       Document 0745
 DOCN  M9550745
 TI    HIV type 1 induction of interleukin 1 and 6 production by human thymic
       cells.
 DT    9505
 AU    Sandborg CI; Imfeld KL; Zaldivar F Jr; Berman MA; Department of
       Medicine, University of California at Irvine 92717.
 SO    AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1994 Oct;10(10):1221-9. Unique Identifier :
       AIDSLINE MED/95151359
 AB    In vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that HIV can infect
       thymocytes at different maturational stages and lead to changes in the
       thymic microenvironment. To determine the effect of HIV on thymic
       stromal cells and the production of cytokines important in thymocyte
       development, three types of adherent thymic cultures were established
       and studied: thymic epithelial cells (TECs), macrophage-enriched, and
       mixed cultures of macrophages and TECs (M phi/TEC). Cultures were
       exposed to HIV-1 strains HIV-1IIIB and HIV-1Ba-L, and studied from day 2
       to day 26 for the presence of infection, cytopathology, and cytokine
       (IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, and IL-6) production. M phi/TEC and
       macrophage-enriched cultures were infected by both HIV strains without
       cytopathic changes. The TECs grew well in culture for at least 6 weeks
       and showed no evidence of infection, cytopathology, or changes in
       cytokine production with HIV. Only cultures containing macrophages (M
       phi/TEC or macrophage enriched) showed changes in cytokine production
       with HIV. Sustained production of IL-1 alpha was seen for up to 20 days,
       with small or no increases in IL-1 beta. M phi/TEC cultures produced
       high constitutive levels of IL-6 that were not changed by HIV.
       Unstimulated macrophage-enriched cultures produced small amounts of IL-6
       that were increased by HIV 20-fold. This study suggests that HIV
       infection in vivo can lead to infection of thymic macrophages resulting
       in cytokine abnormalities and a constant source for HIV to infect
       maturing thymocytes. These cytokine effects could lead to abnormal
       maturation and contribute to the lack of regeneration of the mature CD4+
       T cell pool.
 DE    Antibodies, Monoclonal  Cells, Cultured  Comparative Study
       Cytokines/BIOSYNTHESIS  Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
       Epithelium/IMMUNOLOGY/VIROLOGY  HIV Core Protein
       p24/ANALYSIS/BIOSYNTHESIS  HIV-1/IMMUNOLOGY/*PHYSIOLOGY
       Interleukin-1/*BIOSYNTHESIS  Interleukin-6/*BIOSYNTHESIS
       Lipopolysaccharides/PHARMACOLOGY  Macrophages/IMMUNOLOGY/VIROLOGY
       Support, Non-U.S. Gov't  Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.  T-Lymphocytes/DRUG
       EFFECTS/IMMUNOLOGY/*VIROLOGY  Thymus Gland/DRUG
       EFFECTS/*IMMUNOLOGY/*VIROLOGY  JOURNAL ARTICLE

       SOURCE: National Library of Medicine.  NOTICE: This material may be
       protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).

