TTTTTTT T T T T T T T T EEEEEEE E E EEEEE E E EEEEEEE M M MM MM M M M M M MM M M M M M M M EEEEEEE E E EEEEE E E EEEEEEE SSSSSSS S S S SSSSSSS S S S SSSSSSS CCCCCCC C C C C C C C CCCCCCC AAA AAAAA A A A A AAAAAAA A A A A L L L L L L LLLLLLL TEMESCAL Copyrighted 1988 by John Ellis TABLE OF CONTENTS Page SECTION I - For Your Information COPYRIGHT NOTICE 3 LIMITED LICENSE AGREEMENT 3 COPY PROTECTION 3 LIMITED WARRANTY 3 SECTION II - Introduction ABOUT THE SOFTWARE 4 SINGLE STROKE vs MULTI STROKE ENTRY 4 UPDATES 4 SUPPORT 4 SECTION III - Getting started MAIN MENU 5 How to use TEMESCAL 5 Counting Source Statements 6 Language Constant 6 Getting Started 6 Increasing A Programmers Efficiency 7 SECTION V APPENDIX SPECIFICATIONS A-1 FEATURES HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS REFERENCES OTHER SOFTWARE A-2 TEMESCAL - Software Development Tool Page - 2 SECTION I - For Your Information COPYRIGHT NOTICE COPYRIGHT 1988 John Ellis - All Rights Reserved The TEMESCAL software is Copyrighted by John Ellis. This software is considered ShareWare. Our definition of ShareWare means that we will grant you, a prospective user, a limited license to use this software. If you like the software and wish to use it, you must purchase a registered version just as you would buy any other software. If you know of others who may be interested in this software, you may give them a copy for evaluations purposes. No part of this manual may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system or translated into any language or computer language, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, manual or otherwise, without the prior written permission of John Ellis. WARNING THE SOFTWARE AND THIS MANUAL ARE BOTH PROTECTED BY U.S. COPYRIGHT LAW (TITLE 17 UNITED STATES CODE). UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION AND/OR SALES MAY RESULT IN IMPRISONMENT OF UP TO ONE YEAR AND FINES OF UP TO $10,000 (17 USC 506). COPYRIGHT OR LICENSE INFRINGERS MAY ALSO BE SUBJECT TO CIVIL LIABILITY. LIMITED LICENSE AGREEMENT The Limited License Agreement that is granted to anyone who wishes to evaluate this software. We think two months is a reasonable amount of time for an evaluation. After the two month evaluation period, you are expected to purchase a registered copy of TEMESCAL, if you find it useful. If you do NOT find it useful you are expected to discontinue its use. No other agreements are expressed or implied. COPY PROTECTION This software is NOT copy protected, for your convenience. You may make a copy of this software for evaluation purposes. The prospective user is granted a limited license to evaluate this software. We are experimenting with a number of techniques to protect our software from thieves and those who would use this software illegally. Several of these techniques have been incorporated into the software package that you presently have. LIMITED WARRANTY THIS PROGRAM IS PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND. THERE IS NO WARRANTY, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU (AND NOT KONA ENGINEERING OR ANY AUTHORIZED DEALER) ASSUME THE ENTIRE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION FROM ALL OF THE ABOVE, I hope that you have gotten the impression that we are serious about protecting our software. We, of course, want you to use and enjoy our software but we will NOT tolerate those who attempt to rip us off. TEMESCAL - Software Development Tool Page - 3 SECTION II - Introduction ABOUT THE SOFTWARE In the beginning there was a computer. Since that first day, there has been the subject of programmer productivity. Lines of source code per day was the means by which it was measured. Analyzing efficiency factors, technology constants and whether they deviate from the mean by more than one standard deviation is all academic, unless it produces a tool to help and/or measure productivity. The real world bottom line is; How can I produce a quality program, which meets the user's requirements in a predefined amount of time. Productivity aids are generally divided into three very broad categories: techniques (like structured programming, See SAP in the Reference Section of the Appendix), scheduling packages (to help control development time), and actual software packages (language and debugging aids, etc). Our program relates the following parameters in a Software Development Project: T)ime E)ffort M)anmonths E)fficiency S)ize C)ost A)nd L)anguage The word TEMESCAL is not just an acronym it's also a real Indian word from the Creol tribe which describes a person who learns by watching. SINGLE STROKE vs MULTI STROKE ENTRY When a Single Stroke entry is requested, a single prompt character will follow the prompt message. See the "What's your Pleasure!" prompt message on the MAIN MENU. When a Multi Stroke entry is requested, a string of asterisks will be displayed. The number of asterisks indicates