +0 Point
                                                          
Lilli                      91             128.0 347.4
Mike                            89             128.0 347.4
Susan                           85             120.0 325.7
Phil                            82             117.0 317.6
Max                             69              99.0 268.7
                                                          
# of missing grades  5     5     0     5     5     0     0
Average                       83.2             118.4 321.4
Median                        85.0             120.0 325.7
Standard Deviation             8.7              11.9  32.3 

 Filename:NGB41
16                                                            4-2 % of Grade

       We will now assign a weight (% of Grade) to each of the keys. 
This will allow us to assign more value to keys which are
considered more important.  When weights are assigned to the keys
the Total Point columns are changed to Total Grade and the data are
shown in percentage instead of earned points.

Return to the (E)dit-keys.  

       In the column  % of Grade make the entries as shown in the
following screen.  The Gradebook will now calculate each Key as a
percentage of the final grade.  

Ŀ
Command or data: _                                  
                                                    
Key       Description      Max     # to   % of   |--
prefix                     grade   drop   grade     
                                                    
QZ-   quizzes                 20      1     25      
 T-   tests                  100            40      
 F-   final                  100            35      
                                   Total % 100.0    

   Filename:NGB42
   
       Return to the gradesheet

Ŀ
Command or data: _             F1=Help      quiz 4              
Filename:NGB42                                                  
             Key  QZ-3  QZ-4  QZ-5   T-1   T-2   F-1 Total Est. 
       Max-score    20    20    20   100   100   100 Grade Total
Name       Scale    +0    +0    +0    +0    +0    +0    +0 Grade
                                                                
Lilli               19           91              59.5  91.5
Mike                20                89              60.0  92.3
Susan               19                85              55.9  86.0
Phil                17                82              54.7  84.2
Max                 15                69              46.4  71.4
                                                                
# of missing grades  0     5     5     0     5     5     0     0
Average            8.0              83.2              55.3  85.1
Median             9.0              85.0              55.9  86.0
Standard Deviation 2.0               8.7               5.5   8.4 

 Filename:NGB42

       Note that the Total Grade reflects the score as a percentage
of the final grade as was just set in the Edit-Keys.  The Est.
Total Grade reflects the grade that the students would get if they
continued making the same score in all of the Keys.  At the end of
the term the Total Grade and the Est. Total Grade should be the
same.  If they are not the same then the student is missing a grade
for one or more Key Prefix or the # to Drop is the same count as
the number of scores the student has for a particular Key Prefix. 
Press the right arrow key until the column to the right of the
letter grade is showing.  There will be a "#" in this column for
every student, which indicates that the Total Grade and Est. Total
17

Grade are not equal.  At the end of the term there will not be any
"#" for students who have completed their work.  If a '#' does
appear at the end of the term the letter grade shown is NOT the
true final grade for that student.  The Total grade column would
have the numeric value of the grade the student should receive.

       Let's look at how the Total Grade is calculated for student
Lilli.  In our Edit Key table we defined the # to drop as being 1
for the key of QZ-, which would leave us with the scores of 18 and
19.  The total for the two scores is 37 points out of a possible 40
(2 times 20) , which is 92.5%.  Now quizzes are worth 25% of the
Total Grade so the quizzes part of the Total Grade is 92.5 times
25% or 23.1%.  There is one score for T-1 which is 91 out of a
possible 100 for 91%.  Tests are worth 40% of the final grade so 91
times 40% is 36.4%.  There is no score for the key of F- so our
Total Grade is the 23.1% from the quizzes and 36.4% for the tests,
which add up to 59.5%.  Note that from the scores entered so far
(only the quizzes and one test) that Lilli has an Est. Total Grade
of 91.5%.

Key    Scores  Dropped  Total  Total   %     %-of       Total_grade 
                               Possible      Total_Grade

QZ-    17,18,19   17     37  /  40  =  92.5 x  25     =      23.1
T-     91          -     91  / 100  =  91   x  40     =      36.4
F-     -           -      0   /100  =   0   x  35     =       0.0
                                                  total:     59.5   

                                                          4-3 Optional grading

       Optional grading is a powerful feature which allows two
additional grading options; Points and Percentange:

   1)  Points:  Points (scores) can be accumulated for
       attendance, daily homework or other similar items and
       then based on the points accumulated a percentage or
       letter grade can be assigned to the key.

   2)  Percentange:  Based on the percentage earned for a Key
       (points earned/points possible) a defined percentage or
       letter grade can be assigned to the Key.  This option allows
       each Key to have its own letter grade break points.  For
       example;  A Key for tests could have percentage setings of
       A=90%, B=80%, C=70%, etc; and a Key for homework could have
       perecntage setings of A=85%, B=70%, D=55%, etc.

       Using either option, the percentage or letter grade assigned
is then calculated into the Total Grade.

       Let's use attendance and the points option as our example of
optional grading.  First we set a value for each day:  1 point if
present and 0 points if absent.  Then we must determine how many
attendance points can be accumulated in the semester.  5 points per
week (one for each day) times 18 weeks = 90 points.  As each entry
in the gradesheet will take one column, let's keep track of
attendance on a weekly basis. So, we will have 18 columns in the
gradesheet (one for each week)  and each entry will have a maximum
value of 5 (one point for each day).  Holidays and excused absences
18

would be managed by "giving" the student a point for that day. 
Next, we must determine what percent of the total grade to assign
to attendance.  We will let attendance be 5% of the total.  The
last step is to assign a grade to the accumulated points.  The
following table will help set this up:

                            Accumulated                Assigned
                            attendance                 grade

perfect attendance          90                         100
miss 3 days                 87                          90
miss 5 days                 85                          80
miss 7 days                 83                          70
miss 10 days                80                          50

A student having 90 accumulated attendance will receive a grade of A.
A student having 87, 88 or 89 accumulated attendance will receive
  a grade of B.
A student having 85 or 86 accumulated attendance will receive a
  grade of C.
A student having 83 or 84 accumulated attendance will receive a
  grade of D.
A student having 80, 81, 82, or 83 accumulated attendance will
  receive a grade of F.
A student having less than 80 accumulated attendance will receive
  a grade of 0.

