       Document 0807
 DOCN  M95A0807
 TI    Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor: a human saliva protein
       exhibiting anti-human immunodeficiency virus 1 activity in vitro.
 DT    9510
 AU    McNeely TB; Dealy M; Dripps DJ; Orenstein JM; Eisenberg SP; Wahl SM;
       Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Dental Research,;
       National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
 SO    J Clin Invest. 1995 Jul;96(1):456-64. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE
       MED/95340855
 AB    Infection of adherent primary monocytes with HIV-1Ba-L is significantly
       suppressed in the presence of human saliva. By reverse transcriptase
       (RT) levels, saliva, although present for only 1 h during monocyte viral
       exposure, inhibited HIV-1 infectivity for 3 wk after infection, whereas
       human plasma and synovial fluid failed to inhibit HIV-1 infectivity.
       Antiviral activity was identified in the saliva soluble fraction, and to
       determine the factor(s) responsible, individual saliva proteins were
       examined. Of those proteins examined, only secretory leukocyte protease
       inhibitor (SLPI) was found to possess anti-HIV-1 activity at
       physiological concentrations. SLPI anti-HIV-1 activity was dose
       dependent, with maximal inhibition at 1-10 micrograms/ml (> 90%
       inhibition of RT activity). SLPI also partially inhibited HIV-1IIIB
       infection in proliferating human T cells. SLPI appears to target a host
       cell-associated molecule, since no interaction with viral proteins could
       be demonstrated. However, SLPI anti-HIV-1 activity was not due to direct
       interaction with or downregulation of the CD4 antigen. Partial depletion
       of SLPI in whole saliva resulted in decreased anti-HIV-1 activity of
       saliva. These data indicate that SLPI has antiretroviral activity and
       may contribute to the important antiviral activity of saliva associated
       with the infrequent oral transmission of HIV-1.
 DE    Amino Acid Sequence  Human  HIV-1/*DRUG EFFECTS  Molecular Sequence Data
       Monocytes/VIROLOGY  Recombinant Proteins/PHARMACOLOGY  Saliva/PHYSIOLOGY
       Serine Proteinase Inhibitors/*PHARMACOLOGY  Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
       Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.  T-Lymphocytes/VIROLOGY  Virus
       Inhibitors/*PHARMACOLOGY  JOURNAL ARTICLE

       SOURCE: National Library of Medicine.  NOTICE: This material may be
       protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).

