       Document 0096
 DOCN  M9460096
 TI    Phylogenetic associations of human and simian T-cell
       leukemia/lymphotropic virus type I strains: evidence for interspecies
       transmission.
 DT    9404
 AU    Koralnik IJ; Boeri E; Saxinger WC; Monico AL; Fullen J; Gessain A; Guo
       HG; Gallo RC; Markham P; Kalyanaraman V; et al; Laboratory of Tumor Cell
       Biology, National Cancer Institute,; Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
 SO    J Virol. 1994 Apr;68(4):2693-707. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE
       GENBANK/U03160
 AB    Homologous env sequences from 17 human T-leukemia/lymphotropic virus
       type I (HTLV-I) strains from throughout the world and from 25 simian
       T-leukemia/lymphotropic virus type I (STLV-I) strains from 12 simian
       species in Asia and Africa were analyzed in a phylogenetic context as an
       approach to resolving the natural history of these related retroviruses.
       STLV-I exhibited greater overall sequence variation between strains (1
       to 18% compared with 0 to 9% for HTLV-I), supporting the simian origin
       of the modern viruses in all species. Three HTLV-I phylogenetic clusters
       or clades (cosmopolitan, Zaire, and Melanesia) were resolved with
       phenetic, parsimony, and likelihood analytical procedures. Seven
       phylogenetic clusters of STLV-I were resolved with the most primitive
       (deeply rooted) divergence involving several STLV-I strains from Asian
       primate species. Combined analysis of HTLV-I and STLV-I revealed that
       neither STLV-I clusters nor HTLV-I clusters recapitulated host species
       specificity; rather, multiple clades from the same species were closer
       to clades from other species than to each other. We interpret these
       evolutionary associations as support for the occurrence of multiple
       discrete interspecies transmissions of ancestral viruses between primate
       species (including human) that led to recognizable phylogenetic clades
       that persist in modern species. Geographic concordance of divergent host
       species that harbor closely related viruses reinforces that physical
       feasibility for hypothesized interspecies virus transmission in the past
       and in the present.
 DE    Amino Acid Sequence  Animal  Cercopithecidae  Chimpansee troglodytes
       Cloning, Molecular  Genes, env/*GENETICS  Haplorhini/*MICROBIOLOGY
       Human  HTLV Infections/BLOOD/*TRANSMISSION
       HTLV-I/*CLASSIFICATION/GENETICS  Molecular Sequence Data  Phylogeny
       Polymerase Chain Reaction  Sequence Alignment  Sequence Analysis
       Sequence Homology, Amino Acid  Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid  Species
       Specificity  Support, Non-U.S. Gov't  STLV/*CLASSIFICATION/GENETICS
       JOURNAL ARTICLE

       SOURCE: National Library of Medicine.  NOTICE: This material may be
       protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).