       When designing a key that will use optional grading this
       outline should be followed:
       1.  Determine the total number of points that can be
       accumulated.
       2.  Calculate the number of entries(columns in the
       gradesheet) and the maximum value for these entries.
       3.  Decide  what percent of the final grade this key will
       have.
       4.  Assign a grade value to the accumulated points.


       Let's modify the file NGB42 from the last section.  The
optional grading is set in the (E)dit-keys.  Go to the (E)dit-keys
and create a new Key  A-  Attend.  We are giving 1 point for
attendance each day and keeping records on a weekly basis. Enter 5
in the column Max grade. We also decided to make attendance 5% of
the total grade.  In the column % of Grade enter a 5.  Let's also
reduced the % of Grade in the Key QZ- quizzes from 25 down to 20 to
maintain the Total % 100.0 .  Then, under the heading |-------
Optional grading--|, we will enter the accumulated attendance
points under the column value we want to assign them.  The
following screen reflects a Key using Optional grading.  Notice
that there is not a entry in the '%' column.  If were were using
the 'Percentage' option then a '%' sign would be entered in the '%'
column and percentages would be entered in the A,B,C,D and F
columns.
19
Ŀ
Command or data: _                                       F1=Help
                                                                
Key   Description  Max  # to  % of   |-------Optional grading--|
prefix           grade  drop  Grade   %    A    B    C    D  F   
                                                                 
QZ-   quizzes       20    1     20                              
 T-   tests        100          40                              
 F-   final        100          35                          
 A-   attend         5           5        90   87   85   83  80 
                                                                
                     Total % 100.0                              

 Filename:NGB42B

       It should be pointed out here that the letters in the column
headings:  100  A   B   C   D   F   can be changed to numerical
values (percentages) or to letter grades by moving the cursor to
the item and entering the change.  Be sure you understand how the
Optional grading works before you change these values.  Also there
must be a value in the % of Grade column for Optional grading to
work.

       When using Optional grading, with the points option, it is
important that all of the entries (columns) be inserted in the
gradesheet for the Est. Total Grade to be calculated properly. 
Based on the grades entered and the number of 'blank' grades
remaining, Gradebook will project an end of term grade for this
Key-prefix.  The projected grade is then used in calculating the
Est. Total Grade.  Remember that 'blank' grades in non-optional-
grading keys are ignored.   Return to the gradesheet and insert 18
entries using the key A-.  Name the entries week1 through week18. 
The file NGB42B contains all of the changes made in this section. 
After the changes are made part of the gradebook will look like the
following screen: 

Ŀ
Command or data: _            F1=Help      week14            
Filename:NGB42B                                              
               Key   A-14  A-15  A-16  A-17  A-18 Total Est. 
         Max-score      5     5     5     5     5 Grade Total
Name     Scale         +0    +0    +0    +0    +0    +0 Grade
                                                             
Lilli                                         54.9  91.5
Mike                                               55.1  91.8
Susan                                              51.5  85.8
Phil                                               50.3  83.8
Max                                                42.6  71.0
                                                             
# of missing grades     5     5     5     5     5     0     0
Average                                            50.9  84.8
Median                                             51.5  85.8
Standard Deviation                                  5.1   8.5 

 Filename:NGB42B
20

       The 'Percentage' option of Optional grading works the same as
the 'Points' options except that percentages are entered in the A-F
columns and a '%' symbol is entered in the '%' column.  The grade
for the Key would then be calculated by adding the total points
earned and dividing the total points possible giving a percentage. 
The percentage is then compared to the Optional grading table and
the corresponding letter grade (or percentage) is assigned to the
Key.  When using the 'Percentage' option it is not necessary to
enter the columns in the gradebook until they are needed.  Unlike
the 'Points' option the Est Total Grade does not depend on the
number of columns.

       Some confusion can occur when using the 'Percentage' option. 
For example;  If the percentage under the 'A' column is set at 85
and the student earned a score of 87%, then his/her grade for that
Key would be an 'A'.  However, if the Letter conversion table
(explained in the section 4-5) is set so that an 'A' is 90 percent,
then the 'A' would be converted to 90 percent for that Key.  The
90% (which is an 'A' as defined in the Letter conversion table)
would then be calculated into the Total grade. 

                                                              4-4 Letter Grade

       Retrieve file NGB44 and scroll the screen to the left to show
the letter grades.  The letter grade is derived from the Est-Total-
Grade, therefore reflects the students current level of work.  At
the end of the term the Total-Grade and Est-Total-Grade should be
the same value.  So the letter grade would be the end of term final
grade.