the total number of characters allowed. An example of this is found in the BUILD module when adding a new stock. UPDATES Updates are available for a nominal charge of about 25% of the Registration Fee. Do NOT call us for Updates, If you are a Registered Owner we will notify you. To receive an update, you must send us the Original Disk (any other disk is unacceptable) that you received from us: 1) in a suitable diskette mailing envelope 2) with return postage included and 3) a check, cash or money order. The most recent update will be sent to you within 5 working days. On major revisions, an additional charge maybe invoked! All registered owners will be notified when updates are available. SUPPORT TEMESCAL comes with several support programs which count Executable Source Statements in Assembly, Basic and `C'. We will be adding add itional support programs for other languages in the vary near future. We support our software 100 percent. If you are a registered owner of our software, you can call or write us ANYTIME and we will really talk to you. We will answer your questions and assist you in any way that we can. TEMESCAL - Software Development Tool Page - 4 SECTION III Getting Started Software Development projects are notorious for getting bogged down in unforeseen delays and costs. The reason, all too often, is that they are planned by guesswork, based on the narrow experience of a particular management team. TEMESCAL brings you the experience of thousands of development projects. There is a more orderly approach to planning a software project and it's based on the so called "software equation". The "software equation" was developed in the 70's after studying over 800 "very large" development projects performed by many different companies and Government Agencies. The "software equation" has been improved and refined to include data on today's popular languages(such as ADA, C, Pascal, etc) and computers(8, 16 and 32 bit). MAIN Menu: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TEMESCAL A Software Development Tool -Operation ----------------------------------------------------- | Language | Select a Language and Set your Efficiency | | ManHours | How many people will be writing code | | Source | Number of Executable Source Statements | | Time | Total Project Hours, Beginning to End | | Calculate | Recalculate | | Help | Many Help Screens | ---------------------------------------------------------------- What's Your Pleasure? _ to Exit ManHours Total Time Source Statement Language/Constant/Efficiency # of People Hours Lines of Code Aztec C - 7.50 - .34(34%) 1.0 60.7 600.0 What to calculate _ TEMESCAL Version 4.1 Copyrighted John Ellis 1988 - All Rights Reserved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure III-1 How to use TEMESCAL With TEMESCAL you can: (1) Compare a change in development time for a corresponding change in the number of man-months needed for a development project. (2) Evaluate the development time required in a software project when different languages or different efficiencies are used. (3) Calculate the efficiency of each and every programmer and monitor their productivity as the project progresses. (4) If you have a deadline to meet, you can calculate the number and efficiency level of the programmers required to meet it. TEMESCAL - Software Development Tool Page - 5 Counting Source Statements The number of executable source statements comes very close to the number of lines of source code when your considering assembly language. Since a source statement in one language may produce more machine code than a source statement in another language, its clear that a language constant MUST be considered. The alternative to the language constant is using the amount of code produced as the measuring stick. Since I feel obligated to define "Executable Source Statement" if for no other reason than to create controversy. AN "Executable Source Statement" is any source statement which creates machine code. That seems simple enough!! Examples of NON Executable Source Statements: In ADA, some are; procedure, begin, end, etc In `C', some are; {, }, begin, end, etc In BASIC, some are; DEF FN, END DEF, etc Things which create storage space are not considered to create machine code) In ADA, some are; declarations:, etc In `C', some are; #define, comments, dim, char, int, float, etc. In BASIC, some are; DIM, REDIM, SHARED, REM, ', etc This should probably be changed to LINES of SOURCE Code which can then be plugged into a formula to get approximate Size in Kilobytes. Example, 100 lines of code in Assembly Language would compile down to more bytes than 100 lines of C code. Therefore Assembly is more efficient than C as a language. Can you believe I said that! LANGUAGE CONSTANT The Language Constant is developed from the number of Executable Source Statements necessary to perform a given task. Some languages are more