@SUBJECT:A Biologist's Guide to Internet Resources (1 of 6)           
Message-ID: <1993Aug24.010133.5737@news.yale.edu>
Newsgroup: sci.bio,sci.answers,news.answers
Organization: Yale University

Archive-name: biology/guide/part1
Last-modified: 23 August 1993


  A Biologist's Guide to Internet Resources
          Version 1.6, 23 August 1993

 Una Smith Department of Biology  smith-una@yale.edu
   Yale University
   New Haven, CT  06511  USA


-*- Contents

 +  1. Introduction
 +      1. How to Use This Guide
 +      2. How to Get Updates 
 +      3. Some Mind-Boggling Statistics

    2. Networking     (part 2 of 6)
 +      1. Netiquette
        2. Usenet
 +          1. Newsgroups of Special Interest
 +          2. Special Usenet Hierarchies and Gated Mailing Lists
            3. Usenet FAQs about Usenet
 +      3. Mailing Lists Using LISTSERV
            1. Commands
            2. Archives
 +          3. Gateways to Usenet
 +      4. Other Mailing Lists
 +      5. Newsletters

    3. Biological Research Archives   (part 3 of 6)
 +      1. Bibliographies
 +      2. Directories
        3. Software
        4. Data
            1. Systematic Databases
 +          2. Search Engines
 +      5. List of Archives
        6. Access Tools
            1. Telnet 
            2. Anonymous FTP
 +          3. Anonymous FTP by E-mail
            4. Gopher
            5. Archie
            6. Veronica
            7. Wide-Area Information Servers (WAIS)
            8. World-Wide Web (WWW)

    4. Useful and Important FAQs   (part 4 of 6 begins)
        1. What's an FAQ and where can I get one?
        2. Does anyone have an e-mail address for X?
        3. How do I find a good graduate program?
        4. Where can I get old newsgroup/mailing list articles?
        5. Where can I find biology-related job announcements?

    5. Commercial Services

 *  Acknowledgements

 +  Bibliography     (part 5 of 6)

 +  Appendix. Assorted Mailing Lists Using LISTSERV (part 6 of 6)

    Note:  + indicates changes or new items, * indicates important changes.


-*- 1. Introduction

    Due to its large and steadily increasing size, this guide has been split
    into 6 parts for distribution via the Internet.  Each part is fairly 
    independent of the others, and can be obtained separately, if desired.
    However, this guide was written as a single document, and is most useful
    when complete.

    If you find this guide difficult to understand, you might want to read
    one of the published Internet guidebooks listed in the bibliography and
    mentioned several times in this guide.  In the interest of brevity, no 
    information that is easily obtained elsewhere is duplicated here in any
    detail, thus for a full understanding of the resources and tools listed
    here it is helpful to read the cited material as well.  


-*- 1.1. How to Use This Guide

    This guide may be freely distributed, provided that the text is not edited
    in any way beyond removal of the headers and concatenation of the parts. 
    The format may be changed in any way that is convenient for printed or
    electronic presentation.  This guide may be freely adapted, provided that
    the source is acknowledged.  However, this guide may not be sold for
    profit, in either the original or an adapted form, without permission from
    the author.

    Virtually every service or resource mentioned in this guide (and this
    guide itself) is the un-paid, voluntary contribution of scientists and
    students, both graduate and undergraduate.  Please give credit where due. 
    If you make significant use of any document, data or software provided
    via the Internet, the authors would be grateful if you would cite them or
    otherwise acknowledge their efforts.  Any publicly available material 
    should be considered formally published, and cited as such.  You need
    not acknowledge the administrators of archives from which you obtain data,
    software, or other material, but if you find an archive especially useful
    in and of itself, please contact the administrator to ask about the
    prefered form of acknowledgement.

    A suggested citation for this guide is:

 Smith, Una R. (1993) "A Biologist's Guide to Internet Resources."
 Usenet sci.answers.  Available via anonymous FTP and e-mail from
        rtfm.mit.edu as file pub/usenet/news.answers/biology/guide.  40 pages.

    Every attempt is made to keep the information in this guide up-to-date
    and correct.  Your assistance is greatly appreciated.  Before reporting
    an error or omission, please be sure that you have the latest version. 
    Thank you!


-*- 1.2. How to Get Updates

    This guide is updated more-or-less monthly.  The most current version
    is available via Usenet, gopher, FTP and e-mail.  Please do not ask the
    author to send you a copy, nor refer others to the author.

    - In Usenet, look in sci.bio or sci.answers.

    - Gopher to sunsite.unc.edu, and choose this sequence of menu items:

 Sunsite Archives
  ecology+evolution

      Or, from any gopher offering other biology gophers by topic, look for
      the menu item "Ecology and Evolution [at UNC and Yale]".  The guide is
      stored there in two ways:  as a file for easy retrieval and as a menu
      for browsing.

    - FTP to rtfm.mit.edu.  Give the username "anonymous" and your e-mail
      address as the password.  Use the "cd" command to go to the directory

  pub/usenet/news.answers/biology/

      and use "get guide" to copy the file to your computer.  The file is
      actually stored as guide.Z, which is a compressed binary file, but if
      you specify "guide" it will be uncompressed and translated to readable
      ASCII before it is transfered to your computer.  You can also use
      anonymous FTP to sunsite.unc.edu, where this guide is stored as

  pub/academic/biology/ecology+evolution/FAQ.

    - Send e-mail to mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu with the text
      "send usenet/news.answers/biology/guide".  Because the guide is long,
      you will probably receive it in parts:  save each part separately,
      delete the e-mail headers, and merge them.

    See section 3.6, Access Tools for more information about retrieving
    information from the Internet.


-*- 1.3. Some Mind-Boggling Statistics

    Recently, approximately 370,000 articles per week were copied worldwide
    through Usenet (Anonymous 1993).  This traffic constituted roughly 50
    megabytes (or 20,000 printed pages) per day of announcements, questions
    and answers, advice and bits of program code, references, heated debates,
    and raw data.  This is only a small fraction of the information added to
    the Internet in that same time.  There are now nearly a million registered
    computers on the Internet, and thus tens of millions of people;  an
    estimated 10 million people have accounts on 97,000 computers carrying
    Usenet, and 2.6 million people read Usenet news at least occasionally
    (Reid 1993b).  There are several thousand world-wide Usenet newsgroups,
    several thousand listserver mailing lists, and several thousand other,
    generally small mailing lists. 

    It appears that there are on the order of 10,000 people who read Usenet
    Usenet newsgroups relating to biology (Reid 1993a), and there may be that
    many using mailing lists for topics in biology.  All together, there are
    several hundred newsgroups and mailing lists that may be of particular
    interest to biologists.  They are listed in section 2, Networking, and the
    appendix, Assorted Mailing Lists Using LISTSERV.

-- 

      Una Smith      Department of Biology       smith-una@yale.edu
                     Yale University
                     New Haven, CT  06511



*****************************************************************Last-modified: 23 August 1993


-*- 2. Networking

    The Internet has become an excellent place in which to look for academic
    and professional job announcements, conference announcements and calls
    for papers, and important notices about recent events in many fields of
    biology.  Generally, notices of all forms appear on the Internet well in
    advance of traditional journals and newsletters.  Scientific interest
    groups, both formal and informal ones, maintain electronic discussion
    groups, directories, digests and newsletters.  These resources are
    distributed in three principal ways:  via Usenet newsgroups, (automated)
    listserver mailing lists, and mailing lists administered by real people. 
    Increasingly, the two forms of mailing list have "gateways" connecting
    them with Usenet newsgroups.  


-*- 2.1. Netiquette

    The professionally-oriented newsgroups and mailing lists follow certain
    conventions of etiquette.  These are none other than those used by most
    people at public events such as academic conferences.  In fact, most of
    the science-related newsgroups (and mailing lists) are very much like
    mid-sized meetings of any professional society, except that they never
    end.  The participants come and go as they please, but the discussion
    and exchange of ideas and information continues.

    Submitted articles tend to be of the following types:

    - Discussions on topics of general interest.  Discussions on specific
      topics, techniques, or organisms are also frequent.

    - Announcements of upcoming conferences or other events, calls for papers
      or grant proposal deadlines.  In Usenet, announcements can be set to
      expire (and thus disappear from the list of current articles), and may
      be limited in their distribution so that they are seen only by readers
      in the appropriate organization or geographical area (Beware, this
      feature is often leaky;  see section 2.2, Usenet). 
 
    - Academic and professional job announcements, including many graduate
      fellowships.  These are generally posted in newsgroups/mailing lists
      reserved for such notices, often in advance of publication elsewhere.

    - Reports or comments on new books, papers, methods or software.  Full
      citation of sources is always appropriate and appreciated.  Requests
      for references or comments are also welcome and, when posed as specific
      questions of general interest, often lead to interesting discussions.

    Unacceptable articles include:

    - Commercial advertizements, political lobbying messages, and anything
      not pertaining directly to the topic or purview of the newsgroup or
      mailing list.  Discussions about some commercial products, especially
      books and software, are generally allowed as long as they do not
      constitute advertisements.

    - Requests by students for explicit answers to homework and exam or essay
      questions are generally not welcome.  Requests for help understanding
      problems in biology are welcome, but the requester should demonstrate
      at least a basic understanding of the question.

    Some helpful suggestions:

    - Read before you post (look before you leap)

    Before posting an article for the first time, read the discussions for
    a week or so.  Look for a "FAQ" document that covers frequently asked
    questions, before you make the mistake of asking one yourself.  FAQs
    are an excellent way to learn a great deal about the culture and
    resources of the Internet, plus a great deal more.  FAQs about resources
    are updated often (usually monthly) to keep as up-to-date as possible. 
    (They are far more current than traditionally published books listing
    Internet resources!)  Each newsgroup or mailing list has its own unique
    character, that is built from the shared experience of loyal and active
    participants exchanging ideas and information over the course of years.
    
    - Always include your full name and e-mail address 

    Put these at the end of your message, with your usual signature.  You
    might want to use a .signature file (standard on most Unix systems, also
    implemented for Usenet and e-mail readers under VM/CMS) to make this
    automatic. This is necessary because strange things often happen to
    headers in e-mail or Usenet articles sent from one network to another.
    You may want to include your affiliation and/or mailing address, so that
    others can send you re-prints, and to help in networking outside of the
    Internet.  Traditionally, people do not indicate their status;  whether
    student or professor, Ph.D. or not, etc.  It is generally believed that
    the text-only nature of communication via the Internet allows people to
    form opinions of one another that are based more on intellectual merit
    than on other, perhaps more superficial qualities.  Either way, you have
    an unusual degree of control over what others can know about you, and it
    is to your advantage to use a .signature file that reflects you well.

    - Send private replies whenever appropriate

    Answers to very esoteric questions are often best sent directly to the
    person who asked for help, rather than to the newsgroup;  the choice of
    whether to post a (public) reply or send (private) e-mail is a personal
    decision.  If you send a reply by e-mail, and would prefer that it be
    kept private, you should say so in your note, because otherwise the other
    person may share your comments with others.  If the original poster
    promises to post a summary at the outset, then all replies should be
    sent by e-mail, unless they constitute an important re-direction of the
    original question.

    - Summarize the replies to your article
      
    Whenever a question or request for information results in many replies,
    it is expected that the person who posted the original article will
    compile and post a summary of the responses.

    - Use care when writing summaries
    
      - The "best" answers should come first.
      - All answers should be separated clearly, and nicely formatted.
      - Redundant, irrelevant or verbose comments, and errors of fact or
        spelling should be edited out.  It is appropriate to use square
        brackets and dots to indicate editing [...].   
      - Exercise discretion and tact, to ensure a fair and accurate summary.
      - Unless they asked that their names be withheld, the contributors of
        each answer should be named and thanked, individually or as a group.
  
    - Avoid starting nasty arguments or "flame wars"
   
      - Be generous when interpreting the arguments of others.
      - Avoid jargon;  write as though addressing an educated lay audience.
      - Avoid personal attacks on the honor or character of others.
      - Remember, the exercise will be good for you.
   
    If something you read angers you, save it for a few hours while you do
    something else (don't reply on an empty stomach).  Go back to it when
    you are calm and relaxed (and you have thought of a good rebuttal!). 
    If you simply must say something highly critical that is not confined
    to the subject under discussion (i.e., strays from intellectual argument
    into the realm of personal insult), consider sending it privately via 
    e-mail, rather than posting or mailing to the group.  And if you read
    something insulting to you, do not respond immediately;  give yourself
    time to cool off and think of a tactful (but also devastating) response.
    E-mail can be a powerful tool, but only if you use it well.

    - Be careful about quotations, citations and copyrights

    The Internet has grown to the point where it has become reasonable to
    cite documents that exist officially only in an electronic version on 
    the Internet.  And the issue of authenticity and version control has
    become extremely important.  Thus, it has become appropriate to express
    copyrights, and to specify within documents how they may or may not be
    used, both within the Internet and in print.  Please respect these
    restrictions, which are often very generous, and send the author e-mail
    if you have any doubts about the intended use of any Internet document.

    As a rule of thumb, you may freely cite or quote anything posted to a
    newsgroup or mailing list in that forum *only*.  For citations or quotes
    elsewhere, it is hoped, even expected, that you will first request express
    permission from the author, which is easy, given the author's e-mail
    address.  Although there has been a trend to cite specific articles posted
    in Usenet, it is generally satisfactory to use the "personal communication"
    formula, but for this reason you should request a specific, personal
    statement from the author that is directly relevant to and given in the
    context of the issue that you wish to address.


-*- 2.2. Usenet

    Usenet is a convention, in every sense of the word.