Ŀ
Command or data: _                         F1=Help      quiz 4  
Filename: NGB44                                                 
             Key QZ-4  QZ-5   T-1   T-2   F-1 Total Est.  Letter
         Max-score 20    20   100   100   100 Grade Total Grade 
Name     Scale     +0    +0    +0    +0    +0    +0 Grade       
                                                                
Lilli                     91              54.9  91.5    B  
Mike                           89              55.1  91.8    B  
Susan                          85              51.5  85.6    C+ 
Phil                           82              50.3  83.8    C+ 
Max                            69              42.6  71.0    D  
                                                                
# of missing grades 5     5     0     5     5     0     0     0 
Average                      83.2              50.9  84.8    C+ 
Median                       85.0              51.5  85.4    C+ 
Standard Deviation            8.7               5.1   8.5   8.2  

 Filename:NGB44

       As the grades are entered, the Gradebook will calculate the
Total Grade and a Letter Grade automatically.  The letter grades
have a default setting.  These settings may be modified for each
gradesheet.  Escape to the Main Menu and choose (L)etter-
conversion.  The (L)etter-conversion option allows the letter - 
numeric conversion to be set separately for the Total Grade and All
Entries. 
21                                                    4-5 (L)etter-conversion

       In the table below, the All Entries column is the numeric
value that the GRADEBOOK assigns to the letter grade entered for a
student.  Any letter grade that appears in a gradesheet or in the
Edit-key option will be converted to the value in the All-Entries
column and then used to calculate then Total Grade.  These default
values can be changed to any values you desire.  The values
indicate the break points from one letter grade to anther.  For
example: a score of 80 to 82 would receive a 'C', a score of 83 to
86 would receive a 'C+', etc.  The two columns should have the same
values until the end of the semester (when all the grades are
entered), at which point the Total Grade values could be changed to
adjust the final class curve.

       When using the 'total points' option the values in the Total
Points column would be the total point values of the letter grade
break points instead of percentages as shown below.

Ŀ
Command or data:                                           
                                                           
                                                           
Letter       All          Total                            
Grade        Entries      Grade                            
                                                           
A+              103          103                           
A               100          100                           
A-               97           97                           
B+               93           93                           
B                90           90                           
B-               87           87                           
C+               83           83                           
C                80           80                           
C-               77           77                           
D+               73           73                           
D                70           70                           
D-               67           67                           
F+               63           63                           
F                60           60                           

  Filename:NGB45A

       The Total Grade column would normally be changed to reflect
the individual teachers grading style.  As an example highlight
each number in column Total Grade and change the values by
keyboarding in the new numbers shown below (press return or use the
down arrow key to enter the changes).  The changes only affect the
gradesheet currently being worked on.
22

Ŀ
Command or data:                                         
                                                         
                                                         
Letter       All          Total                          
Grade        Entries      Grade                          
                                                         
A+              103          98                          
A               100          95                          
A-               97          90                          
B+               93          88                          
B                90          85                          
B-               87          80                          
C+               83          78                          
C                80          75                          
C-               77          70                          
D+               73          68                          
D                70          65                          
D-               67          60                          
F+               63          58                          
F                60          55                          

 Filename:NGB45B
      Return to the gradesheet, note the difference in the letter
grades.

Ŀ
Command or data: _                    F1=Help      quiz 4  
Filename:NGB45B                                            
             Key  QZ-5   T-1   T-2   F-1 Total Est.  Letter
       Max-score    20   100   100   100 Grade Total Grade 
Name       Scale    +0    +0    +0    +0    +0 Grade       
                                                           
Lilli                     91              54.9  91.5    A- 
Mike                      89              55.1  91.8    A- 
Susan                     85              51.5  85.8    B  
Phil                      82              50.3  83.8    B- 
Max                       69              42.6  71.0    C- 
                                                           
# of missing grades  5     0     5     5     0     0     0 
Average                 83.2              50.9  84.8    B  
Median                  85.0              51.5  85.8    B  
Standard Deviation       8.7               5.1   8.4   8.4  

 Filename:NGB45B

       The letter conversion can be set so that there are no "+"s
and "-"s in the letter grade (end of term total grade).  The whole
letter range is set in the following manner:  Highlight the + or -
conversion value in the Total Grade column.  Press the spacebar and
then return (or the down arrow); the number will be replaced with
a blank space.  Do the same for every number in the Total Grade
column that is across from a + or a -.  Next, in the same column,
set the number across from the A at 90; B at 80; C at 70; D at 60;
F at 50.  Now 90 and above will be an A; 80 to 89 will be a B; 70
to 79 will be a C and so on.
23

Ŀ
Command or data:                                    
                                                    
                                                    
Letter       All          Total                     
Grade        Entries      Grade                     
                                                    
A+              103                                 
A               100          90                     
A-               97                                 
B+               93                                 
B                90          80                     
B-               87                                 
C+               83                                 
C                80          70                     
C-               77                                 
D+               73                                 
D                70          60                     
D-               67                                 
F+               63                                 
F                60          50                     
F-               57                                 

 Filename:NGB45C
      Return to the gradesheet, note the difference in the letter
grades.

Ŀ
Command or data: _       F1=Help      quiz 4               
Filename:NGB45C                                            
             Key  QZ-5   T-1   T-2   F-1 Total Est.  Letter
     Max-score      20   100   100   100 Grade Total Grade 
Name       Scale    +0    +0    +0    +0       Grade       
                                                           
Lilli                91              54.9  91.5    A  
Mike                      89              55.1  91.8    A  
Susan                     85              51.5  85.8    B  
Phil                      82              50.3  83.8    B  
Max                       69              42.6  71.0    C  
                                                           
# of missing grades  5     0     5     5     0     0     0 
Average                 83.2              50.9  84.8    B  
Median                  85.0              51.5  85.8    B  
Standard Deviation       8.7               5.1   8.5   8.4  

 Filename:NGB45C

                                                                     4-6 Scale

       The Scale is used to modify the scores for any Key column in
the gradesheet.  When a scale is used all the scores in the
selected column are increased or decreased by a given number of
points or a percentage.

