       Document 0664
 DOCN  M9550664
 TI    HIV infection and cocaine use in methadone maintained and untreated
       intravenous drug users.
 DT    9505
 AU    Meandzija B; O'Connor PG; Fitzgerald B; Rounsaville BJ; Kosten TR;
       Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New;
       Haven, CT 06511.
 SO    Drug Alcohol Depend. 1994 Oct;36(2):109-13. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE
       MED/95154177
 AB    In a survey of 424 intravenous drug users (IVDUs) of whom 107 were
       currently enrolled in a methadone maintenance program (MMP), we assessed
       risk behaviors for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) transmission and
       conducted HIV testing. We found that African Americans were
       over-represented in the HIV infected group and under-represented in the
       methadone maintenance treatment group. Furthermore, subjects in current
       methadone maintenance treatment reported fewer drug injections in the
       last 30 days, a reduced speedball (a heroin/cocaine mixture) injection
       frequency and reduced total cocaine and injected cocaine use. HIV
       infected subjects reported 20% more cocaine use and injected cocaine use
       than HIV negatives. However, this difference was due to African
       Americans reporting more cocaine use and at the same time being
       over-represented in the HIV infected group. Stratified analysis by
       ethnicity found significant MMP effects for all ethnic groups, but only
       one significant HIV status effect, and this was limited to African
       Americans. Cocaine injection frequency in African Americans was
       significantly higher for the HIV infected versus non-infected subjects.
       We conclude that i.v. cocaine use is a risk factor associated with HIV
       infection and that methadone maintenance treatment is associated with
       reducing this risk factor. Furthermore, African American cocaine users
       are at great risk for HIV infection, and increased efforts for
       engagement in treatment are necessary.
 DE    Adolescence  Adult  Blacks  *Cocaine  Cohort Studies  Comparative Study
       Female  Health Behavior  Heroin
       Dependence/COMPLICATIONS/ETHNOLOGY/*REHABILITATION  Hispanic Americans
       Human  HIV Infections/ETHNOLOGY/PREVENTION & CONTROL/*TRANSMISSION  Male
       Methadone/*THERAPEUTIC USE  Middle Age  Risk Factors  Substance Abuse,
       Intravenous/COMPLICATIONS/ETHNOLOGY/  *REHABILITATION  Substance
       Dependence/COMPLICATIONS/ETHNOLOGY/*REHABILITATION  Support, U.S. Gov't,
       P.H.S.  Whites  JOURNAL ARTICLE

       SOURCE: National Library of Medicine.  NOTICE: This material may be
       protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).

