; Tiny Pascal assembler code MOV SP,OFFSET(STACKORG) MOV BP,SP CALL MAIN INT 020H ; included ; STDIO.HDR ; ; READ and WRITE routines needed for Tiny Pascal ; SYS_RCHAR PROC NEAR ; Read single character from stdin MOV AH,1 INT 021H RET ; value comes back in AL ENDP SYS_WRCHAR PROC NEAR ; Write a single character (in DL) to stdin MOV AH,2 INT 021H RET ENDP SYS_WHEX PROC NEAR ; Write a single HEX number (in DL) to stdin CMP DL,10 JL SYS_01 ADD DL,55 ; 'A' - 10 CALL SYS_WRCHAR RET SYS_01 ADD DL,'0' CALL SYS_WRCHAR RET ENDP SYS_IWRT PROC NEAR ; Write an integer to stdout in HEX MOV DH,4 ; used as a counter SYS_11 ROL AX ROL AX ROL AX ROL AX MOV DL,AL AND DL,0FH PUSH AX CALL SYS_WHEX POP AX DEC DH JNZ SYS_11 RET ENDP SYS_SWRT PROC NEAR ; Write a string terminated by 0 to stdout SYS_21 MOV DL,0[BX] CMP DL,0 JNZ SYS_22 ; zero terminator? RET SYS_22 CALL SYS_WRCHAR INC BX JMPS SYS_21 ENDP SYS_WRTLN PROC NEAR ; write carriage return/line feed to stdout MOV DL,0DH CALL SYS_WRCHAR MOV DL,0AH CALL SYS_WRCHAR RET ENDP READ PROC NEAR ; read a HEX number from STDIN MOV DX,0 ; clear DX READ_01 CALL SYS_RCHAR ; get one character in AL ; won't affect DX CMP AL,0DH JNZ READ_02 PUSH DX ; save the thing we've done CALL SYS_WRTLN ; send a carriage return/line feed POP AX ; was an ENTER RET READ_02 CMP AL,' ' JZ READ_01 ; ignore spaces SUB AL,'0' ; start conversion to binary CMP AL,9 JLE READ_03 SUB AL,7 ; turn 'A' into 0AH READ_03 CMP AL,0FH JLE READ_04 SUB AL,32 ; turn 'a' into 0AH READ_04 AND AL,0FH ; clip for good measure SHL DX ; prepare DX for hex value SHL DX SHL DX SHL DX OR DL,AL JMPS READ_01 ; go do some more ENDP READLN PROC NEAR JMPS READ ; does the same thing ENDP ; ... end of include STDIO.HDR ; {TURUN -- A sample program written in Tiny Pascal } ; var I, J, K, PROBLEM; ; ; {*********************} ; function ISLESS(N1, N2); ; begin {returns 1 if n10} ; else isless:=0; ; end; ISLESS PROC NEAR PUSH BP MOV BP,SP MOV AX,4[BP] ; N2 SUB AX,6[BP] ; N1 CMP AX,0 JLE XXX0 MOVW 8[BP],1 ; ISLESS JMP XXX1 XXX0 EQU $ MOVW 8[BP],0 ; ISLESS XXX1 EQU $ MOV AX,8[BP] ; ISLESS POP BP RET 6 ENDP ; SYMBOL TABLE ; ISLESS 8[BP] ; N1 6[BP] ; N2 4[BP] ; ; function ADDEMUP(LOWER, UPPER, SUM); ; begin end; {makes it a forward declaration} ; ; {*********************} ; function ISEQUAL(N1, N2); ; begin ; if n2-n1 then isequal:=0 {false} ; else ; if n1-n2 then isequal:=0 ; else isequal:=1; ; end; ISEQUAL PROC NEAR PUSH BP MOV BP,SP MOV AX,4[BP] ; N2 SUB AX,6[BP] ; N1 CMP AX,0 JLE XXX2 MOVW 8[BP],0 ; ISEQUAL JMP XXX3 XXX2 EQU $ MOV AX,6[BP] ; N1 SUB AX,4[BP] ; N2 CMP AX,0 JLE XXX4 MOVW 8[BP],0 ; ISEQUAL JMP XXX5 XXX4 EQU $ MOVW 8[BP],1 ; ISEQUAL XXX5 EQU $ XXX3 EQU $ MOV AX,8[BP] ; ISEQUAL POP BP RET 6 ENDP ; SYMBOL TABLE ; ISEQUAL 8[BP] ; N1 