       There are 3 ways to scale in the gradesheet: add points to a
key, subtract points from a key, and multiply the score by either
a number smaller than 1 (ie .9 to scale down ) or a number larger
than 1 (ie 1.1 to scale up).  For QZ-2, add 2 points to the score. 
24

Highlight the +0 in the scale row in column QZ-2.  Using file
NGB46, keyboard in +2 and press return.  Confirm the entry with a
y.  Note in the screen below that the "raw score" does not change. 
The Total Grade, Est. Total Grade and Lettr Grade are recomputed
and changed.  To return to a +0 scale keyboard in +0 in the scale
row.

Ŀ
Command or data: _                     F1=Help      quiz 4  
Filename:NGB46A                                             
           Key      QZ-2  T-1   T-2   F-1 Total Est.  Letter
       Max-score      20   20   100   100 Grade Total Grade 
Name     Scale        +2    0    +0    +0    +0 Grade       
                                                            
Lilli                 18   91              55.9  93.2    A- 
Mike                  19   89              56.1  93.5    A- 
Susan                 16   85              52.5  87.5    B  
Phil                  18   82              51.3  85.5    B  
Max                   15   69              43.6  72.7    C- 
                                                            
# of missing grades    0    0     5     5     0     0     0 
Average             17.2 83.2              51.9  86.5    B  
Median              18.0 85.0              52.5  87.8    B  
Standard Deviation   1.6  8.7               5.1   8.5   8.2  

 Filename:NGB46A
       To subtract 2 points, highlight a scale position and keyboard
in -2 and press return.

       To add 10%, we multiply by 1.1 (the whole value plus .1). 
Raise the scale of T-1 by 10%.  In the scale position under the Key
T-1, keyboard in *1.1.

Ŀ
Command or data: _                        F1=Help       quiz 4  
Filename:NGB46B                                                 
             Key QZ-2  QZ-5   T-1   T-2   F-1 Total Est.  Letter
       Max-score   20    20   100   100   100 Grade Total Grade 
Name     Scale     +2    +0  *1.1    +0    +0    +0 Grade       
                                                                
Lilli              18          91              59.5  99.2    A+ 
Mike               19          89              59.7  99.5    A+ 
Susan              16          85              55.9  93.2    A- 
Phil               18          82              54.6  91.0    A- 
Max                15          69              46.4  77.3    C  
                                                                
# of missing grades 0     5     0     5     5     0     0     0 
Average          17.2        83.2              55.5  92.0    A- 
Median           18.0        85.0              55.9  93.2    A- 
Standard Deviation1.6         8.7               5.4   9.0   9.4  
 
 Filename:NGB46B

       Note the changes to Total Grade, Est. Total Grade and Letter
Grade.  To reduce the grade by 10% use *.9  (90% of the grade)
instead of *1.1 (110% of the grade)
25

       The Total-Grade can also be scaled.  This provides a way to
raise or lower the class curve.  Any scaling of the Total-Grade
will also affect the Est-Total-Grade and the letter grade.  Beware
that scaling of the Total-Grade before the end of the term (all
grades entered) can lead to inflated Est-Total-Grade and letter
grade.

                                                              4-7 I.(D). Field

       The I.D. Field is an optional column which will appear to the
left of the name column.  From the Main Menu choose I.(D).-Field 
by pressing D and then return.  The following screen will appear:

Ŀ
 enter option  (0, 1 or 2)                                       
                                                                 
 The I.D.  field is a column which will appear on the left side  
 of the students name.  This column can be used for the  
 student-number, social-security-number or anything else.  There are
 2 possible field widths as shown below.  Once and I.D.  field is
 selected it can not be changed.                                   

Option                                                         
   0                       No I.D.  field                      
   1  1-5 characters                                             
   2                       1-11 characters                     


       If you enter the I.(D).-field option by mistake, use choice
0 or Esc to exit.  Once option 1 or 2 is taken, the field cannot be
changed or removed.  Numbers are entered into the ID # column while
in the gradesheet.  Move the cursor into the area where you want to
enter the ID number, keyboard in the number and press return or use
the cursor movement arrows.

                                                                      4-8 Sort

       The gradesheet can be sorted in the ID # column, Name column,
any Key column, and either Total Grade column.  Place the cursor in
the column to be sorted.  Press Alt-S (hold down the Alt key and
press S or s).  The following prompt will appear on the second line
of the screen.

       Ascending or Descending, Enter option (a or d)

       Choose a (or A) for an ascending sort or d (or D) for a
descending sort.  The program does a secondary sort in the name
column when any column other than the name column is being sorted. 
If the sort option is chosen by mistake, press Esc to return the
gradesheet.
                                                        4-9 Calculation On/Off

       The program automatically recalculates the Total Grade, Est.
Total Grade, and Letter Grade and statistics when scores are
changed or new scores are entered.  The automatic recalculation can
be turned off with the toggle Alt-C (hold down the Alt key and
press C or c).  A message  calculation-off will appear in the
center of the second line on the screen.  To turn recalculation
back on, use Alt-C again.
26

       Calculation Off will save time when entering a large amount
of data in big gradesheets.  If data entry is slowed down by
recalculation, try Alt-C while entering grades.  Remember to turn
Calculation On when finished.

