Microsoft Windows FAQ
Frequently Asked Questions

Copyright
This document is compilation copyright  1990-1994 by Tom
Haapanen.  It may be freely copied and/or distributed in its 
entirety as long as this copyright notice is not removed.  It 
may not be sold for profit or incorporated into commercial 
products without the author's written permission.  [Compilation 
copyright means that you can freely use individual sections of 
this document, but any significant collection of sections is 
subject to the copyright.]

Note:	Revision dates for each section are shown next to the
section names on each index page!  To find updated sections for 
a particular date, click the Search button in WinHelp and enter 
"Updated:" to see the various update dates available.

Credits
Microsoft Windows	94-03-18
Internet and Usenet	94-03-15
Setting Up and Configuring Windows	92-12-22
Windows and DOS
Windows Tips, Tricks and Secrets	93-10-15
Applications	93-12-05
Technical Support Contacts	94-03-15
Microsoft Windows

Windows 1.0
Windows 2.0
Windows/386
Windows 3.0
Windows 3.1	92-09-21
Windows 3.11	94-03-01
Windows for Workgroups 3.1	93-04-22
Windows for Workgroups 3.11	94-03-01
Windows NT 3.1	94-03-01
Win32s for Windows 3.1	94-03-15
Windows 4.0 ("Chicago" and Win32c)	94-03-15
Windows NT 3.5 ("Daytona")	94-03-15
Windows NT 4.0 ("Cairo")	94-03-15
Windows for Pen Computing 3.1
Multimedia Windows
Modular Windows
Win-OS/2
Chicago Q&A	94-03-18
Chicago Q&A

What is Chicago? 	94-03-18
What is Cairo? 	94-03-18
Why does Microsoft have multiple Windows products? 	94-03-18
When will Chicago and Cairo ship? 	94-03-18
What is Daytona? 	94-03-18
How will Chicago make the projected ship date? 	94-03-18
What if Chicago ships before Cairo? 	94-03-18
What are Chicagos key benefits? 	94-03-18
What different Chicago packages will be available? 	94-03-18
What will Chicago be called? 	94-03-18
What will happen to MS-DOS? 	94-03-18
How will Chicago perform on 4 MB? 	94-03-18
Will Chicago run current applications? 	94-03-18
Will I need to get new device drivers? 	94-03-18
Will my current applications work well on Chicago? 	94-03-18
When will Chicagos new UI be ready? 	94-03-18
Will the new user interface mean a lot of retraining? 	94-03-18
What is Plug and Play? 	94-03-18
What hardware changes does Plug and Play require? 	94-03-18
Wont it take a long time for Plug and Play?	94-03-18
Is the Chicago API different from the Windows NT API?	94-03-18
Will vendors need separate Chicago and NT versions?	94-03-18
When will Chicago applications be available?	94-03-18
Is Chicago completely 32-bit?	94-03-18
How do the 16-bit components fit in?	94-03-18
Will existing networking software work with Chicago?	94-03-18
What about Netware with Chicago?	94-03-18
Will there be Chicago server version?	94-03-18
What about Chicagos portability?	94-03-18
What about systems management?	94-03-18
Will there be mobility features?	94-03-18
How will file synchronization work?	94-03-18
Will there be separate NT and Chicago SDKs?	94-03-18
What benefits are there to developers?	94-03-18
Will Visual Basic for Applications be included?	94-03-18
Will Chicago and NT use common device drivers?	94-03-18
Will WOSA services be included?	94-03-18
Internet and Usenet

Usenet	94-03-15
Usenet Windows newsgroups	94-03-15
Alternatives to Usenet	94-03-02
Windows-related mailing lists	94-03-02
Freeware and shareware by ftp
Popular Internet ftp sites	93-03-01
Using archie	92-09-21
Ftp by email
FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions)	93-02-04
More about Internet and Usenet	94-03-15
FTP archives on CD-ROM	92-09-21
Setting Up and Configuring Windows

System Configuration	92-12-22
Selecting a hardware configuration for Windows	94-01-20
System BIOS compatability	93-04-22
Video drivers	92-09-28
Printer drivers	93-06-19
Math coprocessors and WIN87EM.DLL
Multimedia	93-02-25
System resources
Networking	94-01-20
WINSOCK.DLL-based TCP/IP networking	93-11-16
Integrating with Unix e-mail	94-01-24
Serial communications	92-11-09
Disk drives and virtual memory	92-12-30
Troubleshooting	94-02-25
System Configuration

Minimum Windows 3.1 configurations
Minimum Windows 3.0 configurations
Minimum Windows NT pre-release configuration	92-12-22
Standard mode vs. 386 Enhanced mode
Selecting a hardware configuration for Windows

Selecting a CPU/FPU	92-12-22
Selecting the memory size	92-12-22
Selecting a hard disk	92-12-22
Selecting a video adapter	94-01-20
Video drivers

Identifying your video card	92-09-28
Locating a driver
Video card manufacturers
Using 256 (or more) colors in Windows
Panacea Winspeed
CGA drivers	92-09-19
Printer drivers

Eliminating the Ctrl-D in PostScript output	92-10-31
EPS graphics print in portrait even on landscape pages	92-12-30
Hewlett-Packard DeskJet printing problems	92-12-16
PostScript printer uses incorrect fonts	92-08-10
Selecting a PostScript printer driver	92-10-31
Using an Apple Imagewriter or Imagewriter II with
Windows	93-06-19
Multimedia

AdLib cards and .wav files	92-09-14
Using MIDI cards with Windows 3.1	92-12-20
SoundBlaster Pro and Windows 3.1	93-02-25
Using the PC's built-in speaker	92-09-14
Networking

Compatible Networks	93-01-20
Windows for Workgroups	94-01-20
Windows for Workgroups with TCP/IP	94-03-19
Novell's NWPOPUP utility won't initialize	92-12-30
Windows for Workgroups

Accessing Windows for Workgroups drives prior to starting
Windows	92-08-25
Usin NetBIOS from MS-DOS	94-01-20
Sharing a CD-ROM drive with Windows for Workgroups	92-08-20
Windows for Workgroups with TCP/IP

DEC Pathworks with NDIS	94-01-20
FTP TCP/IP: general	93-01-20
FTP TCP/IP: NDIS setup	93-04-30
FTP TCP/IP: generic DOS kernel setup	93-04-30
SunSelect PC-NFS	94-03-19
WinQVT/Net	93-04-25
Wollongong Pathway Access/NFS	92-12-30
Serial communications

Using COM3 and COM4	92-11-09
Using a high-performance 16550 serial port	92-09-15
DOS boxes and 16550 serial ports	92-09-28
SmartDrive and 16550 high-speed transfers	92-09-27
Disk drives and virtual memory

Virtual memory and swapfiles	92-09-19
Maximum swapfile size	92-09-28
Windows 3.x and Stacker	92-11-09
SCSI controllers
SmartDrive double buffering on SCSI drives	92-12-30
Windows 3.x and large hard disks
Troubleshooting

BMP wallpaper won't display correctly
Frequent GPFs (General Protection Faults)
File Manager won't format floppies
Incorrect system version; reinstall the 386 enhanced version of
Windows	93-01-29
Mouse hangs when using communications software
Object Linking and Embedding (OLE 2.0) does not work	93-12-05
Parity errors with Windows 3.1	92-09-19
Performance deterioration in a 386 Enhanced mode DOS session
Problems creating a permanent swapfile in Windows 3.0
Program Manager claims only 8 KB of free memory	92-12-30
Using a slow expansion memory board with Windows	92-11-11
Windows 3.0 refuses to run without a file called WINA20.386
Windows 3.1 hangs or crashes during startup
Windows 3.1 hangs or waits a long time on exit
Windows 3.1 Resource Kit won't install
Windows 3.x waits a long time on startup
Windows for Workgroups 3.11 claims ports are in use	94-02-25
Windows and DOS

Configuring DOS sessions
Troubleshooting DOS applications	94-01-20
DOS shells and extenders
Configuring DOS sessions

DOS in a window
Lotus 1-2-3 in Windows
Reducing the amount of "jerkiness" in DOS window updating
Extended memory in DOS sessions
Changing the font size for a DOS window 
Changing the number of lines inr a DOS window
Mouse in a DOS window
TSRs in DOS sessions
TSRs in DOS sessions

VGA graphics in a windowed DOS session
Troubleshooting DOS applications

Can't run VGA graphics in a window	93-07-15
Corrupted diskettes when copying files in a DOS session
High color and true color modes run out of resources	94-01-20
Out of Environment Space
Protected-mode software
DOS shells and extenders

QEMM/386 and DesqView/386
MKS Toolkit: setting up
MKS Toolkit: maximizing DOS session memory
MKS Toolkit: maximizing DOS session memory

MS-SH
Windows Tips, Tricks and Secrets

General	93-10-15
Program Manager	93-07-15
Windows accessories	93-07-15
Changing default directories	93-04-30
Fonts	93-03-01
Applications	93-12-21
Gang screens ("Easter Eggs")	93-05-10
General

Automatically opening applications on startup, with predefined
window positions	93-04-30
Changing or bypassing the startup logo
Changing the font used for the icon labels
Disabling the network warnings on startup	93-08-15
Limiting the size of the temporary swap file
Making Windows 3.x act like 2.x runtime
Printing PostScript files without a PostScript printer
Search path in Windows
Swapping the Ctrl and CapsLock keys
Minimizing Windows disk space usage	93-10-15
VT100 emulation for Windows	93-07-15
Program Manager

Assigning a hotkey to Program Manager	93-06-15
Changing the font used for the icon labels	92-09-19
Changing the program icon
Changing the title of the Program Manager window	92-09-28
Converting documents to PostScript format	93-03-01
Creating your own icons	92-09-28
Creating your own wallpaper
Previewing PostScript output	93-07-15
Restricting the Program Manager	93-01-02
Saving Program Manager settings without exiting Windows	93-03-01

Starting Windows without activating the applications in the
Startup group
Starting an application in a different directory
Using environment variables	93-06-15
Windows accessories

Cardfile: converting to ASCII text	92-09-27
Clock: Windows 3.1 Clock limitations
Control Panel: accessing control panels directly	93-06-20
Help: changing the default window size	93-03-01
Help: changing the keyword colors	93-07-15
Notepad: F5 and current time
Recorder: recording more than 60 seconds of sound
Terminal: keypad
General: Can't open TEMP.WRI (or similar message)
Changing default directories

Bitmaps	93-04-30
Fonts
Icons
Fonts

Accessing foreign/accented characters	93-03-01
Converting font formats
Converting Macintosh Type 1 (ATM) fonts to Windows
Replacing your System font with a serif font	92-11-05
ZIP code bar code fonts	92-11-11
Applications

Access: printing a database diagram	93-04-30
Ami Pro 3.0: getting a menu of special characters	93-07-15
DayBook: running on Windows 3.1
Excel: Calling DLL routines	92-12-16
Excel: Doing log-log graphs	92-12-16
Excel: Multiple X-Y graphs on shared X-axis	93-04-30
Improv: converting hexadecimal numbers	93-10-17
Norton Desktop: Wider listbox for Scheduler	92-11-15
Norton Desktop: Using smaller fonts for lists	92-11-15
Procomm Plus: Adding fonts	93-11-12
WinQVTNet: Hiding a gateway	92-12-16
Word for Windows: changing bullet paragraph indent	92-12-30
Word for Windows: centering equations	93-04-30
Word for Windows 2.0: converting batches of WP files to
Word	93-11-13
Word for Windows 2.0: custom toolbar icons	93-12-21
Word for Windows: drop caps (large 1st characters of
paragraphs)	93-04-30
Word for Windows: fonts larger than 127 points	92-11-11
Word for Windows: foreign-language dictionaries and
thesauri	92-12-30
Word for Windows: getting rid of the list of last files edited
Word for Windows: inserting today's date	93-04-30
Word for Windows: linking in subdocuments	92-11-02
Word for Windows: numbering equations	92-12-16
Word for Windows: overlining words	92-09-14
Word for Windows: printing even and odd pages	93-03-20
Word for Windows: removing hard returns on downloaded
text	93-01-20
Word for Windows: setting the find file default
directory	92-09-19
Word for Windows: turning echo off in a macro	93-01-20
Word for Windows 2.0: using a watermark	93-12-20
Word for Windows: using date formats from [Intl] section in
WIN.INI	93-12-11
WordPerfect for Windows 1.0: changing the background
color	92-12-16
WordPerfect for Windows 5.2: changing the button bar	92-07-15
WordPerfect for Windows: decrypting a password-protected
file	93-10-11
WordPerfect for Windows 5.2: using smart quotes	92-07-15
WordPerfect for Windows 5.2: using bullets	92-07-15
Gang screens ("Easter Eggs")

Windows 3.0
Windows 3.1
Ami Pro 2.0
Borland (all Windows products)	93-05-10
Corel Draw! 3.0
Excel 3.0
Norton Desktop for Windows 2.0
PageMaker for Windows 4.0	92-12-30
Procomm Plus for Windows 1.0	92-12-05
Word for Windows 1.x
Word for Windows 2.0
Applications

Windows 2.x Applications
Troubleshooting	93-12-05
Available Windows 3.x applications	94-02-22
Troubleshooting

Access: version 1.1 upgrade	93-07-15
AllType: converted TrueType fonts not in same family	92-09-15
Ami Pro 3.0: can't read Word 2.0 or WordPerfect 5.2
files	93-08-12
Ami Pro: mixed landscape/portrait document eats system
resources	93-04-30
Ami Pro: table of contents
Ami Pro 2.0: divide by zero error
Ami Pro 3.0: equation handling problems	93-04-30
Ami Pro 3.0: overlapped screen text
Ami Pro 2.0: printing with incorrect fonts	93-04-30
Ami Pro 3.0: slow printing
Ami Pro 3.0: unable to load Word or WordPerfect files	93-10-12
Corel Draw! 3.0: can't rotate bitmaps	92-12-30
Corel Draw! 4.0: can't install from CD-ROM	93-07-15
Excel 4.0: out of memory loading a workbook	93-12-05
FrameMaker: scrambled dot-matrix output	92-09-14
KA9Q: dropped packets	92-09-14
Norton Desktop for Windows: can't format in the background
Norton Desktop for Windows: crashes from selecting
files	92-12-16
Mathematica 2.0 for Windows: problems with Windows 3.1, other
problems
Mathematica 2.1 for Windows: crashing problems	93-07-15
NCSA Telnet [in DOS session]: crashes in a window	92-12-30
PageMaker 4.0: font selection box won't scroll	92-09-21
PageMaker 4.0: text color changes to almost invisible	92-09-26
PageMaker 4.0: WordPerfect and Word for Windows import
Paradox for Windows: dialog boxes can't be killed	93-04-30
Pathway Access 1.x: terminal font
PC Tools 7.1: restore problems
Procomm Plus for Windows: Pasted text has extra CR/LFs	93-04-25
Procomm Plus for Windows: Zmodem transfer startup
Quattro Pro for Windows 1.0: Accessing drive D:	93-10-11
Quattro Pro for Windows 1.0: Cut and paste to other
applications	93-04-25
Quattro Pro for Windows: High resource requirements	92-12-16
Quattro Pro for Windows: Numeric format alignment	93-04-25
Quattro Pro for Windows: OLE and DDE problems	92-12-21
Quattro Pro for Windows: Saving over foreign formats	92-12-30
Quicken for Windows: conflicts with communications software
Ventura Publisher 3.0: divide by zero errors	92-09-19
WinFax Pro 2.0	92-09-19
Word for Windows: accessing fonts
Word for Windows 2.0: can't install additional components
Word for Windows 2.0: can't print envelopes	93-08-06
Word for Windows 2.0: equation editor fonts
Word for Windows 2.0: equations have too much white
space	92-09-27
Word for Windows 2.0: file too big to save	92-11-09
Word for Windows 2.0: headers and graphics
Word for Windows 2.0: mixed landscape/portrait document eats
system resources	93-04-30
Word for Windows 2.0b: printing from Print Preview
WordPerfect for Windows: mixed landscape/portrait document eats
resources	93-04-30
WordPerfect for Windows 1.0: floppy access
WordPerfect for Windows 1.0: button bar won't display
WordPerfect for Windows 1.0: crashes with 256-color display
driver	92-09-21
WordPerfect for Windows 5.2: incorrect table of contents	93-04-30

WordPerfect for Windows 1.0: mixing landscape and portrait pages

WordPerfect for Windows 1.0: printing with TrueType
Available Windows 3.x applications

Mainstream productivity applications	94-02-22
Information management	94-02-22
Graphics and illustration	94-02-12
Personal information and finance management	94-02-12
Communications and networking	94-02-15
Fonts	93-01-02
Utilities and fonts	93-04-12
Technical and engineering	94-02-12
Home, entertainment and multimedia	94-02-12
Mainstream productivity applications

Desktop publishing	93-07-15
Integrated sofware	92-10-03
Spreadsheets	93-09-30
Word processing	94-02-22
Word processing utilities	93-10-17
Information management

Databases, non-programmable	93-09-20
Databases, programmable	94-02-22
Form processing and management	93-09-20
Project management	93-09-20
Graphics and illustration

Databases, image
Charting (flow and organizational)	93-01-02
Drawing and illustration	93-01-02
Graphics conversion	93-04-12
Image viewers	94-02-12
Painting and image editing	94-02-12
Presentation and business graphics	93-04-12
Technical and Scientific Plotting	94-02-12
Personal information and finance management

Financial Management
Personal Information Managers 	94-02-12
Communications and networking

Networking and groupware	94-02-15
Communications and terminal emulation	94-03-15
Networking and groupware

Groupware	92-09-20
Internet news and mail readers/utilities	94-02-15
Internet access utilities	94-02-12
TCP/IP Networking	92-12-01
X Window servers	93-08-06
Communications and terminal emulation

Communications (ASCII)
Communications (IBM mainframe)	92-12-01
Facsimile	94-03-15
Remote Access	92-12-01
Fonts

Font packages	93-01-02
Font managers	92-12-01
Font utilities	93-01-02
Utilities and fonts

Disk and file utilities	93-04-12
Program launchers and desktops	94-02-22
Other utilities	94-02-15
Disk and file utilities

Archiving utilies	93-04-12
Backup software	93-04-12
Program launchers and desktops

Program Manager type	92-11-30
File Manager type	94-02-15
Integrated desktops	94-02-22
Icon docks/tool bars	93-10-17
Commandline utilities	94-02-22
Other program launchers	93-08-13
Other utilities

Benchmarking utilities	92-04-10
Clock utilities	93-04-12
Desktop enhancers	92-11-30
Miscellaneous	94-02-15
Task schedulers	93-04-12
Task managers	93-07-15
Technical and engineering

CAD software	93-03-31
Engineering	93-03-31
Mathematical	93-04-30
Simulation and modeling	94-01-12
Statistics	94-02-12
Home, entertainment and multimedia

Multimedia	94-02-12
Entertainment	94-02-12
Home	93-10-17
Multimedia

CD audio players	94-02-12
Multimedia authoring	93-01-02
Multimedia playback	93-05-10
Sound editors	93-09-15
Video Editors	93-01-02
Entertainment

Games and entertainment	94-02-12
Home

Cooking	93-10-17
Fitness and Sports	93-09-15
Technical Support Contacts

Microsoft	94-03-15
Wolfram Research	93-07-15
WordPerfect	93-07-15
Microsoft

Telephone	93-03-01
Internet	93-08-05
Compuserve	94-03-15
Microsoft Download Service	93-07-15
Wolfram Research

Internet	93-07-15
WordPerfect

Telephone	93-07-15
Bulletin Board Service	93-07-15

Credits
The author may be contacted by the following means:

Internet:	tomh@ metrics.com
UUCP:	uunet!metrics.com!tomh
BITNET:	tomh@ metrics.com
CompuServe:	>INTERNET: tomh@metrics.com

Mail:	Tom Haapanen
	Software Metrics Inc.
	22 King St. S., suite 303
	Waterloo, Ont.
	N2J 1N8, Canada


The Word for Windows to Windows Help conversion utility, Dr.
Help,  used for creating and maintaining this document, was 
created by Roger Hadgraft, senior lecturer in Civil Engineering 
at Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.  It can be 
used for converting most Word files into WinHelp files.  Roger 
may be contacted as:

Internet:	roger.hadgraft@eng.monash.edu.au 
UUCP:	uunet!eng.monash.edu.au!roger.hadgraft
CompuServe:	>INTERNET: roger.hadgraft@eng.monash.edu.au 


I would also like to express my gratitude to the countless
people who have contributed information to the Windows FAQs, 
through Usenet news, email and personal conversations.  You know 
who you are: I'm grateful for your help, as this FAQ would not 
be what it is without your help.

Latest versions of this FAQ are available by anonymous ftp on
ftp.metrics.com (198.133.164.1) in the directory ~/faq. 
Microsoft Windows

Windows 1.0
Microsoft first began development of the Interface Manager
(subsequently renamed Microsoft Windows) in September 1981.  
Although the first prototypes used Multiplan and Word-like menus 
at the bottom of the screen, the interface was changed in 1982 
to use pull-down menus and dialogs, as used on the Xerox Star.  