6[BP] ; N2 4[BP] ; ; {***********************} ; function ADDEMUP(LOWER, UPPER, SUM); ; {SUM is a local} ; begin ; sum:=0; ; while isless(lower, upper) do begin ; sum:=sum+lower; ; lower:=lower+1; ; end; ; addemup:=sum+lower; { the last one was left out } ; end; ADDEMUP PROC NEAR PUSH BP MOV BP,SP MOVW 4[BP],0 ; SUM XXX6 EQU $ PUSH AX MOV AX,8[BP] ; LOWER PUSH AX MOV AX,6[BP] ; UPPER PUSH AX CALL ISLESS CMP AX,0 JLE XXX7 MOV AX,4[BP] ; SUM ADD AX,8[BP] ; LOWER MOV 4[BP],AX ; SUM MOV AX,8[BP] ; LOWER ADD AX,1 MOV 8[BP],AX ; LOWER JMP XXX6 XXX7 EQU $ MOV AX,4[BP] ; SUM ADD AX,8[BP] ; LOWER MOV 10[BP],AX ; ADDEMUP MOV AX,10[BP] ; ADDEMUP POP BP RET 8 ENDP ; SYMBOL TABLE ; ADDEMUP 10[BP] ; LOWER 8[BP] ; UPPER 6[BP] ; SUM 4[BP] ; ; {*********************} ; function MAIN(SUM, UPPER); ; begin ; i:=1; ; j:=i+5; ; k:=j-16; ; problem:=i+(j*k); ; writeln('I: ', i, ' J: ', j, ' K: ', k, ' Problem: ', problem); ; write('Enter upper '); ; upper:=read; ; sum:=addemup(1, upper); {sum of integers 1..upper} ; if isequal(sum, (upper*(upper+1))/2) then ; writeln('Sum = ', sum) ; else begin ; writeln('BUG: Sum = ', sum, '; should be ', ; (upper*(upper+1))/2); ; end; ; end; MAIN PROC NEAR PUSH BP MOV BP,SP MOVW I,1 ; I MOV AX,I ; I ADD AX,5 MOV J,AX ; J MOV AX,J ; J SUB AX,16 MOV K,AX ; K MOV AX,K ; K PUSH AX MOV AX,J ; J POP CX IMULW CX PUSH AX MOV AX,I ; I POP DX ADD AX,DX MOV PROBLEM,AX ; PROBLEM MOV BX,OFFSET(SS0) CALL SYS_SWRT MOV AX,I ; I CALL SYS_IWRT MOV BX,OFFSET(SS1) CALL SYS_SWRT MOV AX,J ; J CALL SYS_IWRT MOV BX,OFFSET(SS2) CALL SYS_SWRT MOV AX,K ; K CALL SYS_IWRT MOV BX,OFFSET(SS3) CALL SYS_SWRT MOV AX,PROBLEM ; PROBLEM CALL SYS_IWRT CALL SYS_WRTLN MOV BX,OFFSET(SS4) CALL SYS_SWRT CALL READ MOV 4[BP],AX ; UPPER PUSH AX MOV AX,1 PUSH AX MOV AX,4[BP] ; UPPER PUSH AX MOV AX,0 PUSH AX CALL ADDEMUP MOV 6[BP],AX ; SUM PUSH AX MOV AX,6[BP] ; SUM PUSH AX MOV AX,2 PUSH AX MOV AX,4[BP] ; UPPER ADD AX,1 PUSH AX MOV AX,4[BP] ; UPPER POP CX IMULW CX CWD POP CX IDIVW CX PUSH AX CALL ISEQUAL CMP AX,0 JLE XXX8 MOV BX,OFFSET(SS5) CALL SYS_SWRT MOV AX,6[BP] ; SUM CALL SYS_IWRT CALL SYS_WRTLN JMP XXX9 XXX8 EQU $ MOV BX,OFFSET(SS6) CALL SYS_SWRT MOV AX,6[BP] ; SUM CALL SYS_IWRT MOV BX,OFFSET(SS7) CALL SYS_SWRT MOV AX,2 PUSH AX MOV AX,4[BP] ; UPPER ADD AX,1 PUSH AX MOV AX,4[BP] ; UPPER POP CX IMULW CX CWD POP CX IDIVW CX CALL SYS_IWRT CALL SYS_WRTLN XXX9 EQU $ MOV AX,8[BP] ; MAIN POP BP RET 6 SS7 DB '; should be ',0 SS6 DB 'BUG: Sum = ',0 SS5 DB 'Sum = ',0 SS4 DB 'Enter upper ',0 SS3 DB ' Problem: ',0 SS2 DB ' K: ',0 SS1 DB ' J: ',0 SS0 DB 'I: ',0 ENDP ; SYMBOL TABLE ; MAIN 8[BP] ; SUM 6[BP] ; UPPER 4[BP] ; ; GLOBAL VARIABLES PROBLEM DW 0 I DW 0 J DW 0 K DW 0 ; RUNTIME STACK DS 2000 STACKORG DW 0 ; MAIN stack space DW 0 DW 0 DW 0 ; NO errors