efficient at certain tasks than others. STARTING TEMESCAL When you see the DOS prompt A>, Type in "TEM" then hit The Main Menu will appear on the screen. In the box at the top of the screen (See Figure III-1), you'll see the 7 Operations listed along with a brief description of what each does. Below the long box is the prompt line which says "What's Your Pleasure?" followed by the blinking cursor which is followed by to Exit to DOS. 1st Enter L to Select the Language Operation 2nd Enter 1 to Select AZTEC C 3rd Enter 34 when asked "What is your Efficiency" 4th Enter C to select the Calculate Operation The Calculate Options will appear on the Screen below the previous prompt line! Enter T to select the Time calculation! TEMESCAL - Software Development Tool Page - 6 This is what you should see on the screen! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TEMESCAL A Software Development Tool -Operation ----------------------------------------------------- | Language | Select a Language and Set your Efficiency | | ManHours | How many people will be writing code | | Source | Number of Executable Source Statements | | Time | Total Project Hours, Beginning to End | | Calculate | Recalculate | | Report | Report for Proposal or Customer | | Help | Many Help Screens | ---------------------------------------------------------------- What's Your Pleasure? _ to Exit to DOS ManHours Total Time Source Statement Language/Constant/Efficiency # of People Hours Lines of Code Aztec C - 7.50 - .34(34%) 1.0 60.7 600.0 C - Constant for Language used E - Efficiency at Language used What to calculate _ to Menu M - Manhours, # of People S - Source Statements T - Time to write program TEMESCAL Version 4.1 Copyrighted John Ellis 1988 - All Rights Reserved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Figure III-2 We have selected AZTEC C as the language and said that our efficiency with AZTEC C is 34% and then we choose to calculate the time required to write a 600 source statement program. You will see that we now have 60.7 hours. Going back to the long box at the top of the screen( Hit Return). If you have a Color monitor, you will notice the the first letter of each of the modes is highlighted(a different color than the rest of the word). If you don't have a color monitor, you only need to hit the first letter of the word inorder to enter that mode. See Single Stroke vs Multi Stroke Entry in Section II. Try changing the Language to BASIC, using the same efficiency (34%) even though it may be different for BASIC. How long does it take to write the same 600 lines in BASIC. Now try adding a second programmer to help you write code! What happens to the time required to write the 600 lines of code. TEMESCAL - Software Development Tool Page - 7 Increasing a Programmers Efficiency There are many ways to improve a programmers efficiency. Some relatively inexpensive ways include: 1) Separate programmers into their own offices that are relatively sound proof. This will increase their concentration and reduce idle chit chat with their neighbors. 2) Eliminate the piped in music to the programmers rooms and eliminate all radios. 3) Establish several quite periods when NO outside calls will be trans fered to programmers. Like 10 to 12am and again 1pm to 4pm 4) Meeting should be scheduled during NON quite periods, like 9am and 4pm. 5) Lunch time informal meetings(bull sessions), where the company brings in sandwiches, pizza or buffet. Project managers should talk about where the company stands with its projects and what their projects mean to the company. The program managers should listen to what the programmer have to say about their problems and what could be done to improve things. The next least expensive ways include: 1) Periodic testing of programmers inorder to measure their efficiency with incentive bonuses to those who improve their efficiency at least two points. Two points gets a minimum bonus; Three points get a bigger bonus; Four points even bigger! Make sure the efficiencies are based on improved code production and not on use of additional tools or function previously written. 2) Give awards, wall plaques, etc at the lunch time informal meetings 3) Assign several of your best programmers as tutors and have them spend 1 or 2 hours per week with new programmers to help bring him along. TEMESCAL - Software Development Tool Page - 8 SECTION V - Appendix SPECIFICATIONS - for TEMESCAL A Tool for Planning or Managing Software Development Projects FEATURES Compare Development cost using different Languages Calculate the Manpower required to meet a Schedule Software Development, Measurement of Performance Measure your Individual or Companies performance Menu driven and Single stroke commands Evaluate Programmer Productivity Numerous Help Screens Cost Estimating Software Development projects are notorious for getting bogged down in unforeseen delays and costs. The