Microsoft finally announced Windows in November 1983, with
pressure from just-released VisiOn and impending TopView.  This 
was after the release of the Apple Lisa (but prior to the 
Macintosh), and before Digital Research announced GEM, another 
competing graphical environment.  Windows promised an 
easy-to-use graphical interface, device-independent graphics and 
multitasking support.  The development was delayed several 
times, however, and the first version hit the store shelves 
(after 55 programmer-years of development!) in November 1985.  
The selection of applications was sparse, however, and Windows 
sales were modest,

The following were the major features of Windows 1.0:
	Graphical user interface with drop-down menus, tiled windows
and mouse support
	Device-independent screen and printer graphics
	Co-operative multitasking of Windows applications
Windows 2.0
Windows 2.0, introduced in the fall of 1987, provided
significant useability improvements to Windows.  With the 
addition of icons and overlapping windows, Windows became a 
viable environment for development of major applications (such 
as Excel, Word for Windows, Corel Draw!, Ami, PageMaker and 
Micrografx Designer), and the sales were spurred by the runtime 
(Single Application Environment) versions supplied by the 
independent software vendors.  When Windows/386 (see next 
section) was released, Microsoft renamed Windows to Windows/286 
for consistency.

The following are the major changes from earlier versions of
Windows:
	Overlapping windows
	PIF files for DOS applications
Windows/386
In late 1987 Microsoft released Windows/386.  While it was
functionally equivalent to its sibling, Windows/286, in running 
Windows applications, it provided the capability to run multiple 
DOS applications simultaneously in the extended memory.

The following are the major changes from earlier versions of
Windows:
	Multiple DOS virtual machines with pre-emptive multitasking
Windows 3.0
Microsoft Windows 3.0, released in May, 1990, was a complete
overhaul of the Windows environment.  With the capability to 
address memory beyond 640K and a much more powerful user 
interface, independent software vendors started developing 
Windows applications with vigor.  The powerful new applications 
helped Microsoft sell more than 10 million copies of Windows, 
making it the best-selling graphical user interface in the 
history of computing.

The following are the major changes from earlier versions of
Windows:
	Standard (286) mode, with large memory support
	386 Enhanced mode, with large memory and multiple pre-emptive
DOS session support
	No runtime versions available
	Program Manager and File Manager added
	Network support
	Support for more than 16 colors
	API support for combo boxes, hierarchical menus and private
.ini files
Windows 3.1	92-09-21
Microsoft Windows 3.1, released in April, 1992 provides
significant improvements to Windows 3.0.  In its first two 
months on the market, it sold over 3 million copies, including 
upgrades from Windows 3.0.  It is currently continuing to sell 
at a rate of over 1 million copies per month.

The following are the major changes from Windows 3.0:
	No Real (8086) mode support
	TrueType scalable font support
	Multimedia capability
	Object Linking and Embedding (OLE)
	Application reboot capability
	"Mouse Trails" for easier mouse use with LCD display devices
	Better inter-application protection and better error
diagnostics
	API multimedia and networking support
	Source-level API compatability with Windows NT
Windows 3.11	94-03-01
Windows 3.11, available now, adds no new features but corrects
some existing, mostly network-related problems.  It is 
replacing Windows 3.1 at the retail and OEM levels, and the 
upgrade is available free from ftp.microsoft.com.
Windows for Workgroups 3.1	93-04-22
The Windows for Workgroups package, released in November, 1992, 
is the first integrated Windows and networking package offered 
by Microsoft.  It provides peer-to-peer file and printer sharing 
capabilities (on a level comparable to LANtastic or Netware 
Lite) highly integrated into the Windows environment.  The 
simple-to-use-and-install networking allows the user to specify 
which files on the user's machine should be made accessible to 
others.  The files can then be accessed from other machines 
running either Windows or DOS.  

Windows for Workgroups also includes two additional 
applications: Microsoft Mail, a network mail package, and 
Schedule+, a workgroup scheduler.
Windows for Workgroups 3.11	94-03-01
Windows for Workgroups 3.11, available now, adds 32-bit file
access, fax capabilites and higher performance to Windows for 
Workgroups 3.1.
Windows NT 3.1	94-03-01
Microsoft Windows NT is Microsoft's platform of choice for
high-end systems.  It is intended for use in network servers, 
workstations and software development machines; it will not 
replace Windows for DOS.  While Windows NT's user interface is 
very similar to that of Windows 3.1, it is based on an entirely 
new operating system kernel.

The following are the major changes from Windows 3.1:
	Based on a new microkernel design
	Portable architecture for Intel x86/Pentium, MIPS R4000/R4400
and DEC Alpha processors.  Support for PowerPC and SPARC 
architectures is under development.
	32-bit addressing for access to up to 4 GB of memory
	Fully protected applications with virtualized hardware access
	Installable APIs for Win32, Win16, MS-DOS, POSIX and OS/2
	Installable file systems, including FAT, HPFS and NTFS
	Built-in networking (LAN Manager and TCP/IP) with remote
procedure calls (RPCs)
	Symmetric multiprocessor support
	Security designed in from start, to be initially C2 certified,
with a B-level kernel design
	API support for asynchronous message queues, advanced
interprocess communication, registration databases, Bezier 
curves and graphics transformations.

The following is the minimum platform for use with the client
edition of Windows NT:
	33 MHz 386 processor
	12 MB memory
	100 MB hard disk
	VGA graphics
The Advanced Server Edition requires 16 MB of memory.

Win32 in itself is not a version of Windows, but the name of
application programming interface for Windows NT and Chicago.
Win32s for Windows 3.1	94-03-15
Win32s is a set of libraries for Windows 3.1, which enable users
to run most Windows NT 32-bit applications on Windows 3.1, 
without the extensive hardware requirements of Windows NT.  The 
Win32s interface has effectively replaced the older Windows-32 
programming interface used by 32-bit Windows applications such 
as previous versions of Mathematica.
Windows 4.0 ("Chicago" and Win32c)	94-03-15
This unannounced product is rumored to be released in late 1994.
It will be a 32-bit system providing full pre-emptive 
multitasking, advanced filesystems, threading, networking and 
more.  It will include MS-DOS 7.0, but will take over from DOS 
completely after starting.  It will not include Windows NT's 
security, multiprocessor support, server capabilities or 
multiple API modules.  It will include a completely revised user 
interface, along the lines of "Cairo", but not taken as far as 
that product.

See the section entitled Chicago Q&A for more information about
Chicago.
Windows NT 3.5 ("Daytona")	94-03-15
"Daytona" is Microsoft's codename for an upcoming release of
Windows NT, which will provide OLE 2.0, improved performance 
and reduced memory requirements.  Availability is expected in 
mid-1994
Windows NT 4.0 ("Cairo")	94-03-15
"Cairo" is Microsoft's project for object-oriented Windows, and
a successor to the Daytona release of Windows NT.  Firm details 
are not available, but most rumors place expected availability 
sometime in 1995.  Developers are encouraged to work with OLE 
2.0 in order to start moving in the correct direction towards 
future "Cairo" compatability.
Windows for Pen Computing 3.1
Microsoft developed Windows for Pen Computing for use on
pen-based systems.  In most aspects, it is basically equivalent 
to Windows 3.1 with extensions for pen support.  These 
extensions include the use of a pen as a pointing device as well 
as handwriting recognition and conversion.  Pen Windows first 
shipped in April, 1992.
Multimedia Windows
The term Multimedia Windows describes a package with Windows 3.0
and the Multimedia Extensions.  These extensions are included 
in Windows 3.1, and thus Multimedia Windows is no longer sold as 
a separate product.
Modular Windows
Modular Windows is the operating system for Tandy Corp.'s Video
Information System (VIS) multimedia player.  It is essentially 
similar to Windows' core, but without any desktop accessories, 
TrueType fonts or a number of other features.
Win-OS/2
Win-OS/2 is the Windows component of IBM's OS/2 2.0.  It is
based partially on Windows 3.0 and partially on 3.1.  While it 
runs a majority of the commercial Windows applications, it is 
not covered by this document.
Chicago Q&A
The following questions and answers are from a document
distributed by Microsoft in December, 1993.

Microsoft is continually enhancing its Windows operating system
product line to deliver easy  to use yet powerful products that 
exploit the latest advances in microcomputer hardware  
technology.  There is a great deal of interest in and 
speculation about the Chicago project,  the technology 
development effort which will deliver the next major release of 
Windows for  the mainstream desktop and portable PC.  The 
purpose of this document is to answer the  most common questions 
that customers have voiced about Chicago. 

What is Chicago? 	94-03-18
What is Chicago and how does it compare to the Microsoft*
Windows* 3.1, Windows*  for Workgroups and Windows NT* 
operating systems?  

Microsoft has a family of operating system products designed to
fully utilize the range of PC  hardware available in the market 
today, while providing a consistent user interface for end  
users and a programming environment for developers.  Windows 3.x 
and Windows for  Workgroups 3.x on MS-DOS* are designed for 
mainstream portable and desktop PC  platforms.  Windows NT is 
designed for the high-end business and technical workstation  
platforms and Windows NT Advanced Server is designed as a server 
platform.  

Chicago is the code name for a development project that will
produce the successor to  Windows 3.x and Windows for 
Workgroups 3.x.  The Chicago project encompasses a  variety of 
important new technologies that will make personal computers 
running Windows  easy to use, and that will provide a more 
powerful multitasking system and a great platform  for 
communications.  Decisions about how those technologies will be 
packaged will be made  later in the development cycle and will 
be based on customer and business needs.

What is Cairo? 	94-03-18
What is Cairo?  How does Chicago compare to Cairo?

Cairo is the code name for a development project that will
produce the successor to Windows  NT.  Chicago and Cairo will 
produce complementary products that will continue to provide a  
consistent user interface and programming environment across the 
entire range of PC hardware  platforms. 

Why does Microsoft have multiple Windows products? 	94-03-18
 Why does Microsoft have multiple Windows operating system
products?  Wouldnt it be  simpler to just have one product?  
Does that mean ISVs have to decide between different  operating 
system products when writing applications?  

There are two distinct design points for operating systems
platforms.  One is centered on the  mainstream system, and the 
other is centered on the high-end system.  It is not possible to 
have one operating system implementation that fully exploits 
the broad range of hardware  available today.  At the low end 
(currently represented by products such as the HP Omnibook  and 
entry-level desktop machines), the primary design goal is to 
keep the operating system  small and fast and to keep usage of 
machine resources to a minimum.  At the high end (for  example, 
a dual-processor technical workstation), the product would need 
to fully support  multiprocessing and advanced 3-D graphics as 
well as be capable of running technical  applications that use 
maximum machine and system resources.     

Over time, low-end machines will become more powerful, and over
time, some of todays  high-end features will migrate to the low 
end.  In addition, some technical innovations will  appear on 
the mainstream Windows system first, largely because of the 
timing of product  releases, and because some features are focused 
on end users and ease of use.  The Win32  API assures developers 
that, whichever system they target today, their applications 
will be  able to run in the future as the platform evolves.   

Thus, while Chicago and Cairo may  leapfrog one another with
some features, depending on release cycles  e.g., Chicago will  
sport the next major advance in the user interface, with Cairo 
inheriting it in its release a few  months later  the general 
principle over time is that the high-end product will be a  
superset of the functionality offered in the mainstream product. 
Any deviations from this  principle are temporary, due to 
variations in the product release schedules.  For ISVs and for 
development purposes, however, Microsoft has just one Windows 
platform,  defined by the Windows-based 32-bit API, Win32.  By 
following a few simple guidelines,  ISVs can write a single 
application (executable) that runs on the Windows operating 
system  product family.  If they wish, ISVs can target specific 
operating system products because  the functionality they 
provide is important to their particular application, but that 
is not a  requirement.    This situation is very much like the 
Intel microprocessor product line.  At any point in time,  the 
Intel product line offers multiple products targeted toward 
different PC products, ranging  from the 80386SL for low-end 
portable products to the Pentium microprocessor for high-end  
workstations and application servers.  What defines those 
products is the Intel instruction set,  which enables 
applications to run on all Intel chips, even though the 
underlying implementation  at the transistor level may be very 
different across the Intel product line.  There are also some  
instructions offered on the Pentium chip that are not on the 
80386SL, but ISVs would have to  go out of their way to make 
their products run on only Pentium.  And over time, Pentium will 
become more mainstream, just as the 80486 has become the 
mainstream microprocessor  today, and technologies developed at 
the low end, such as System Management Mode, will be  
implemented on the high end as well.
When will Chicago and Cairo ship? 	94-03-18
When will Chicago ship?  When will Cairo ship?  

Chicago is scheduled to ship in the second half of 1994.  Cairo
is scheduled to be released  in the first half of 1995. 

What is Daytona? 	94-03-18
What is Daytona?  When will it ship?

Daytona is an interim release of Windows NT that is scheduled to
ship this spring.
How will Chicago make the projected ship date? 	94-03-18
Major new releases of operating system products have in the past
been significantly delayed.   How will you make your projected 
shipment date for Chicago?  

Chicago will be released when customers tell us it is ready. 
The way to make shipment  dates is to hit your intermediate 
milestones.  To date, Chicago has been making its  milestones 
with the release of the first Preliminary Developers Kit (PDK) 
in August and the  second PDK in December.  Feedback from beta 
releases beginning in March will tell us more  precisely when in 
the second half of 1994 Chicago will ship.
What if Chicago ships before Cairo? 	94-03-18
If Chicago ships before Cairo, how will users of Windows NT
obtain the new functionality in  Chicago?  

Any new functionality offered in Chicago will be made available
to customers of Windows  NT through the release of the Cairo 
product. 
What are Chicagos key benefits? 	94-03-18
What are the key benefits and features of Chicago?  What
features will Chicago not have?

  For customers, Chicago will present a major step forward in
functionality on mainstream desktop  platforms by providing a 
system that is easy to use, offers responsive multitasking 
performance,  and provides a great platform for communications.  
Ease of use will be delivered through the  Plug and Play 
architecture and an improved, intuitive user interface.  Chicago 
will be a complete,  integrated protect-mode operating system 
that does not require or use a separate version of MS- DOS, 
implements the Win32* API, and provides pre-emptive multitasking 
and multiple threads  of execution for 32-bit applications.  The 
communications capabilities of Windows will be  enhanced with 
integrated, high-performance networking, built-in messaging, and 
features such  as Remote Network Access and File Synchronization 
designed for mobile and remote computer  users.  Chicago will 
also be a hassle-free upgrade for the current installed base of 
Windows-based users.   Chicago will be compatible with most 
current applications and drivers for MS-DOS and Windows,  and 
will provide an easy transition to the new user interface 
features.  The applications  performance of Chicago will meet or 
exceed the performance of Windows 3.1 on 80386  systems with 4MB 
of RAM running the same applications.  For systems with more 
memory,  performance will be significantly improved over Windows 
3.1.  The setup program will enable  customers to uninstall 
Chicago, assuring customers a way to remove it if they are in 
any way  unhappy with it, and will provide tools for system 
administrators to customize the configuration  of Chicago.  
Chicago will not be processor independent, nor will it support 
symmetric multiprocessing  systems, provide C2-level security, 
or provide full Unicode support.  These features cannot be  
delivered on the mainstream platform in the near future while 
still meeting the performance and  resource targets necessary to 
create a compelling upgrade for the huge installed base of users 
of the Windows operating system.  If these features are 
important to a customer, Windows NT  is the product to deploy. 

What different Chicago packages will be available? 	94-03-18
What different packages will you have for Chicago?  

Decisions about packaging the different technologies being
developed as part of the Chicago  project will be made later in 
the development cycle and will be based on customer and  
business needs.  One option is to provide a base Chicago package 
with some add-on  packages that deliver functionality required 
by specific market segments.  This is much like  the situation 
today in which the user of Windows 3.1 can upgrade to Windows 
for  Workgroups by acquiring the add-on package that adds the 
32-bit file system and 32-bit  networking enhancements to 
Windows.
What will Chicago be called? 	94-03-18
Since the term Chicago is a code name, what will you call the
product(s) that you will  eventually release?

Decisions about names will be made after we decide on a
packaging plan.
What will happen to MS-DOS? 	94-03-18
What will happen to the MS-DOS product line?  

Microsoft will continue to enhance MS-DOS as long as customers
require it.  Future versions  will be derived from the 
protected-mode technology developed in the Chicago project.   
Current  MS-DOSbased applications and drivers will continue to 
be compatible with new versions of  MS-DOS. 

How will Chicago perform on 4 MB? 	94-03-18
Your performance goals on 4MB platforms sound very ambitious,
considering all the  functionality youre adding to Chicago.  
How will you achieve those goals?

Chicago will implement new working set management technologies
that will optimize the use  of memory on low-configuration 
systems.  The networking, disk and paging caches will be  fully 
integrated.  Protect-mode device drivers will be dynamically 
loadable, to ensure that  only the drivers that are immediately 
needed are consuming memory.  More components of  the base 
operating system will be pageable.  Great attention will be paid 
to effective page  tuning, including hand-tuning source code.
Will Chicago run current applications? 	94-03-18
Will Chicago run my current Windows-based applications?  How
about MS-DOSbased  applications?

Chicago will run most of the current applications for Windows
and MS-DOS, as well as new  applications written to the Win32 
API.  Some classes of applications will need to be revised  to 
be compatible with Chicago, such as shell-replacement utilities 
and file-management  utilities.  Chicagos new shell provides a 
complete set of services that is tightly integrated  with the operating system components.  Shell programs will need to do more 
than simply  replace components such as Program Manager or File 
Manager.  And file-management utility  vendors will want to 
revise their applications to take advantage of the Long File 
Name  feature that Chicago offers.  Microsoft is working closely 
with shell-replacement and file- utility vendors to enable them 
to revise their products to add value to and be compatible  with 
Chicago. 

Will I need to get new device drivers? 	94-03-18
Will I have to get new device drivers to use my current devices
with Chicago?

Chicago supports current real-mode device drivers as well as new
32-bit protected mode  device drivers.  As a result, customers 
will be able to use their current devices either with  their 
current device drivers, or with new device drivers made 
available with Chicago.   Performance and functionality can be 
improved if the user installs the new Chicago drivers.   
Microsoft is making it easier for device manufacturers to 
deliver new drivers for common  devices by defining a more 
layered, modular device driver architecture.  For displays, 
printers  and modems, Microsoft will deliver universal drivers.  
These drivers will implement common  device functionality and 
expose an interface for device manufacturers to create 
minidrivers  that implement the features specific to their 
devices.  This approach was very successful  with printers for 
Windows 3.1, resulting in rapid availability of fast, 
high-quality drivers for a  wide range of printers.
Will my current applications work well on Chicago? 	94-03-18
Will my current applications perform as well on Chicago as they
do on Windows 3.1 today?  

For Chicago to be a compelling upgrade, Windows-based users must
experience a level of  performance after installing Chicago 
that meets or exceeds the performance they currently  experience 
running an identical set of tasks on Windows 3.1.  Because a 
large portion of the  installed base of users of Windows today 
have 4MB systems, Chicago must meet its  performance goals on 
4MB systems.  On systems with more than 4MB of RAM, Chicago will 
offer significantly improved performance.  Understand, however, 
that there are user and application scenarios today that already 
use  more than 4MB.  Users who already require more than 4MB 
will continue to require more  than 4MB with Chicago  and if 
they are using more than 4MB, they should see improved  
performance.  But they wont get away with using less memory in 
the future than they do  today.  Its an important distinction to 
maintain. 

When will Chicagos new UI be ready? 	94-03-18
You say Chicago will have a different user interface than
Windows and Windows NT.  When  will that user interface be 
reflected in the beta versions of Chicago?

The new user interface will be delivered with the first beta of
Chicago, scheduled for March  1994.
Will the new user interface mean a lot of retraining? 	94-03-18
Wont a new user interface mean a lot of retraining for current
Windows-based users?  Will  the advantages of the new user 
interface be worth the retraining costs?

The user interface being developed for Chicago will offer
dramatic gains in ease of learning  and ease of use for the 
broad range of people using PCs today.  Instead of mastering  
different kinds of tools to work with different resources on 
their computers, users of  Chicago will be able to browse for 
and access all resources in a consistent fashion with a  single 
tool.  This will be much easier than learning separate 
applications such as Program  Manager, File Manager, Print 
Manager, Control Panel, etc. as users of Windows must do  today. 
A system toolbar that is always accessible will make it much 
easier to start and  switch between full-screen tasks.  The 
implementation of OLE 2.0, with its focus on the  users document 
rather than on the tool used to create it, and the direct 
manipulation of  data through drag and drop in the user 
interface, will make working with documents easier  and more 
intuitive. 