    Usenet is a system of organized "newsgroups" sharing many features with
    traditional newsletters, mailing lists and focused scientific societies.
    Usenet is Internet-based (although before the Internet existed it was 
    distributed via UUCP), and strongly developed so that end users need
    know only how to interact with the particular Usenet "reader" program
    on their computers.  Features of Usenet that make it far superior to the
    two types of mailing lists generally include the sorting or "threading"
    of all articles on a related topic, control of the distribution of
    posted articles to hierarchical levels (e.g., the author's university,
    state, country, or continent--but this feature may "leak"), the ability
    to cancel an article even after it has been distributed, and automatic
    expiration of dated articles.  To test any of these features, especially
    the distribution control, try posting an article to misc.test;  your
    article will receive "echoes" from other sites that receive it.

    Usenet is "free", but not cheap;  because it requires a lot of computer
    disk space, and a certain amount of installation and regular maintenance
    work by a system administrator, not all computer systems carry Usenet. 
    If Usenet is carried locally, it may still be necessary to prod the local
    Usenet administrator to add the bionet and bit.listserv newsgroups to the
    local "feed".  Usenet was created by two Duke University graduate students
    in 1979:  see Spafford (1993) for the definitive history of Usenet and a
    list of Usenet software for virtually every type of computer. 

    To paraphrase Spafford and Salzenberg (1992):  Usenet is *not* a network. 
    Usenet is an anarchy, with no laws and no one in charge.  No one has any
    real control outside of their own site.  Computer system administrators
    who distribute Usenet "feeds" to other sites gain some authority by virtue
    of being "upstream";  that is, they have some say over what newsgroups
    their "downstream" neighbors can receive.  Usenet feeds are stored at each
    site in "spools";  it is common for universities to have Usenet spools on
    one or two computers, and to allow everyone at the university to read 
    Usenet news via "client" programs that connect to the remote "news server".

    The particular configuration of the Usenet feed to your university or
    organization determines whether the distribution control feature of most
    Usenet posting programs will work properly for you.  For example, the 
    mailing lists for the bionet.* newsgroups are gated on the west coast of
    North America, and you might think that it is safe to post local items
    in a bionet.* newsgroup if you live elsewhere.  But many sites get their
    feed of bionet.* groups directly from the machine that runs the mailing
    lists, which is definitely outside your geographic area.  So your article
    will be distributed at your site, but will not be propagated from your
    site to any other site in your area if it must pass out of your region
    and then return through a separate feed to a university in the next city. 
    Furthermore, it is a more efficient use of network resources to get as
    much Usenet traffic as possible from the nearest site available.  It is
    important, therefore, to do a little research on Usenet feeds in your area
    before asking your Usenet administrator to add one of the newsgroup
    hierarchies listed in section 2.2.2, Special Usenet Hierarchies and Gated
    Mailing Lists.

    Usenet etiquette:

      - New users should read the Usenet FAQs posted in news.announce.newusers.

      - Use the misc.test newsgroup for posting test articles.  Be sure to
        test the distribution feature here.  Do not post test articles to
        other newsgroups.

      - Use the expiration feature for job and conference announcments.

      - When posting to more than one newsgroup, use the cross-posting feature
 so only one copy of your article goes out, but is seen by many people.

      - Post (and cross-post) sparingly to groups that have associated mailing
 lists, to give a break to people who must read the groups via e-mail.

    The cross-posting of articles to more than one gated newsgroup is strongly
    discouraged, since the e-mail subscribers will get multiple copies of any
    cross-posted articles.  Usenet readers should be aware of proper etiquette
    for mailing lists when posting to gated newsgroups.


-*- 2.2.1. Newsgroups of Special Interest

    An "F" after the newsgroup name indicates an FAQ is available.  "M" means
    that the newsgroup is moderated.  "G" means that the newsgroup has a
    gateway to a parallel mailing list:  see section 2.2.2, Special Usenet
    Hierarchies and Gated Mailing Lists for details.



    alt.bbs.internet             F  Announcements of new Internet services
    alt.cyb-sys                     Cybernetics and Systems
    alt.internet.access.wanted   F  Help getting full Internet access
    alt.internet.services        F  Announcements of new Internet resources
    alt.native                      Indigenous peoples 
    alt.sci.*       [6 groups]
    alt.sustainable.agriculture  G  Sustainable agriculture   
    alt.agriculture.*      [2 groups]

    bionet.agroforestry          G  Agroforestry research
    bionet.announce            FGM  Announcements
    bionet.biology.computational GM Comp. and math. applications in biology 
    bionet.biology.n2-fixation   G  Biological nitrogen fixation
    bionet.biology.tropical      G  Tropical biology and ecology
    bionet.chlamydomonas  G  Chlamydomonas discussion
    bionet.cellbio   G  Cell biology discussion
    bionet.drosophila   G  Drosophila discussion
    bionet.general              FG  General discussion
    bionet.genome.*              G  [3 groups:  Arabidopsis and chromosomes]
    bionet.immunology            G  Research in immunology
    bionet.info-theory          FG  Information theory applied to biology
    bionet.jobs                  G  Job opportunities in biology
    bionet.journals.contents    GM  Biological journal TOCs
    bionet.journals.note         G  Publication issues in biology
    bionet.metabolic-reg  G  Metabolic regulation and thermodynamics
    bionet.molbio.ageing         G  Cellular and organismal ageing
    bionet.molbio.bio-matrix     G  Computer searches of biological databases
    bionet.molbio.embldatabank   G  Info about the EMBL Nucleic acid database
    bionet.molbio.evolution      G  Evolution, especially molecular
    bionet.molbio.gdb            G  The GDB database 
    bionet.molbio.genbank        G  The GenBank nucleic acid database
    bionet.molbio.gene-linkage   G  Genetic linkage analysis.
    bionet.molbio.genome-program G  Human Genome Program issues
    bionet.molbio.methds-reagnts G  Tips on lab techniques and materials
    bionet.molbio.hiv            G  The molecular biology of HIV
    bionet.molbio.proteins       G  Proteins and protein database searches
    bionet.molbio.rapd           G  Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA
    bionet.molbio.yeast   G  Yeast researchers' discussion
    bionet.neuroscience          G  Research issues in the neurosciences
    bionet.photosynthesis  G  Photosynthesis research
    bionet.plants                G  Plant biology, inc. genetics and ecology
    bionet.population-bio        G  Population biology, especially theory
    bionet.sci-resources        GM  Information about funding agencies, etc.
    bionet.software              G  Software for biology, esp. free/shareware
    bionet.software.*            G  [3 groups:  acedb, gcg, and sources]
    bionet.users.addresses       G  Help locating biologists who use e-mail
    bionet.virology              G  Research in virology
    bionet.women-in-bio          G  Discussion by and about women in biology
    bionet.xtallography          G  Protein crystallography

    bit.listserv.biosph-l        G  Biosphere, ecology, Discussion List
    bit.listserv.devel-l         G  Tech. Transfer in Internat. Development
    bit.listserv.ecolog-l        G  Ecological Society of America
    bit.listserv.ethology        G  Ethology List
    bit.listserv.medforum MG  Medical Students Discussion
    bit.listserv.scifraud        G  Discussion of Fraud in Science
    bit.listserv.uigis-l         G  User Interface for GIS
    bit.listserv.vpiej-l         G  Electronic Publishing Discussion List
    bit.org.peace-corps   G  International Volunteers Discussion Group

    comp.infosystems.gis        FG  Geograpical Information Systems
    comp.infosystems.gopher      F  The Internet gopher access tool
    comp.infosystems.wais        F  The Internet WAIS access tool
    comp.infosystems.www     The Internet WWW access tool
    comp.soft-sys.sas            G  SAS Discussion
    comp.soft-sys.spss   G  SPSS Statistical Discussion
    comp.text.tex                F  TeX, LaTeX and related text format systems
    comp.theory.cell-automata    G  Cellular automata research
    comp.theory.dynamic-sys      G  Ergodic theory and dynamic systems
    comp.theory.self-org-sys     G  Topics related to self-organization

    embnet.news.admin   G  EMBnet news helpline for administrators
    embnet.general   G  General discussion 
    embnet.net-dev      Network development discussion
    embnet.rpc       Technical discussion of data transfers

    info.grass.programmer       GM  GRASS GIS programmer issues
    info.grass.user             GM  GRASS GIS user issues

    news.announce.newusers      FM  FAQs for new users of Usenet
    news.answers                FM  All FAQ documents
    news.lists                  FM  Statistics and data about Usenet

    sci.answers                GFM  FAQs pertaining to science
    sci.anthropology      Anthropology discussion
    sci.archaeology      Archaeology discussion
    sci.bio                      F  General biology discussion
    sci.bio.ecology   G  Ecological research (sponsored by ESA)
    sci.bio.technology           G  Any topic relating to biotechnology
    sci.environment      Discussion of environmental issues
    sci.geo.*       [3 newsgroups]
    sci.image.processing  F  Scientific image processing
    sci.nonlinear                   Nonlinear dynamical systems
    sci.research.careers     Discussion of research careers in science
    sci.stat.consult   G  Statistical consulting
    sci.stat.edu   G  Journal of Statistics Education List
    sci.stat.math      Mathematical statistics
    sci.*       [60 other newsgroups]


-*- 2.2.2. Special Usenet Hierarchies and Gated Mailing Lists

    There has been a growing trend in the past few years to set up transparent
    "gateways" between mailing lists and newsgroups, and to create Usenet
    newsgroup hierarchies that are outside the "main stream".  Both being new,
    these two trends often go together.

    None of the Usenet newsgroup hierarchies mentioned below are main-stream
    ones;  that is, they do not conform to all Usenet conventions, and
    consequently are carried by no more than 30-50% of Usenet sites.  This is
    not necessarily a bad thing, since few or no readers at most sites are
    biologists, and e-mail subscriptions are available for many groups.  If
    your site carries Usenet, but not these hierarcies, a simple request to
    your Usenet administrator might be all that's needed to get them too. 
    But see the first part of section 2.2, Usenet for details about what to
    ask for.

    bionet.*

    Each of these newsgroups has two gateways to mailing lists, to save on 
    trans-Atlantic transmission costs.  For an e-mail subscription to any
    bionet.* newsgroup, send e-mail to biosci@daresbury.ac.uk if you live in
    Europe, or to biosci@net.bio.net otherwise, naming the groups that you
    want.  Brief descriptions of some of these groups are given in the
    BIOSCI FAQ, posted in bionet.announce and available on net.bio.net in
    the directory pub/BIOSCI/ or by e-mail on request from biosci@net.bio.net.

    bit.listserv.*

    As their names imply, the bit.listserv newsgroups started out as (and
    remain) automated mailing lists.  Most of these mailing lists became
    so successful that gateways to Usenet were added by popular demand. 
    The Appendix includes 100 or so other mailing lists, most run via the
    LISTSERV program, of interest to biologists;  those mailing lists with
    Usenet gateways are listed in section 2.3.3, Gateways to Usenet. 
    Charters for each of these groups can be obtained from the listserver
    that administers each one.  See sections 2.3, Mailing Lists Using 
    LISTSERV and 2.3.1, Commands for details about e-mail subscriptions and
    commands for interacting with listserver programs.

    comp.theory.*

    Send e-mail to Erik Fair, fair@ucbarpa.berkeley.edu, or see the list of
    mailing lists posted regularly in news.answers for details about e-mail
    subscriptions.

    embnet.*

    The European Molecular Biology Network (EMBnet) runs a group of Usenet
    newsgroups that are distributed in Europe.  E-mail subscriptions are 
    available from nethelp@embl-heidelberg.de, and these newsgroups can be
    read and searched via gopher and WAIS on bioftp.unibas.ch.  Send general
    e-mail queries to embnet@comp.bioz.unibas.ch. 

    info.*

    These groups are mailing lists with gateways to Usenet at the University
    of Illinois.  See section 2.4, Other Mailing Lists for e-mail subscription
    information, or ask your local Usenet administrator to get these groups.

    lter.*

    The Long Term Ecological Research Network (LTERnet) has a setup similar
    to that of EMBnet.  Ask helper@lternet.edu about e-mail subscriptions,
    or see the gopher on lternet.edu.


-*- 2.2.3. Usenet FAQs about Usenet

    You are strongly encouraged to read the following introductory and
    etiquette FAQs before posting any messages to any newsgroup.  They are
    what might be considered the "mandatory course" for new users, and
    are posted frequently in the Usenet newsgroup news.newusers.announce.

    See section 4, Useful and Important FAQs for a list of additional FAQs
    of general use or interest to biologists, section 4.1, What's an FAQ and
    where can I get one? and sections 3.6.2 and 3.6.3 for instructions on
    how to get copies by anonymous FTP or e-mail if you don't have access
    to a Usenet reader.

               Title                            Archive filename
    --------------------------------------------------------------------

   Introductory information

    What is Usenet?                             what-is-usenet/part1
    Answers to Frequently Asked Questions       usenet-faq/part1
        about Usenet
    Introduction to news.announce  news-announce-intro/part1

   Etiquette issues

    A Primer on How to Work With the            usenet-primer/part1
        Usenet Community
    Emily Postnews Answers Your Questions       emily-postnews/part1
        on Netiquette
    Hints on writing style for Usenet           usenet-writing-style/part1
    Rules for posting to Usenet                 posting-rules/part1

   Technical issues

    How to Create a New Usenet Newsgroup        creating-newsgroups/part1
    USENET Software:  History and Sources       usenet-software/part1
    How to become a USENET site                 site-setup
    NetNews/Listserv Gateway Policy             bit/policy 
    UNIX BBS Software FAQ with Answers          unix-faq/bbs-software
    Introduction to the news.answers  news-answers/introduction
        newsgroup
    Instructions for posting to news.answers news-answers/guidelines


-*- 2.3. Mailing Lists Using LISTSERV

    It is very important that you keep a list of all mailing lists to which
    you are subscribed, along with the address of the list administrator
    and the address you used when you subscribed, if you have more than one.
    This is because you will need to unsubscribe yourself if you go away on
    vacation or your address changes.  Otherwise any mail sent to you from
    the list may bounce or cause other, sometimes severe problems.  And it's
    easier to check the address etc. when you want to tell friends how they
    can subscribe too.