                                                                    4-10 Graph

       The gradesheet can generate a bar graph of the
Number-of-Students vs. Percent -Correct for any graded column, the
Total Grade (or Total Point) or the Est. Total Grade/Point.  While
in the gradesheet select a column to be graphed by moving the
cursor into that column.  Press Alt-G (or Alt-g) and a graph will
replace the gradesheet (Esc will return you to the gradesheet). 
While in the Bar Graph, the left and right cursor movement arrows
will "scroll" the graph to the left and the right.  If there is a
score off of the screen, a small arrow will appear in the lower
right or left hand corner of the screen to indicate that there are
more grades out of sight.  The scale feature works while in the Bar
Graph in the same manner as while in the gradesheet (see 4-6) and
any scale changes made will be effective in the gradesheet.  If the
graph is of the Total Grade (Point) column, then the Letter-number
conversion may also be changed.  Keyboard in the letter grade to be
changed and press return. A prompt New percentage (New Points) will
appear on the command line.  Keyboard in the new number grade for
the letter selected and press return.  The graph will reflect the
changes.  Remember, all changes made in the graph are also
effective in the gradesheet.  To exit the graph, press Esc.  IBM 
graphics printers will print the graph by typing Alt-P.  Return to
the Gradesheet (Filename: NGB46B), highlight the Est. Total Grade
column and press Alt-G.  The following screen will appear.

Ŀ
  20 command or scale:                                       
N    present scale: +0                                       
u                                                            
m                                                            
b                                                            
e 15Ĵ
r                                                            
~    ~                                                          ~ 

~s   ~                                                          ~ 
t  5Ĵ
u                                                            
d                                                            
e                                                           ܳ
n                                                          ܳ
t  0ߴ
s                                        
  Ĵ
     0        40        50        60        70        80       
                        F-   F  F+D-   D  D+C-   C  C+B-   B  B
                               Scaled percentage                


       Try changing the scale and see what happens.  Also graph the
Total grade column and try changing the letter grade values.
27
                                                     4-11 Special Key-prefixes

       This section discusses 2 special Keys:  the extra-credit Key
and the no-credit Key.

Extra credit:
       The extra credit Key allows student to increase their final
grade by any percentage of the Total Grade but does not penalize
students who have no entry in this column.  The extra-credit key is
limited to only one column in the gradesheet per defined key.  If
you want several extra-credit entries in the gradesheet, there will
have to be a Key defined for each column used.  The Amount of extra
credit that can be earned in the extra-credit key is set in the %
of Grade column.  As an example, if the extra-credit key would be
worth and extra 10% of the Total Grade, Enter 10 in the % of Grade
column.  Note that the Total % should now read 100.0. (+ 10% Extra
Credit).  The amount of extra credit in the Total Grade that the
student receives would be his score on the extra credit Key divided
by the Max grade possible multiplied by the % of Grade.

No credit:
       The No-credit key allows grades to be entered into the
gradesheet that are not calculated into the Total Grade.  When the
No-credit key-prefix is used the message '1 No credit key' is
displayed under the description column.  If more than one No-credit
key is used the number '1' would be replaced by the number of No-
credit keys defined.  The no-credit key entries are only limited by
the total column limit of 200 entries in the gradesheet.  The Max
grade must be set for the no-credit key but do not set the % of
Grade

       Go to the (E)dit-keys and add 2 new Key prefixes: X- for
extra credit and N- for no credit. Preface the description of X-
with a *  and preface the description N- with a #.  After entering
the #nocredit key a message will appear at the bottom of the
Description column  1 No-credit-keys.  You should see something
similar to the following screen:

Ŀ
Command or data: _                                  F1=Help 
                                                            
Key       Description      Max     # to   % of   |-------Opt
prefix                     grade   drop   Grade   %    A    
                                                            
QZ-       quizzes             20      1     20              
 T-       tests              100            40              
 F-       final              100            35              
 A-     attend                 5             5        90    
 X-     *extra                10            10              
 N-     #nocredit             25                            
                                                            
  1 No-credit-keys   Total % 100.0  (+ 10.0 Extra Credit)   

 Filename:NGB411

                                                                   4-12 Import

   There are two import functions which allows data to be imported
directly into the gradebook from DOS text files.  The first allows
the importing of names or names/I.D. numbers.  The second allows
the importing of grades/scores.
28

Import names or names & I.D. numbers:
   This option is selected by typing "I" (for import) at the Main
Menu, and allows you to import student names and I.D. numbers from
a DOS text file.  The text file must be in SDF file format.  For
example to import two names or two name/I.D. numbers:

       --name only--                ----name & I.D.#----

       "Jones, Mike"                "Jones, Mike","34562"
       "Smith, William"             "Smith, William","76832"

   Each field must have double quotes around it and the name & I.D.
field must be separated by a comma.  The name may not exceed 20
characters and the I.D. number may not exceed the field width
selected from the I.D. field option of the Main Menu.
Before the file is imported into the gradebook, the data is checked
for correct format and any errors are displayed.  Any errors must
be corrected before the file is imported.  If there are already
students in the gradebook the students in the import file will be
appended to the bottom of the existing students.
   This import function is very useful for a large class.  Have your
computer services department download your class roster into a DOS
text file and then import that file.

Importing scores/grades:
   This option allows you to import scores/grades into a selected
column in the gradesheet.  The option is selected by typing ALT-I
while in the gradesheet with the highlighted area in the column
where the data is to be imported.  The scores/grades (along with
the name or I.D. number) are imported from a DOS text file and
assigned
to selective names or I.D. numbers.  The file must be in SDF file
format.  For example to import scores for two students:

       --name & scores--                               -I.D.# & scores-

       "Jones, Mike","89"                              "34256","89"
       "Smith, William","75"                           "23452","75"

   Each field must have double quotes around it.  The name or & I.D.
field must be first followed by a comma and then the score.  The
name or I.D.# must match those in the gradesheet, however, they do
not have to be in the same order.  If a name/I.D. # is not found in
the gradesheet the message 'STUDENT NOT FOUND' will be displayed
and you will be given the option to (1)select a student for the
score, (2)bypass the score, or (3)abort the remaining import
operation.  The name (or I.D. number) and score in question will be
shown on the top line of the screen to the right of the word
'Importing'.  The name or I.D. number is first and the score/grade
is second.  The last score (student) to be imported successfully
will still be highlighted (unless the error occurred on the first
student in the import file).  When selecting option 1, use the up-
arrow or down-arrow keys to highlight the correct student and press
return.
29

   This import option is very useful if you give any type of
computer graded test or assignments.  Modify the computer program
to produce a DOS text file in the above format and the import the
results directly into the gradebook.