Current users of Windows will be immediately productive with 
Chicago and be able to learn  the new features of the user 
interface as they work.  Chicagos smart setup technology will  
use the current system settings to present an initial 
configuration that is familiar for the  current Windows-based 
user.  And for corporate customers and individuals who may not  
want to make any user interface changes initially, Chicago will 
enable them to continue  running their current Program Manager 
and File Manager configurations.
What is Plug and Play? 	94-03-18
What is Plug and Play?  What benefits does Plug and Play
provide?

Plug and Play is a technology jointly developed by PC product
vendors that will dramatically  improve the integration of PC 
hardware and software.  It allows a PC to adapt itself  
dynamically to its environment; devices can be plugged into or 
unplugged from a machine,  without the user having to do 
anything special  the machine just works.  Plug and Play is  a 
general framework that advances that state of the PC 
architecture by defining how the  software communicates with any 
device connected to the PC.   Plug and Play technology enables 
installation and configuration of add-on devices without  user 
intervention.  Plug and Play will make it possible for a 
consumer to turn a standard  desktop system into a great 
multimedia machine by just plugging in a Plug and Play sound  
card and CD-ROM, turning on the system, and playing a  video 
clip.  Plug and Play can enable new system designs that can be 
dynamically reconfigured.  For  example, imagine a docking 
station that enables you to remove the portable system while it  
is still running so that you can take it to a meeting, and the 
system automatically  reconfigures to work with a 
lower-resolution display and adjusts for the absence of the  
network card and large disk drive.  Or imagine an IR-enabled 
subnotebook that automatically  recognizes, installs and 
configures an IR-enabled printer when you walk into the room, so 
your applications are ready to print to that printer.  Plug and 
Play can also save development and support costs for the product 
manufacturer.   Today, as many as 50 percent of support calls 
received by operating system and device  manufacturers are 
related to installation and configuration of devices.  With Plug 
and Play,  device driver development is simplified because 
device manufacturers can write one driver  that works across 
multiple bus types using the Universal Driver Model specified by 
the Plug  and Play architecture.  Today, device manufacturers 
have to include bus-specific code in  each of their drivers.  
With Plug and Play, specific bus configuration data is contained 
in  bus drivers.  Also, operating system preinstallation and 
configuration are simplified for  OEMs because Plug and Play 
devices will automatically install and configure during setup. 

What hardware changes does Plug and Play require? 	94-03-18
What changes to current hardware and software are required to
make Plug and Play a  reality?  How will vendors figure out how 
to develop new devices with Plug and Play  capability?

First, Plug and Play is compatible with existing systems, so
nothing breaks because of  Plug and Play.  Plug and Play 
devices can be brought out over time  in fact, this is already  
occurring  and will work with existing systems.    To deliver 
all of the above benefits requires changes to devices and 
drivers, the BIOS, and  the operating system.  Three fundamental 
capabilities are required for a system to provide  Plug and Play 
functionality:

	A unique identifier for every device on the system
	A procedure for the BIOS and operating system to install and
configure that device
	A mechanism for the system and applications to recognize that a
configuration  change has occurred while the system is running  


All the changes to devices and drivers, the BIOS and the
operating system are defined by a  series of specifications for 
Plug and Play architecture.  The Plug and Play architecture is 
an  open, flexible and cost-effective framework for designing 
Plug and Play products.  The Plug and Play architecture was 
jointly developed by a working group of leading vendors,  who 
reviewed design proposals with hundreds of companies in the 
industry at conferences  and through online forums.  Plug and 
Play can be implemented by any operating system  vendor and any 
hardware manufacturer.  In addition to Microsoft, IBM has 
announced  support for Plug and Play in OS/2.  The Plug and Play 
architecture is flexible, because it provides a framework that 
works on  multiple types of bus architectures (ISA, SCSI, 
PCMCIA, VL, PCI, etc.), and it is extensible  to future bus 
designs.  The Plug and Play architecture is also cost-effective, 
because it requires little or no  incremental cost for vendors 
to implement in their products.
Wont it take a long time for Plug and Play?	94-03-18
Wont it take a long time for these changes to be reflected in
products?  Acceptance of the Plug and Play architecture is 
widespread, as seen by the rapid progress  the industry is 
making in delivering Plug and Play specifications and products.  
Specifications have already been released for ISA, SCSI and 
PCMCIA devices, and the Plug and  Play BIOS.  Additional 
specifications are in process, including PCI, ECP, VL, EISA, 
Micro  Channel, and Access.  The first Plug and Play devices 
were demonstrated at COMDEX/Fall  1993, representing a wide 
range of companies and products.  Intel has released development 
kits that enable device and system vendors to deliver improved 
configuration capabilities for ISA  and PCI systems running with 
Windows 3.1 in a manner that will provide compatibility with  
future Windows operating systems.  Fully Plug and Play-capable 
systems (including all Plug and  Play devices and a Plug and 
Play BIOS) will be available in the first half of 1994.  These  
systems will be able to offer complete Plug and Play 
functionality when combined with Chicago. 
Is the Chicago API different from the Windows NT API?	94-03-18
Ive heard that Chicago implements a 32-bit API.  Is that API
different from the 32-bit API  implemented on Windows NT?

There is only one 32-bit Windows API, called Win32, with ISVs
able to use the API set to  provide different levels of 
functionality for Windows 3.1, Chicago and Windows NT.   Chicago 
implements a large subset of the functionality of the Win32 API 
offered on  Windows NT, and extends the Win32 API in some areas. 
These extensions will be delivered  on Windows NT as soon as 
possible after the release of Chicago.
Will vendors need separate Chicago and NT versions?	94-03-18
If there are different implementations of the Win32 API
available on different products in the  Microsoft operating 
system product line, does that mean ISVs will have to have 
separate  versions of their applications for Windows and Windows 
NT?

No.  By following some simple guidelines, ISVs can develop a
single executable file that runs  on Windows 3.x, Chicago and 
Windows NT.  At the recent Professional Developers  Conference, 
we provided in-depth technical sessions on the proper way to 
design  applications to do so, supplied tools in the SDK to help 
make such development easier, and  showed several applications 
that ran across the entire Windows family.
When will Chicago applications be available?	94-03-18
When will applications be available that exploit Chicago?  Wont
that take a long time?  

ISVs who are developing 32-bit applications for Windows 3.1 and
Windows NT using the  Win32 API and the guidelines we have 
provided will have applications that are able to run on  Chicago 
immediately.  There are already more than 250 Win32 applications 
available today,  and more coming quickly.  Other ISVs will wait 
until Chicago ships to provide their 32-bit  applications; 
usually those applications start coming on-line about 90 days 
after the  operating system ships.  Chicago also will support 
todays 16-bit applications, so users can  move to Chicago 
immediately and upgrade their applications as they become 
available.  Chicago represents a major market opportunity for 
ISVs.  Chicago will ship on almost all OEM  systems soon after 
it is released, and it will be acquired as an upgrade by a 
substantial portion  of the Windows installed base (the 
installed base will probably number more than 50 million by  
mid-1995).  Customers who purchase new systems and upgrade their 
operating systems are  the most active purchasers of new 
software applications.  As a result, ISVs have a very  
significant business incentive to release versions of their 
applications that exploit Chicago.
Is Chicago completely 32-bit?	94-03-18
Ive heard Chicago described as a 32-bit operating system, yet
Ive also heard that portions of  Chicago are implemented with 
16-bit code.  Are both these statements correct?

Chicago will provide a 32-bit platform for applications by
implementing the Win32 API on a  complete, protect-mode 
operating system.  Chicago will also run well on mainstream  
Windows platforms (which for a large portion of the Windows 
installed base is a 4MB  80386 system), and Chicago will be 
compatible with applications and drivers for MS-DOS  and 
Windows.  These requirements must be met if Chicago is to meet 
customer needs and  provide the volume to make ISVs successful. 



These requirements have driven all the design decisions for
Chicago.  The resulting design  deploys 32-bit code wherever it 
improves performance without sacrificing application  
compatibility.  The design retains existing 16-bit code where it 
is required to maintain  compatibility or where size is a 
critical issue but has minimal impact on performance.  All of 
the  I/O subsystems and device drivers in Chicago, such as 
networking and file systems, are fully  32-bit as are all the 
memory management and scheduling components (the kernel and 
virtual  memory manager).  Many functions provided by the 
Graphics Device Interface (GDI) have been  moved to 32-bit code, 
including the spooler and printing subsystem, the rasterizer, 
and the  drawing operations performed by the graphics DIBengine. 
Much of the window management  code (user) remains 16-bit to 
retain application compatibility.
How do the 16-bit components fit in?	94-03-18
If portions of Chicago still remain 16-bit, what happens when a
32-bit application makes a  function call that is implemented 
by the 16-bit Chicago component?  Doesnt this slow down  32-bit 
applications on Chicago relative to 16-bit applications?

When Win32-based applications call a 32-bit API that is
implemented by a 16-bit component  of the system, the function 
call is translated to its 16-bit equivalent for processing by 
the  system.  This translation process is referred to as  
thunking.  Although there is some  overhead associated with a 
thunking operation, the Chicago thunk layer is very efficient.   
That overhead will be more than offset by the improved 
efficiency of the linear memory  addressing scheme used by 
Win32-based applications.  The overall impact of some  thunking 
code is quite modest vs. all the other work the application and 
operating system  have to do.    For end users, perceptions of 
application performance are based on a combination of the  
efficiency of the application when executing its own code and 
the efficiency of the operating  system code when the 
application has called an operating system service.  On Chicago  
systems with adequate memory, end users will experience gains in 
system efficiency when  running 16-bit applications, and they 
will experience gains in both system and application  efficiency 
when running 32-bit applications.
Will existing networking software work with Chicago?	94-03-18
Will I need new networking software to connect Chicago to my
network server?

Customers will require Chicago to connect to their network
servers when Chicago is  installed, and to offer 
high-performance, reliable networking functionality.  To meet 
this  requirement, Chicago will continue to run existing 
real-mode networking components.   However, we expect customers 
to want to upgrade to the new 32-bit networking  components 
provided by Chicago.  Chicago will enhance the open, flexible, 
high- performance 32-bit networking architecture offered today 
with Windows for Workgroups  3.11 that enables customers to mix 
and match networking components.  Chicago will  support NDIS 
2.0, NDIS 3.0 and ODI drivers, and will provide 32-bit NetBEUI, 
IPX/SPX and  TCP/IP protocols.  Redirectors for SMB and 
NCP-based networks will be included.  In  addition, Chicagos new 
multiple-provider interface will make it possible for the user 
to view,  browse and connect to multiple networks in a 
consistent fashion. 
What about Netware with Chicago?	94-03-18
What about NetWare?  Are you working with Novell on NetWare
support?

Customers will require high-performance, reliable NetWare
support the day Chicago is released.   To meet that 
requirement, Microsoft is developing a 32-bit NCP Redirector 
that is seamlessly  integrated with the Chicago user interface, 
and is encouraging Novell to do the same.  Microsoft  will offer 
Novell access to information and assistance to write a Chicago 
redirector.  Novell  engineers attended the Win32 Professional 
Developers Conference and have been provided  access to the 
Preliminary Developers Kit for Chicago.    With this approach, 
customers should be able to choose from multiple sources for 
reliable,  high-performance NetWare connectivity software when 
Chicago is released.
Will there be Chicago server version?	94-03-18
Will there be a Chicago server?

No, not in the sense of a server product such as Windows NT
Advanced Server.  Chicago  will continue to improve upon the 
peer server capabilities offered in Windows for  Workgroups by 
offering additional features for remote installation, control 
and  administration.  These features will make Chicago an even 
better product for an easy-to-use  file and print-sharing LAN 
that is ideally suited as a small-business, small-department or  
remote office network.  Similarly, Windows NT offers peer 
services as well for the high-end  desktop.  But for most  
server applications, and in the sense that most people ask about 
a  server product, Windows NT Advanced Server is the Microsoft 
server product.
What about Chicagos portability?	94-03-18
I keep hearing rumors that you are working on a portable version
of Chicago.  Is this true?  

No, we are not working on a portable version of Chicago. 
Windows NT is our portable  operating system, and its already 
available on high-end Intel, MIPS, Alpha and Clipper  machines; 
it will be available on the PowerPC by mid-1994 and on other 
high-end  platforms over time.  There is no reason to make 
Chicago portable.  Chicago is optimized for  Intel processors, 
and much of its internal code is Intel assembler, which puts 
Chicago at the  heart of todays low-end and mainstream line.   
Portability is important for the new  generation of high-powered 
Intel and RISC machines, on which Windows NT runs and for  which 
Windows NT has been optimized.  As these new high-end machines 
become more  mainstream, which will happen over time, Windows NT 
will already offer the power,  security, and reliability that 
users will demand to exploit these new machines.
What about systems management?	94-03-18
What will Chicago do to make the client operating system more
manageable?

A primary goal for the Chicago project is to make Windows less
expensive to deploy in a  corporation.  Chicago will include 
some specific features and enabling technologies that will  make 
it easier for system administrators to install, configure, 
monitor, maintain and  troubleshoot their Windows-based 
desktops.  Chicago can be set up from a network server and at 
the desktop can be configured at the  desktop to run locally or 
across the network.  In each case, the administrator can 
establish a  specific configuration for the installation, 
selecting from a flexible array of setup  configuration options. 
Chicago desktops require only a floppy drive to start up, and 
paging  of components to a swapfile on the network can be 
disabled to minimize network traffic.   

Once Chicago is installed, administrators will be able to
centrally configure desktop settings  such as file and printer 
sharing, network access, and passwords.  They can remotely 
monitor  Chicago desktops with peer services running to 
determine what resources are shared, what  connections have been 
made, and what files are being used.  Chicago enhances the 
security  provided by Windows for Workgroups to include 
user-level security.  To enable users to access  their personal 
groups, applications, and data from any system on the network, 
Chicago will  provide user profiles.  Chicago will also provide 
the infrastructure for the delivery of enhanced desktop  
management services by third parties. A backup agent will be 
included with Chicago to  enable administrators to back up 
desktop data to a network server. To integrate the desktop  into 
SNMP-based enterprise management systems, Chicago will also 
include a Systems  Network Management Protocol (SNMP) agent and 
a Management Information Base (MIB) for  a number of system 
resources. The system registry and Plug and Play architecture 
provide a  rich store of data about the software and hardware 
configuration on the desktop, and this  information can be 
accessed by system management software using a DCE-compliant  
Remote Procedure Call (RPC) mechanism.
Will there be mobility features?	94-03-18
What improvements will Chicago offer for people who use a mobile
or remote computer?

Chicago will provide great support for mobile form-factor
devices and will make it easy for  end users to access the 
resources of their desktop systems when they are away from their 
offices.  The implementation of Plug and Play in Chicago will 
support insertion and removal  of devices such as PCMCIA cards 
while the operating system is running.  It will also support  
automatic reconfiguration of dockable computers when they are 
inserted or removed from  the docking station, without rebooting 
the system.  An enhanced version of Advanced  Power Management 
will further extend battery life.  The services provided by 
Windows for  Pen Computing will be enhanced and incorporated 
into Chicago, including basic inking and  rendering support.  A 
special focus will be on remote connectivity.  Any Chicago-based 
machine will be able to  serve as a Remote Access dial-up server 
or a remote client for Windows NT Advanced  Server, Novell 
NetWare servers or Chicago peer servers.  The same technology 
will be used  for serial cable and infrared connections between 
PCs. The Remote Access architecture will  be integrated with the 
Chicago networking architecture by using the same network 
protocols  and advanced security features.  Remote Access will 
support wireless devices and allow  application developers to 
make their applications slow-link aware to improve the user  
experience when working on a remote system via modem rather than 
on a high-bandwidth  network.  Furthermore, Chicago will provide 
a simple form of file synchronization and APIs  for applications 
to access the file synchronization services to merge changes 
when both the  source document and copy have been modified.   
Remote e-mail and Microsoft at Work fax capability will be 
included, as in Windows for  Workgroups 3.11 today.
How will file synchronization work?	94-03-18
Will the file synchronization feature in Chicago provide
document management capabilities?  

Chicagos file synchronization services are optimized for the
needs of the mobile computer  user who wants to take copies of 
documents to a remote location and have them be  automatically 
synchronized with the source documents.  It is not intended as a 
replacement  for sophisticated document management systems. 

Chicagos file synchronization allows customers to identify files
that they want to stay up to  date, to change those files, and 
to have the files automatically updated when the source file  is 
available to the system.  The update is performed by replacing 
the source file with the  modified copy at the discretion of the 
user.  If an application writes a merge-handler, then  specific 
data within the modified and source copies of a file can be 
merged, to create a new  updated copy.
Will there be separate NT and Chicago SDKs?	94-03-18
You say you have one API with Win32.  Does that mean there will 
also be just one Windows  SDK?  

Yes, there will be one Win32 SDK that developers can use to
develop 32-bit applications for  Windows 3.1, Chicago and 
Windows NT.  In fact, we recently announced a new  subscription 
service, the Microsoft Developer Network Level II that provides 
developers with  not only the Win32 toolkit, but every system 
toolkit we offer, on a single CD, updated  quarterly. 
What benefits are there to developers?	94-03-18
What benefits does Chicago offer to developers?  What are you
doing to make developing  Windows-based applications easier?

The Microsoft Visual Basic programming system has dramatically
streamlined and simplified  the development of Windows-based 
applications, and it will be enhanced to support the  
development of 32-bit applications for Chicago.  Microsoft also 
is enhancing its Visual C++ * development system and Microsoft 
Foundation Class tools.
Will Visual Basic for Applications be included?	94-03-18
 Will Chicago include Visual Basic for Applications?  

Visual Basic for Applications will be offered as a separate
product.
Will Chicago and NT use common device drivers?	94-03-18
Will Chicago and Windows NT share the same device drivers?

Generally not, since Chicago and Windows NT have different
device driver models.  However,  since both products support a 
modular, layered device driver architecture, there are areas of  
substantial synergy.  For example, SCSI miniport adapters for 
Windows NT will be binary- compatible with Chicago, as will 
printer drivers and NDIS drivers for Windows NT. 

Will WOSA services be included?	94-03-18
Will WOSA services be included with Chicago?

WOSA is a general, open framework for implementing multiple
back-end services in  Windows while providing a single 
front-end interface for end users.  Services in Chicago  such as 
messaging and remote network access are designed according to 
the WOSA  framework.  Whether or not support for additional WOSA 
services, such as ODBC support,  will be shipped with Chicago is 
a packaging decision that will be made later in the  development 
cycle and will be based on customer and business needs.  All the 
WOSA- related toolkits are available today to developers through 
the Microsoft Developer Network  Level II subscription service. 


Internet and Usenet

Usenet	94-03-15
If you received this FAQ from somewhere other than Usenet or
Internet, you may not be familiar with Usenet.  Basically, 
Usenet is a loose collection of over 1,000,000 computers which 
exchange mail and news.  The network is unstructured and highly 
distributed; most communication is either by TCP/IP over 
high-speed connections (or over dual-up links using public 
telephone lines), or UUCP over public telephone lines.  

Internet is the worldwide collection of computers linked using
the TCP/IP protocol, consisting of somewhere  between 5,000,000 
and 10,000,000 computers, usually connected by high-speed TCP/IP 
network connections. 

Usenet news is a software system where a person can post an
article to a selected newsgroup, and have every other news 
reader be able to read it.  There are over 3,000 newsgroups 
(including the alt groups), and daily volume of news now exceeds 
50 MB.