    The Appendix at the end of this guide includes most listserver mailing
    lists of particular interest or use to biologists.  Internet addresses
    are given whenever possible, and all addresses are in standard Internet
    format, with the exception that portions of the Internet node names that
    reflect original Bitnet node names are given in uppercase, for the 
    convenience of readers on Bitnet nodes.

    Listservers were developed first many years ago on Bitnet, when Eric
    Thomas wrote a computer program named "LISTSERV" that could act like
    a regular computer user:  receiving and sending out e-mail, and keeping
    files.  LISTSERV is now used on hundreds of computers around the world,
    and a number of copy-cat programs with some similar features are used
    at many other sites.  Whichever program is used, these listservers are
    given the task of maintaining multiple electronic mailing lists, handling
    all membership requests (subscriptions and cancellation of subscriptions,
    and so on).  Many list owners collect monthly logs of all messages sent to
    the list, and some also provide files of other information.  Eric Thomas's
    LISTSERV program does this automatically, and listservers running this
    program can send "back issue" logs and other files on request.

    The author of one of the other listserver programs has unfortunately
    chosen to enhance his own reputation by using the same name as Eric
    Thomas's program.  This causes great confusion, as the other program 
    does not perform nearly as many functions as LISTSERV does.  To lessen
    the confusion, only those mailing lists using Eric Thomas's LISTSERV code
    are listed in the Appendix, Assorted Mailing Lists Using LISTSERV.

    Mailing lists run by non-LISTSERV listservers are listed in section 2.4,


    Other Mailing Lists, together with mailing lists run by hand.  Other
    listservers include "mailbase" and "MAILSERV", both written for Bitnet
    nodes in Europe.  For documents about using mailbase, send e-mail to
    mailbase@mailbase.ac.uk with the text

 send mailbase user-guide for the lengthly User's Guide
 send mailbase user-card  for a short version of the Guide

    You can get an extensive topical directory of academic mailing lists,
    compiled by Diane Kovacs, dkovacs@KENTVM.kent.edu:  send e-mail to
    listserv@KENTVM.kent.edu with the text
    
 get acadlist readme

    Charles Bailey posts a directory, Library-Oriented Lists and Electronic
    Serials, to the newsgroup bit.listserv.pacs-l on a regular basis.

    Mailing list etiquette:

      - Whenever possible, Bitnet users should use the Bitnet address of a list
        and its listserver;  Internet users should use the Internet address.

      - Keep a record of your subscriptions, and a copy of any instructions
 that you receive with your subscription.

      - Remember to unsubscribe or otherwise turn off your subscriptions
 before your e-mail address changes or you go away on vacation.

      - Avoid sending articles to more than one mailing list.

      - Be concise or, if your article is more than a few hundred lines long,
        warn your readers in the Subject line.

    A note for users on JANET nodes (in the United Kingdom):  you may be
    able to get subscriptions to Bitnet listserver mailing lists via
    listserv@earn-relay.ac.uk.  Send e-mail to that address with the text

 info ?

    for more information.  This saves electronic transmission costs by having
    a single subscription propagated across the Atlantic Ocean, and then
    re-distributing it to multiple subscribers in the U.K. and elsewhere in
    Europe.


-*- 2.3.1. Commands

    Being computer programs, with nothing else to do, listservers just sit
    and wait for e-mail to arrive, read it, and perform the appropriate task,
    usually immediately.  They respond only to a small set of commands.  A
    summary (Thomas 1993) of these commands can be retrieved by sending the
    message "send listserv refcard" to any listserver.  The main listserver
    is listserv@BITNIC.educom.edu, but there are many listservers around the
    world.  Specificially, there is one on each computer for which a mailing
    list is mentioned in the Appendix.  Most listservers maintain more than
    one mailing list.

    To subscribe to any of these mailing lists, send e-mail to the listserver
    at the same address.  For example, subscriptions to the Smithsonian
    Institution's biological conservation list, CONSLINK, may be obtained by
    sending the message

        subscribe conslink <Your Name>

    to listserv@SIVM.si.edu.  To turn off mail from a list temporarily (e.g.,
    while you are away on vacation), send the message

 set <listname> nomail

    and to unsubscribe permanently (e.g., because your e-mail address is about
    to change), send the message

 unsubscribe <listname> 

    Send subscription and other administrative requests to the listserver, 
    not the list;  e-mail messages sent directly to the mailing list will
    (generally) be sent to all the list subscribers.  Only the listserver
    can process subscription requests, and the listserver only knows about
    requests that it receives directly.

    LISTSERV programs of version 1.7f and higher have a very useful feature
    that lets you receive a daily digest (actually a concatenation, with a
    table of contents) instead of many individual articles.  Send e-mail to
    the apropriate listserver with the message:

 set <listname> digest


-*- 2.3.2. Archives

    In addition to handling the membership requests for particular mailing
    lists, most listservers also archive all messages sent to each list in
    monthly log files.  These files, along with other items contributed by
    list subscribers, are archived by the listserver and can be retrieved
    by e-mail.  Listserv@SIVM.si.edu keeps an archive of various lists of
    conservation organizations and field stations, several newsletters, and
    a large collection of bibliographic references relating to biological
    conservation.  Listserv@UMDD.umd.edu keeps an archive of job openings and
    conference announcements submitted to the Ecological Society of America. 

    Commands for retrieving files from listserver archives are described
    in the listserver command reference guide (Thomas 1993), and include:

        help    to get generally useful information
 review <listname>  to get the list of subscribers
 index <listname>  to get the list of archived files
        get listserv refcard   to get a short summary of commands
        get listfaq memo  to get an FAQ about listservers

    Sending the message "info" to a listserver will result in a list of
    information guides including:

    REFcard    (LISTSERV REFCARD)  Command reference card
    FAQ        (LISTFAQ  MEMO   )  Frequently Asked Questions
    PResent    (LISTPRES MEMO   )  Presentation of LISTSERV for new users
    GENintro   (LISTSERV MEMO   )  General information about Revised LISTSERV
    KEYwords   (LISTKEYW MEMO   )  Description of list header keywords
    AFD        (LISTAFD  MEMO   )  Description of Automatic File Distribution
    FILEs      (LISTFILE MEMO   )  Description of the file-server functions
    LPunch     (LISTLPUN MEMO   )  Description of the LISTSERV-Punch file fmt.
    JOB        (LISTJOB  MEMO   )  Description of the Command Jobs feature
    DISTribute (LISTDIST MEMO   )  Description of Relayed File Distribution
    COORDinat  (LISTCOOR MEMO   )  Information about Listserv Coordination
    FILEOwner  (LISTFOWN MEMO   )  Information guide for file owners
    DATABASE   (LISTDB   MEMO   )  Description of the database functions
    UDD        (LISTUDD  MEMO   )  User Directory Database User's Guide
    UDDADMIN   (LISTUDDA MEMO   )  UDD Administrator's Guide

    To get any one of these, send the message "info <keyword>" where <keyword>
    is, for instance, "REFcard" or "FAQ".  Only the portion in capitals is
    required. 


-*- 2.3.3. Gateways to Usenet

    Some of the listserver mailing lists in the Appendix below are also
    Usenet newsgroups:

    biosph-l@UBVM.cc.buffalo.edu  is bit.listserv.biosph-l
    biotech@UMDD.umd.edu          is sci.bio.technology
    devel-l@AUVM.american.edu     is bit.listserv.devel-l
    ecolog-l@UMDD.umd.edu         is sci.bio.ecology
    edstat-l@jse.stat.ncsu.edu   is sci.stat.edu
    ethology@FINHUTC.hut.fi       is bit.listserv.ethology
    gis-l@UBVM.cc.buffalo.edu     is comp.infosystems.gis
    medforum@ARIZVM1.ccit.arizona.edu is bit.listserv.medforum (custom gate)
    sas-l@UGA.cc.uga.edu          is comp.soft-sys.sas
    scifaq-l@YALEVM.cis.yale.edu  is sci.answers (gate is group-->list only)
    spssx-l@UGA.cc.uga.edu   is comp.soft-sys.spss
    stat-l@vm1.mcgill.ca          is sci.stat.consult
    uigis-l@UBVM.cc.buffalo.edu   is bit.listserv.uigis-l
    vpiej-l@VTVM1.cc.vt.edu       is bit.listserv.vpiej-l

    American University has established itself as the clearing house and 
    semi-official keeper of automated gateways between listserver mailing
    lists and Usenet newsgroups.  Questions about the procedure for
    establishing a gateway for any mailing list or newsgroup may be posted to
    the Usenet newsgroup bit.admin or sent to news-admin@AUVM.american.edu.
    A FAQ on this topic appears regularly in the bit.admin newsgroup. 


-*- 2.4. Other Mailing Lists

    Remember to save any instructions you receive about unsubscribing from
    a mailing list.  Mailing lists that do not use listserv-style commands
    for subscribing and unsubscribing include: 

    Topic or name    Mailing list address
 Subscription instructions
    -----------------------------------------------------------------------
    Arabidopsis thal. database announcements  aatdb-info@weeds.mgh.harvard.edu
 Contact Mike Cherry, curator@weeds.mgh.harvard.edu.

    Artificial life digest   alife@cognet.ucla.edu
 Send all subscription requests to alife-request@cognet.ucla.edu.

    Biological Anthropology, Primatology humbio@acc.fau.edu
 Send "subscribe humbio <Your Name>" to mailserv@acc.fau.edu.

    Biological timing and circadian rhythms
 cbt-general@virginia.edu       cbt-general-request@@virginia.edu

    Biologia y Evolucion (in Spanish)  biologia@athena.mit.edu
 biologia-request@athena.mit.edu

    Biology information systems   biogopher@comp.bioz.unibas.ch
 Contact Reinhard Doelz, doelz@urz.unibas.ch.

    Bulletin for bryologists   bryonet@uni-duisburg.de
 Send e-mail to the owner, Jan-Peter Frahm, hh216fr@uni-duisburg.de.

    Cytometry discussion
    cytometry@flowcyt.cyto.purdue.edu  cyto-request@flowcyt.cyto.purdue.edu

    Dendrome forest tree genome mapping digest
       Send all subscription requests and submissions to the editor,
       dendrome@s27w007.pswfs.gov.

    Dinosaurs and other archosaurs dinosaur@donald.wichitaks.ncr.com
 Send e-mail to dinosaur-request@donald.wichitaks.ncr.com.

    Discover Insight Biosym Users' Group  dibug@comp.bioz.unibas.ch 
 Send e-mail to dibug-request@comp.bioz.unibas.ch.

    Ecologia (in Spanish)  ecologia@athena.mit.edu
 Send e-mail to ecologia-request@athena.mit.edu

    Entomology discussion   ent-list@um.cc.umich.edu
 Send e-mail to the owner, Mark O'Brien, hcfb@um.cc.umich.edu.

    Environmentalists digest   env-link@andrew.cmu.edu       
 Send e-mail to the owner, Josh Knaur, env-link+forms@andrew.cmu.edu.

    Fish and Wildlife Biology   wildnet@access.usask.ca
 Send e-mail to wildnet-request@access.usask.ca

    Forestry discussion    forest@lists.funet.fi
 Send e-mail to forest-request@lists.funet.fi

    Genstat statistics package discussion genstat@ib.rl.ac.uk
 Send "subscribe genstat <Your Name>" to listral@ib.rl.ac.uk.
 
    GIS digest
       Send all subscription requests and submissions to the editor,      
       rrl@leicester.ac.uk.

    GIS Users in the United Kingdom  geocal@leicester.ac.uk
 Send "subscribe geocal <Your Name>" to vmsserv@leicester.ac.uk.

    Killifish, Cyprinodontidae   killie@mejac.palo-alto.ca.us
 Send e-mail to killie-request@mejac.palo-alto.ca.us

    Neotropical birds discussion  avifauna@rcp.pe
 Contact phillips@cipa.ec (Roberto Phillips)

    Neural networks digest  neuron-request@cattel.psych.upenn.edu 
 Send requests and all submissions to the above address.  Back issues of
 the digest are available via anonymous FTP on cattell.psych.upenn.edu.

    Orchids     orchids@scuacc.SCU.edu 
 Send "subscribe orchids <Your Name>" to mailserv@scuacc.SCU.edu.

    Plant Taxonomy    plant-taxonomy@mailbase.ac.uk 
 Send "join plant-taxonomy <Your Name>" to mailbase@mailbase.ac.uk.

    Primate discussion    primate-talk@primate.wisc.edu
 Send e-mail to the owner, primate-talk-request@primate.wisc.edu.

    Prion Research Digest   [unknown]
 Send e-mail to prion-request@stolaf.edu.



    The S statistics package   s-news@utstat.toronto.edu
 Send e-mail to s-news-request@utstat.toronto.edu.

    SANET-MG Sustainable Agriculture Network sanet-mg@twosocks.ces.ncsu.edu
 Send e-mail with the text "subscribe sanet-mg" or "send guide" or
 "send catalog" to almanac@twosocks.ces.ncsu.edu.

    Simulated Annealing Mailing List (ANNEAL) [unknown]
 Send e-mail with the text "subscribe anneal" to majordomo@sti.com.