   It is possible to import letter grades into a number grade column
and visa-versa.  If letter grades are imported into a number grade
column the letter entered for each student is converted into a
percentage using the (L)etter conversion table.  This percentage is
then multiplied by the Max Grade for the associated column and the
result is entered in the gradebook.  If number grades are being
imported into a letter grade column, the program will ask for a
'base value'.  The base value is usually the maximum score (or
adjusted maximum score) possible.  The score imported for each
student is divided by the base value, giving a percentage.  This
percentage is then compared to the (L)etter conversion table to
obtain the letter grade which is recorded in the gradebook. 


                                                       4-13 Variable Max Grade

   Variable Max Grade allows a Key Prefix to be defined in which
each entry (column) in the gradesheet may have a different maximum
grade value.  An example where this might be used is homework
assignments in math, where each assignment may be worth different
point values based on the number of problems assigned.  To make a
Key Prefix a variable Max Grade type, enter a 'V' in the Max Grade
column of the (E)dit Keys option.  Each time a column is added in
the gradebook using this type key you will be asked to enter the
Max Grade for that column.  Each column added may have a different
Max Grade value.  The final grade for this type key is calculated
by adding all the points earned by the student and dividing by the
total points possible (remember that blank grades are ignored).  A
Key-prefix using the variable Max Grade option can not be used as
an extra credit key.  Optional grading (points or percentage
option) can be used with the variable Max grade option, which will
allow one adjust the grading scale for a key of this type.  Once a
variable Max Grade column is added to the gradesheet, the Max Grade
can be changed at any time by (V)iewing the gradesheet,
highlighting the value to be changed and entering the new value.

   A Variable Max Grade key can have a value up to 3 entered in the
#-to-drop column.  When using the #-to-drop option the program will
drop the scores which will result in the greatest grade for the
Key.  It should be noted that the scores dropped may not be the
lowest in point value, but scores which will result in the highest
grade.
30                                                    EDIT-KEYS EXAMPLES
                                                        5-1 Edit-Keys Examples

Ŀ
Command or data: _                                      F1=Help 
                                                                
Key       Description       Max    # to   % of   |-------Optiona
prefix                     grade   drop   Grade   %    A    B   
                                                                
QZ-       quizzes             V       1     20                  
 T-       tests              100            40                  
 F-       final              100            35              
 A-       attend               5             5                  
 EA-      *extra credit 1     20             5                  
 EB-      *extra credit 2     20             5                  
 P-       #participation       1                                
                                                                 
        1 No-credit-key     Total % 100.0  (+ 10.0 Extra Credit)


QZ-  quizzes        Gradesheet may contain any number of columns for
                    quizzes.
                            The Variable Max Grade option is being used
                            so each quiz column can have a different
                            maximum grade.
                            One quiz score will be dropped.  The quiz
                            to be dropped will result in the highest
                            possible grade for quizzes.
                            Quizzes are worth 20% of the Total Grade.
 T-  tests          Gradesheet may contain any number of columns for
                    tests.
                            Each test column is worth 100 points.
                            No Tests will be dropped.
                            Tests are worth 40% of the Total Grade.
 F-  final          Gradesheet may contain any number of columns for
                    final.
                            Each final column is worth 100 points.
                            No finals will be dropped.
                            Final are worth 35% of the Total Grade.
 A-  attendance     Gradesheet may contain any number of columns for
                    attendance.
                            Each attendance column is worth 5 points.
                            No attendance will be dropped.
                            Attendance is worth 5% of the Total Grade.
EA-  *extra credit1 Gradesheet may contain only 1 column with
                    this Key prefix.
                            Extra credit 1 is worth 20 points.
                            After the Total Grade is calculated based
                            on the other Key                               
                            prefixes up to 5% can be added to that
                            total.
                            First character of description must be a
                            '*' for extra credit.
EB-  *extra credit2  Gradesheet may contain only 1 column with
                     this Key prefix.
                            Extra credit 2 is worth 20 points.
                            After the Total Grade is calculated based
                            on the other Key                       prefixes
                            up to 5% can be added to that total.
                            First character of description must be a
                            '*' for extra credit.
31

P-   #participation         Gradesheet may contain any number of
                            columns for participation.             
                            Each participation column is worth 1 point.
                            Participation is not calculated into the
                            Total Grade.
                            Entries in this Key prefix are for
                            information only.
                            First character of description must be '#'
                            for No-Credit.
32

Ŀ
Command or data: _                                      F1=Help 
                                                                
Key   Description  Max   # to  % of   |-------Optional grading--
prefix             grade drop  Grade   %    A    B    C    D   F
                                                                
QZ-  Quizzes        20    1     20                              
 C-  Concerts        1          30         6    5    4    3   3 
TP-  Term Paper      A          20                              
 A-  Attendance      1          20        30   25   20   15  10 
 W-  Written Assig  10    1     10    %   75   60   50   40   0 
                                                                 