While most Usenet systems are Unix-based, it is not a
requirement, and there are a number of Usenet software packages 
available for Windows as well.  If you have an Internet or UUCP 
connection, ask your system administrator whether you have 
Usenet news available.  Some of the most common newsreading 
software packages are readnews, rn, trn, nn and notes.
Usenet Windows newsgroups	94-03-15
There are a total of eight Usenet newsgroups dealing with
Microsoft Windows: 

	comp.os.ms-windows.advocacy
This group is intended for adversarial discussions, arguments
and comparisons to other computers and operating systems.  
Applicable to all Windows platforms.
	comp.os.ms-windows.announce
This is a low-volume moderated group with only Windows-related
announcements (and the text versions of the FAQs) and with no 
discussion.   Moderated by Steve Graham 
(sgraham@shiloh.nimh.nih.gov).
	comp.os.ms-windows.apps
This group contains discussions, questions, and comments about
the selection and use of Windows and Windows NT applications.
	comp.os.ms-windows.setup
This group is meant for questions and discussions about Windows
and Windows for Workgroups setup process, driver availability 
and selection, and hardware compatability and selection. 
	comp.os.ms-windows.misc
All other discussions about Windows and Windows for Workgroups
should be in this group.

	comp.os.ms-windows.video (proposed)
Discussions about vide0 adapters, monitors and video drivers for
usee with Microsoft Windows and Windows NT.
	comp.os.ms-windows.networking.windows (proposed)
Discussions about Windows built-in networking capabilities:
Windows for Workgroups, Windows NT, Windows NT Advanced Server 
and LAN Manager.
	comp.os.ms-windows.networking.tcp-ip (proposed)
Discussions about TCP/IP networking with Windows, WinSock,
WinSock-based applications, newsreaders, PPP and SLIP.
	comp.os.ms-windows.networking.misc (proposed)
Discussions about Windows and other networks, including Netware,
Banyan Vines, LANtastic and LAN Server.

	comp.os.ms-windows.nt.setup
Questions and discussions about the Windows NT setup process,
driver availability and selection, and hardware compatability 
and selection. 
	comp.os.ms-windows.nt.misc
All other discussions about Windows NT should be in this group.

	comp.os.ms-windows.programmer.tools
Discussions about the selection and use of  tools for Windows
software development. 
	comp.os.ms-windows.programmer.win32
All discussions about the Win32 applications programming
interface (used in Windows NT and Win32s) and the Windows NT 
SDK belong in this group.. 
	comp.os.ms-windows.programmer.misc
This group is for all other discussions about Windows software
development.

	comp.os.ms-windows.programmer.bitmaps (proposed)
Discussions about programming with bitmaps, palettes and DIBs.
	comp.os.ms-windows.programmer.controls (proposed)
Discussions about programming with controls, dialogs, custom
controls and VBXs.
	comp.os.ms-windows.programmer. drivers (proposed)
Discussions about programming Windows and Windows NT drivers and
VxDs.
	comp.os.ms-windows.programmer. graphics (proposed)
Discussions about programming with graphics, GDI, fonts and
printing.
	comp.os.ms-windows.programmer.memory (proposed)
Discussions about memory management, processes and DLLs.
	comp.os.ms-windows.programmer.ole (proposed)
Discussions about programming with OLE, COM and DDE.
	comp.os.ms-windows.programmer.winhelp (proposed)
Discussions about development of WinHelp and MultiMedia viewer
applications.

	comp.binaries.ms-windows
This group is for postings of free and shareware Windows
applications, utilities, display and printer drivers  and for 
the latest FAQs.  Moderated by Tin Le (tin@saigon.com).

The following groups have been replaced by those shown above: 
	comp.windows.ms
This group was for discussions about Microsoft Windows.
	comp.windows.ms.programmer
This group was for discussions about programming for Microsoft
Windows.

The following groups may also be of interest: 
	alt.winsock
This group is for discussions about the use and programming of
the Windows Sockets interface.
	comp.databases.access    (proposed)
This group is for dicussions about Microsoft's Access database..

	comp.lang.basic.visual
This groups is for Visual Basic (both Windows and MS-DOS
versions) discussions.
	comp.os.msdos.programmer
This groups contains general MS-DOS programming questions. 
Some, especially those concerning compiler selection, may be of 
interest to Windows programmers.
	bit.listserv.win3-l
This group is a two-way gateway of the BITNET WIN3-L mailing
list, dealing with all aspects of Windows 3.x.
	bit.listserv.access-l
This group is a two-way gateway of the BITNET ACCESS-L mailing
list, dealing with Microsoft's Access database.

The following groups are not for Microsoft Windows!
	comp.windows.misc
This group is for miscellaneous discussions about windowing
systems in general.
	comp.windows.news
This group is for discussions about the Sun Microsystems NeWS
windowing system.

In general, these newsgroups are only available to computers
connected to Usenet or Internet; they are not gatewayed into 
BITNET, CompuServe, Prodigy or other services. Some FidoNet BBS 
systems, however, do carry selected Usenet newsgroups.  If you 
cannot obtain access to these groups on your system, contact the 
author of this FAQ for possible alternatives.
Alternatives to Usenet	94-03-02
If you are unable to find a connection to the Internet (that
procedure can not be easily defined, as the Internet does not 
have any sort of a formal structure), there are several 
alternatives available for finding more information about 
Windows, and for locating Windows software and drivers.

BITNET users (as well as any other with an electronic mail
connection to Internet) can subscribe to lists such as WIN3-L 
(win3-l@uicvm.bitnet), a mailing list dedicated to Windows 
discussions.  This mailing list is similar in content to the 
comp.os.ms-windows.misc newsgroup; no programmer mailing list 
exists on BITNET.  See the following list for a list of mailing 
lists.

America OnLine also provides access to Usenet newsgroups.

If you live in North America (or in one of selected Western
European countries), you can subscribe to CompuServe, a 
commercial service.  CompuServe has extensive Windows-oriented 
discussions and a fairly good selection of free software.  
Although the level of discussion is often less technical, it is 
much more structured than the Internet.  CompuServe also has 
numerous vendor-supported forums, including ones organized by 
Microsoft for Windows and Windows NT.

Many FidoNet-based BBS systems also carry the Usenet Windows
newsgroups.  Consult a local BBS listing to find your nearest 
FidoNet BBS.
Windows-related mailing lists	94-03-02
The following mailing lists are Windows-related.  Please use the
requests address for administrative mail (such as getting added 
to the list):
	Dr. Help
	List:	drhelp@eng.monash.edu.au
	Requests:	listserv@eng.monash.edu.au
	LabView
	List:	info-labview@pica.army.mil
	Requests:	info-labview-requesr@pica.army.mil
	Lotus Improv
	List:	improv@bmt.gun.com
	Requests:	improv-request@bmt.gun.com
	MathCAD
	List:	mathcad@eng.monash.edu.au
	Requests:	listserv@eng.monash.edu.au
	OWL
	List:	owl-list@cs.rpi.edu
	Requests:	owl-list@cs.rpi.edu
	ProtoGen/ProtoView
	List:	protoplus@netcom.com
	Requests:	protoplus-request@netcom.com
	WIN3-L (Windows 3.x)
	List:	win3-l@uicvm.bitnet
	Requests:	listserv@uicvm.bitnet
Freeware and shareware by ftp
While CompuServe (which has a lot of software) and your local
BBS may have large selections, the Internet provides an immense 
resource for all PC users.  The key program to access this 
software is called ftp (File Transfer Protocol), and it's usable 
from most Internet system, but is not usable through UUCP links. 


If you do have ftp available to you, follow the example below to
connect to ftp.cica.indiana.edu (do not type in the // 
comments):

$ ftp ftp.cica.indiana.edu	// make connection
Connected to ... 	// cica responds
Userid (user@cica): ftp	// enter "ftp" as userid
Password: real_userid@site	// enter your own userid
ftp> tenex	// for binary transfers
ftp> cd /pub/pc/win3	// where the goodies are
ftp> ls -l	// list the directory
ftp> get ls-ltR	// get the current index
ftp> quit	// we're done!
$ _

Of course, you can get multiple files at a time  read the ftp
manual page for more information.  

Remember that shareware is not free: register the software you
use to encourage the development of more low-cost software.
Popular Internet ftp sites	93-03-01
The following ftp sites provide significant amounts of software
of interest to Windows users: 
	ftp.cica.indiana.edu (129.79.20.84)
Directory /pub/pc/win3  contains one of the largest selections
of Windows software and device drivers anywhere.  Mirrored by 
wuarchive.  Please do not access ftp.cica.indiana.edu between 
8am and 6pm EST to prevent overloading the system.
	wsmr-simtel20.army.mil (26.2.0.74)
Directory pd1:<msdos> contains a very large selection of MS-DOS
(and some Windows) software.  Mirrored by wuarchive.
	wuarchive.wustl.edu (128.242.135.4)
Directory /mirrors/win3 contains a copy of the cica Windows
archives, and directory /mirrors/msdos contains a copy of the 
simtel10 MS-DOS archive.
	ftp.uu.net (137.39.1.9)
Directory /vendors/microsoft contains a lot of the Microsoft
developer support materials available on CompuServe, including 
tech notes, sample sources, the ODBC SDK and WinHelp 
documentation for Windows and Win32 SDKs. 
	garbo.uwasa.fi (128.214.12.3)
Directories /win3 and /win31 contain a majority of the cica
Windows archives, and a fair amount of non-cica material.  Note 
that garbo.uwasa.fi is located in Finland, and North American 
users should avoid congesting transatlantic Internet links by 
ftping from this site.  Mirrored by wuarchive.
	cc.monash.edu.au
Directory /pub/win3 contains a copy of the cica Windows
archives.  Note that monash is located in Australia, and North 
American users should avoid congesting transpacific Internet 
links by ftping from this site.
	ftp.und.ac.za
Directory /pub/pc/win3/vbasic contains a a variety of things
useful to Visual Basic programmers.  Note that und is located 
in SouthAfrica, and you should try to avoid congesting 
transpacific Internet links by excessive ftping from this site.

If your ftp program complains about an unknown site, you can
substitute the numeric Internet address (shown after each site 
name above) for the name in the ftp command.
Using archie	92-09-21
If you know the program you're looking for, but don't know where
to find it, you might try using a utility called archie.  This 
program allows you to search for a filename in all the available 
ftp sites.

There are numerous archie servers available; to use one of them,
telnet to the system, and sign on as archie.  Follow 
instructions to search for a file.  The following lists some of 
the know archie servers currently available for use; pick one in 
your geographical area:

	archie.rutgers.edu	United States (Northeast)
	archie.sura.net	United States (Southeast)
	archie.unl.edu	United States (West)

	archie.mcgill.ca	Canada
	archie.au	Australia and New Zealand
	archie.funet.fi	Europe
	archie.doc.ic.ac.uk	United Kingdom
Ftp by email
There are several sites that will perform general FTP retrievals
for you in response to a similar mail query, although it 
appears that the info-server@cs.net server is permanently out of 
order.  

In general, please be considerate, and don't over-use these
services.  If people start using them to retrieve megabytes and 
megabytes of GIF or WAV files, they will probably disappear.  
Also, keep in mind that your system may be linked to the net 
using a long-distance UUCP connection, and your sysadmin may not 
be happy about large mail files using up modem time and filling 
overloaded spool directories.

	bitftp@pucc.bitnet
For information on this one (available only to BITNET sites)
send it the message:
help

	ftpmail@decwrl.dec.com
For information on this server, available to all Internet sites,
send it a mail message with a body containing simply:
help

	mailserv@garbo.uwasa.fi
One final choice is to use the garbo.uwasa.fi server, which lets
you access the garbo.uwasa.fi archive (which contains most of 
the cica files).  For instructions, send it a mail message with 
"Subject: garbo-request" and a single line of text "send help" 
to 
send help
Please do not use this service if you are located in North
America!
FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions)	93-02-04
Hundreds of Usenet newsgroups have their own FAQs, most of them
in text format.  You can retrieve almost all of these FAQs' 
latest versions by ftp from rtfm.mit.edu in the directory 
/pub/usenet/news-answers.
More about Internet and Usenet	94-03-15
To learn more about Internet and Usenet, I strongly recommend
you purchase or borrow a copy of Ed Krol's The Whole Internet 
User's Guide and Catalog (ISBN 1-56592-025-2, $24.95), which 
covers email, news, ftp, archie and much more.  This 400-page 
handbook is a thorough guide to getting around on the Net, clear 
enough for neophytes but with new information even for true 
Internet veterans.  A wide range of other books are also 
available; check your local bookstore for the selection.

To purchase The Whole Internet User's Guide and Catalog, check
your local bookstore or contact the publisher, O'Reilly and 
Associates at 1-800-998-9938 (103 Morris St., Sebastopol, CA 
95472).
FTP archives on CD-ROM	92-09-21
Walnut Creek offers copies of the cica, wuarchive and simtel 
FTP archives on CD-ROM, at prices ranging from $25 to $50, with 
annual subscriptions available.  Call (800) 786-9907 or (510) 
947-5996 for more information.
Setting Up and Configuring Windows
System Configuration

Minimum Windows 3.1 configurations
The minimum  system configurations to run Windows 3.1 are as
follows:
	Standard Mode
286 processor, 640KB base memory, 256KB extended memory, EGA
graphics
	386 Enhanced Mode
386 processor, 640KB base memory, 1MB extended memory, EGA
graphics

The following are recommended  minimum configurations (based on
the experiences of many net Windows users) for good 
performance.
	Standard Mode
286/12 processor, 2MB total memory, VGA graphics, mouse
	386 Enhanced Mode
386SX/16 processor, 4MB total memory, VGA graphics, mouse
Minimum Windows 3.0 configurations
The minimum  system configurations to run Windows 3.0 are as
follows:
	Real Mode
8088 processor, 640KB base memory, CGA/Hercules graphics
	Standard Mode
286 processor, 640KB base memory, 256KB extended memory,
CGA/Hercules graphics
	386 Enhanced Mode
386 processor, 640KB base memory, 1MB extended memory,
CGA/Hercules graphics

The following are recommended  minimum configurations (based on
the experiences of many net Windows users) for good 
performance.  (Real Mode is not configurable for good 
performance, and many applications will not run in it due to a 
lack of memory.)
	Standard Mode
286/12 processor, 2MB total memory, VGA graphics, mouse
	386 Enhanced Mode
386SX/16 processor, 4MB total memory, VGA graphics, mouse
Minimum Windows NT pre-release configuration	92-12-22
The minimum  recommended  system configuration to run the
Windows NT pre-release Software Development Kit is as follows:
	386DX/33 processor
	12 MB memory
	100 MB hard disk
	VGA graphics

The recommended  system configuration to run the final retail
release of Windows NT, including networking and several 
applications, is expected to be the following (according to 
Microsoft):
	386DX processor
	8 MB memory
	100 MB hard disk
	VGA graphics
Standard mode vs. 386 Enhanced mode
If you own a 386- or 486-based system, you have the choice of
running in either Standard or Enhanced mode.  The following 
lists the advantages of each:

Standard mode
	Speed.  Many aspects of Windows run substantially faster in
Standard mode than in 386 Enhanced mode.

386 Enhanced mode
	Virtual memory capability.
	Multiple DOS sessions are pre-emptively multitasked.
	DOS sessions may be run in a window.
	Able to run 386-specific applications such as Mathematica,
FrameMaker and wdeb386.
Selecting a hardware configuration for Windows

Selecting a CPU/FPU	92-12-22
As always, faster is better.  However, CPU alone won't determine
your system's Windows performance.  

You can get fairly good performance even with a 386SX/20
processor given sufficient memory, and if you have a video 
accelerator card, a 386DX/40 doesn't feel much slower than a 
486DX/33.  You most definitely won't be able to tell a 486DX/33 
and a 486DX2/66 apart in "normal" Windows operation.

Windows itself will not take advantage of a floating point unit
such as the 287 or 387.
Selecting the memory size	92-12-22
Again, the more memory the better.  

You can get tolerable performance with 2 MB, but 4 MB is a more
realistic minimum for decent performance.  If you have 8 MB, 
you can use a reasonably large disk cache (such as SmartDrive) 
and RAM disk; with 16 MB, you can disable swapping completely 
and get even better performance.

Make sure your memory is either on the motherboard, or on a
high-speed bus (such as EISA or MCA).  The standard ISA bus 
will slow your memory accesses down to a crawl.
Selecting a hard disk	92-12-22
For best Windows performance, you want a WD-compatible disk
controller.  As most SCSI controllers (such as the excellent 
Adaptec 1542B and 1740) are not WD-compatible, they can not use 
Windows' FastDisk 32-bit disk access facility.  Worse yet, you 
may need to double-buffer your SCSI drive with SmartDrive, 
further degrading performance.

The best bet for Windows 3.1 and future Windows NT performance
is a high-speed IDE drive (all of which are WD-compatible).  
The controllers are inexpensive (and built into many 
motherboards), and the new drives are quite fast.  IDE drives 
tend to be smaller, however, than their SCSI and ESDI 
counterparts, ranging from 40 MB up to about 500 MB (SCSI and 
ESDI drives currently on the market range from 300 MB to over 2 
GB).

The final option is to use an ESDI drive; these drives are
usually identical to their SCSI counterparts, but with 
different interface electronics.  As long as you don't use a 
controller with a custom BIOS (such as the WD-1009), you can use 
Windows' 32-bit disk access for better performance.  While ESDI 
is generally somewhat slower than SCSI, the 32-bit access 
capability far outweighs that difference.
Selecting a video adapter	94-01-20
Given Windows GUI orientation, a fast video adapter is essential
for good performance.  In addition, a better video adapter can 
provide higher resolution, higher refresh rates (for a steadier 
picture) and more on-screen colors (for more realistic picture 
reproduction).

You should look for a card supporting a 70 Hz or 72 Hz refresh
rate (provided your monitor can handle that), and likely at 
least 

A local bus or EISA graphics card will provide better
performance, but the difference is not as significant with 
accelerated cards as it is with dub frame-buffer designs such as 
the ET4000 chipset.  In general, don't pay double just to get an 
EISA card!

The following will attempt to describe some of the high
performance (i.e. better than VGA) video adapters currently on 
the market.  The descriptions are frequently based on the 
chipsets rather than commercial product names, as numerous 
vendors will market adapters using basically identical hardware. 
All comments below are subjective and reflect the author's 
opinion only.  Do not base a purchase decision solely on this 
listing, but always test a video adapter using your own 
applications prior to purchase, if possible.

  4b:   4-bit color (16 colors)		  8b:   8-bit color (256
colors)
15b: 15-bit color (32,768 colors)    	24b: 24-bit color (16.7M
colors)
*interlaced

	ATI: Mach 8
1280x1024x4b*, 1024x768x8b, 800x600x8b, 640x480x8b
This is the original ATI accelerator chipset, which powers the
ATI 8514 Ultra, Graphics Ultra and Graphics Vantage.  The Ultra 
cards use VRAM video memory, while Vantage uses slower DRAM.  
The 8514 Ultra does not include onboard VGA, but both other 
cards do.  All three cards are 8514 compatible.  These cards, 
while no longer the fastest around, provide excellent Windows 
performance at all resolutions.  The driver support is very good 
(with Windows NT beta drivers available), and ATI provides 
anti-aliased Crystal Fonts for better readability.
	
	ATI: Mach 32
1280x1024x8b, 1024x768x15b, 800x600x24b, 640x480x24b
The second-generation ATI accelerator chipset powers the ATI
Ultra+ and Ultra Pro.  The Ultra Pro uses VRAM video memory, 
while Ultra+ uses slower DRAM.  Both cards are 8514 compatible.  
Both cards are extremely fast and provide blinding Windows 
performance. The driver support is excellent, with even beta 
Windows NT drivers available.  ATI provides anti-aliased Crystal 
Fonts for better readability.  One problem is that the highest 
performance Ultra+/Pro setup requires a 4 MB memory aperture, 
which is not possible on an ISA-based system with 16 MB of 
memory; disabling the memory aperture reduces performance by at 
least 5-10%.  Effectively an ISA-based Ultra+ is slower in a 16 
MB system than the original Mach 8-based Graphics Ultra.
	
	ATI: Mach 64
1280x1024x8b, 1024x768x15b, 800x600x24b, 640x480x24b
	These are ATI's upcoming third-generation accelerator cards.

		Avance Logic: ALG2101
1280x1024x4b*, 1024x768x8b, 800x600x15b, 640x480x15b
The '2101 is a medium-speed performer with some serious
reliability problems and buggy Windows drivers.

	Avance Logic: ALG2201
1280x1024x8b*, 1024x768x15b, 800x600x24b, 640x480x24b
The '2201 is the upcoming replacement for the '2101, with 24-bit
true-color support, and intended for local bus designs.

	C&T: 82C481
1280x1024x8b*, 1024x768x15b, 800x600x24b, 640x480x24b
C&T's '481 chipset (often combined with the C&T Wingine chipset
for VGA compatability) is a blazingly fast performer, but is 
currently hobbled by limited driver support.  Check that the 
modes you need are supported before buying, and be prepared to 
have Windows fly!

	Compaq: 128084
1024x768x8b, 800x600x15b, 640x480x8b
Compaq's excellent QVision accelerator design is now getting to
be a bit long in the tooth, and its performance is below nearly 
all of its competitors.

	IIT: AGX015
1280x1024x8b*, 1152x960x8b, 1024x768x15b, 800x600x24b,
640x480x24b
The AGX015 is IIT's implementation of the XGA specification,
although at least the first available cards (Hercules' Graphite 
series) are not XGA-compatible.  Despite some benchmark cheats, 
this remains an extremely fast card in real use, and wit has 
refresh rates of up to 90 Hz available.

	S3: 87C801
1280x1024x8b, 1024x768x15b, 800x600x24b, 640x480x24b
The '801 is a higher-performance (32-bit), lower-cost version of
the '924 chipset, using inexpensive DRAM instead of the faster 
VRAM video memory.  The performance edge over the original '911 
is in excess of 50% on WinMark benchmarks.

	S3: 87C805
1280x1024x8b, 1024x768x15b, 800x600x24b, 640x480x24b
The '805 is a further development of the '801 chipset, optimized
for EISA and local buses, and with more memory to allow 
hi-color and true-color modes at higher resolutions.  Like the 
'801, it's a 32-bit DRAM design.

	S3: 87C911
1280x1024x4b*, 1024x768x8b, 800x600x15b, 640x480x24b
This is the original S3 accelerator chipset.  It provides very
good all-around performance, and is widely used in accelerator 
boards such as the Diamond Stealth.  For better performance, 
look for the newer '801 or '928 chipsets, though.