    Society for Mathematical Biology Digest smbnet@fconvx.ncifcrf.gov 
 Send e-mail with the text "subscribe smbnet <Your Name>" and/or
 "help" to listserv@fconvx.ncifcrf.gov.  Back issues of the digest
 are available via anonymous FTP on fconvx.ncifcrf.gov in smb/digest/.
 The editor is apparently Ray Mejia.

    Young Scientists' Network   ysn@zoyd.ee.washington.edu
 Send e-mail to ysn-request@zoyd.ee.washington.edu with the Subject
 (not text) "subscribe" or "send info".

    Volcano list
 Send all subscription requests and submissions to the editor,
        Jon Fink, aijhf@ASUACAD (via Bitnet) or aijhf@asuvm.inre.asu.edu.

    Note, any mailing lists you may discover at net.bio.net or daresbury.ac.uk
    that are not explicitly mentioned in this FAQ are not mentioned *because*
    they are actually gated lists for the bionet.* newsgroups.  See section
    2.2.2, Special Usenet Hierarchies and Gated Mailing Lists for instructions
    about subscribing to any bionet.* newsgroup via e-mail.

    There is a 5-part FAQ in news.answers (da Silva 1993) that includes
    brief descriptions of the charter of each mailing list.  This FAQ is
    stored in FAQ archives in the directory /mailing-lists/.

    A very long (1.2 megabytes) list of lists is available via anonymous FTP
    from ftp.nisc.sri.com in netinfo/interest-groups or (in compressed form)
    netinfo/interest-groups.Z.  It can also be obtained via e-mail by sending
    the message "send netinfo/interest-groups" to mail-server@nisc.sri.com.
    There is a printed, indexed version, titled "Internet:  Mailing Lists",
    that can be purchased from Prentice Hall.  However, this list is up-dated
    through submissions, and thus is incomplete and not very correct.


-*- 2.5. Newsletters

    Many of the mailing lists mentioned in the above section are actually
    digests, where readers' queries and comments are condensed into a
    single large document that is distributed periodically.  Yet another
    variation on this theme is electronic newsletters.  Those not listed
    elsewhere in this guide include:

    * Animal Behavior Society Newsletter.  Editor James C. Ha,
      jcha@u.washington.edu.

    * Bean Bag: Leguminosae Research Newsletter, edited by Charles R. Gunn
      and Joseph H. Kirkbride, Jr., jkirkbride@asrr.arsusda.gov.  Available
      via gopher and anonymous FTP from huh.harvard.edu.

    * Botanical Electronic News (BEN), edited by Adolf Ceska, Canada.
      Available via gopher and anonymous FTP from huh.harvard.edu, and
      the wildnet mailing list.

    * The Chlamydomonas Newsletter.  E-mail subscriptions are available from
      Mike Adams, adams@ecsuc.ctstateu.edu.  You can also get this newsletter
      via gopher from gopher.duke.edu and via anonymous FTP from
      acpub.duke.edu in pub/chlamy/.

    * Climate/Ecosystem Dynamics (CED).  E-mail subscriptions are available
      from Daniel Pommert, daniel@lternet.washington.edu, gopher access
      available via lternet.edu.

    * Environmental Resources Information Network (ERIN) Newsletter, Australia
      Available via gopher and anonymous FTP from huh.harvard.edu, and via
      the ERIN gopher on kaos.erin.gov.au.

    * Flora Online.  A journal for collections-oriented botanists published
      by the Clinton Herbarium, Buffalo Museum of Science, New York USA.
      Editor Richard H. Zander, visbms@UBVMS.bitnet.  Available via gopher
      and anonymous FTP from huh.harvard.edu.

    * LTER Data Management Bulletin (DATABITS).  Available via gopher on
      lternet.edu.

    * STARNET Echinoderm Newsletter.  Send e-mail to the editor, Win Hide,
      whide@matrix.bchs.uh.edu.

    The paper journal The Scientist is available in an online version via
    anonymous FTP on ds.internic.net, in pub/the-scientist, courtesy of the
    Institute for Scientific Information and the NSF Network Service Center.

    Michael Strangelove, 441495@acadvm1.UOTTAWA.ca has compiled a directory
    of electronic serials.  To retrieve it, send e-mail with the text

 get ejournl1 directry
 get ejournl2 directry

    to listserv@acadvm1.UOTTAWA.ca.

-- 

      Una Smith      Department of Biology       smith-una@yale.edu
                     Yale University
                     New Haven, CT  06511



*****************************************************************Last-modified: 23 August 1993

    
-*- 3. Biological Information Archives

    Many archives are mentioned throughout this section and elsewhere in this
    document.  The access methods available for each archive are presented in
    section 3.5, List of Archives.

    A number of people have begun to organize the many free biological
    information archives, databases and services on the Internet into
    well-organized menus using gopher servers.  These include Don Gilbert's
    IUBio service on ftp.bio.indiana.edu and Mike Cherry's collection on 
    weeds.mgh.harvard.edu in the United States, Rob Harper's "Finnish EMBnet
    BioBox" on gopher.csc.fi in Finland, and Reinhard Doelz's "Information
    servers in biology (gopher based)" on gopher.embnet.unibas.ch in
    Switzerland.

    Yanoff (1993) is an excellent list of unusual and useful Internet
    services, a few of which are mentioned in this guide.  Services listed
    include:  an on-line dictionary, weather maps, a general weather report
    service, an archive of statistical programs and data sets, and various
    computers allowing public telnet sessions so that people who have Internet
    access but not Usenet can read and post Usenet articles. 

    Stern (1993) offers an extensive list of anonymous FTP archives offering
    meteorological data.


-*- 3.1. Bibliographies

    Many Internet archives have searchable bibliographic databases, complete
    with abstracts.  Only a few are mentioned here. 

    A bibliography of 52,000 Drosophila research publications, dating from 
    1684 through this year, is offered on ftp.bio.indiana.edu.

    The US Department of Energy (DOE) Climate Data bibliography and the NASA
    Global Change Data Directory are archived on ridgisd.er.usgs.gov.  The
    North American Benthological Society (NABS) offers a bibliography of
    recent literature in benthic biology on gopher.nd.edu.  The Long-Term
    Ecological Research (LTER) program has put a bibliographic database and
    catalog of data sets on lternet.edu.  (The actual data is not available
    online.)  Check gopher.genethon.fr for bibliographies of sequence
    analysis and human genome research papers. 

    The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Extension Service offers the
    Research Results Database (RRDB), containing brief summaries of recent
    research from the USDA's Agricultural Research Service (ARS) and 
    Economic Research Service (ERS), by e-mail.  For details, send the
    e-mail message "send guide" to almanac@esusda.gov.  To receive notices
    of new RRDB titles, send the message "subscribe usda.rrdb".

    The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) National Library on-line
    database can be accessed for bibliographic searches via anonymous telnet
    to epaibm.rtpnc.epa.gov.  A collection of GIS-related bibliographies is
    available on bastet.sbs.ohio-state.edu.

    Various Usenet newsgroups and mailing lists provide the tables of contents 
    (TOCs) for current issues of a few journals of interest to biologists.
    Tom Schneider distributes Unix AWK scripts for converting many of these
    TOCs into BibTeX-style bibliography records:  these scripts are posted in
    the Usenet newsgroup bionet.journals.note. 

    The journal TOCs available in bionet.journals.contents include:

 Anatomy & Embryology
 Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
 Applied and Environmental Microbiology
 Binary
 CABIOS
 Cell and Tissue Research
 Chromosoma
 Current Genetics
 EMBO Journal
 Environmental Physiology
 European Journal of Biochemistry
 European Journal of Physiology
 Experimental Brain Research
 Histochemistry
 Human Genetics
 IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology
 Immunogenetics
 Journal of Bacteriology
 Journal of Biological Chemistry
 Journal of Comparative Physiology B: Biochemical, Systemic, and
 Journal of Membrane Biology
 Journal of Molecular Evolution
 Journal of Virology
 MGG - Molecular and General Genetics
 Mammalian Genome
 Microbial Releases
 Molecular Microbiology
 Molecular and Cellular Biology
 Nucleic Acids Research
 Photosynthetica
 Plant Cell Reports
 Planta
 Protein Science
 Roux's Archives of Developmental Biology
 Theoretical and Applied Genetics

    The CONSLINK listserver mailing list keeps a large bibliography of
    conservation biology research papers on its archive (see section 2.4.2,
    Archives for instructions on accessing listserver archives).

    The American Physiological Society offers TOCs for the following 
    journals via gopher on gopher.uth.tmc.edu (port 3300):

       Advances in Physiology Education
       American Journal of Physiology (6 consolidated journals)
       Journal of Applied Physiology
       Journal of Neurophysiology
       News in Physiological Sciences
       Physiological Reviews
       The Physiologist

    Other publishers supporting Internet access to information about their
    publications include

        Publisher   Address   Access
        -------------------------------------------------------------- 
 Addison-Wesley   world.std.com  ftp
 O'Reilly & Associates   gopher.ora.com  gopher
 Kluwer Academic Publishers world.std.com  ftp


-*- 3.2. Directories 

    Searchable directories of scientists and research projects currently
    funded by the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Science
    Foundation (NSF), Department of Agriculture (USDA), and genome researchers
    funded by several other departments, together with several topical 
    directories, are available via gopher on merlot.welch.jhu.edu.  Searches
    on researcher name, location, and field of interest are supported.
    A directory of people who read the bionet.* newsgroups is available via
    gopher and anonymous FTP from net.bio.net;  you can add yourself to the
    directory via gopher or e-mail (see instructions on the archive).  
    A directory of researchers using Artificial Intelligence in Molecular
    Biology (AIMB) is maintained at the National Library of Medicine.  To
    be included, send e-mail to Larry Hunter, hunter@work.nlm.nih.gov.

    Several directories of ecologists and plant biologists are kept on
    huh.harvard.edu, which is accessible via gopher and anonymous FTP.
    A directory of tropical biologists is kept in the Ecology and Evolution
    section of the gopher/anonymous FTP archive on sunsite.unc.edu.
    Richard Thorington keeps a list of mammalogists who use e-mail.  To get
    yourself on the list (required to receive copies of it), send e-mail to
    mnhvz049@SIVM (via Bitnet) or mnhvz049@SIVM.si.edu.


-*- 3.3. Software

    Several archives specializing in software for biologists are accessible
    via gopher and anonymous FTP.  Some of these are listed in section 3.5,
    List of Archives.  The first such archive in South America is the 
    Brazilian Medical Informatics archive, ccsun.unicamp.br.  The IUBio
    archive on ftp.bio.indiana.edu probably has the best collection in the
    United States.  Botanists will appreciate the TAXACOM archive on
    huh.harvard.edu.

    Also, wuarchive.wustl.edu has an excellent collection of educational
    software, especially for teaching mathematics at the college and
    university levels.  The National Center for Supercomputing Applications
    has developed a collection of outstanding software tools for electronic
    communications and image analysis, and makes it publicly available on
    zaphod.ncsa.uiuc.edu.  Many of the latest add-on tools for the popular
    LaTeX text formatting system are archived on sun.soe.clarkson.edu,
    while sumex-aim.stanford.edu has a huge archive of Macintosh software,
    and nic.ddn.mil keeps the important Internet RFC (Request for Comments)
    documents.

    Jan-Peter Frahm has made available via e-mail "A Guide to Botanical 
    Software for MS-DOS Computers".  The software is shareware or in the
    public domain.  For a copy, write him at hh216fr@duc220.uni-duisburg.de.
    Bionet.software is a good place to look for information about specific
    software programs with applications to biology.  There are many Usenet
    groups devoted to discussion of software, particularly freeware and
    shareware.  The well-known, huge anonymous FTP repositories of software
    are all mentioned in various published guides to the Internet (Kehoe 1992,
    Krol 1992, Lane and Summerhill 1992, LaQuey and Ryer 1992, Malamud 1992,
    Tennant et al. 1993), and are part of the common knowledge of many Usenet
    newsgroups. 


-*- 3.4. Data

    The wealth of data available on the Internet is staggering, but it is also
    widely dispersed and often difficult to track down.  Rather than compile a
    list of data sets and pointers to their locations, this guide gives a list
    of locations with only a name or phrase to suggest what data may be found
    there (see section 3.5, List of Archives).  Many Usenet FAQs (see section
    4, Useful and Important FAQs) and other Internet documents mentioned in
    this guide attempt to list available databases, but many more are known
    only by word-of-mouth.  The Usenet newsgroup sci.answers (also a mailing
    list;  see section 2.4.3, Gateways to Usenet) carries many lists that are
    updated frequently.


-*- 3.4.1. Repositories

    Various genome and other cooperative projects are now well established on
    the Internet, with large, highly organized databases that support ever more
    powerful and complex interactive or batch search queries.  Most now support
    WAIS and gopher search access, and are listed in section 3.5, List of
    Archives.  The future utility of these repositories depends on the donation
    of data by individual researchers.  Questions, as well as data submissions
    and corrections, can be sent to the relevant administrators via e-mail
    (after Garavelli 1992):

    Database    Address of administrator
    --------    ------------------------
    AAtDB (Arabidopsis thaliana) curator@weeds.mgh.harvard.edu
    ACEDB (Caenorhabditis elegans) rd@mrc-lmba.cam.ac.uk and
      mieg@kaa.cnrs-mop.fr
    Brookhaven    pdb@chm.chm.bnl.gov
    DDBJ enquiries   ddbj@ddbj.nig.ac.jp
         data submissions  ddbjsub@ddbj.nig.ac.jp
         updates, publication notices ddbjupdt@ddbj.nig.ac.jp
    EDEX and JARS (Forest Ecology) goforest@gopher.yale.edu
    EMBL problems, feedback  nethelp@embl-heidelberg.de
  software submissions, queries software@embl-heidelberg.de
         Data Library enquiries  datalib@embl-heidelberg.de
         Data Library submissions datasubs@embl-heidelberg.de
    FlyBase (Drosophila)  flybase@morgan.harvard.edu
    Inst. of Forest Genetics DB (IFGDB) ifgdb@s27w007.pswfs.gov
    GDB     help@welch.jhu.edu
    GenBank enquiries   info@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
         data submissions  gb-sub@life.lanl.gov
         updates, publication notices update@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
    Microbial Strains Data Net. (MSDN)  msdn@bdt.ftpt.br and msdn@phx.cam.ac.uk
    NCBI    repository@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
    PIR     fileserv@nbrf.georgetown.edu
    SWISS-PROT    bairoch@cmu.unige.ch

    LiMB, the Listing of Molecular Biology databases (Keen et al. 1992)
    describes most of these databases, and many more, including the names,
    regular mail addresses and telephone numbers of their keepers.  To get
    the current version of LiMB by e-mail, send the text "limb-data" to
    bioserve@life.lanl.gov.  For information only, send "limb-info".  LiMB
    is available in hardcopy or on floppy disk:  contact limb@life.lanl.gov. 


