This contains the code to allow EMIT to write directly to video RAM rather than using BIOS calls.  You might want to copy the   appropriate blocks to PYGMY.SCR, perhaps after block 177, and   add a line to block 135 to load them.  Or, the easiest way to   try out this code is to open this file at unit #4 and use block 4001 as the load block.  It will create DPYGMY.COM which will   use the new version of EMIT.  Test it out by browsing through   PYGMY.SCR in the editor using the PgDn and PgUp keys.  Switch   between the BIOS and direct versions of EMIT by typing          >SCR and >DIRECT and see if you can tell a difference in the    speed.  It is impressively faster on an XT or other slow        hardware, less so on a '386 or better.  Block 4001 has the      phrase  $3F ATTR !  commented out.  If you have a color monitor you can remove the parentheses to set the colors to the ones    I'm currently using.     -- Frank, 10 August 93                                                                                 ( load block to create a test file named DPYGMY.COM, which        allows EMIT to write directly to video RAM rather than using    BIOS calls.  On slow, standard hardware, this will be much      faster than using the BIOS.)                                                                                                  4002 4005 THRU                                                                                                                  : (BOOT2  ( -)  INIT-VIDEO  >DIRECT  (BOOT  ( $3F ATTR ! ) ;                                                                                                                                    ' (BOOT2 IS BOOT   SAVE DPYGMY.COM                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              ( direct video EMIT on this & next 3 blocks )                       VARIABLE   VSEG                                                 VARIABLE  'CRTC                                                 VARIABLE CURSOR                                             80  CONSTANT C/LINE                                             25  CONSTANT  L/SCR                                                                                                             : INIT-VIDEO                                                      $B800 $40 $10 LC@ $30 AND $30 = $800 AND -   VSEG !                                           $40 $63 L@    'CRTC !  ;        INIT-VIDEO                                                        (  VSEG is B800 for color and B000 for mono)                    ( 'CRTC is 03D4 for color and 03B4 for mono)                                                                                                                                                                                                                  HEX  ( direct video EMIT                      )                 CODE (DEMIT ( c) BX AX MOV,  CURSOR ) DI MOV,                    ATTR ) BH MOV, ( keep attr in BH) SI PUSH,  DS PUSH, ( save'em)  VSEG ) CX MOV, CX DS MOV, CX ES MOV, ( pt to video ram)        0D #, AL CMP, 0=, IF,  C/LINE #, CL MOV, DI AX MOV,                 1 #, AX SHR,   CL IDIV,  AH AL MOV,  AH AH SUB,                 C/LINE #, CX MOV,   AX CX  SUB,  ( # words to fill)         20 #, AL MOV,  BH AH MOV, ( add attr)                           REP, AX STOS, C/LINE 2* #, DI SUB,                              ELSE, 0A #, AL CMP,  0=, IF,  C/LINE 2* #, DI ADD,              ELSE, 07 #, AL CMP,  0=, IF, ( bell) 61 #, DX MOV, AL IN, 3 #, AL OR, AL OUT, -1 #, CX MOV, BEGIN, LOOP, FC #, AL AND, AL OUT,  ELSE, 08 #, AL CMP, 0=, IF, ( bs) DI DEC, DI DEC,                  20 #, AL MOV, BH AH MOV,  AX 0 [DI] MOV,                     ( continued on next screen )                                                                                                   HEX  ( direct video EMIT    (DEMIT continued  )                   ELSE, 0 #, AL CMP,  0=, IF,  ( do nothing except set cursor)    ELSE, BH AH MOV,                                                AX STOS,  ( CS: #OUT INC )  THEN, THEN, THEN, THEN, THEN,       C/LINE L/SCR * 2* #, DI CMP,  <, NOT,  IF,                        DI DI SUB, C/LINE 2* #, SI MOV,                                 C/LINE L/SCR 1- *  #, CX MOV,  REP, AX MOVS,                    C/LINE #, CX MOV,  20 #, AL MOV, BH AH MOV,  REP, AX STOS,      C/LINE 2* #, DI SUB,                                          THEN,  CX POP, CX DS MOV, DI CURSOR ) MOV,                     'CRTC ) DX MOV,  ( 6845 index)  1 #, DI SHR,                    0E #, AL MOV,  AL OUT, DX INC,                                  DI AX MOV,  AH AL MOV,  AL OUT,  DX DEC, 0F #, AL MOV,          AL OUT, DX INC, DI AX MOV,  AL OUT,                             SI POP, BX POP, ( restore 'em)  NXT,  END-CODE                                                                                 ( direct video EMIT  continued                  )               : (DAT  ( row col)  SWAP C/LINE * + 2* CURSOR !  0 (DEMIT  ;                                                                    : (DCUR@ ( - row col) CURSOR @ 2/ C/LINE U/MOD SWAP  ;                                                                          : (DCLS ( -) 0 0 2DUP (DAT  L/SCR FOR CR  NEXT (DAT ;                                                                           : >DIRECT  CUR@ (DAT  ['] (DEMIT DUP IS EMIT  IS DEFAULT-EMIT      ['] (DAT IS AT   ['] (DCUR@ IS CUR@  ['] (DCLS IS CLS ;                                                                      : >SCR     CUR@ (AT  ['] (EMIT DUP IS EMIT    IS DEFAULT-EMIT      ['] (AT IS AT   ['] (CUR@ IS CUR@  ['] (CLS IS CLS ;