	S3: 87C924
1280x1024x4b*, 1024x768x8b, 800x600x15b, 640x480x24b
The '924 is an updated version of the original S3 '911 chipset. 
Its performance is only somewhat improved over the original 
chipset (and less so than the '801 and '928), but it has some 
hardware bugs fixed (these bugs were previously worked around by 
the Windows drivers).

	S3: 87C928
1280x1024x15b*, 1024x768x24b, 800x600x24b, 640x480x24b
The '928 is a high-end version of the '805 chipset, intended for
ISA as well as EISA and local buses, and supporting up to 4 MB 
of VRAM for true color at high resolutions.

	Texas Instruments: TMS 34010
4096x4096x24b  [the TMS34010 chipset effectively does not limit
resolution]
The TMS34010 is a true coprocessed card instead of a
fixed-function accelerator.  As it's design is not optimized 
for Windows, it is at its best in CAD applications and similar, 
which can take advatage of its display list processing 
capabilities.  It provides very good Windows performance, but at 
a very high price point.  Check performance of the specific 
model before buying, though  the drivers are developed by 
individual vendors, and can have a trememndous impact on 
TMS34010 perforomance.

	Texas Instruments: TMS 34020
4096x4096x24b  [the TMS34020 chipset effectively does not limit
resolution]
The TMS34020 is a 200 MHz 32-bit implementation of the original
100 MHz 16-bit TMS 34010.  It can provide outstanding Windows 
performance (on par with the ATI Ultra Pro), but it does so at a 
very high price point.  The chipset is worth considering mainly 
if you also use your system for CAD.

	Tseng Laboratories: ET4000/W32i
1024x768x24b
The latest 32-bit implementation of the venerable ET4000 is
amazingly speedy considering its low cost.  Cards such as the 
Hercules Dynamite are performing on par with ATI's Mach32 
accelerators at less than half the price.  Highly recommended.

	Video 7: HT216
1280x1024x4b*, 1024x768x8b, 800x600x15b, 640x480x15b
Video 7's first accelerator chipset is an inexpensive design
which provides middling performance, on par with the Compaq 
128084 and the Weitek 5186.

	Western Digital: WD90C31
1280x1024x4b*, 1024x768x8b, 800x600x15b, 640x480x15b
Western Digital's new chipset is used by a number of display
adapters, including the Paradise Windows Accelerator and the 
Diamond Speedstar 24x.  While the chipset benchmarks moderately 
well (slotting between ATI's and S3's first- and 
second-generation chipsets), it has worse-than-expected real 
life performance, especially in scrolling.  The current drivers 
are also quite buggy and unreliable.

	Western Digital: WD90C33
1280x1024x8b, 1024x768x15b, 800x600x24b, 640x480x24b
WD's second generation design will be targeted at local bus
designs, and will attempt to improve performance with more 
accelerated operations and a 32-bit design (instead of the 
32-bit/16-bit hybrid design in the WD90C31).

	Weitek: W5186
1024x768x8b, 800x600x8b, 640x480x8b
Weitek's initial foray into accelerator chipsets does not
provide stellar performance, largely since the accelerated 
operations are limited to BitBlits and line drawing.  An 
16-bit/8-bit internal design and a lack of support for more than 
256 colors don't add to the attraction of the W5186 chipset.

	Weitek: W5286
1280x1024x4b*, 1024x768x8b, 800x600x15b, 640x480x24b
The upcoming second-generation Weitek chipset will attempt to
correct some of the problems of the W5186, using a 32-bit/8-bit 
internal design, true-color support (albeit only at low 
resolutions) and accelerated color expansion and pattern fills.  
It looks doubtful, though, that the W5286 would significantly 
surpass the top first-generation accelerators (such as the ATI 
Ultra and S3 87C911), let alone match the latest performers.
System BIOS compatability	93-04-22
A number of different computers have BIOS incompatabilities with
Windows 3.1.  The following list contains BIOSes with such 
problems.  Contact you manufacturer for an update if you have 
one of these systems.

Manufacturer	Version	Problem
ALR	MPS	Incompatible with Seagate IDE disks
AMI	1987	Floppy access causes reboot
AMI	1989	Intermittent crashes
AMI	1991	Serial port problems for versions prior to 1991-07-07
AST	Premium/286	Crashes, keyboard lockups and network errors
Award BIOS	<= 3.04	Floppy read errors before version 3.05 
DTK BIOS	<= 34	No IDE drive support
DTK BIOS	36	Setup utilities must be disabled
Peak BIOS	1.10	1.30 or newer is required
Phoenix BIOS	<= 1987	1988 or newer is required
Quadtel BIOS	<= 3.04	3.05 or newer is required
Tandon	All	Old BIOSes cause keyboard failures
Toshiba	T3100/20	BIOS 4.2 is required
Toshiba	T3100e	BIOS 1.7 is required
Wyse	All	Setup detects 101 keyboard as 84
Zenith	286	Keyboard problems
Zenith	386/16	BIOS 2.6E or newer is required
Zenith	TurboSport	BIOS 2.4D or newer is required

The BIOS name and version number (or date) are usually displayed
when the system boots.  As an alternative, you can use msd.exe, 
a DOS-based diagnostic utility included with Windows 3.1, to 
determine the BIOS your system is using.  Also, there are 
several diagnostic utilities available in wuarchive's 
/mirrors/msdos/info directory: sysch233, sysid602 and ifp1p155.
Video drivers

Identifying your video card	92-09-28
The first step in finding the correct Windows drivers for your
video card is to determine the type of card you have.  First, 
you may have a "brand-name" card; if so, your box and/or 
documentation will ientify the type of card.  Second, you can 
look at the BIOS message (if any) displayed when you boot your 
system.  Third, you can open up your system, and look for 
identification on the card itself  usually either printed on the 
card itself or on some of the integrated circuits.  

As an alternative, you can use msd.exe, a DOS-based diagnostic
utility included with Windows 3.1, to determine the 
manufacturer and type of video card in your system.  Also, two 
utilities available from wuarchive, atmem10 and vgautils (in 
directory /mirrors/msdos/vga) may help you identify your video 
card.

See the following section on locating a video card driver for a
listing of possible names to look for.
Locating a driver
Once you have identified your card, you are ready to begin
searching for the right driver.  First, check whether Windows 
includes the driver you are searching for (Windows 3.1 includes 
generic VGA (640x480x16) and SuperVGA (800x600x16) drivers, as 
well as numerous specific drivers).  Second, look at the 
diskettes you received in the video card package.  These may 
contain the appropriate driver, saving you from a further 
search.  

If neither Windows nor the diskettes have the drivers, or they
are out of date, you may wish to check ftp.cica.indiana.edu for 
the latest one.  If there are none at cica, you can try one of 
the following:
	Contact your dealer
	Call the video card manufacturer
	Download the latest driver from the manufacturer's BBS
	Download the latest driver from the Microsoft BBS
(206-936-6735) 

Note that Windows 3.1 drivers are normally dated after the
release date of Windows 3.1 itself (April 6, 1992).
Video card manufacturers
The following is a partial list of video display hardware
vendors who support using Windows with their products.  
CAUTION:  The numbers listed may not, by the time you read this, 
be up to date!

Ahead Systems		510-623-0961
Appian Technology		206-649-5363
ATI Technologies		416-756-4591
Boca Research		407-241-1601
Diamond Computer		408-730-1100
Everex Systems		510-226-9694
Focus Information		510-657-9451
Headland Technology	Video Seven	510-656-0503
Matrox Electronic		514-685-6008
Micro-Labs		312-648-6008
Micron Technology		208-368-2130
National Design		512-343-5054
NEC	NEC	512-832-1962
Nth Graphics	Nth Graphics	512-832-1962
Number Nine Computer	Number Nine	617-862-7502
Orchid Technology	Orchid	510-683-0327
Panacea	WinSpeed	603-432-5193
Sigma Designs	Sigma	510-770-0111
STB Systems	STB	214-437-9615
Tecmar	Tecmar	216-349-0853
Trident Microsystems	Trident	415-691-1016
ViewSonic	ViewSonic	213-944-2195

The following vendors do not provide BBS access, but do make
updates available on CompuServe, in the forum indicated.

Tseng Laboratories	ET3000, ET4000	WINADV
Using 256 (or more) colors in Windows
In order to use more than 16 colors in Windows, your display
card and its driver must first support 256 colors.  Second, 
your application must know about 256 colors in order to take 
advantage of this feature, as this requires palette switching 
and some additional programming.  Many applications currently on 
the market only support 16 colors.  

In order to get 256 colors, your video card will need at least
320K (for 640x480), 512K (for 800x600) or 768K (for 1024x768) 
of RAM.  For most video cards, 256-color drivers are also much 
slower than 16-color drivers.  Some video cards support 15-bit 
(32,768 colors) or 24-bit (16,777,216 colors) video; these can 
also be used in Windows given the appropriate display driver and 
sufficient video memory.
Panacea Winspeed
One alternative to the specific manufacturer-supplied drivers is
to use Panacea's Winspeed drivers.  These drivers often provide 
a substantial speed improvement over vendor-supplied drivers, 
although some vendors have highly optimized drivers which can 
meet or exceed Winspeed's performance.
CGA drivers	92-09-19
Windows 3.1 does not include CGA drivers, as the recommended
minimum for running Windows 3.1 is EGA.  If you need to run 
Windows on a CGA system, you can download the CGA drivers from 
the Microsoft BBS (206-936-6735).
Printer drivers
The following is a partial list of printer manufacturers who
support using Windows with their products.  CAUTION:  The 
numbers listed may not, by the time you read this, be up to 
date!

Canon	Canon	516-488-6528
Lexmark	IBM laser printers	606-232-5653
NEC	NEC	508-635-6328
Okidata	Okidata	800-654-3282
Panasonic	Panasonic, Roland	201-863-7487

The following vendors do not provide BBS access, but do make
updates available on CompuServe, in the forum indicated.

DEC	DEC	DECPCI
Varityper	Varityper	Desktop Publishing

Eliminating the Ctrl-D in PostScript output	92-10-31
To prevent Windows from placing a Ctrl-D (printer reset) at the
beginning of your PostScript output files, specify 
CtrlD=0
in the [ModelName,Port] section of your win.ini file.

Note that this method does not appear to work with the generic
PostScript Printer driver.
EPS graphics print in portrait even on landscape pages	92-12-30
If EPS (Encapsulated PostScript) graphics won't print correctly
in landscape mode, try adding the following line to the 
[Model,Port] section of your win.ini file:

LandscapeOrient=270

Hewlett-Packard DeskJet printing problems	92-12-16
If you are getting incomplete pages printed on your DeskJet,
make sure that there is the the entry
PrtResFac=0
in the [ModelName,Port] section for the DeskJet in your win.ini
file.

Note that only the drivers supplied by Hewlett-Packard support
HP scalable fonts and/or color printing, and these do not 
currently support TrueType fonts.
PostScript printer uses incorrect fonts	92-08-10
If you have a PostScript printer installed, and your documents
print with the incorrect font whenever you select something out 
of the ordinary (for example, WingDings or one of the Lucida 
fonts), your printer driver is likely configured incorrectly.  

In Control Panel's printer setup, click Setup..., then
Options..., and finally Advanced....  Now make sure you have 
the Use Printer Fonts for all True Type Fonts checkbox cleared.  
If you have this box checked, Windows will attempt to match each 
of your TrueType fonts to the "nearest" PostScript font, not 
always very successfully.

Alternately you may choose to purchase Adobe Type Manager, and
use Type 1 PostScript fonts instead of TrueType fonts to avoid 
the problem.
Selecting a PostScript printer driver	92-10-31
If your PostScript printer model is not listed in the available
printers listing, you should not choose the generic PostScript 
printer.  Microsoft advises that "if you select PostScript 
Printer, you may encounter problems when printing".  Instead, 
you may wish to try Apple LaserWriter as your first possibility.


Using an Apple Imagewriter or Imagewriter II with
Windows	93-06-19
the Apple Imagewriter and Imagewriter II are compatible with the
C-Itoh 8510 printer, whose driver is included with Windows 3.1. 
You will alse need to use a null modem with the serial cable 
connection from your PC to the printer, and set your serial port 
to 9600/8N1.
Math coprocessors and WIN87EM.DLL
Windows 3.x itself does not take advantage of a math
coprocessor.  Windows applications, on the other hand, may or 
may not, depending on the application: for example, Excel will, 
while Word for Windows won't.  In general, an 80x87 chip gives 
the greates speedup for trigonometric/log type of calculations, 
and does not significantly improve graphics speed in most cases.



The WIN87EM.DLL is a dynamic link library which provides
floating-point emulation for Windows applications.  Any 
application which is capable of using an 80x87 will need this 
library on a machine without an 80x87.
Multimedia

AdLib cards and .wav files	92-09-14
The standard AdLib driver supplied with Windows 3.1 is a
MIDI-only driver and is not capable of playing .wav files.  You 
can add this capability, however, by installing the driver 
contained in adlibw.zip, available at ftp.cica.indiana.edu  and 
other sites.
Using MIDI cards with Windows 3.1	92-12-20
if your sound card plays MIDI files (such as canyon.mid), but
none of the selections under Control Panel's Sound icon are 
available, your card/driver does not support wave files.  You 
will need either to add a wave driver for your card (if 
available  contact your sound card manufacturer) or to get a 
card which supports wave drivers.
SoundBlaster Pro and Windows 3.1	93-02-25
One of the most common symptoms of SoundBlaster Pro problems in
Windows 3.1 is a complete hang of the system on exit from 
Windows.  You need to use the SoundBlaster Pro drivers, not the 
SoundBlaster 1.5 drivers included with Windows 3.1.  The drivers 
shipped with SB Pro may be out of date, like those on 
Microsoft's BBS and on CompuServe (this may, however, have 
changed by the time you read this).  In any case, 
ftp.cica.indiana.edu has the set of updated drivers available as 
sounds/sbpw31.zip.  You can also get them from Creative Labs' 
BBS at (408) 428-6660.

Note that if you tell the driver to expect an IRQ other than the
one the SoundBlaster Pro actually uses, Windows will complete 
the driver installation.  When you than try to play a .WAV file, 
Windows will not recognize any device capable of playing it.     

Using the PC's built-in speaker	92-09-14
Windows 3.1 does not contain a driver for playing sounds over
the PC's built-in speaker, as the speaker is not quite 
standardized and not all machines would work as intended.  If 
you would like to try, however, you should get a copy of the 
speaker driver, contained in the self-extracting archive 
speaker.exe, available at Microsoft's BBS, ftp.cica.indiana.edu  
and other sites.
System resources
Free system resources are things such as window handles and
global memory block handles (handle is a Windows programming 
term, but it is basically an identifier for a window or any 
other global item.  Each window (dialog, icon, memory block, or 
whatever) requires a handle.

Windows 3.0 has a limit of 64K of resources (32,768 handles),
and Windows 3.1 has a limit of 128K of resources (65,536 
handles).  Windows NT does not have a global resource limit.

You can't increase system resources by just adding more memory;
the only real solution is to close some applications if you are 
running low.  Windows 3.0 Program Manager was a resource hog, 
but the 3.1 version is much better.  

Some poorly-written applications will also not release all the
resources they have grabbed when they exit.  You can check for 
this by checking the Free System Resources figure, starting up 
the application, working in it for some time, and then exiting.  
If the Free System Resources figure is not the same as before 
you started, your application is not properly freeing its 
resources and it's time for you to call the vendor and complain!


Networking

Compatible Networks	93-01-20
The following networks have either been tested by Microsoft, or
reported by Usenet users to be functional with Windows 3.x:

Network	earliest version
3Com 3 Plus	1.0
3Com 3+Open	1.0
Banyan Vines	4.0
BW NFS	?.?
DEC PathWorks	4.0
Frontier Tech Super-TCP	1.0	[Windows-based TCP/IP, SLIP and NFS]

FTP NFS	?.?	[Windows-based telnet application]
IBM PC LAN	1.1	[except server]
LAN Manager	1.0
LAN Server	1.0
LANtastic	4.0
Novell Netware	2.15	[shell & utilities must be version 3.01]
Sun PC-NFS	3.5	[must use interrupt 3 instead of 5]
Wollongong NFS	2.0	[Windows-based telnet, FTP; include SLIP]

Note that many NFS packages have difficulty with Windows for
Workgroups due to a bug in WfW FindNext implementation; check 
with the vendor to determine whether their NFS implementation 
has a workaround available.
Windows for Workgroups
Accessing Windows for Workgroups drives prior to starting
Windows	92-08-25
Unless you read the documentation very thoroughly, you will get
the impression that you cannot access drives shared using 
Windows for Workgroups (or Windows NT) until you have started 
Windows for Workgroups on your own machine.  However, there is a 
way of accessing the network (as a client only, not as a server) 
even from the DOS level.

To access the network resources, simply enter the command 

net logon /yes

at the DOS prompt.  Omitting the /yes option will still work,
but will ask you whether you are really sure you want to do 
this.  To disconnect the network, enter

net stop /yes

Note that this will use up 100K of your maximum 640K of DOS
memory.
Usin NetBIOS from MS-DOS	94-01-20
You can start NetBIOS (including the NETBEUI protocol) by
entering the following commands before starting Windows:

NET START NETBIND
NET START NETBEUI

You will then have access to NetBIOS even for MS-DOS
applications without using Windows for Workgroups.
Sharing a CD-ROM drive with Windows for Workgroups	92-08-20
To share a CD-ROM drive with Windows for Workgroups, you must
first use MSCDEX (Microsoft CD-ROM Extensions), v. 2.21 or 
later.  If you do not have a more recent version, 2.21 is 
included on your WfWG distribution disks.

In additition, you will need to specify the /s (share) option on
the MSCDEX commandline in roder to allow sharing of the drive.

Finally, depending on how a workstation uses the shared CD-ROM
drive, it may or may not need the MSCDEX installed on that 
station (typically, using the CD-ROM strictly for file access 
will not require the use of MSCDEX).  If you do install MSCDEX 
on workstations, do not specify the /s switch.
Windows for Workgroups with TCP/IP
Microsoft does not officially support using Windows for
Workgroups with TCP/IP.  However, it's possible to use your 
existing TCP/IP protocol with a shared NDIS protocol stack.  
This will allow you to access NFS and TCP/IP (telnet and ftp) as 
usual, but with full Windows for Workgroups functionality 
available as well.  Unfortunately you will generally lose the 
Windows-specific capabilities of your NFS software (such as 
mounting NFS drives from File Manager).

See the following sections for examples of how to set up Windows
for Workgroups with a TCP/IP and NFS-based network.
DEC Pathworks with NDIS	94-01-20
The following example has been tested and is known to work with
Pathworks.  Note that this example does not include the usual 
config.sys options such as device=himem.sys; you can add these 
as usual.

	config.sys
DEVICE=c:\win\protman.dos /i:c:\win
DEVICE=c:\win\depca.dos
DEVICE=c:\decnet\dllndis.exe
DEVICE=c:\win\workgrp.sys

	autoexec.bat
C:\win\net start
c:\decnet\sch /H
c:\decnet\dnneth.exe /LANA:1 /rem:2
c:\decnet\lat

	protocol.ini
 [network.setup]
version=0x3100
netcard=ms$ewtrb,1,MS$EWTRB
transport=ms$netbeui,MS$NETBEUI
lana0=ms$ewtrb,1,ms$netbeui
lana1=ms$ewtrb,1,datalink

[protman]
DriverName=PROTMAN$
PRIORITY=MS$NETBEUI

[MS$EWTRB]
DriverName=DEPCA$
RamAddress=0xD000
MaxMulticast=8
MaxTransmits=16

[MS$NETBEUI]
DriverName=netbeui$
SESSIONS=10
NCBS=32
BINDINGS=MS$EWTRB
LANABASE=0

[DATALINK]
DriverName=dll$mac
Bindings=ms$ewtrb
LG_Buffers=16
SM_Buffers=6
Outstanding=32
Heuristics=0
FTP TCP/IP: general	93-01-20
With FTP's TCP/IP, you will need to set up Windows for
Workgroups to use the NDIS stack (see the Wollongong section 
for a sample protocol.ini); your TCP/IP can be set up as usual, 
using the NDIS protocol stack.  In addition, you will need to 
get a copy of the file wfwftp.386 from FTP; this file corrects 
the FindNext problem with Windows for Workgroups.  Copy this 
file to your system directory, and add the following line to the 
[386Enh] section of your system.ini file:

device=wfwftp.386

Thanks to Sue Youshock Pruyn and Larry Backman at FTP Software.
FTP TCP/IP: NDIS setup	93-04-30
The following example has been tested and is known to work with
PC/TCP.  Note that this example does not include the usual 
config.sys options such as device=himem.sys; you can add these 
as usual.