-*- 3.4.2. Search Engines

    The European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) supports various types
    of searches via e-mail.  For more information, send the text "help" in


    e-mail to any one of these servers:

 EMBL File Server  NetServ@EMBL-Heidelberg.DE
        FASTA    FASTA@EMBL-Heidelberg.DE
 Quicksearch    Quick@EMBL-Heidelberg.DE
        Swiss-Prot MPsrch  Blitz@EMBL-Heidelberg.DE

    The BLOCKS database can be searched via e-mail.  For a help file, send
    a blank e-mail message to blocks@howard.fhcrc.org, with the word "help"
    in the Subject line.

    The Sequence Retrival System (SRS) program for VAX VMS computer systems
    is available via anonymous FTP on the Norwegian EMBnet node biomed.uio.no
    or genetics.upenn.edu (USA).

    Three U.S. herbaria now provide e-mail search support of:

 Type specimens of the mint family from the Harvard Herbaria,
 comprising 1100 records.

 The complete herbarium catalog of Michigan State University,
 Kellog Biological Station Herbarium, an NSF LTER site, consisting
 of 6000 specimen records.

 The Flora of Mt. Kinabalu;  16,300 specimen records of all vascular
 plant collections from the mountain.

    E-mail addresses for sending queries are:

          Harvard Mint Types:    herbdata@huh.harvard.edu
          Kellogg Herbarium:     herbdata%kbs.decnet@clvax1.cl.msu.edu
          Flora of Mt. Kinabalu: herbdata@herbarium.bpp.msu.edu

    Send the message "help" to receive a usage guide, and if you think
    there might be difficulties with your return address, send that as
    well by adding a line with the text "replyaddress=" followed by your
    prefered e-mail address.

    Anyone who does a lot of field work will appreciate the Geographic Name
    Server, which can provide the latitude and longitude, and the elevation
    of most places in the United States:  all cities and counties are covered,
    as well as some national parks and some geographical features (mountains,
    rivers, lakes, etc.).  Telnet to martini.eecs.umich.edu, port 3000 (no
    username needed) and type "help" for instructions.


-*- 3.5. List of Archives

    Computer sites supporting some sort of public access, and of some
    interest to biologists are listed here, together with means of access.

    e - e-mail file requests (see notes this section for e-mail addresses). 
    E - e-mail search requests (see notes this section).
    f - anonymous FTP (see section 3.6.3, Anonymous FTP by E-mail if you
 cannot use FTP).
    g - gopher server
    G - gopher server plus WAIS index searches
    t - public telnet access
    T - public telnet access plus e-mail returns of search results
    W - WAIS server plus WAIS index searches

    Internet node name   Topic/Agency  Access method
    -------------------------------------------------------------------------
    ftp.bio.indiana.edu (IN USA) IUBIO Genbank, FlyBase  fG
    ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (MD USA)  NCBI    f
    ftp.embl-heidelberg.de (Germany) EMBL Data Library Efg 
    coli.polytechnique.fr (France) EMBLnet     G
    ftp.bchs.uh.edu (TX USA)  Genbank, PIR    fG
    helix.nih.gov (MD USA)  Genbank, PDB, PIR etc.   G
    ncifcrf.gov (MD USA)  Biol. Information Theory f
    finsun.csc.fi (Finland)  Prosite, Rebase-Enzyme   G
    pdb.pdb.bnl.gov (NY USA)  Protein Data Bank   G
    ftp.tigr.org   Inst. for Genomic Rsch.  f
    golgi.harvard.edu (MA USA)      f
    megasun.bch.umontreal.ca  Molecular evolution   G
    nic.funet.fi (Finland)
    gopher.csc.fi (Finland)
    bioftp.unibas.ch (Switzerland) EMBnet    fG W [10]
    rdp.life.uiuc.edu   Ribosomal DB Project  f

    world.std.com   A major entry-point  fG
    sunsite.unc.edu (NC USA)  Many subjects   EfGt [4]
    gopher.ciesin.org   Earth Sciences    G
    locus.nalusda.go (USA)  Nat. Agri. Library   G
    s27w007.pswfs.gov (USA)  Forest Genetics    G
    biomed.uio.no (Norway)  Genome      T 
    gopher.embnet.unibas.ch (Switzer.)
    biox.embnet.unibas.ch (Switzerland) Genome     G
    merlot.welch.jhu.edu (MD USA) Genome      G
    weeds.mgh.harvard.edu (MA USA) Arabidopsis, C. elegans   G
    mendel.agron.iastate.edu (IA USA) Soy genome    G
    greengenes.cit.cornell.edu (NY USA) Triticeae genome   G
    teosinte.agron.missouri.edu (USA) Maize genome    G
    gopher.duke.edu (NC USA)  Chlamydomonas    G [2]
    picea.cfnr.colostate.edu (CO USA)     f
    poplar1.cfr.washington.edu (WA USA) Populus genetics  f

    mobot.org (MO USA)   Missouri Bot. Garden  f
    life.anu.edu.au (Australia)  Bioinformatics   fG
    igc.org (CA USA)   EcoNet    f
    gopher.yale.edu (CT USA)   LTERnet, EDEX, JARS   g
    lternet.edu (WA USA)  LTERnet     G
    spider.ento.csiro.au (Australia) Entomology   f
    gopher.uth.tmc.edu (port 3300)      Physiology    G
    envirolink.hss.cmu.edu (DE USA) Environment    GT [6]
    ecosys.drdr.virginia.edu (VA USA) Ecosystems    GT
    ngdc1.ngdc.noaa.gov (USA)  Paleoclimatology  f [1]
    huh.harvard.edu (MA USA)  Harvard Univ. Herbaria  fG
    simsc.si.edu (DC USA)  Smithsonian Inst.  f [3]
    ucmp1.berkeley.edu (CA USA)  Vertebrate museum   G
    bdt.ftpt.br (Brazil)  Biodiversity   fG
    coli.polytechnique.fr (France) Molecular evolution   G
    fconvx.ncifcrf.gov (MD USA)  Mathematical Biology  f
    cheops.anu.edu.au   Radiocarbon Abstracts  fG W

    bluehen.ags.udel.edu (DE USA) Entomology    G
    minerva.forestry.umn.edu (MN USA) Forestry    G
    ucsbuxa.ucsb.edu (CA USA)  Biology     G
    evolution.genetics.washington.edu Evolution   f
    evolution.bchs.uh.edu (TX USA) Evolution   f

    martini.eecs.umich.edu (MI USA) Geographic Name Server    t [7]
    wigeo.wu-wien.ac.at (Austria) Geography    G
    geogopher.ucdavis.edu (CA USA) Geology     G
    isdres.er.usgs.gov (VA USA)  US Geological Survey  f
    pippin.memst.edu   CERI Earthquake Center   G
    cdiac.esd.ornl.gov   CDIAC    f
    saturn.soils.umn.edu (MN USA) Geology     G
    kiawe.soest.hawaii.edu (HA USA) Generic Mapping Tools  f
    tycho.usno.navy.mil   U.S. Naval Observatory    t [8]
    nssdca.gsfc.nasa.gov  NSSDC On-Line Service    t [9]

    granta.uchicago.edu (IL USA)  Physics Resources   G
    xyz.lanl.gov (NM USA)  LANL Nonlinear Science    G
    mentor.lanl.gov (NM USA)  LANL Physics     G
    info.mcs.anl.gov (IL USA)  Argonne National Lab.  f

    stis.nsf.gov (DC USA)  Nat. Science Foundation  fG
    rtfm.mit.edu (MA USA)  Usenet FAQ repository ef [5]
    jse.stat.ncsu.edu (NC USA)  Journal of Stat. Educ.   fG
    ftp.sas.com (NC USA)                SAS-related information  f
    zaphod.ncsa.uiuc.edu (IN USA) Supercomputing   f
    lupulus.ssc.gov   Young Scientists Net.  f
    ksuvxa.kent.edu   Directory of lists  f
    sun.soe.clarkson.edu  LaTeX tools   f

    Notes:

    1: info@mail.ngdc.noaa.gov;
    2: chlamy@acpub.duke.edu;
    3: david@simsc.si.edu;
    4: info@sunsite.unc.edu, telnet username "swais" for WAIS seaches,
 telnet username "gopher" for plain gopher access;
    5: see section 3.6.2, Anonymous FTP and section 3.6.3, Anonymous FTP
 by E-mail;
    6: Telnet username "gopher", password "envirolink";
    7: Use port 3000, no username, "help" gets instructions;
    8: Telnet username "ads".
    9: Telnet username "nodis".
    10: Anonymous FTP from within Switzerland only.


-*- 3.6. Access Tools

    All Internet tools share the quirk that they are actually three things: 
    a "server" or "daemon" program that runs all the time on a host computer
    and accepts requests to connect over the Internet, a "client" program that
    people use to connect to or access these servers, and a standard protocol
    that allows many different versions of clients and servers to talk to one
    another without difficulty. 

    Most of the recently published books about the Internet describe these
    tools in detail.  Kehoe (1992), the first to appear, was offered first
    in a free electronic version over the Internet;  it is still available
    from many anonymous FTP archives around the world, in a directory named
    something like pub/zen/.  Krol (1992) has received excellent reviews. 
    See the bibliography for other books. 

    A new item:  the EARN Association has published a Guide to Network 
    Resource Tools (May 3, 1993), which is available via e-mail from 
    listserv@EARNCC.bitnet, by sending the message "get nettools ps" for
    a PostScript version or "get nettools memo" for a plain text version.
    The guide covers almost every tool mentioned here, including example.

    A few host computers mentioned in this guide allow the public to telnet
    to the host, and then use the host computer to access servers via gopher,
    WAIS or the Web.  These arrangements are offered as a courtesy to those
    people who do not have the necessary client software on their own
    computers, and want to try these tools before going to the trouble of
    installing the client software themselves.  Although licensing has been
    discussed for some of these tools (namely, certain versions of gopher),
    at present they are all free, and several are explicitly in the public
    domain or carry free GNU licenses.


-*- 3.6.1. Telnet

    Telnet allows someone using a computer with full Internet access to access
    another computer over the Internet and login there, assuming he or she has
    login privileges on that computer as well.  Anonymous telnet sessions are
    generally not permitted, but occasionally usernames are created with
    restricted privileges, for use by the Internet public.  Several of these
    are listed in section 3.5, List of Archives, and in Yanoff (1993).


-*- 3.6.2. Anonymous FTP

    FTP stands for file transfer protocol, and is the name of a program used
    for file transfers between computers with full Internet access, assuming
    you have privileges on both the local and remote computers.  Anonymous FTP
    is a common practice whereby anyone on the Internet may transfer files from
    (and sometimes to) a remote system with the userid "anonymous" and an
    arbitrary password.  By convention, anonymous FTP users provide their
    e-mail addresses when asked for a password.  This is useful to those
    archive managers who must justify to their bosses the time spent providing
    this free (but not cheap) service.  Some sites restrict when transfers may
    be made from their archives, and most prefer that large transfers be made
    only during off-hours (relative to that site).

    To receive a short guide to using anonymous FTP, send e-mail with the
    text "help" to info@sunsite.unc.edu.


-*- 3.6.3. Anonymous FTP by E-mail

    Bitnet does not support telnet or FTP sessions, but many Bitnet nodes are
    also full Internet sites, and so do support telnet and FTP.  For those
    who only have access to computers on Bitnet, Princeton University offers
    a file transfer service by e-mail.  Bitftp@PUCC.bitnet will send a help
    file in response to the message "help".  There is an identical server in
    Germany:  Bitftp@DEARN from within Bitnet/EARN or bitftp@vm.gmd.de from
    the Internet.  This server should be used only for FTP requests involving
    transfers within Europe.  If you have neither full Internet access nor an
    account on a Bitnet node, you can still get files from anonymous FTP
    archives by e-mail courtesy of ftpmail@decwrl.dec.com, which will send
    instructions in response to the word "help" followed by "quit" on separate
    lines of an e-mail message.

    Also, you can retrieve formal Usenet FAQs via e-mail from the Usenet FAQ
    repository, rtfm.mit.edu:  to get a help file, a list of all the FAQs
    stored there, and the latest version of this guide, send e-mail to
    mail-server@rtfm.mit.edu with the text

        help
        index
        send usenet/news.answers/biology/guide


-*- 3.6.4. Gopher

    Gopher is a user-interface program that makes FTP and other types of


    connections for computer users when they select an item in a menu.  It
    is an easy way to get stuff off the Internet without having to know
    where the stuff lives.  Gopher is free, and there are nice versions
    for most types of computers, especially Unix workstations and Macs. 
    It was invented at the University of Minnesota;  current versions can
    be retrieved via anonymous FTP from boombox.micro.umn.edu.  The name
    is a clever pun on the "go-for" person who runs errands for people,
    and on the burrowing rodent, which pops down a "hole" in the Internet
    and comes back up who-knows-where.  Bionet.general, bionet.software,
    and bionet.users.addresses are good places to learn more about biology-
    related gopher services.  Comp.infosystems.gopher is the newsgroup
    for gopher-related issues in general.  The FAQ for this group is stored
    on rtfm.mit.edu in the file pub/usenet/news.answers/gopher-faq.
    There is an entire chapter on gopher in Krol (1992).