reason, all too often, is that they are planned by guesswork, based on the narrow experience of a particular management team. TEMESCAL brings you the experience of thousands of development projects. There is a more orderly approach to planning a software project and it's based on the so called "software equation". The "software equation" was developed in the 70's after studying over 800 "very large" development projects performed by many different companies and Government Agencies. The "software equation" has been improved and refined to include data on today's popular languages(such as ADA, C, Pascal, etc) and computers(8, 16 and 32 bit). With TEMESCAL you can: (1) Compare a change in development time for a corresponding change in the number of man-months needed for a development project. (2) Evaluate the development time required in a software project when different languages or different efficiencies are used. (3) Calculate the efficiency of each and every programmer and monitor their productivity as the project progresses. (4) If you have a deadline to meet, you can calculate the number and efficiency level of the programmers required to meet it. The Languages presently supported by TEMESCAL are Ada, Assembly, BASIC (interpreter and compiler), C, COBOL, Forth, Fortran, Modula-2, Pascal and PL1. More languages will be added as we have data. TEMESCAL is menu driven, uses single stroke commands and windows to make it fast, responsive and easy to use. If you plan or manage any software project, you need this program! HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS TEMESCAL runs on ANY IBM PC/XT/AT or compatible with PC/MS-DOS Vers 2.1 up. It requires only a single Floppy Disk drive and only 256k of memory and an 80 column printer. Dual Disk drives or a Hard Disk are optional. REFERENCES 1. SAP - Structured Application Programming by John G. Ellis; App Note #8, John Ellis 1985. 2. Software Programmer Productivity; Technical Report N87-41; Defense Technical Information Center, Alexandria, VA. 3. A Methodology for the Analysis of Programmer Productivity and Effort Estimation by J.D. Fernandez; May 84;Air Force Institute of Technology,Wright-Patterson AFB, OH. 4. The Software Equation by J.G. Ellis; App Note #13, John Ellis 1986 5. A Comparison of RADC and NASA/SEL Software Development Data; Report TM-1; Data and Analysis Center for Software; Griffiss AFB, NY. TEMESCAL - Software Development Tool APPENDIX A - 1 OTHER SOFTWARE HOME type Software ------------------ PREGNANT - A Pregnancy Planning tool $35.00 PREGNANT was orginally designed asa tool to help woman with unstable menstrual cycles to get pregnant. The results of this study showed that PREGNANT was a very useful Pregnancy Planning Tool. If your willing to devote about one minute a day, you can get off the pill and still have complete control over your ability to GET or NOT GET preganant. UTILITY - Save on your Utility bills $20.00 A very versatile program that helps you check your utility bills for accuracy or split the costs among people living in your household. If your interested in energy savings, you can monitor your daily electric, gas or water consumption. You can also calculate the energy used by each appliance in your home. DIET - A Nutrition program $45.00 This is a complete program for dietary control. Over 1200 foods in the data base. Add more foods, even create your own receipts and place then in the foood file. Get complete control of your daily nutrition. A very excellent program for dieters or those on restricted diets. BUSINESS type Software: ----------------------- RETAIL - A Retail store program $45 A complete inventory control system for any retail store. Includes Cash Register, Automatic Purchase Order, Lay Away and accounting modules. A must for ANY retail store! TAB - Time, Analysis and Billing $40 Anyone who charges by time for a job needs this program. Excellent for Consultants, Lawyers, and Programmers who charge their customers for their time. PROGRAMMING Tools: ------------------ TEMESCAL $35.00 A tool for Planning and Managing Software Development Projects. For the beginner and the professional alike. Calculate your efficiency in a certain language. Calculate the time required to write a program and then compare it with the time required in another language. Comes with programs to count executable source statements in several languages. BASIC Tutorial $40.00 This is a collection of BASIC programs and BASIC FNfunctions for use with most flavors of BASIC. This tutorial comes with a 3 ring binder and approx. 150 pages C Tutorial $40.00 This is a collection of C programs and functions for use with most flavors of C. This tutorial comes with a 3 ring 8-1/2 x 11 x 2 binder and approx 150 pages of good programming examples. Learn by examining how the experts do it. Write for a Complete List of Software TEMESCAL - Software Development Tool APPENDIX A - 2