Thanks to Sue Youshock Pruyn at FTP Software.

	config.sys
device=c:\usr\windows\protman.dos /i:c:\usr\windows
device=c:\usr\windows\workgrp.sys
device=c:\usr\windows\enlkii.dos
device=c:\pctcp\dis_pkt.gup

	autoexec.bat
REM Note that the Microsoft net start command is used instead 
REM of the PC/TCP netbind.exe command.  

c:\usr\windows\net start  
c:\usr\windows\netbeui
c:\pctcp\ethdrv

	protocol.ini
[network.setup]           
version=0x3100
netcard=ms$elnkii,1,MS$ELNKII
transport=ms$netbeui,MS$NETBEUI
lana0=ms$elnkii,1,ms$netbeui

[protman]
DriverName=PROTMAN$
PRIORITY=MS$NETBEUI

[MS$ELNKII]
DriverName=ELNKII$
INTERRUPT=3
IOADDRESS=0x300
MAXTRANSMITS=12
TRANSCEIVER=onboard

[MS$NETBEUI]
DriverName=netbeui$
SESSIONS=10
NCBS=32
BINDINGS=MS$ELNKII
LANABASE=0

[PKTDRV]
DRIVERNAME=PKTDRV$
BINDINGS=MS$ELNKII
INTVEC=0X65
FTP TCP/IP: generic DOS kernel setup	93-04-30
The following example has been tested and is known to work with
PC/TCP.  Note that this example does not include the usual 
config.sys options such as device=himem.sys; you can add these 
as usual.

Thanks to Sue Youshock Pruyn at FTP Software and Juha Petj
<Juha.Petaja@ntc.nokia.com>.

	config.sys
device=c:\usr\windows\protman.dos /i:c:\usr\windows
device=c:\usr\windows\workgrp.sys
device=c:\usr\windows\elnk3.dos
device=c:\usr\windows\msipx.sys
device=c:\pctcp\dis_pkt.gup

	autoexec.bat
REM Note that the Microsoft net start command is used instead 
REM of the PC/TCP netbind.exe command.  
set pctcp=c:\pctcp\pctcp.ini
c:\usr\windows\net start
c:\usr\windows\msipx
c:\usr\windows\netx
c:\pctcp\ethdrv -t 8

	protocol.ini
[network.setup]           
version=0x3100
netcard=ms$elnkii,1,MS$ELNKII
transport=ms$netbeui,MS$NETBEUI
lana0=ms$elnkii,1,ms$netbeui

[protman]
DriverName=PROTMAN$
PRIORITY=MS$NETBEUI

[MS$ELNKII]
DriverName=ELNKII$
INTERRUPT=3
IOADDRESS=0x300
MAXTRANSMITS=12
TRANSCEIVER=onboard

[MS$NETBEUI]
DriverName=netbeui$
SESSIONS=10
NCBS=32
BINDINGS=MS$ELNKII
LANABASE=0

[PKTDRV]
DRIVERNAME=PKTDRV$
BINDINGS=MS$ELNKII
INTVEC=0X65
SunSelect PC-NFS	94-03-19
The following example has been tested and is known to work with
SunSoft PC-NFS 5.0 and Windows for Workgroups 3.11.  Note that 
this example does not include the usual config.sys options such 
as device=himem.sys; you can add these as usual.

Thanks to Farid Rahmi for this information.

	PC-NFS 5.0 or newer is required (5.0b is preferred)
	A patch for multiprotocol NDIS is required (NFS-NDIS.SYS). It
is available from  SunSelect (Compuserve) or by ftp from 
ftp.york.ac.uk (/pub/pc-nfs)
	32-bit File Access should be disabled. Typically, an Invalid
COMMAND.COM message will appear upon exiting Windows for 
Workgroups if it is enabled.
	Western Digital/SMC cards (especially WD/SMC8013 series) might
not work with a multiprotocol setup, even with the patch 
mentioned above. SunSelect and SMC are known to be working on 
resolving this problem.

	config.sys
device=C:\usr\windows\ifshelp.sys

	autoexec.bat
C:\usr\windows\net start

SET TZ=WET0WDT
SET NFSDRIVE=C
SET NFSPATH=C:\usr\nfs
SET TN_DIR=C:\usr\nfs\TELNET

C:\usr\nfs\prt *
C:\usr\nfs\net init
C:\usr\nfs\rtm.exe

	c:\usr\windows\protocol.ini  (not c:\usr\nfs\protocol.ini!)
[network.setup]
version=0x3110
netcard=ms$elnk3,1,MS$ELNK3,3
transport=ms$nwlinknb,NWLINK
transport=ms$ndishlp,MS$NDISHLP
transport=ms$netbeui,NETBEUI
transport=nfs-ndis,NFS-NDIS
lana0=ms$elnk3,1,nfs-ndis
lana1=ms$elnk3,1,ms$nwlinknb
lana2=ms$elnk3,1,ms$ndishlp
lana3=ms$elnk3,1,ms$netbeui

[protman]
DriverName=PROTMAN$
PRIORITY=MS$NDISHLP

[NWLINK]
BINDINGS=MS$ELNK3
lanabase=1

[MS$NDISHLP]
DriverName=ndishlp$
BINDINGS=MS$ELNK3
lanabase=2

[NETBEUI]
DriverName=netbeui$
SESSIONS=10
NCBS=12
BINDINGS=MS$ELNK3
LANABASE=2

[NFS-NDIS]
DriverName=NFSLINK$
BINDINGS=MS$ELNK3
LANABASE=0

[MS$ELNK3]
DriverName=ELNK3$

[ELNK3]
Adapters=MS$ELNK3

The following is NOT supported by SunSelect or Microsoft, so you
are on your own here. Peer to peer services are supposed to be 
used over some kind of NetBIOS implementation, so it is in 
theory possible to run them over something else that the 
(default) NetBEUI protocol provided with WFWG. The reason to 
choose another protocol is that you just might want to access 
resources that are not on your local subnet and therefore you 
need a routable protocol, typically TCP-IP (or IPX for Novell 
fans).

You can use NB.EXE, an RFC 1001-2 implementation shipping with
PCNFS since 5.0 to get access to peer services over NetBIOS. 
The price to pay is performance : transferring files using this 
method between 2 PCs will typically get you between 2 and 
20KB/sec,. This is a PCNFS issue only, but that's the way it is.



To do the trick, get rid of other protocols in the "Network
Setup" utility of WFWG, leaving PCNFS as sole protocol.  Note 
that now that only one protocol is required, the SMC problem 
disappears if you use the NFS-NDIS.SYS provided with the PCNFS 
5.0 box. Do not apply the patch.

Second thing to do is modify AUTOEXEC.BAT like this :

	autoexec.bat
C:\usr\nfs\rtm /heap 64 /segsize 1024
C:\usr\nfs\nb -n 8 -f C:\USR\NFS\NBNAMES

This will start up NetBIOS with 8 sessions at boot time.

Next, create a file to map the NetBIOS names to IP addresses.
This will allow you to use resources which are not on your 
local subnet. The file can be anywhere, such as 
C:\USR\NFS\NBNAMES in the above example.

141.253.2.35   ANNEX5
141.253.2.214	PPC
141.253.1.138  DELL

The ANNEX5 and PPC machines are on the same subnet and have the
same workgroup name (ANNEX), while the DELL machine is both on 
another subnet and has another workgroup name (CASTLE).

To connect resources from DELL, you need to type in the name
manually as \\DELL\ before you can browse its directories and 
files.


Known Limitations

To start with, modifying the number of sockets (RTM /heap 64)
will eat up memory and it might not be possible to load this 
TSR into high memory afterwards. Also, NB.EXE will take away 
another 69KB so you could end up with as little as 400KB of DOS 
memory to start with. Nothing you can do here to have 
substiantial gains, except lowering the number of sockets and  
the number of NetBIOS sessions, which is related. This will 
probably limit you number of peer connections.

As said before, the overhead of NB.EXE is enormous and
transferring large files (1MB) between 2 PC's will easily take 
10 minutes where this would be done in seconds using NetBEUI. 
But for small files, chatting, fax (?),etc... speed might be 
less important than connectivity.

Browsing on the local subnet to find other peer machines might
not give very good results, so on some occasions it might be 
better to type in a known machine name than wait for it to 
appear in the list box.

Last but not least, do not call SunSelect for this. The
installation manual only supports coexistence with NetBEUI, not 
running peer services over NB. Let's hope this changes in future 
releases.
WinQVT/Net	93-04-25
The following example has been tested and is known to work with
WinQVT/Net.  Note that this example does not include the usual 
config.sys options such as device=himem.sys; you can add these 
as usual.

	config.sys
device=C:\usr\windows\protman.dos /i:C:\usr\windows
device=C:\usr\windows\workgrp.sys
device=C:\usr\windows\ne2000.dos
device=c:\usr\windows\dis_pkt.dos
device=C:\usr\windows\msipx.sys


	autoexec.bat
pktint
C:\usr\windows\net start
C:\usr\windows\msipx
C:\usr\windows\netx
REM The next line may or may not be necessary
winpkt 0x61 0x62
 
	protocol.ini
[network.setup]
version=0x3100
netcard=ms$ne2clone,1,MS$NE2CLONE
transport=ms$netbeui,MS$NETBEUI
transport=ms$ipx,MS$IPX
lana0=ms$ne2clone,1,ms$ipx
lana1=ms$ne2clone,1,ms$netbeui


[protman]
DriverName=PROTMAN$
PRIORITY=MS$NETBEUI

[MS$NE2CLONE]
DriverName=MS2000$
IOBASE=0x300
INTERRUPT=3

[PKTDRV]
drivername=pktdrv$
bindings=ms$ne2clone
intvec=0x62
chainvec=0x66

[MS$NETBEUI]
DriverName=netbeui$
SESSIONS=10
NCBS=32
BINDINGS=MS$NE2CLONE
LANABASE=1

[MS$IPX]
DriverName=IPX$
MediaType=Novell/Ethernet
BINDINGS=MS$NE2CLONE

Wollongong Pathway Access/NFS	92-12-30
The following example has been tested and is known to work with
Wollongong's Access TCP/IP and NFS product, and SMC' 8013EP 
network card.  If you are using BW, Sun, FTP or some other 
vendor's software, you will likely need to modify some of the 
driver names and options, and you will definitely need to adapt 
the network card selection and configuration to match yours.  
Note that this example does not include the usual config.sys 
options such as device=himem.sys; you can add these as usual.

Thanks to Ron Olsthoorn at Wollongong Canada.

	config.sys
stacks = 9,256
device = c:\usr\windows\protman.dos /i:c:\usr\windows
device = c:\usr\windows\workgrp.sys
device = c:\usr\windows\smcmac.dos

	autoexec.bat
rem The following line configures Pathway Access to interrupt 65

pwconfig -n:65
c:\usr\pathway\ndis -d:3 -i:A
c:\usr\windows\net start
c:\usr\pathway\pwtcp
c:\usr\pathway\nfs
c:\usr\pathway\mount u:  \\servername\\/u/joeuser

	protocol.ini
[network.setup]
version=0x3100
netcard=ms$w13ep,1,MS$W13EP
transport=ms$netbeui,MS$NETBEUI
lana0=ms$w13ep,1,ms$netbeui

[protman]
DriverName=PROTMAN$
Priority=MS$NETBEUI

[MS$W13EP]
DriverName=SMCMAC$
IRQ=10
RAMAddress=0xC800
IOBase=0x240
ReceiveBufSize=1024

[MS$NETBEUI]
DriverName=netbeui$
Sessions=10
NCBS=32
Bindings=MS$W13EP
LANAbase=0

Novell's NWPOPUP utility won't initialize	92-12-30
If you are running in 386 Enhanced mode, and the version of
nwpopup.exe is dated earlier than 10 March, 1992, nwpopup.exe 
will not initialize properly under Windows 3.1. 

You may also try placing the following line in the [386Enh]
section of your system.ini file:

TimerCriticalSection=10000
	
This increases the amount of time (milliseconds) before the
critical section is timed out.
WINSOCK.DLL-based TCP/IP networking	93-11-16
Winsock.dll is a vendor-specific library that provides a
standardized interface for accessing that vendors proprietary 
TCP/IP network transport layer.  Generally you should contact 
your TCP/IP software vendor to obtain the correct version of 
winsock.dl.

There are, however, two shareware versions of winsock.dll
available, both of which work with the freely available packet 
driver.

Trumpet Winsock
This package was written by Peter Tattam, and works with ODI and
NDIS drivers as well as the Clarkson packet drivers.  It is 
available via ftp as:
ftp.utas.edu.au:/pc/trumpet/winsock

VxDTCP
This package was written by Jagane Sundar, and thanks to its 
VxD-based implementation, is very fst.  It also supports ODI, 
NDIS and packet drivers.  It is available via ftp as:
biochemistry.bioc.cwru.edu:/pub/wintcp
Integrating with Unix e-mail	94-01-24
In general, Windows-nbase email packages will not talk to Unix
hosts over the network (unless you're using Microsoft's LAN 
Manager).  If you wish to use Windows-based email over a TCP/IP 
network, you need an SMTP-compatible email package such as 
Mail-It (from Unipalm Ltd., Cambridge, UK; +44 223 42002; 
tom@unipalm.co.uk ), Cinetic Mail Manager (from Cinetic 
Software, available as shareware), or Wollongongs mail software 
(which is included with their TCP/IP software).
Serial communications

Using COM3 and COM4	92-11-09
This is a generally a problem only in 386 enhanced mode.  To use
these ports, you will need to tell Windows where they are 
located.

For Windows 3.1, you should run the MSD.EXE utility while
outside Windows. This utility will allow you to determine your 
COM port configuration. After running MSD, use the Control 
Panel's Ports utility to tell Windows how your ports are 
configured.

For Windows 3.0, the instructions for doing this can be found in
the Windows readme file sysini2.txt, which should be located in 
your Windows directory.  In summary, what you need to do is tell 
Windows what memory addresses and interrupts (IRQs) your COM3 
and COM4 ports use.  This should work, but is not guaranteed to: 
COM3 and Com4 are not standardized, and this is one of the most 
difficult things to get working with Windows.  If possible, move 
your devices to COM1 or COM2.  

If the port still does not work after specifying the correct IRQ
and memory address for the port, there is another possibile 
solution: Assuming the ports work OK from plain DOS, try setting 
up COM3.OS2 (or COM4.OS2) instead of the usual COM3 or COM4.  
The Windows 3.0 manual says this is just for OS/2 machines, but 
it seems to work for many clones.

Also note that due to interrupt conflicts, machines without an
EISA or Microchannel bus are generally not able to use both 
COM1 and COM3, or COM2 and COM4 simultaneously.

Finally, some video accelerator cards, such as the ATI Vantage
and Ultra series, and the S3 89C911-based cards, use the 
address normally assigned to COM4, preventing you from using 
this port number.
Using a high-performance 16550 serial port	92-09-15
You can use a 16550-based serial card, or upgrade your serial
card to use a 16550 chip instead of an 8250 or 16450 (get the 
16550AFN if you're buying a chip only) to improve Windows serial 
communication performance.  This is most noticeable at 9600+ 
baud rates using advanced protocols such as Zmodem.

If you use a Windows-base communications package, the 16550 is
 automatically enabled.  You can disable it, however, by setting


COMxFIFO=off
in the [386Enh] section of your system.ini file, where x is your
serial port number (1 to 4).
DOS boxes and 16550 serial ports	92-09-28
For DOS-based applications, the use of the 16550 serial port
chip (and its built-in FIFO buffers) is not enabled by default. 
What you need to do is set
COMxBuff=off
in the [386Enh] section of your system.ini file, where x is your
serial port number (1 to 4).  This will disable Windows' 
buffering of that serial port, and allow the DOS app to access 
it directly.  This is not recommended for use with Windows-based 
communication packages!

Another alternative is to use chcomb.386 (replace the
device=*combuff line in the system.ini file with 
device=chcomb.386), a shareware device driver which allows you 
to use a 16550 for both WIndows and DOS applications.
SmartDrive and 16550 high-speed transfers	92-09-27
If you use SmartDrive with Windows 3.1, disk writes are cached
by default.  While this is generally a good idea, this causes a 
problem with high-speed downloads, since SmartDrive turns off 
all interrupts when it is performing the delayed disk write.  
Since the interrupts are turned off, you may lose a packet 
whenever the disk light goes on!  

The easiest workaround is to disable write caching for your 
download drive.
Disk drives and virtual memory

Virtual memory and swapfiles	92-09-19
The type of swapfile you select for running in 386 Enhanced mode
can have a significant impact on your performance within 
Windows.  

If you have 12 MB or more of memory, you should likely disable
swapping completely; this provides substantially better 
performance than either permanent or temporary swapfiles.  You 
may also be able to do this with 8 MB, depending on the size of 
your disk cache and the number of applications (especially DOS 
applications) you run simultaneously.

If you determine that you do need a swapfile, you should usually
use a permanent one.  Permanent swapfiles allow Windows to 
start up much faster than temporary ones, which must be 
recreated every time you start Windows.  Permanent swapfiles, 
however, require contiguous (unfragmented) disk space; you may 
need to compress your disk, using a tool such as Norton 
SpeedDisk or PC Tools first.
Maximum swapfile size	92-09-28
Windows 3.1 determines your virtual memory limit by rounding the
amount of RAM on your system to the nearest 4 MB, multiplying 
by 4, and then subtracting the amount of the system RAM from the 
total.  This is then the maximum amount of virtual memory 
(swapfile size) you can use, provided you have sufficient 
unfragmented hard disk space (see previous section).

The multiplier of 4 is a default that can be changed by using a 


PageOverCommit= 

setting in the [386Enh] section of the system.ini file.  The
multiplier can be from 1 to 20.
Windows 3.x and Stacker	92-11-09
Stacker 2.0 works well with Windows 3.0 and 3.1.  You should,
however, follow the guidelines below for using Stacker with 
Windows:

	Never place a permanent swapfile on a stacked disk.
	Never place a temporary swapfile on a stacked disk.
	Never use SmartDrive to cache the stacked volume
	Do use SmartDrive to cache the unstacked volume containing the
stacked volume
	Place SmartDrive before Stacker in your autoexec.bat

To enhance your memory usage, you may wish to stack your 
RAMdrive to provide additional room for temporary files (such as 
the Print Manager's spool files).

Note: 	Beware that although Stacker will assume that it can
compress your data to provide 2x the physical storage capacity, 
it cannot guarantee that, and placing your temporary files on a 
stacked drive (whether a disk drive or a RAMdrive) may cause the 
stacked drive to run out of room unexpectedly if the compression 
ratio does not reach 2x (you may wish to read up on this in your 
Stacker documentation).  If this happens, Windows will 
experience a catastrophic disk error  and I think we can all 
agree that that's not a pleasant experience!
SCSI controllers
If you have a bus-mastering SCSI adapter such as the Adaptec
1542, you should be installing the aspi4dos.sys ASPI driver 
(provided with your controller, or available from Adaptec's BBS 
at (408) 945-7727) as the first device in your config.sys.  
Using the ASPI driver drops the requirement for SmartDrive 
descrivbed below.

Normally, in 386 enhanced mode, Windows 3.x supports only
ST-506, ESDI and IDE disk controllers.  If you have a SCSI 
controller, you need to load SmartDrive in order to allow 
Windows to recognize your hard disk  and with Windows 3.1, you 
should use the /double_buffer option (see the next section).  Do 
not disable double buffering in a bus-mastering SCSI drive 
unless you're using the ASPI driver described above.

As a third alternative, you may insert the following line in
your system.ini file, in the [386enh] section:
VirtualHDIRQ=off

Finally, some people report having problems with permanent
swapfiles on SCSI drives using Windows 3.0.  
SmartDrive double buffering on SCSI drives	92-12-30
When you install WIndows 3.1 on a system with a SCSI drive, it
automatically adds the line

device=c:\usr\windows\smartdrv.exe /double_buffer

to your config.sys.  To determine whether you actually need
double buffering, run SmartDrive again from the command line to 
check on its status.  Typically, the initial display would be 
similar to the one below:

Microsoft SMARTDrive Disk Cache version 4.0
Copyright 1991,1992 Microsoft Corp.

Cache size: 1,048,576 bytes
Cache size while running Windows: 1,048,576 bytes

            Disk Caching Status
drive   read cache   write cache   buffering
--------------------------------------------
  A:       yes           no           no
  B:       yes           no           no
  C:       yes           yes          -

For help, type "Smartdrv /?".

Here SmartDrive has not yet determined whether double buffering
is necessary or not.  To force SmartDrive to make up its mind, 
run two simultaneous DOS sessions from within Windows, and do 
some disk accessing from each.  After this, SmartDrive should be 
able to determine the need for double buffering.  If the double 
buffering is not required, the display will be similar to the 
one below:

Microsoft SMARTDrive Disk Cache version 4.0
Copyright 1991,1992 Microsoft Corp.

Cache size: 1,048,576 bytes
Cache size while running Windows: 1,048,576 bytes

            Disk Caching Status
drive   read cache   write cache   buffering
--------------------------------------------
  A:       yes           no           no
  B:       yes           no           no
  C:       yes           yes          no

For help, type "Smartdrv /?".