-*- 3.6.5. Archie

    Archie helps people locate items (documents, software, etc.) in thousands
    of anonymous FTP archives around the world.  Archie clients for many types
    of computer, and documentation, can be retrieved via anonymous FTP from
    any archie server (see below) in the /pub/archie/doc/ directory, or by
    e-mail from archie-admin@ans.net.

    Archie can be used via e-mail, by sending e-mail with a list of commands
    to archie@ans.net.  For details, send the command "help".  Due to the very
    high demand for this service, requests should be made via e-mail or clients
    rather than telnet-ing to an archie server.  Please try to use archie only
    outside of working hours, make your query as specific as possible, and use
    the archie server nearest you:  archie.au in Australia; archie.funet.fi in
    Finland; archie.th-darmstadt.de in Germany; archie.doc.ic.ac.uk in Great
    Britain; archie.cs.huji.ac.il in Israel; archie.kuis.kyoto-u.ac.jp and
    archie.wide.ad.jp in Japan; archie.sogang.ac.kr in Korea; archie.nz in
    New Zealand; archie.luth.se in Sweden; archie.ncu.edu.tw in Taiwan;
    archie.ans.net, archie.rutgers.edu, archie.sura.net and archie.unl.net
    in the United States.


-*- 3.6.6. Veronica

    Veronica is a very easy rodent-oriented net-wide index to computerized
    archives.  Veronica's name is a play on the concepts of both gopher and
    archie.  (Remember the comic book couple Archie and Veronica?  Veronica
    does for gopher what archie does for anonymous FTP.)  Veronica searches
    through hundreds of gopher holes looking for anything that matches a
    keyword supplied by the user, and assembles a list of gopher servers that
    contain items of interest.  Note:  veronica checks *titles* of gopher
    items only, not their contents.

    There is a veronica database specifically for biology resources in the
    gopher server on merlot.welch.jhu.edu, under menu item "Search Databases
    at Hopkins...".  Its name is BOING, or Bio Oriented INternet Gophers.

    At present, there are no veronica clients;  veronica is a gopher tool.
    An informal veronica FAQ is posted regularly in comp.infosystems.gopher
    and archived on veronica.scs.unr.edu as veronica/veronica-faq.


-*- 3.6.7. Wide Area Information Servers (WAIS)

    The idea behind WAIS is to make anonymous FTP archives more accessible
    by indexing their contents for easy searching and browsing.  The client's
    user interface is simple, but the concept is so powerful that nearly
    everyone with an anonymous FTP archive has spent part of 1992 and 1993
    building WAIS indices of all available material (software, data, documents
    and other information).  In the course of all this effort an enormous
    amount of information that has been available for years or even decades
    has suddenly become publicly available for the first time all in the past
    year.  WAIS servers are often used as back-end engines for gopher servers.
    Gopher archives are built by hand, but WAIS bundles and organizes related
    items automatically, and thus greatly extends the functionality of gopher.

    Good WAIS client programs for the Mac (WAIStation) and PC (PCWAIS) are
    available on the anonymous FTP archive at think.com.  If your computer
    has full Internet access, you can try out WAIS on a Unix system, courtesy
    of Thinking Machines Corp., by telnetting to quake.think.com.  Use the
    username "wais" and give your e-mail address as the password.  See the
    newsgroup comp.infosystems.wais for more details, or see the WAIS FAQ
    (section 4, Useful and Important FAQs).


-*- 3.6.8. World-Wide Web (WWW)

    WWW is yet another tool for gathering useful information from the Internet.
    It was invented at the European Particle Physics Laboratory (CERN),
    Switzerland.  WWW looks like a document that users can open and read, but
    selecting certain words via mouse or keyboard causes other documents to be
    retrieved and opened for inspection.  The most powerful aspect of WWW at
    present is the ease with which seamless, attractive online documentation
    can be created, that is easy to find and browse, no matter where on the
    Internet the actual documents are.  You can try WWW, courtesy of CERN: 
    telnet to info.cern.ch (no username needed). 


-- 

      Una Smith      Department of Biology       smith-una@yale.edu
                     Yale University
                     New Haven, CT  06511



*****************************************************************Last-modified: 23 August 1993



-*- 4. Useful and Important FAQs

    You will learn a great deal about the Internet and what it has to offer
    if you read some of these FAQs.  If you still want to know more, browse
    around in Usenet.  Also, a number of books have been published recently
    that give a very thorough guide to the Internet;  see the bibliography
    and check your local academic bookstore or university library.  

    The files below are stored in pub/usenet/news.answers/ in the anonymous
    FTP archive on rtfm.mit.edu, and are posted frequently to the Usenet
    newsgroups news.answers, comp.answers and sci.answers, as appropriate.
    See sections 3.6.2 and 3.6.3 for help retrieving these FAQs via FTP or
    e-mail.  See section 2.3.3, Usenet FAQs about Usenet for a list of other
    titles.

               Title                            Archive filename
    --------------------------------------------------------------------

                        General resources

    Gopher [FAQ]                                gopher-faq
    comp.infosystems.wais FAQ   wais-faq/getting-started
    WAIS FAQ     wais-faq/sources
    FAQ: College Email Addresses                college-email/part[1-3]
    FAQ: How to find people's E-mail addresses  finding-addresses
    FAQ: International E-mail accessibility mail/country-codes
    How to Get Information about Networks       network-info/part1
    Public Dialup Internet Access List          pdial
    Updated Internet Services List              internet-services
    Mailing Lists Available in Usenet           bit/gatelist
    How to find sources                         finding-sources
    Anonymous FTP List - FAQ                    ftp-list/faq
    Anonymous FTP List - Sites                  ftp-list/sites[1-3]
    Mail Archive Server (MAS) software list     mas-software

                        Scientific resources

    A Biologist's Guide to Internet Resources   biology/guide
    Biological Information Theory               biology/info-theory
        and Chowder Society
    Computer Science Technical Report           techreport-sites/list
        Archive Sites
    Computer Graphics Resource Listing          graphics/resources-list/
                                                    part[1-3]
    FAQ in comp.ai.neural-nets   neural-net-faq
    Sources of Meteorological Data FAQ          weather-data
    Space FAQ                                   space/* [15 parts]


    Amos Bairoch has assembled a very useful list of Molecular Biology
    Archives and Mailservers which is available on many FTP sites, and
    in the Usenet newsgroup bionet.announce.

    Paul Hengen has written an FAQ about new methods in molecular biology for
    the bionet.molbio.methds-reagnts newsgroup.  It is available via anonymous
    FTP on ncifcrf.gov in pub/methods/FAQlist.

    Virgil Sealy and Lisa Nyman have written an FAQ for comp.infosystems.gis
    (and the gated GIS-L mailing list).  You can also get this FAQ by sending
    e-mail to gis-faq-request@abraxas.adelphi.edu (no message necessary), or
    you can get it via anonymous FTP from dg-rtp.dg.com in the file /gis/faq. 
    Bill Thoen has written "Internet Resources for GIS/CARTO/Earth Science",
    which is available via anonymous FTP from csn.org in the COGS/ directory.

    Ken Boschert keeps The Electronic Zoo, a list of mailing lists, archives,
    and dial-up BBS systems that have something to do with animals (including
    humans).  The most recent version can be retrieved via anonymous FTP from
    wuarchive.wustl.edu in /doc/techreports/wustl.edu/compmed/elec_zoo.txt. 
    The list has many items not mentioned in this guide.

    Lee Hancock keeps Internet/Bitnet Health Sciences Resources, a document
    that can be retrieved via anonymous FTP from ftp.sura.net, in the pub/nic/
    directory, file name medical.resources.<version>.  In the same directory
    is Wilfred Drew's Not Just Cows, a guide to Internet resources in
    agriculture and related sciences;  get the file named agricultural.list.


-*- 4.1. What's an FAQ and where can I get one?

    There are now hundreds of Internet documents, including this one, written
    expressly to answer frequently asked questions.  They are often refered
    to in the Usenet community as FAQs.  You will find them in the Usenet
    newsgroup news.answers (and subsets in sci.answers, comp.answers, and
    news.answers.newusers).  The Usenet FAQ repository is an anonymous FTP
    archive on rtfm.mit.edu (RTFM stands for Read The <bleep> Manual), in
    the directory pub/usenet/news.answers/.  See sections 3.6.2 and 3.6.3
    for details on anonymous FTP, including instructions for retrieving any
    Usenet FAQ via e-mail.


-*- 4.2. Does anyone have an e-mail address for X?

    Please, don't ask this in a newsgroup or mailing list.  It's rude!

    The quickest, most efficient way to answer this is to call or write to X
    directly.  If anyone can help you with this, it's X.  To date, most
    biologists don't have e-mail addresses, or if they do, they don't read
    their e-mail very often, so you really are better off contacting them
    directly.  If you must try to find this information via the computer
    networks, please start by reading Kamens (1993a) or Lamb (1993) or the
    relevant section of one of the books listed in the bibliography.  Also,
    you can check for the latest strategy in bionet.users.addresses.  But
    wait, there's more:  many gopher servers listed in this guide have
    searchable directories of biologists (see section 3.2, Directories).


-*- 4.3. How to find a good graduate program?

    Go talk to the undergraduate or graduate advisor in your department,
    if you're a college student.  Start browsing through the scientific
    journals, and the new book stack in the library.  Ask your favorite
    professors for advice.  Sadly, the Internet can not be all things to all
    people, and questions about how to pick graduate programs generally
    do not get satisfactory replies.

    One way you can use the Internet to explore graduate programs is by
    browsing through campus information directories via gopher.


-*- 4.4. Where can I get old newsgroup/mailing list articles?

    All the biology-related Usenet newsgroups (since 1991) are archived for
    searching via gopher, WAIS, and anonymous FTP on ftp.bio.indiana.edu, in
    the directory /usenet/bionet/.  The bionet newsgroups (some dating back
    to 1987) are archived for WAIS and anonymous FTP on net.bio.net.  Browse
    through gopher land for additional Usenet newsgroup archives.

    Most listserver mailing lists are archived on the computer where they
    are administered.  To subscribe and get an index of log files on the 
    listserver archive for the ECOLOG-L mailing list, for example, send
    e-mail to listserv@UMDD.umd.edu with the text:

 subscribe ECOLOG-L Your Name
 index ECOLOG-L


-*- 4.5. Where can I find biology-related job announcements?

    The bionet.jobs newsgroup is a good place to start, but you might also
    want to check sci.bio.ecology (a.k.a. the ECOLOG-L mailing list), which
    is sponsored by the Ecological Society of America and carries many job
    announcements.  Most other newsgroups and mailing lists carry occasional
    job notices.  The American Physiological Society offers job announcements
    appearing in their journals via gopher on gopher.uth.tmc.edu (port 3300).


-*- 5. Commercial Services

    The three most common types of commercial services are (1) restricted-use
    computer accounts allowing Internet access (e-mail or full access) via
    modem from personal computers, (2) on-line bibliographic databases that
    can be searched via modem or over the Internet, and (3) access via modem
    or the Internet to private Usenet-style special-interest networks, but
    only e-mail access to the rest of the Internet.  This third type of 
    service is rapidly disappearing as vendors add full Internet access to
    subscribers to keep them from going to another service vendor.

    For the benefit of people without full Internet access (telnet and FTP
    in addition to e-mail), Peter Kaminski maintains a list of commercial
    access providers (Kaminski 1993).  E-mail requests for this list can be
    sent to info-deli-server@netcom.com:  use "send PDIAL" as the subject.

    The best sources of information about Internet resources, for readers
    who do not have access to the Internet, are the books on the Internet
    listed in the bibliography, and many other published literature with the
    words "Internet", "online" or "database" in the title.  There are many
    such books available now, as publishers everywhere realize that money
    can be made on the new Electronic Frontier. 

    However, much of the information in these compendium books is out of date
    even before the book appears in print.  Also, it is generally compiled by
    people who are not well acquainted with the materials, and thus poorly
    organized.  Much of the information was gathered by soliciting data from
    administrators or suppliers of databases.  This data, in current form,
    is best gathered directly from the source, via the Internet.  The best
    strategy is to learn to cruise the Internet yourself, with the help of a
    a "tool" book such as Kehoe (1992) or Krol (1992; or if you can't find
    those at your local bookstore, some alternatives are Goldman 1992, Lane
    and Summerhill 1992, LaQuey and Ryer 1992, Malamud 1992 or Tennant et al.
    1993) and learn where in the Internet to look periodically for notices
    about resources of interest to you.  


-*- Acknowledgements

    This guide is Santa Fe Institute Working Paper # 93-06-038.

    This guide would not have been written without the financial support and 
    intellectual tolerance of Duke and Yale Universities;  it was organized
    (or organized itself) during the 1992 Complex Systems Summer School of 
    the Santa Fe Institute. 