                      Total % 100.0                             

QZ-  quizzes        Gradesheet may contain any number of columns for
                    quizzes.
                            Each quiz column is worth 20 points.
                            The lowest score on any quiz will be
                            dropped.
                            Quizzes are worth 20% of the Total Grade.
 C-  Concerts       Optional grading, Points option;  The gradesheet
                    will contain 6 columns.  One column for each
                    concert and each column being worth 1 point.  If
                    the student attends all 6 concerts he/she will
                    receive a 'A', 5 concerts a 'B', 4 concerts a 'C',
                    3 concerts a 'D' and less then 3 will receive no
                    credit.
                            Concerts are worth 30% of the Total Grade.
TP-  Term Paper     Gradesheet may contain any number of columns for
                    the Term Paper.
                            Letter grades will be given to the Term
                            Paper.
                            Term Paper is worth 20% of the Total Grade.
 A-  Attendance     Optional grading, Points option; The gradesheet
                    will contain 30 columns for Attendance.  Each
                    column will be worth 1 point.  If a student
                    accumulates 30 points he/she will receive a 'A',
                    25 points a 'B', 20 points a 'C', 15 points a 'D',
                    10 points a 'F' and less than 10 points will
                    receive no credit.
                            Attendance is worth 20% of the Total Grade.
 W-  Written Assg.          Optional grading, Percentage option;
                            Gradesheet may contain any number of
                            columns for Written Assignments.  Each
                            assignment will be worth 10 points.  One
                            lowest score will be dropped.  A letter
                            grade will be assigned based on the
                            following percentages; 75%=A, 60%=B, 50%=C,
                            40%=D and lower than 40=F.
                            Written Assignments are worth 10% of the
                            Total Grade.  
Note:               When using Optional grading it is important to
                    enter all the columns required.  In our example:
                    6 columns for Concerts and 30 columns for
                    Attendance.  Unlike the regular grading which
                    ignores the blank grades, Optional grading uses
                    the number of blank grades to project the Est.
                    Total Grade.  At the end of the term every
                    Optional grading column must have a score.  See
                    the Optional grading section for additional
                    information.
33                    
                                                     RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE
                                                     6-1 Recommended Procedure

     The following is a recommended procedure for using THE NOBLE
GRADEBOOK.

     1.  Select (E)dit keys from the Main Menu and define the types
         of test, assignments, papers, etc.            

     2.  Add your students names (and I.D. numbers if desired).  Use
         the (I)mport option if you can.

     3.  Select the (L)etter-conversion option from the Main Menu
         and change the letter grade values if you desire.  Remember
         that both columns should have the same value until the end
         of the term.

     4.  Select co(N)figuration from the Main Menu and enter the
         course and semester descriptions.  Enter any printer setup
         information you need for your hardware (see configuration
         section).

     5.  If you are using Optional grading enter all the columns in
         the gradesheet for the optional grading for key-prefix. 
         See the section on optional grading if you need help.

     6.  Add the other columns as needed or of you know what all the
         columns will be you can add them now.

     7.  After you enter (or Import) the scores/grades for each
         column use the Alt-G (graph) to display the class curve for
         that column and use the Scale feature, if you wish, to
         adjust the curve.  This Scale feature can also be used to
         give all the students credit for a bad question on a test. 

     8.  Once all the grades are in (end of term) use the Alt-G
         (Graph) option on the Total Grade column.  While in the bar
         graph you can adjust the curve of whole class with the
         Scale option or change the value of individual letter
         grades (see section on Graph).  If you change the value of
         the letter grades while in the bar graph option, you are
         also changing the values which appear in the Total-grade
         column of (L)etter-conversion option of the Main Menu.  At
         this time the value of the two columns in the (L)etter-
         conversion option will not be the same.  Once the graph of
         the Total Grade meets you approval and you exit the graph
         option, the gradesheet will be recalculated and your end of
         term grades will be completed.  Remember that a '#' to the
         right of the letter grade indicates that the Total Grade &
         Est Total Grade are not the same, therefore the Letter
         grade is not the true end of term grade for the student
         (see section '% of Grade').
34                                                          ERROR MESSAGES
                                                            7-1 Error Messages

Error, 8 characters max for the name (may be preceded by path).
     A file name can only be 8 characters maximum.  The name
     can be preceded by a valid path, ie c:\grades\name.  The
     Noble Gradebook will append the extension .GBK to each
     name.

Error, data must be a numeric value. 
     A number is the only valid response to the question asked.  No
     letters or special characters are allowed. 

Error, disk write.  Gradesheet 'not' saved. (possibly disk full) 
     Your Gradesheet is not saved.  The most probable cause of this
     error is insufficient disk space to save the current
     Gradesheet.  If this should be the case, save the Gradesheet
     on another disk before proceeding.  Malfunctioning hardware can
     also cause this error.

Error, each key_prefix must have a 'Max Grade' assigned.
     One or more of the Key-Prefix have a blank in the Max-Grade
     column.  Each Key-Prefix must have a Max-Grade assigned.

Error, extra credit Key-prefixes can only have one gradesheet
entry.
     This Key-prefix can not be changed to Extra-credit because
     there are more than one column in the Gradesheet with this Key-
     prefix. Each Extra-credit Key-prefix can only have one column
     (entry) in the gradesheet. 

Error, extra credit or non credit keys can not use optional
grading. 
     Optional grading will not work with either Extra-credit or Non-
     credit Key prefixes.  The Optional grading columns must be
     blank in order to have a Key-prefix either Extra-credit or Non-
     credit.

Error, invalid key-prefix
     A valid Key-prefix must be one or two letters followed by
     a hyphen (-). Examples of valid Key-prefixes would be T-,
     TT-, HW-, F-, MT-, etc.  Key-prefix may be enter either in
     upper or lower case.  In either case Gradebook will
     convert to upper case.