If this is the case, you can remove the SmartDrive line from
your config.sys. 
Windows 3.x and large hard disks
In rare cases, there are problems with using Windows 3.0 on
large hard disks.  Your system may be at risk if:

	You are using third-party partitioning software, such as:
	Disk Manager (dmdrv.bin)
	InnerSpace (edvr.sys)
	SpeedStor (sstor.sys or hardrive.sys)
	Vfeatures Deluxe (fixt_drv.sys)
	and you are using SmartDrive (smartdrv.sys) as your disk cache

	and your hard disk has more than 1023 cylinders

If your hard disk has fewer than 1024 cylinders, you may still
be at risk if the first two conditions hold true, you are using 
DOS 3.30 or later, and your hard disk is not supported by your 
BIOS.  To avoid problems, you can either stop using SmartDrive, 
or reformat your disk using the DOS FDISK utility.

There are no problems with large partitions created by the FDISK
program included with MS-DOS 4.0 and some versions of MS-DOS 
3.3.

If you are still having problems, call Microsoft Technical
Support at (206) 454-2030.
Troubleshooting
One essential tool for troubleshooting Windows 3.x problems is
Microsoft's Windows Resource Toolkit.  This combination of a 
comprehensive reference and some utility tools is priced at 
around $30, and can't be beat for value.  If you are responsible 
for keeping a number of Windows systems running, run, don't 
walk, to the nearest phone and order it now!

The toolkit is also freely available in Word for Windows format
from ftp.cica.indiana.edu (and its mirror sites); while this 
version is complete, it is large, and will take significant time 
to ftp and download (not to mention print!).
BMP wallpaper won't display correctly
Some of the possible reasons are:

	Your .bmp file is corrupted.  Try reading it into Paintbrush
to verify that it is readable.
	You are trying to display a bitmap with more colors than your
video driver supports for example, 256 colors with a 16-color 
driver, or 16M colors with a 256-color driver).
	You have insufficient memory to display the bitmap.  A
800x600x16 bitmap requires 256K of memory; 1024x768x256 would 
require 768K!

For 256-to-16 color dithering, you may try using a utility such
as PaintShop Pro.
Frequent GPFs (General Protection Faults)
If you are experiencing frequent Windows 3.1 crashes, try
starting Windows with the command
win /d:xsv

If the GPFs do not appear, add the line
VirtualHDIRQ=off
to the [386Enh] section of your system.ini file.  If the GPFs
contine, try
win /d:xs

If the GPFs do not appear, add the line
SystemROMBreakPoint=false
to the [386Enh] section of your system.ini file.  If the GPFs
contine, try
win /d:x

If the GPFs do not appear, add the line
EMMExclude=A000-EFFF
to the [386Enh] section of your system.ini file.  While this will
get Windows running more reliably, you should probably try to 
narrow down the range of memory that actually has to be 
excluded.
File Manager won't format floppies
If you are having trouble formatting floppies from File Manager,
try adding one or more 
DEVICE=DRIVER.SYS /D:# /F:#
lines to your config.sys; see your DOS manual for details.
Incorrect system version; reinstall the 386 enhanced version of
Windows	93-01-29
If you get the above message when starting a DOS session, you are
experiencing one of three potential problems:

	You are using a display driver written for Windows 3.0. 
Updating it to a 3.1 compatible version  should make the 
problem disappear.

	Your display card selection is not consistent: the
display.drv=, 386Grabber= and display= selections in your 
system.ini may not be consistent with each other.  Use setup to 
install a fresh set of display drivers from the original 
distribution diskettes.

	Your winoa386.mod driver (in your system directory) may be out
of date.  If that file's date is earlier than win386.exe, use 
the expand command to get a new copy of winoa386.mod from your 
original Windows diskettes.
Mouse hangs when using communications software
This problem is usually caused by a mouse and a modem being on
the same serial port pair (either COM1/COM3, or COM2/COM4).  
Each pair shares a common interrupt due to restrictions of the 
original IBM PC architecture, and so can not be used 
simultaneously.

If you are experiencing this problem, you should move either
your modem or mouse a different serial port.
Object Linking and Embedding (OLE 2.0) does not work	93-12-05
The early versions of the OLE libraries shipped with
applications such as CorelDraw! had some deficiencies; if you 
are experiencing difficulties with using OLE, contact your 
application vendor for an OLE update.

Also, you should make sure you are running SHARE if you intend
to use OLE 2.0; this is required for correct operation.
Parity errors with Windows 3.1	92-09-19
Parity errors are real, and detected reliably by Windows 3.1
(Windows 3.0 ignored them for the most part).  Unfortunately 
most memory test programs do not properly test 32-bit memory 
accesses, and thus do not detect all possible memory problems.  
Environments such as Windows 3.1, Windows NT, Unix, Xenix and 
OS/2 2.0, however, do exercise this aspect  and, as a result, 
report memory problems where the memory testers don't catch 
them.

Below are some of the possible causes for parity errors, in
approximate order of likelyhood:
	Defective memory module
	80ns memory where 70ns is required
	Two different speeds of memory modules
	DMA or memory conflicts
	Outdated BIOS
	Defective DMA on the CPU chip

If you're willing to play with fire and gasoline (if, for
example, you have 8-bit memory with no parity bit), you can 
disable parity checking by removing or commenting out the 
following line in the [386Enh] section of your system.ini file:

device=*parity

Note that this will disable your parity checking completely and
may cause unexpected crashes or errors if your memory has 
parity errors!
Performance deterioration in a 386 Enhanced mode DOS session
The most likely cause of this type of a problem is slow memory. 
If your onboard memory is accessed with basically no wait 
states, but you have a slower memory expansion card, your 
machine will run slower whenever it is using those higher memory 
addresses.  This will generally happen when you start a DOS 
session, and often result in 30-50% performance reductions using 
various benchmarks.  The performance is actually also reduced 
within Windows, but it's difficult to notice this due to the 
lack of a suitable benchmark.  The proper cure for this problem 
is to either upgrade your memory expansion card, or to correct 
whatever problem is causing your machine to access extended 
memory with such poor problem.

DOS application performace is also degraded by using a .PIF file
(such as the default .PIF) with the Monitor Ports option 
enabled, but to a much smaller degree.  With Monitor Ports 
disabled, DOS session performance should be within 5-10% of the 
performance under bare DOS.
Problems creating a permanent swapfile in Windows 3.0
First of all, you must be running in real mode to be able to
create a permanent swapfile.   Second, You must not have any 
SUBSTed drives or Windows won't create the swapfile.  Once the 
swapfile has been created, you can re-SUBST your drives 
(although the use of SUBST is not recommended in general).  You 
also can't create a permanent swapfile on a drive partitioned 
with third-party software such as SpeedStor.  

If you are installing on a Novell client, you must first disable
the receive network messages feature (using the network icon in 
the Control Panel) and reboot.  Once you have installed the 
swapfile, turn messages back on again.
Program Manager claims only 8 KB of free memory	92-12-30
In Windows 3.1, it is possible that Program Manager (and other
Windows 3.1 programs) will claim that you have only 8 KB memory 
when you really have 8 MB (that is, it chops off the kilobytes 
part and displays only megabytes  but with "KB" after the 
figure).

This is caused by a null thousands separator in Control Panel's
International settings.  Set the
separator to either blank or some character to restore correct
behaviour.
Using a slow expansion memory board with Windows	92-11-11
If some of your memory is on a slower memory expansion board
(such as a standard ISA bus memory board, operating at 8 MHz in 
a 33 MHz system, you may experience serious performance 
deterioration as soon as Windows starts using the slower memory 
on the expansion board.  (For example, see section Performance 
deterioration in a 386 Enhanced mode DOS session.)

Unfortunately Windows 3.1 does not allow you to specify memory
ranges to be used for a RAMdisk or disk cache, and thus you 
can't control which memory gets used first.  In this case, the 
best solution is to use QEMM-386, which allows you to do just 
that.  Place your RAMdisk and disk cache in the slow memory 
(they will not suffer a significant performance drop), and leave 
the fast memory on the motherboard available for Windows' use.
Windows 3.0 refuses to run without a file called WINA20.386
Quoting from the MS-DOS 5.0 readme.txt file:

4.3 WINA20.386 File

Setup installs a read-only file named WINA20.386 in your root
directory.  If you move the WINA20.386 file to a different 
directory, do the following:
	Add a SWITCHES=/W command to your CONFIG.SYS file.
	Add a DEVICE=[drive:][path]]WINA20.386 command to the [386Enh]
section of your Windows system.ini file.

Windows 3.1 does not require this file to be present.
Windows 3.1 hangs or crashes during startup
Try starting Windows with the command line 
win /b

If it repeats the same crash or hang, take a look at the file
bootlog.txt in your Windows directory.  It will have two lines 
such as 
LoadStart = SYSTEM.DRV
and
LoadSuccess = SYSTEM.DRV
for every driver succesfully loaded; the culprit driver will
show a line such as
LoadFail = WIN3-64S.DRV Failure code is 05

If it's a standard Windows driver, try reloading it from
diskettes; otherwise, for a third-party driver, try to locate 
an updated driver either from cica, your supplier or direct from 
the manufacturer.
Windows 3.1 hangs or waits a long time on exit
Windows 3.1 tries to reset the mouse driver on exit, and some
IBM PS/2 models have great difficulty with this procedure, 
timing out only after an extended wait.  In order to avoid the 
problem, add the line

InitPS2MouseAtExit=False

to the [386Enh] section of your system.ini file.
Windows 3.1 Resource Kit won't install
The most common WRK installation problem is an excessively long
path.  If you have problems, try reducing the length of your 
path for the installation, and you should be OK.
Windows 3.x waits a long time on startup
One possible reason is the use of a serial mouse on COM2 instead
of COM1.  If you have a serial mouse, Windows will first 
attempt to find it (with great persistence) on COM1, before it 
looks on COM2.  If your mouse is on COM2, move it to COM1.

Using a temporary swapfile instead of a permanent one for 386
enhanced mode also slows down the startup process, but not to 
even nearly the same extent as the serial mouse problem.

With Windows 3.0, it has also been reported that adding too many
fonts through the Control Panel will drastically slow down the 
startup, and with both Windows 3.0 and 3.1, a very large number 
of ATM fonts will also slow down the startup process.
Windows for Workgroups 3.11 claims ports are in use	94-02-25
In some cases upgrading Windows for Workgroups 3.11 over Windows
3.1 does not update your system.ini file correctly.  If you are 
getting this error when attempting to print or use a serial 
port, check to see that the following lines are in the [386Enh] 
section of your system.ini, and add them if necessary:
device=serial.386
device=vcomm.386
device=lpt.386
Windows and DOS

Configuring DOS sessions

DOS in a window
You can run a both the standard DOS command interpreter
(command.com) and other DOS applications from within Windows.  
In Real mode, you are limited to a single session.  In Standard 
mode, you can have multiple sessions, but they must still run 
full-screen.  In 386 Enhanced mode, you can have multiple 
sessions, and they can run in a window.

You can control the starting up in a window vs. full-screen by
setting up a .pif file for the program (command.com  or any 
other DOS program).  You canalso switch the state by pressing 
Alt+Enter.
Lotus 1-2-3 in Windows
Lotus 1-2-3, versions 1.x, 2.x and 3.1 run in all modes, but do
not support any of the features of the Windows environment.  
For all intents and purposes, version 3.0 doesn't run under 
Windows.

If you want to use a spreadsheet in the Windows environment,
however, you will be best off buying a real Windows spreadsheet 
such as Excel, WingZ, CACompete! or even 1-2-3 for Windows.
Reducing the amount of "jerkiness" in DOS window updating
Windows 3.1 updates the DOS windows by default every 50 ms.  To 
increase the update frequency, specify another update interval 
(such as 20 ms) by adding a line to the [386Enh] section of 
system.ini:

WindowUpdateTime=20

A smaller interval will provide smoother updates but impose a
higher load on the system.
Extended memory in DOS sessions
After you run Windows, a utility such as Norton SI will often
report that you don't have any extended memory.  This is not a 
bug, but rather a result of the Windows memory management 
system..  Windows requires applications to access extended 
memory using one of two mechanisms, known as "XMS" and "DPMI".  
These mechanism are implemented in himem.sys and emm386.exe.  If 
you have device=himem.sys in your config.sys, the first XMS call 
(by Windows or SmartDrive, for example) will transfer control of 
the extended memory to himem.sys, and thus make it inaccessible 
to non-XMS/non-DPMI applications.
Changing the font size for a DOS window 
All video drivers updated for Windows 3.1 allow on-the-fly font
changes; to get the same functionality using older 3.0 drivers 
(in Windows 3.1), add the line

FontChangeEnable=1

to the [NonWindowsApp] section of the system.ini file.  If you
experience strange cursor behaviour or missing characters, 
remove the line from your system.ini.  There are also alternate 
Windows 3.0 DOS fonts available at ftp.cica.indiana.edu.
Changing the number of lines inr a DOS window
To use more than 25 lines in a DOS window, add the line

ScreenLines=50

to the [NonWindowsApp] section of the system.ini file.  If your
screen doesn't quite fit 50 lines in a DOS window with a decent 
font, you may want to follow this procedure:
	Use a VGA font editor (such as VFONT) to create a DOS VGA
screen font with more than 25 lines.
	Start up a DOS session (in a window)
	In that window, change the font (and thus screen size) to your
new font/size.  Voila!
Mouse in a DOS window
In Windows 3.0, if you are running a DOS application in a
window, Windows will retain control of the mouse for cutting 
and pasting.  You can use a mouse in a full-screen DOS session 
if you install a mouse driver by running mouse.com (either 
before starting Windows, or inside the DOS session), or by 
including

device=mouse.sys

in your config.sys file. If you're running WordPerfect 5.1
inside Windows, WordPerfect must be started full-screen in 
order to detect the mouse.  Once it has started, you can use 
Alt+Enter to run in a window, if you wish.

In Windows 3.1, the mouse will automatically work in a DOS
window if you have a video driver which has been updated for 
3.1.  Old 3.0 drivers do work, but they do not by default 
provide mouse functionality inside DOS windows, although you can 
force them to do so by adding the line 

MouseinDosBox=1

to the [NonWindowsApp] section of the system.ini file.

If you have a Microsoft mouse, you should use the mouse driver
version 8.20, included on the Windows 3.1 disks, named 
mouse.co_ and mouse.sy_. Expand these files using expand.exe 
(also included on the disks) before using them.
TSRs in DOS sessions
Some TSR (Terminate and Stay Resident) programs will not work if
you install them before running Windows.  Some of them will not 
work if you install them inside a DOS session.  Generally the 
best idea is to avoid TSRs completely unless you absolutely have 
to have them.
See also the description of winstart.bat in the Windows *.txt
files.
VGA graphics in a windowed DOS session
Windows 3.1 will support VGA graphics in a windows DOS session
if you have the correct display driver.  True Windows 3.1 
display drivers (such as the standard SuperVGA driver) will do 
this, but some partial implementations may not.
Troubleshooting DOS applications

Can't run VGA graphics in a window	93-07-15
If you can't run DOS-based VGA graphics programs in a window you
are probably seeing the message "You cannot run this 
application while another high-resolution application is running 
full screen".  The "other" application is, in fact, Windows 
itself.  

In this case, you need to reduce the resolution of your Windows
desktop (possibly down to the basic VGA 640x480x16) in order to 
free enough video memory to allow the other application to run 
VGA graphics simultaneously with Windows.  You may also have to 
add memory to your video card.                               
                                                                 

The plain VGA VDD (device=*vddvga) assumes that you have 256K on
your display card.  You can explicitly override this assumption 
by adding, for example, the line

SVGAMemory=512

to the [386Enh] section of your system.ini.  This trick is known
to work only if your display driver is using device=*vddvga; 
contact your video card supplier for a workaround for 
workarounds fpr custom VDD devices.
Corrupted diskettes when copying files in a DOS session
If you are getting corrupted diskettes with a 0xff as every
other byte when copying files to a floppy within a DOS session, 
the most likely cause is an expansion board using the same 
memory area also used by Windows for EMM. You should check that 
you EMMExclude all areas used by your cards.
The Video-7 1024 SVGA board needs a more radical measure: you
need to change a jumper to do all ROM decoding in c000 - c7ff, 
and change a DIP switch to force 8-bit ROM access.
High color and true color modes run out of resources	94-01-20
When using high color (16 bits, or 65,536 colors) or true color
(24 bits, or 16.7M colors), Windows needs 2x-4x as much 
resources for each of the icons you display.  This conflicts 
with Program Manager's liberal use of icons for programs and 
groups.  Other Windows shells are often more frugal with their 
use of icons.

If you need to use high color or true color, and want to keep
using Program Manager, reduce the number of groups, and keep no 
more than 15 icons in each group.
Out of Environment Space
When Windows starts up a DOS session, it by default gives it an
environment
of 224 bytes, or the space required to hold your current
environment, whichever is larger.  If you need more space, 
there are two methods of circumventing this.  In order of 
desirability:

	 Use a .pif file for each DOS application you run
	In this you can specify the environment size by using the
/e:nnn option (see your DOS manual).  You will need a separate 
.pif file for each program (although in Windows 3.1 you can 
create a _default.pif, which is used by all DOS applications 
which do not have their own .pif files).  You can just create a 
command.pif with a suitable /e:nnn, and then specify in the 
win.ini a line such as

[Extensions]
bat=command.pif ^.bat        // for DOS users
ksh=sh.exe ^.ksh             // for MKS users

	With this, you can create batch file icons freely, and still
get the options specified in command.pif or sh.pif.

	Use a dummy variable
	By specifying a dummy variable (such as DUMMY1=xxxxx...) 
before starting Windows, you can reserve some space in the 
environment.  Then, as the first thing in each command.com 
session, do

set DUMMY1=

	to reclaim the space used by DUMMY1 for use by other
environment variables.
Protected-mode software
Some protected-mode applications currently on the market still
use an older extended memory interface called VCPI (Virtual 
Control Program Interface), which is incompatible with Windows' 
DPMI (DOS Protected Mode Interface).  Microsoft went against an 
established standard in choosing DPMI, but there are valid 
technical reasons why VCPI was not chosen for Windows.

At this point, you have three choices:

	Run your protected-mode software under DOS
	This means that you must NOT use Windows or SmartDrive before
running your VCPI software, and may require you to have two 
different config.sys files.

	Plead with your software developer
	Call up the software vendor and ask them whether they are
developing either a Windows-based version, or, at the minimum, 
one which uses DPMI instead of VCPI.  They should already be 
working on it anyway, given the momentum and market share that 
Windows 3.x has.

	Buy QEMM/386 or 386Max
	Both of these packages provide VCPI.  You'll be able to run 
your protected-mode software as well as Windows 3.0 and 3.1.
DOS shells and extenders

QEMM/386 and DesqView/386
You can use versions 5.0 of QEMM/386 and below with real-mode
Windows 3.0 only.  However, QEMM/386, versions 5.1 and higher, 
provides XMS services for Windows, thus allowing Windows to run 
in all modes under QEMM/386, plus providing compatability with 
VCPI applications. 

Windows will run in Standard (Windows 3.0 and 3.1) and Real (3.0
only) modes as a DesqView/386 task.

MKS Toolkit: setting up
There are two possible problems with running Windows from the
MKS Toolkit. First, with versions up to and including 3.1c of 
the Toolkit, the use of login.exe precludes the use of Windows 
3.0 in any but the real mode.  To avoid this, have your machine 
boot directly into the Korn shell or command.com (you may use 
init.exe if you wish).

Second, somebody at Microsoft had a brain fade, and Windows gets
confused if it is started with a forward slash path.  Thus, if 
you simply type "win" in Korn shell, the shell invokes Windows 
with something like

c:/usr/windows/win.com

and Windows doesn't know where to find itself!  To cure this,
specify a shell alias for Windows: I use

alias -x win='c:\\usr\\windows\\win.com'

Note that the double backslashes are necessary for the Korn
shell, even inside the single quotes.

The newer versions of MKS Toolkit allow (standard and 386
enhanced mode) Windows to run directly from the login: prompt; 
but they still won't let you run standard/386 enhanced Windows 
from the shell (if you used login). An updated version of 
init.exe is available from MKS for users of older versions of 
the MKS Toolkit.
MKS Toolkit: maximizing DOS session memory
If you run MKS Toolkit by starting up init.exe from config.sys,
and then starting the shell from /etc/inittab, you will likely 
find that there isn't much memory available in the DOS (shell) 
sessions you start from inside Windows.

One way to address this is to start up Windows immediately upon
booting, avoiding loading the shell into the valuable DOS low 
memory.  There are at least two ways of doing this cleanly:

	As the last line in your profile.ksh, add the command

exec c:\\windows\\win.com

	(or whatever the path is to your Windows directory).  Using the
exec command retains the environment you have set up in your 
profile.ksh and environ.ksh files, but overlays the shell memory 
with Windows, avoiding memory loss.

	Since the startup script executes Windows at the end, make sure
that you so not run sh -L from Windows, as this would attempt 
to restart Windows.