    Many, many thanks to

        James Beach, Harvey Chinn, Dan Davison, Reinhard Doelz,
        John Garavelli, Don Gilbert, Rob Harper, Dan Jacobson,
        David Kristofferson, Francis Ouellette, Renato Sabatini,
        and Tom Schneider,

    who have provided substantial ideas and material for this guide and/or
    advice on related issues.  Harvey Chinn has served as my editor, and
    many improvements of organization were suggested by him.  Additional
    material and suggestions were contributed by: 

        David Bridge, Steve Clark, Jemery Day, Josh Hayes, Tom Jacobs,
 Andy Johnston, Jonathan Kamens, Jim McIntosh, Dean Pentcheff,
 Jon Radel, Ross Smith, Roy Smith, and Christophe Wolfhugel,

    and many, many readers of earlier versions of this guide.  Thank you!

    There exists a (mostly anonymous) cast of thousands who have made very
    large, even enormous voluntary contributions to the resources mentioned
    in this guide, and who are largely responsible for the thing we call the
    Internet in its broadest sense.  They must all be very proud of what
    they have helped to create. 

-- 

      Una Smith      Department of Biology       smith-una@yale.edu
                     Yale University
                     New Haven, CT  06511



*****************************************************************Last-modified: 23 August 1993


-*- Bibliography

    Anonymous (1993) "Total traffic through uunet for the last 2 weeks". 
 Usenet news.lists, 8 July.  Posted by newsstats@uunet.uu.net.

    Barr, D. and M. Horton (1993) "Rules for posting to Usenet".  Usenet
        news.announce.newusers.  FAQ archive filename posting-rules/part1.

    Brader, M. and J. Schwarz (1993) "Answers to Frequently Asked Questions
        about Usenet".  Usenet news.announce.newusers.  FAQ archive filename
        usenet-faq/part1.

    Crepin-Leblond, O.M.J. (1993) "FAQ: International E-mail accessibility".
  Usenet comp.mail.misc.  FAQ archive:  mail/country-codes.

    Granrose, J., M. Jones and T. Czarnik (1993a) "Anonymous FTP List - FAQ".
 Usenet comp.misc.  FAQ archive:  ftp-list/faq.

    Granrose, J., M. Jones and T. Czarnik (1993b) "Anonymous FTP List - Sites".
        Usenet comp.misc.  FAQ archive:  ftp-list/sites[1-3].

    Fotis, N.C. (1993) "Computer Graphics Resource Listing".  Usenet
        comp.graphics.  FAQ archive filename graphics/resources-list/part[1-3].

    Garavelli, J. (1992) "Announcements of the Protein Information
        Repository".  Usenet bionet.molbio.proteins, December.

    Goldmann, N. (1992) "Online Information Hunting".  Windcrest, Blue Ridge
        Summit, PA.

    Harris, R. (1993) "Computer Science Technical Report Archive Sites".
 Usenet comp.doc.techreports.  FAQ archive:  techreport-sites/list.

    Kahin, B. (1992) "Building Information Infrastructure:  Issues in
        the Development of the National Research and Education Network".
        McGraw Hill, New York.  432 pages.

    Kamens, J.I. (1993a) "FAQ: How to find people's E-mail addresses".  Usenet
        comp.mail.misc.  FAQ archive filename finding-addresses.

    Kamens, J.I. (1993b) "How to find sources (READ THIS BEFORE POSTING)". 
 Usenet comp.mail.misc.  FAQ archive filename finding-sources.

    Kamens, J.I. (1993c) "How to become a USENET site".  Usenet
        news.admin.misc.  FAQ archive filename site-setup.

    Kamens, J.I. (1993d) "Introduction to the news.answers newsgroup". 
 Usenet news.answers.  FAQ archive filename news-answers/introduction.

    Kamens, J.I. (1993e) "Mail Archive Server (MAS) software list". 
 Usenet comp.mail.misc.  FAQ archive filename mas-software.

    Kaminski, P. (1993) "Public Dialup Internet Access List (PDIAL)".  Usenet
        alt.internet.access.wanted FAQ archive filename pdial. 

    Keen, G., G. Redgrave, J. Lawton, M. Cinkosky, S. Mishra, J. Fickett,
 and C. Burks (1992) "Access to molecular biology databases". 
 Mathematical Comput. Modelling 16:93-101.

    Kehoe, B.P. (1992) "Zen and the Art of the Internet:  A Beginner's
        Guide to the Internet", 2nd Edition (July).  Prentice Hall,
        Englewood Cliffs, NJ.  112 pages.  The 1st Edition, (February)
        is available in Postscript format via anonymous FTP from
        ftp.cs.widener.edu and many other Internet archives.

    Krol, E. (1992) "The Whole Internet:  Catalog & User's Guide".
        O'Reilly & Associates, Inc., Sebastopol, CA.  376 pages.

    Lamb, D. (1993) "FAQ: College Email Addresses".  Usenet soc.college.
        FAQ archive filename college-email/part[1-3].

    Lane, E.S. and C.A. Summerhill (1992) "An Internet Primer for
        Information Professionals:  A Basic Guide to Networking Technology".
        Meckler Corporation, Westport, CT.  ~200 pages.  In press.

    LaQuey, T.L. (1992?) editor, "The User's Directory of Computer Networks".  
 Digital Press.  ~1000 pages.

    LaQuey, T.L. and J.C. Ryer (1992) "The Internet Companion:  A Beginner's
        Guide to Global Networking".  Addison-Wesley Publishing Co.,
        Reading, MA.  208 pages.

    Lawrence, D.C., G. Woods and G. Spafford (1993) "How to Create a New
 Usenet Newsgroup".  Usenet news.announce.newusers.  FAQ archive: 
        creating-newsgroups/part1.

    Leech, J. (1993) "Space FAQ".  Usenet sci.astro.  FAQ archive space/*.
 
    Malamud, C. (1992) "Exploring the Internet:  A Technical Travelogue".
        Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.  376 pages.

    McIntosh, J. (1993a) "NetNews/Listserv Gateway Policy."  Usenet bit.admin.
 FAQ archive:  bit/policy.

    McIntosh, J. (1993b) "Mailing Lists Available in Usenet."  Usenet
        bit.admin.  FAQ archive:  bit/gatelist.

    Prechelt, L. (1993) "FAQ in comp.ai.neural-nets".  Usenet
  comp.ai.neural-nets.  FAQ archive:  neural-net-faq.

    Reid, B. (1993a) "Usenet Readership Report for July 1993".  Usenet
 news.lists.

    Reid, B. (1993b) "Usenet Readership Summary Report for July 1993". 
 Usenet news.lists.

    Schneider, T. (1993) "Biological Information Theory and Chowder Society".
        Usenet bionet.info-theory.  FAQ archive:  biology/info-theory.

    da Silva, S. and C. Von Rospach and G. Spafford (1993) "Publicly
        Accessible Mailing Lists".  Usenet news.lists.  FAQ archive: 
        news.lists[1-5].

    Smith, Una R. (1993) "A Biologist's Guide to Internet Resources."
 Usenet sci.bio.  FAQ archive:  biology/guide.

    Spafford, G. (1993) "USENET Software: History and Sources".  Usenet
        news.admin.misc.  FAQ archive filename usenet-software/part1.

    Spafford, G. and R. Atkinson (1992) "How to Get Information about
        Networks".  Usenet news.admin.misc.  FAQ archive:  network-info/part1.

    Spafford, G. and M. Horton (1992) "Introduction to news.announce". 
        Usenet news.announce.newusers.  FAQ archive filename
        news-announce-intro/part1.

    Spafford, G. and A.J. Offutt VI (1992) "Hints on writing style for
        Usenet".  Usenet news.announce.newusers.  FAQ archive filename
        usenet-writing-style/part1.

    Spafford, G. and C. Salzenberg (1992) "What is Usenet?".  Usenet
        news.announce.newusers.  FAQ archive filename what-is-usenet/part1.

    Spafford, G. and C. Von Rospach (1992) "A Primer on How to Work With the
        Usenet Community".  Usenet news.announce.newusers.  FAQ archive
        filename usenet-primer/part1.

    Stern, I. (1993) "Sources of Meteorological Data FAQ".  Usenet
        sci.geo.meteorology.  FAQ archive filename weather-data.

    Templeton, B. (1991) "Emily Postnews Answers Your Questions on
        Netiquette".  Usenet news.announce.newusers.  FAQ archive filename
        emily-postnews/part1.

    Tennant, R., J. Ober and A.G. Lipow (1993) "Crossing the Internet
        Threshold:  an Instructional Handbook", 1st Edition.  Library
        Solution Press, San Carlos, CA.  134 pages.

    Thomas, E. (1993) "Revised LISTSERV System Reference Library".
        Listserv@BITNIC.educom.edu, release 1.7c.  Retrievable from any
        listserver using the mail message "send listserv refcard".

    UofMN Gopher Team (1993) "Gopher Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)".
        Usenet comp.infosystems.gopher.  FAQ archive:  gopher-faq.

    Wohler, B. (1993) "NN Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) with Answers".
        Usenet news.software.nn.  FAQ archive:  nn-faq.

    Woodbury, G.W. (1993) "UNIX BBS Software FAQ with Answers".  Usenet
 comp.bbs.misc.  FAQ archive:  unix-faq/bbs-software.

    Yanoff, S. (1993) "Updated Internet Services List".  Usenet
        alt.internet.services.  Available from rtfm.mit.edu FAQ
        archive as filename internet-services.

-- 

      Una Smith      Department of Biology       smith-una@yale.edu
                     Yale University
                     New Haven, CT  06511



******************************************************************************



From Packet: CHANNEL1
Message # 42341                                  Area : 1446  answers
From : Smith-una@yale.edu                        08-23-93  20:23
To   : All                      
Subj : A Biologist's Guide to In
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
@SUBJECT:A Biologist's Guide to Internet Resources (6 of 6)           
Message-ID: <1993Aug24.012337.6814@news.yale.edu>
Newsgroup: sci.bio,sci.answers,news.answers
Organization: Yale University

Archive-name: biology/guide/part6
Last-modified: 23 August 1993


-*- Appendix. Assorted LISTSERV Mailing Lists

    Remember, do not send your subscription request to the list itself.
    See section 2.4, Listserver Mailing Lists for subscription instructions,
    and  

    An "M" before the descriptive title indicates a moderated list.  All
    submissions should be sent to the moderator, not the list.  The
    listserver for such groups can provide the name and e-mail address of
    the moderator.  "G" indicates a gateway to a Usenet newsgroup; 
    "A" indicates that the listserver maintains some files for this group;
    "K" indicates the listserver is Anastasios Kotsikonas' program, which
    differs from the standard listserver of Eric Thomas.
 

    Agriculture and Animal Husbandry

    ag-econ@ERS.bitnet            Agricultural Economics and ERS Test List
    ag-exp-l@vm1.nodak.edu        Agricultural Expert Systems
    ageng-l@ibm.gwdg.de           Agricultural Engineering and Intel. Control
    agric-l@UGA.cc.uga.edu        Agriculture Discussion
    aqua-l@vm.UOGUELPH.ca         Aquaculture Discussion List
    camel-l@SAKFU00.bitnet        Discussion Forum on Camel Research
    dairy-l@UMDD.umd.edu          Dairy Discussion List
    gardens@UKCC.uky.edu          Gardens List  
    hort-l@VTVM1.cc.vt.edu        Va Tech Horticulture Dept. Announcements
    hortpgm@VTVM1.cc.vt.edu       Va Tech Horticulture Dept. Program
    mgarden@WSUVM1.csc.wsu.edu    Master Gardeners
    newcrops@vm.cc.purdue.edu     Discussion list for New Crops
    spud@WSUVM1.csc.wsu.edu       Potato Research
    rusag-l@UMDD.umd.edu          Russian Agriculture
    vetcai-l@KSUVM.ksu.edu        Vet. Medicine Computer Assisted Instruction
    vetlib-l@VTVM2.bitnet         Veterinary Medicine Library issues and info.
    vetmed-l@UGA.cc.uga.edu       Veterinary Medicine (Peered)

    Anthropology and Archaeology

    anct-ne@vm.byu.edu            Ancient Near Eastern Studies
    anthro-l@UBVM.cc.buffalo.edu  General Anthropology Bulletin Board
    arch-l@TAMVM1.tamu.edu        Archaeology List
    humevo@GWUVM.gwu.edu       M  Human Evolutionary Research Discussion
    native-l@TAMVM1.tamu.edu      Issues Pertaining to Aboriginal Peoples
    pacarc-l@WSUVM1.csc.wsu.edu   Pacific Rim Archaeology Interest List
    pan@GWUVM.gwu.edu             Physical Anthropology News List

    Biology

    bee-l@albany.edu              Discussion of Bee Biology
    bio-dost@ege.edu.tr           Biologists in Turkey
    bioesr-l@UMCVMB.bitnet        Biological applications of Electron Spin Res.
    biomch-l@nic.surfnet.nl       Biomechanics and Movement Science
    bnfnet-l@FINHUTC.hut.fi       Biological Nitrogen Fixation Forum
    cp@opus.hpl.hp.com            Carnivorous Plants
    entobr-l@vm1.lcc.ufmg.br      Entomology in Brazil (in Portuguese)
    entomo-l@vm.UOGUELPH.ca       Entomology Discussion List
    ethology@FINHUTC.hut.fi    G  Ethology
    herm@ege.edu.tr               Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Discussion
    iapwild@vm1.nodak.edu         International Arctic Project Wildlife
    l-etho@UQAM.bitnet            Ethologistes/Ethologists
    iopi@life.anu.edu.au       M  Int. Organization for Plant Information
    iubs@life.anu.edu.au       M  Int. Union of Biological Societies 
    lactacid@SEARN.sunet.se       Lactic Acid Bacteria Forum
    micronet@vm.UOGUELPH.ca       Fungus and Root Interaction Discussion
    rmbl-l@umdd.umd.edu           Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory
    socinsct@albany.edu           Social Insect Biology Research List
    thphysio@FRMOP11.cnusc.fr     Thermal Physiology