Error, Invalid name/path (must be DOS format)
     A valid DOS name may not have move then 8 characters before the
     period and no more then 3 characters after the period.  A valid
     path would be a disk drive specification followed by a
     directory name.  For example: A:\mydir\filename.ext

Error, must be '%' or blank
     The entry in this column must be either a '%' symbol or a
     blank.  A blank is produced by pressing the space bar one time,
     and then pressing the 'Return' key.

Error, must be 0 - 100
     Valid numbers would be greater than or equal to zero and less
     then or equal to 100.  Examples are 0, 100, 45, 87, etc.
35

Error, must be 0 - 9
     Valid numbers would be a whole number greater than or equal to
     zero and less than or equal to 9.  Examples 0, 9, 3, 6, etc.

Error, must be 0 to 999.9
     Valid numbers would be greater than or equal to zero and less
     then 1000.  Examples are 0, 1.25 ,100, 34.5, 150.5, etc.

Error, must be 1 to 20 characters
     The entry must be less than 20 characters.  Letters, numbers
     or special characters are allowed.


Error, must be 4 digits max from 0 - 9999.
     A valid number must be greater than or equal to 0 and less than
     or equal to 9999 and can not contain more than 4 characters.

Error, must be greater than 0 and less than 10,000 or 'V'
     The Max grade must be greater than 0 and less than 10,000.  If
     using the Var Max Grade option a 'V' may be entered for the Max
     grade.

Error, must be a numeric value preceded by '+', '-' or '*'."
     Examples of valid Scale factors would be: *1.1 for 10%
     increase, *.9 for a 10% decrease, +2 for a 2 point increase, -
     3 for a 3 point decrease.  If you use the '*' the students raw
     score will be multiplied by the value.  If you use the '+' or
     '-' the raw score will be either increased or decreased by the
     value.  Remember that the raw score which shows in the
     Gradesheet is not changed its value is adjusted before being
     used to calculate the Total Grade.

Error, must be a valid key-prefix & 1 or 2 characters
     A valid key must be a valid Key-prefix (defined in the Edit-Key
     option) followed be one or two number, letters or special
     characters.  The only character not allowed is the hyphen (-).

Error, must be a valid letter grade.
     Valid Letter-Grades are A+, A, A-, B+, B, B-, C+, C, C-, D+,
     D, D-, F+, F. 

Error, must be a whole number between 0 - 130. 
     Valid numbers would be greater or equal to zero and less than
     or equal than 130 and would have no fractional part.  Examples
     would be 0, 130, 25, 67, 105, etc.

Error, must be one or two letters followed by a '-' 
     A valid Key-prefix must be one or two letters followed by a
     hyphen (-). Examples of valid Key-prefixes would be T-, TT-,
     HW-, F-, MT-, etc.  Key-prefix may be enter either in upper or
     lower case.  In either case Gradebook will convert to upper
     case.

Error, non credit keys can not have entries in %-of-Total Grade.
     %-of-Total-Grade does not apply to Non-credit Key-prefixes. 
     %-of-Total-Grade must be blank for Non-credit Key-prefixes.  
36

Error, please answer 'y' or 'n'
     You must answer 'y' or 'n' or 'Y' or 'N'.  No other response
     will be accepted.

Error, printer is not ready, please fix.
     The printer is either not connected or is not on-line (ready).

Error, scores in the 'All Entries' column can not be deleted.
     Scores can not be deleted form the All-Entries column.  These
     scores are used to convert letter grades to number grades which
     are then used to calculate the Total Grade and the Est. Total
     Grade.

Error, the maximum number of columns have been added.
     The maximum number of entries (columns) for a single Gradesheet
     is 150.  The current Gradesheet has the 150 entry limit.
Error, the maximum number of Key-prefixes have been added. 
     The maximum number of Key-prefixes is 18.  The current
     Gradesheet has reached that limit.
Error, the maximum number of students have been added.
     The maximum number of students for a single Gradesheet is 150. 
     The current Gradesheet has the 150 student limit.

Error, this key already exists
     A key can not be repeated in the same Gradesheet.  A Key-prefix
     can be repeated (except for extra-credit) however the
     characters following the '-' must be unique.

Error, this Key-prefix already exists
     The Key-prefix entered is already used.  Each Key-prefix must
     be unique.

Error, this Key-prefix has more than one entry in the gradesheet.
     This Key-prefix can not be changed to extra-credit because
     there is more than one column in the Gradesheet with using this
     Key-prefix.  Each extra-credit Key-prefix can only have one
     column (entry) in the Gradesheet.  You can however have more
     than one extra-credit Key-prefix.

Error, this Key-prefix must first be deleted from the gradesheet
     Before the Key-prefix can be removed from the Edit-Keys tables
     all columns in the gradesheet using this Key-prefix must be
     removed.

Error, too many characters for this field.
     You typed too many characters for the current field.

Error, To import the highlighted area must be in a graded column.
     The movable highlighted area must be in a column that can
     receive a grade.  It can not be in the I.D.#, name, or Total
     Grade columns.

Error, Total Grade can not be changed.
     The Total Grade is a calculated field which is derived from the
     other entries in the Gradesheet.  The Total Grade can be scaled
     but not changed directly from the keyboard.
37

Error, unable to open file
     The file name entered does not exist on the selected/default
     disk.  Be sure the name is spelled correctly and do not include
     the extension .GBK

Error, values in letter-conversion table are no longer sequential
     While either in the letter_conversion or the bar-graph options
     you changed the values of the letter grades so that values do
     not decrease sequentially.  An example would be that a "B" was
     changed to 110 and the "A" has a value of 100.

Error, Variable Max Grade: 3 drop max.  Can't be extra cedit
     When using a Key prefix with the variable-Max-Grade option, you
     can not use the #-to-drop or the extra credit (*) options with
     this Key prefix.