    Biostatistics

    biomet-l@ALBNYDH2.bitnet      Bureau of Biometrics at Albany
    bmdp-l@vm1.mcgill.ca          BMDP Software Users
    edstat-l@jse.stat.ncsu.edu KG Journal of Statistics Education List
    morphmet@CUNYVM.cuny.edu      Biological Morphometrics Mailing List
    pstat-l@IRLEARN.ucd.ie        Discussion of Stats and Programming
    qmlist@tbone.biol.scarolina.edu K Quantitative Morphology List
    sas-l@UGA.cc.uga.edu G SAS Discussion (Peered)
    saspac-l@UMSLVMA.umsl.edu     SAS Public Access Consortium
    spssx-l@UGA.cc.uga.edu G SPSSX Discussion (Peered)
    stat-l@vm1.mcgill.ca G Statistical Consulting

    Computational biology

    complex@life.anu.edu.au M Complex systems
    cybsys-l@BINGVMB.cc.binghamton.edu Cybernetics and Systems
    ecosys-l@vm.gmd.de            List for ecosystem theory and modeling
    glosas-l@acadvm1.UOTTAWA.ca   GLObal Systems Analysis and Simulation List
    inns-l@UMDD.umd.edu           International Neural Network Society
    ndrg-l@WVNVM.wvnet.edu        Nonlinear Dynamics Research Group
    neural-n@ANDESCOL.uniandes.edu.co Artificial Neural Networks Discussion

    Conservation and Environmental Studies

    apaspan@GWUVM.gwu.edu         APA Scientific Grassroots Network
    aquifer@IBACSATA.bitnet       Pollution and grondwater recharge
    aseh-l@TTUVM1.bitnet          American Soc. of Environmental Historians
    comdev@vm.ecs.rpi.edu         Communication & international development
    consbio@UWAVM.u.washington.edu Conservation Biology List
    conslink@SIVM.si.edu          Discussion on Biological Conservation
    cturtle@NERVM.nerdc.ufl.edu   Sea Turtle Biology and Conservation List
    devel-l@AUVM.american.edu  G  Technology Transfer in Int. Development
    envst-l@BROWNVM.brown.edu     Environmental Studies Discussion List
    icam-l@IRMFAO01.bitnet        Integrated Coastal Area Management
    itrdbfor@asuvm.inre.asu.edu   Dendrochronology Forum
    laspau-l@HARVARDA.harvard.edu Latin America Scholarship Program
    meh2o-l@TAUNIVM.tau.ac.il     Middle East water
    natura-l@UCHCECVM.bitnet      Ecology and Envir. Protection in Chile
    nciw-l@YALEVM.cis.yale.edu   Nutrient Cycling Issues - Worldwide
    odp-l@TAMVM1.tamu.edu         Ocean Drilling Program Open Discussion
    sfer-l@UCF1VM.cc.ucf.edu      South Florida Environmental Reader
    sopren-l@secom.ufpa.br   SOPREN discussion re Amazonia (Portuguese)

    Ecology

    biosph-l@UBVM.cc.buffalo.edu G Biosphere, ecology, Discussion List
    biodiv-l@bdt.ftpt.ansp.br     Biodiversity networks
    bird_rba@ARIZVM1.ccit.arizona.edu National Birding Hotline Cooperative
    birdband@ARIZVM1.ccit.arizona.edu Bird Bander's Forum
    birdchat@ARIZVM1.ccit.arizona.edu National Birding Hotline (Chat Line)
    birdcntr@ARIZVM1.ccit.arizona.edu National Birding Hotline (Central)
    birdeast@ARIZVM1.ccit.arizona.edu National Birding Hotline (East)
    birdwest@ARIZVM1.ccit.arizona.edu National Birding Hotline (West)
    birdtrip@ARIZVM1.ccit.arizona.edu Special BIRDCHAT LOGO Project
    ecolog-l@UMDD.umd.edu      G  Ecological Society of America
    firenet@life.anu.edu.au   Discussion of fire in landscape ecology
    ots-l@YALEVM.cis.yale.edu     Organization for Tropical Studies
    polpal-l@vm.UOGUELPH.ca       Pollination and palynology list
    sinoecol@MIAMIU.bitnet        Sino-Ecologists Club Overseas Forum

    Geology and Geography (including GIS)

    acdgis-l@AWIIMC12.imc.univie.ac.at Geographic Information Systems
    astra-ug@icnucevm.bitnet   ASTRA joint database project users group
    canspace@UNBVM1.bitnet        Canadian Space Geodesy Forum
    climlist@OHSTVMA.acs.ohio-state.edu Climatology Distribution List
    coastgis@IRLEARN.ucd.ie       Coastal GIS Distribution List
    cpgis-l@UBVM.cc.buffalo.edu   Chinese Professionals GIS Use List
    geoged@UKCC.bitnet            Geography Education List
    geogfem@UKCC.bitnet           Discussion list for Feminism in Geography
    geograph@SEARN.sunet.se       Geography
    geology@PTEARN.fc.ul.pt       Geology Discussion List
    geonet-l@IUBVM.ucs.indiana.edu M Geoscience Librarians & Information...
    georef@UNALCOL.bitnet         Sistemas de Info. Geo-Ref. (GIS in Spanish)
    gis-l@UBVM.cc.buffalo.edu  G  Geographic Information Systems
    idrisi-l@toe.towson.edu       Idrisi Discussion List
    imagrs-l@csearn.bitnet   Image Processing of Remotely Sensed data
    kyugis-l@UKCC.bitnet          Kentucky Universities Geographic Info...
    maps-l@UGA.cc.uga.edu         Maps and Air Photo Systems Forum  
    quake-l@vm.nodak.edu          QUAKE-L Discussion List
    seism-l@BINGVMB.cc.binghamton.edu Seismological Data Distribution
    seismd-l@BINGVMB.cc.binghamton.edu Seismological Discussion
    stat-geo@UFRJ.bitnet          Forum of Quantitative Methods in Geosciences
    tgis-l@UBVM.cc.buffalo.edu    Temporal Topics on GIS List
    ucgia-l@UBVM.cc.buffalo.edu   Univ Consort for Geo Info & Analysis List
    uigis-l@UBVM.cc.buffalo.edu G User Interfaces for Geographic Info. Sys.
    ukgeg@UKCC.bitnet             Kentucky Universities Geography Discussion
    vigis-l@UWAVM.u.washington.edu Virtual Reality and GIS

    Marine biology

    brine-l@UGA.cc.uga.edu        Brine Shrimp Discussion List
    crust-l@SIVM.si.edu           Crustacean Biology
    deepsea@uvvm.UVIC.ca          Deep Sea and Vent News
    diatom-l@IUBVM.ucs.indiana.edu Research on the diatom algae
    hypbar-l@TECHNION.technion.ac.il HyperBaric & Diving Medicine List
    marine-l@vm.UOGUELPH.ca       Marine Studies/Shipboard Education
    marmam@uvvm.UVIC.ca           Marine Mammal E-Mail Discussion List
    medsea-l@AEARN.bitnet         Marine Biology of the Adriatic Sea List

    Medicine and medical research

    admra-l@ALBNYDH2.bitnet       Adirondack Medical Records Association List
    amia-37@UMAB.bitnet           American Medical Informatics Association
    amied-l@vm1.mcgill.ca         American Medical Informatics Association Edu.
    babson@HARVARDA.harvard.edu   Discussions on Organizational Design of Acad.
    biomed-l@vm1.mcgill.ca        Assoc. of Biomedical Communications Directors
    biomed-l@NDSUVM1.bitnet       Biomedical Ethics
    cancer-l@WVNVM.wvnet.edu      CANCER discussion list
    clan@FRMOP11.cnusc.fr         Cancer Liaison and Action Network
    cfs-med@NIHLIST.bitnet        Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/CFIDS medical list
    cocamed@UTORONTO.bitnet       Computers in Canadian Medical Education
    compmed@WUVMD.bitnet        M Comparative Medicine List
    conflist@UCSFVM.bitnet        School of Medicine Conference List
    cromed-l@AEARN.bitnet         CROatian MEDical List
    family-l@MIZZOU1.bitnet       Academic Family Medicine Discussion
    healthco@RPITSVM.bitnet       Communication in health/medical context
    hypermed@UMAB.bitnet          Biomedical Hypermedia Instructional Design
    imia-l@UMAB.bitnet            Int. Medical Informatics Assn. Board
    iscami@GREARN.csi.forth.gr    Computer Assist. Management & Manip. Info.
    jmedclub@BROWNVM.brown.edu    Medical Journal Discussion Club
    lasmed-l@TAUNIVM.tau.ac.il    Laser Medicine
    medcons@FINHUTC.hut.fi        Medical consulting and case descriptions
    medforum@ARIZVM1.ccit.arizona.edu M Medical Students Discussion
    medimage@POLYVM.bitnet        Medical Imaging Discussion List
    medlib-l@UBVM.cc.buffalo.edu  Medical Libraries Discussion List
    mednets@NDSUVM1.bitnet        Medical Telecommunications Networks
    mednews@ASUACAD.bitnet      M Health Info-Com Network (HICN) Newsletter
    medphy-l@AWIIMC12.bitnet      EFOMP Medical Physics Information Services
    medstu-l@UNMVMA.bitnet      M Medical student discussion list
    medsup-l@YALEVM.cis.yale.edu  Medical Support List
    nnlm-sea@UMAB.bitnet          National Network Library of Medicine SEA
    nutepi@DB0TUIM.bitnet         Nutritional Epidemiology Discussion List
    oxygen-l@MIZZOU1.bitnet       Oxygen Free Radical Biology and Medicine
    panet-l@YALEVM.cis.yale.edu   Medical Education and Health Information
    smcdcme@WAYNEST1.bitnet       Continuing Medical Education Discussion List
    smdm-l@DARTCMS1.bitnet        Medical Decision Making List

    Molecular biology

    biotech@UMDD.umd.edu       G  Biotechnology Discussion List 
    confocal@UBVM.cc.buffalo.edu  Confocal Microscopy List
    cyan-tox@GREARN.csi.forth.gr  The Cyanobacterial Toxins Discussion List
    dis-l@IUBVM.ucs.indiana.edu   Drosophila workers to receive DIS Newsletter
    ebcbbul@HDETUD1.tudelft.nl    Computers in Biotechnology, Rsch. and Edu.
    ebcbcat@HDETUD1.tudelft.nl    Catalogue of 'Biotechnological' software
    embinfo@IBACSATA.bitnet       EMBNet (European Molecular Biology Network)
    emflds-l@UBVM.cc.buffalo.edu  Electromagnetics in Med., Sci. & Com.
    forumbio@scf.fundp.ac.be      Forum on molecular biology
    genetics@INDYCMS.iupui.edu    Clinical human genetics
    lpn-l@BROWNVM.brown.edu       Laboratory Primate Newsletter List
    nibnews@ccsun.unicamp.br      NIBNews (Biology and Medical Informatics)
    rbmi@FRORS13.bitnet           Molecular Biology Research Group

    Neurobiology

    cogsci-l@vm1.yorku.ca         Cognitive Science Discussion Group
    dasp-l@earn.cvut.cs           Digital Acoustic Signal Processing
    ecovis-l@YALEVM.cis.yale.edu  Trends in the Ecology of Vision
    neuchile@CUNYVM.cuny.edu      Chilean Neurosciences Discussion List
    neuro-l@YALEVM.cis.yale.edu   Yale Neuroscience Program
    neuro1-l@UICVM.uic.edu        Neuroscience Information Forum
    neus582@UICVM.uic.edu         Methods in Modern Neuroscience
    psyche-d@NKI.bitnet  M Interdisciplinary Research on Consciousness 
    sbnc-l@BRUSPVM.bitnet         Brazilian Society of Neurosciences & Comp.

    Taxonomy and Systematics

    class-l@ccvm.sunysb.edu       Classification and phylogeny estimation
    mollusca@ucmp1.berkeley.edu   Mollusc evolution, taxonomy, natural history
    muse-l@HARVARDA.harvard.edu   Muse Software Discussion List
    museum-l@UNMVMA.unm.edu       Museum discussion list
    rapd-l@vm.byu.edu             RAPD sequencing discussion list
    roots-l@vm1.nodak.edu         Genealogy list
    taxacom@HARVARDA.harvard.edu  Taxonomic and systematic collections list



    Teaching and Research

    biocis-l@SIVM.si.edu          Biology Curriculum Innovation Study
    biopi-l@KSUVM.ksu.edu         Secondary Biology Teacher List
    conslt-l@IUBVM.ucs.indiana.edu Research and Practice in Mentoring
    grants-l@JHUVM.hcf.jhu.edu    NSF Grants & Contracts 
    hpsst-l@QUCDN.queensu.ca      History and Philosophy of Science
    job-list@FRORS12.bitnet       Job offers from EARN Institute members
    methods@vm.ecs.rpi.edu        Research methodology
    navigate@UBVM.cc.buffalo.edu M Navigating The Internet Workshop List
    newedu-l@vm.usc.edu           New Paradigms in Education List
    nihggc-l@UBVM.cc.buffalo.edu M NIH Grants and Contracts Distribution List
    nsf-l@YALEVM.cis.yale.edu     NSF Information List
    pcorps-l@CMUVM.bitnet      G  International Volunteers Discussion Group
    scifaq-l@YALEVM.cis.yale.edu G Science FAQ List
    scifraud@uacsc2.albany.edu    Discussion of Fraud in Science
    vpiej-l@VTVM1.cc.vt.edu    G  Electronic journal discussions
    wisenet@UICVM.uic.edu         Women In Science and Engineering NETwork

-*- The End

-- 

      Una Smith      Department of Biology       smith-una@yale.edu
                     Yale University
                     New Haven, CT  06511



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