	Given that command.com  uses much less memory than the shell,
you can specify (as the last line in /etc/inittab, instead of 
starting up the shell) the following:

ms;35;respawn;c:/dos/command.com /c c:\etc\init.bat

	Then, in /etc/init.bat, specify all your essential environment
variables, and as the last line start up Windows.  This method 
wastest a few kilobytes of low memory compared to hte first one, 
but allows you run sh -L without risk.
MS-SH
The basic problem is the MS-SH swap setting.  In Real mode, you
will need to use swap disk.  In Standard mode, you can also use 
swap extend, but you will have to specify at least 200K of XMS 
memory in the MS-SH .pif file. Alternatively, if you are using 
Standard or 386 Enhanced mode, you can use swap ems, but again 
you will need to specify at least 200K of EMS memory in your 
.pif file.  

A bug in the current (as of this writing) version of MS-SH
prevents swap extend from working in 386 enhanced mode; MS-SH 
will always crash with a panic error.  With Windows 3.1, swap 
xms works as intended, and is the appropriate setting.
Windows Tips, Tricks and Secrets

General

Automatically opening applications on startup, with predefined
window positions	93-04-30
You can load applications automatically in two ways:

	By adding them to the Startup group in Windows 3.1 Program
Manager. To run start them as icons, check the Run iconized 
checkbox in the File  Properties dialog for the program.

	By specifying them on the load= or run= line in win.ini.  
This will load the specified applications, respectively, either 
with their default window sizes, or as icons.

If you need specific window sizes or positions, you will need to
use another utility, either shareware package (such as TopDesk, 
Layout, Command Post or Aporia) or a commercial one (such as 
Batchworks, Bridge or NewWave).  TopDesk is included in the 
Windows Resource Kit.
Changing or bypassing the startup logo
To bypass the logo, you can start Windows with the command line
such as

win :

Be warned, however, that some people have had problems with
this.  Also, skipping the startup logo does not significantly 
speed up the Windows startup process.

To change the logo to something else, you need to first create a
.RLE file (using a graphics utility package), with no more than 
16 colours, and not exceeding the VGA 640x480 screen resolution, 
and no more than 64K in size. Once you have this file, called, 
say, mylogo.rle, enter the following command in your system 
subdirectory:

copy win.cnf/B+vgalogo.lgo/B+mylogo.rle/B win.com

If you use CGA or EGA, limit the .RLE file to the appropriate
resolution, and replace the vgalogo above with cgalogo or 
egalogo.
Changing the font used for the icon labels
To use 10-point Arial (substitute your own favorite below), add
the following two lines to your [Desktop] section of your 
win.ini file:

IconTitleFacename=Arial
IconTitleSize=10

A shareware Control Panel utility, More Control also gives you
control over the icon fonts.
Disabling the network warnings on startup	93-08-15
Normally Windows will warn you on startup if it is unable to
connect to the network you have set up.  You can disable this 
warning by adding the following line to the [Windows] section of 
your win.ini file:
NetWarn=0
Limiting the size of the temporary swap file
In Windows 3.1, you can add a line such as

MinUserDiskSpace=4096

to the [386Enh] section of the system.ini file to limit the
temporary swap file's size.  The above line doesn't actually 
set the size of the swap file, but rather limits its growth to 
always retain at least 4096 KB (4 MB) of available disk space 
for your and your applications' own use.
Making Windows 3.x act like 2.x runtime
The Windows 2.x runtime version would start Windows from the DOS
prompt, and exit back to DOS when you exit the application.

You can do this as follows (the example is for Excel; others are
similar):

	Create a new directory called c:\excel (it doesn't have to be
distinct; it could be your normal Excel directory, as long as 
it's not the main Windows 3.x directory).

	Copy the following to the new directory from the Windows
directory:
			win.com
			win.ini
			system.ini

	In the new directory modify the [boot] section of system.ini
by changing the shell= line to point to the one and only 
program you want to run.  The original line should read:

	shell=progman.exe

	and the modified line should be something like: 

	shell=c:\excel\excel.exe

	Remember to type the complete fileid of the program to be
executed, including the .exe suffix.

	To execute the dedicated Windows session just put the new
directory ahead of the normal Windows directory in your path 
and issue the 'win' command, or start Windows with the command 
'c:\excel\win'.  What we're doing here is making Windows think 
it's running on a network where the actual executable files etc. 
are on a network server, and only the basic control files (and 
win.com) are on the user's local disk.

Note that this technique isolates any changes in win.ini and
system.ini made in the dedicated task from any changes made in 
normal Windows; this may or may not be desirable.  If you need 
to keep the two flavors of Windows in sync you'll have to 
provide an outboard copy function to refresh the files.
Printing PostScript files without a PostScript printer
To print PostScript files on a printer without PostScript,
you'll need to get a third-party PostScript interpreter.  One 
such product is GhostScript, available free from the GNU 
project.  The current version, 2.52, can be found by ftp as 
/mirrors/msdos/postscript/gs252win.zip  on wuarchive.
Search path in Windows
In addition to the standard MS-DOS search path, Windows will
also search the Windows and system directories.  In general, 
the search order is as follows:

	 Current directory on current drive
	 Windows directory
	 System directory
	 MS-DOS search path
	 Current directory on network drives
Swapping the Ctrl and CapsLock keys
One method is to use the public domain program CCSwap, written
by David Michmerhuizen.  You can find this as swap10.zip at 
your favorite FTP site,

Alternately, you may be able to use a different keyboard driver.
A good one comes with the distribution of Kermit for Windows, 
available either from cica or from the official Kermit archive 
at watsun.cc.columbia.edu.
Minimizing Windows disk space usage	93-10-15
Although Windows 3.1 takes a fairly large amount of disk space
when installed, it is possible to pare it down a couple of 
megabytes in order to run on a system (such as a notebook) with 
limited hard disk space.  You will need to do a normal install 
first, and then delete all but the bare essentials from the 
Windows directory.

The following sample setup is for a 386-based notebook with a
VGA display; thanks to Simon Tooke <simon@sco.com> for coming 
up with this.  Note that the setup does not include File Manager 
or Print Manager; add them if you expect to need them.

Filename	Size
control.exe	15872	
control.ini	4124	
dosapp.ini	42	
main.grp	1516	
progman.exe	115312	
progman.ini	101	
reg.dat	352	
system.ini	1759	
system/citoh.drv	4720	
system/comm.drv	9280	
system/commdlg.dll	89248	
system/control.inf	20993	
system/ddeml.dll	36864	
system/dosapp.fon	36656	
system/gdi.exe	220800	
system/keyboard.drv	7568	
system/krnl386.exe	75490	
system/lmouse.dll	45792	
system/lmouse.drv	14352	
system/lvmd.386	9705	
system/lzexpand.dll	9936	
system/main.cpl	148560	
system/shell.dll	41600	
system/sound.drv	3440	
system/system.drv	2304	
system/tty.drv	30496	
system/unidrv.dll	119296	
system/user.exe	264016	
system/ver.dll	9008	
system/vga.3gr	16384	
system/vga.drv	73200	
system/vgafix.fon	5360	
system/vgaoem.fon	5168	
system/vgasys.fon	7280	
system/win386.exe	544789	
system/winoa386.mod	49248	
win.com	44170	
win.ini	3445	
Total	2088246
VT100 emulation for Windows	93-07-15
There are two free options available for VT100 emulation:
Windows Terminal and WinKermit.  Each has its downfalls, and 
your other option is a commercial terminal emulator, a number of 
which are described in the Available WIndows Applications 
section of this document.

If you're looking at VT100 emulation over TCP/IP, you might also
consider NCSA WinTelnet, which is also free.
Program Manager

Assigning a hotkey to Program Manager	93-06-15
To assign a hotkey to Program Manager itself, add Program
Manager to the Startup group (it will not actually start a 
second copy), and assign it a hotkey.
Changing the font used for the icon labels	92-09-19
To use 10-point Arial (substitute your own favorite below), add
the following two lines to your [Desktop] section of your 
win.ini file:

Icontitlefacename=Arial
Icontitlesize=10

A shareware Control Panel utility, More Control also gives you
control over the icon fonts.
Changing the program icon
Choose the item in Program Manager, and then select File
Properties. Click on Icon..., and then enter the name of the 
file containing the new icon.  

If the icon file is a .DLL or .EXE containing multiple icons,
you can either scroll though the available icons (in Windows 
3.1) or cycle through them by clicking Next Icon (Windows 3.0).  
After selecting the correct icon, click OK, and then OK again.  
You can also use icons from other programs by the same method: 
just specify the name of the .exe file instead of an .ICO or 
.DLL file.

The icon that is displayed by the application when it is
minimized is controlled by the application.  It is not normally 
possible to change that; however, several workarounds exist for 
changing the icons of running DOS applications.  

	Windows 3.1 will display the selected Program Manager icon for
each running DOS application.
	In Windows 3.0 you can use the iinject or puticon utility to
replace the standard DOS icon, which is contained in 
winoa286.mod and/or winoa386.mod.  
	The IconFixer utility monitors your DOS applicationsin Windows
3.0, and updates their icons as you minimize them, allowing you 
to have different icons for different DOS applications. 

 All three utilities are available from ftp.cica.indiana.edu.
Changing the title of the Program Manager window	92-09-28
In Windows 3.1, you can specify the title of the Program Manager
window by adding a Program Manager icon to your Startup group.  
Windows will not start up a second copy of Program Manager, but 
will use the title you specify in File  Properties for the 
icon.
Converting documents to PostScript format	93-03-01
There is a very simple way to convert documents of all types to
PostScript format: simply select the PostScript printer driver 
from the Control Panel, and set the printer connection to FILE: 
.  Then, usign your application, print the file to the 
PostScript printer, and enter the name of the PostScript output 
file.
Creating your own icons	92-09-28
You can create your own custom icons with either IconDraw
(shareware), Icon12 (shareware), Tamr11 (shareware), SDKPaint 
(a part of the Windows SDK) or Resource Workshop (a part of 
Borland C++).  Simply draw your icon, and save it as an .ICO 
file.
Creating your own wallpaper
You can save a .msp file as a .bmp from Windows Paintbrush.  You
can convert a .gif file to a .bmp using the gif2bmp utility 
from cica.  wingif will also do a good conversion, including 
dithering 256-color images to 16 colors (rescale before 
dithering!).  A third, and the most flexible, conversion program 
is PaintShop Pro, which will do color conversions (16M, 32K, 256 
and 16 colors), many format conversions, scaling and clipping.  
Both wingif and PaintShop Pro are shareware, and available at 
ftp.cica.indiana.edu.

A JPEG-format file can also be converted to a wallpaper bitmap
by first uncompressing it with the cjpeg/djpeg utility (free, 
available at wuarchive.wustl.edu and other sites) to a .gif, and 
then using one of the utilities above to convert the .gif to a 
.bmp.
Previewing PostScript output	93-07-15
To preview PostScript output on Windows, you can use Ghostview
and/or Ghostscript, a free utility from the GNU project.  The 
current version can be found on ftp.cica.indiana.edu and other 
archive sites as GSxxxWIN.ZIP where xxx is the version number 
(which changes frequently).
Restricting the Program Manager	93-01-02
If you want to prevent a user from changing the Program Manager
configuration, you can insert a combination of the following 
lines into the [Restrictions] section of progman.ini:

NoRun=1	Disables the Run command
NoClose=1	Disables the Exit Windows command
NoSaveSettings=1	Disables the Save Settings command
NoFileMenu=1	Removes the File menu
EditLevel=(see below)	Sets the edit restriction level

The following are the EditLevel restrictions:
1	Disables creating,deleting and renaming groups
2	As 1, plus disables creation/deletion of program items
3	As 2, plus disables changing program item command lines
4	As 3, plus disables changing program information

If you boot directly into Windows (and restart it immediately on
exit), don't allow any unrestricted DOS sessions from Program 
Manager, and make progman.ini read-only, you can accomplish a 
reasonable level of protection from users changing their 
configuration.
Saving Program Manager settings without exiting Windows	93-03-01
In Windows 3.0, the trick is to try to select File  Exit with a
DOS sessionactive; Windows will save the settings, and then 
refuse to exit.  

In Windows 3.1, you can press Alt+Shift+F4 at any time (while
you are in Program Manager) to save the settings  or hold down 
the Shift key while you double-click Program Manager's close 
box.
Starting Windows without activating the applications in the 
Startup group
You can do this by holding down the Shift key when the Windows
startup screen appears, and then releasing it once Program 
Manager is active.
Starting an application in a different directory
To start up a Windows application in a default directory other
than the Windows directory (or application executable 
directory), you have a number of choices:

	In Windows 3.1, set the Working Directory under File
Properties for the application.

	Create a auto-execute macro for that application, which will
change your directory upon startup.

	Specify your application's path in Program Manager as
something such as d:\u\personal\letters\winword.exe.  As long 
as the application is on your path, it will be started as usual, 
but with the default directory being the one you specified in 
Program Manager.  Note that Program Manager will complain of 
this when you enter the path (and may require you to manually 
select an icon), but it will work.

	Create a dummy document for your application in the desired
directory.  As long as you have your application listed under 
[Extensions] in your win.ini file, starting that document from 
Program Manager (either with File  Run or by adding it as an 
icon to a group) will then start the application with that 
document loaded, and in the correct directory.
.
	 For Word for Windows 2.0, add the line
	Doc-Path=pathname
	into the [Microsoft Word 2.0] section of your win.ini file. 
This will cause Word to start up in the specified directory 
every time.
Using environment variables	93-06-15
Program Manager can use environment variables similar to MS-DOS
batch files: for example, specifying the program name as 
%APPS%\my-app.exe will substitute in the value of the APPS 
environment variable.  There is no way, however, of setting the 
environment variables from within Windows; you will need to set 
them either before starting Windows or in winstart.bat (which is 
described in the Windows documentation).
Windows accessories

Cardfile: converting to ASCII text	92-09-27
To convert a cardfile to a text file, use the WinCrd utility,
available from ftp.cica.indiana.edu.
Clock: Windows 3.1 Clock limitations
The Windows 3.1 clock is limited to one instance (simultaneously
running copy) by design, as it retains the position and size 
you last specified for it.  You can, however, run any number of 
Windows 3.0 clocks that you want in 3.1.  As an alternative, you 
may want to take a look at the TimeFrame freeware program from 
ftp.cica.indiana.edu, which places the current time in the title 
bar of the active window. 
Control Panel: accessing control panels directly	93-06-20
You can access individual control panels directly by creating an
icon in Program Manager (or equivalent) with, for example, the 
following commandline:

control main.cpl network

The last parameter should match the spelling of the name of the
icon in the usual Control Panel window.
Help: changing the default window size	93-03-01
To change default size of the WinHelp window, you can change the
following lines in the [Windows Help] section of your win.ini 
file:

M_WindowPosition=[0,0,640,480,0]
Help: changing the keyword colors	93-07-15
To change the keyword colors in your Windows help files, you can
add some or all of the following lines to the [Windows Help] 
section of your win.ini file:

JumpColor=0 0 128
PopupColor=128 0 128
IFJumpColor=0 0 192
IFPopupColor=192 0 192

The colors are in RGB format; this particular example will set
the jump color to dark blue, and the popup color to dark 
magenta.  The IF colors are for interfile jumps and/or popups.
Notepad: F5 and current time
F5 in Windows 3.0 Notepad inserts only a date and not the time
as well  it's a known bug.  And it's fixed in Windows 3.1.
Recorder: recording more than 60 seconds of sound
If you want to record, say, three minutes, follow this
procedure:  
	Record 60 seconds (Recorder will stop).  
	Immediately record again for 60 seconds. 
	Repeat one more time.  
	Drag the scroll bar thumb all the way to the left
With this procedure, you will be able to record 180 seconds of 
sound.  Repeat more times if you need more than 3 minutes of 
sound.
Terminal: keypad
Press ScrollLock to toggle the keypad between local and remote
mode. The default is local mode.
General: Can't open TEMP.WRI (or similar message)
A message similar to this one is likely caused by an invalid
definition of the TEMP environment variable in your 
autoexec.bat.  Having a trailing space on the definition line 
can cause various Windows applications to generate invalid 
temporary filenames similar to the one noted.  Correct the 
problem by making sure there are no trailing blanks.
Changing default directories

Bitmaps	93-04-30
You cannot move the bitmaps from the Windows directory unless
you use a utility program such as BitmapView or PaperBoy.    
BitmapView is included in the Windows Resource Kit.
Fonts
To move your TrueType fonts to a different directory, follow the
procedure outlined below.

The trick is in knowing how Windows finds your truetype fonts. 
If you have ever done any digging around in your system 
directory, you may have noticed that there is a little (1300 
byte) .fot file for each of your .ttf files that you have 
installed.  

Now, unlike an ATM font which exists in two files, one
containing the screen definition, and the other containing the 
printer definition, a TrueType font has all the information for 
both in one file (the .ttf), so why does the other exist?  So 
far, the exact reason remains a mystery, but the .fot file does 
contain the full path to the corresponding .ttf file  and the 
win.ini's [Fonts]  section points to the .fot file.

Here are step-by-step instructions for moving the TrueType (and
other) fonts:

	First, move your .ttf files to where you want then to reside
permanently  preferably someplace outside the windows directory 
tree for ease of upgrading.

	If these TrueType fonts were previously installed, you will
have to create new .fot files, so go into the ControlPanel and 
remove, but don't delete, those TrueType fonts that you had 
installed (make sure to remove only the TrueType fonts!).

	Next, add your TrueType fonts through the Control Panel.  Now,
before you select any, be sure to uncheck the Copy Fonts to 
Windows Directory  box.  If you leave this checked, the .fot 
files will point to the newly copied .ttf files that got 
relocated into your system directory.  Highlight the fonts you 
want, and click OK.

	Now just move all the .fot files also to another location and
then modify the [Fonts] section of your win.ini file to point 
to where your .fot files are located.

Thanks to Mike Bendtsen <msbendts @ mtu.edu>.
Icons
Yoy may place your fonts in any directory you wish, as long as
you update your Program Manager's File  Properties dialogs to 
point to the correct location.
Fonts

Accessing foreign/accented characters	93-03-01
There are two basic methods for accessing foreign and/or
accented characters in Windows.  The first is to use the 
CharMap utility (or equivalent in your word processor: Insert  
Symbol in Word, Font  WP Characters in WordPerfect) to insert 
the appropriate characters into your text.  

If you use a lot if accented characters, though, you may want to
select the English (International) keyboard in the Control 
Panel.  This makes the backquote, forward quote etc. into "dead" 
keys: pressing "~" followed by "n" would generate the  
character.  To get the original meaning of the dead keys, you 
need to press that key and then follow it with a space.
Converting font formats
There are at least two packages available to convert between
Type 1 (ATM) and TrueType formats: AllType ($79) and FontMonger 
($99).  AllType, however, imposes its own copyright on any 
converted fonts, as well as doing a generally unsatisfactory job 
of coverting from ATM to TrueType.  

Macintosh TrueType fonts are also directly compatable with
Windows (you only need to strip off the resource fork from the 
Mac file).
Converting Macintosh Type 1 (ATM) fonts to Windows
Thanks for this procedure to Norman Walsh, the maintainer of 
the comp.fonts FAQ.

Converting Macintosh Type1 fonts into PC Type1 fonts can be done
using purely free/shareware tools.  I've outlined the procedure 
below.  Make sure you read
the "readme" files that accompany many fonts.  Some font authors
specifically deny permission to do cross-platform conversions.

The tools you need:
xbin	xbin23.zip 	in /pub/msdos/mac on oak.oakland.edu (or other
mirrors)
unsit	unsit30.zip 	in /pub/msdos/mac on oak.oakland.edu
uncpt	ext-pc.zip 	in /pub/pc/win3/util on ftp.cica.indiana.edu
refont	refont11.zip 	in /pub/pc/win3/fonts on
ftp.cica.indiana.edu
bmap2afm	bm2af01.zip 	in /pub/norm/mac-font-tools on
ibis.cs.umass.edu

xbin converts Mac BinHexed files back into binary format. 
BinHex is the Mac equivalent of uuencoding: it translates files 
into hexidecimal digits so that mailers can send them around 
without difficulty.  It also aids in cross-platform copying.  
BinHexed files generally have filenames of the form 
"xxx.yyy.HQX".

unsit explodes Stuffit archives.  Stuffit archives generally
have filenames of the form "xxx.SIT".

uncpt exploces Compactor archives.  The ext-pc implementation is
called extract and does not require Windows (even thought it's 
in the Windows section on cica).  Compactor archives generally 
have filenames of the form "xxx.CPT".

refont converts Mac type1 fonts into PC type1 fonts.

bmap2afm constructs AFM files from the metric information
contained in Mac screen fonts (.bmap files).  The screen font 
files do not have any standard name (although they frequently 
have the extension .bmap).  The screen fonts have file type 
"FFIL" which, in combination with some common sense, is usually 
sufficient to identify them.

It's probably a good idea to check with archie for closer sites
if you're not in North America.  These tools run under MS-DOS.  
xbin and unsit can also be run under Unix.

How to do it:
Collect the Mac fonts from the archive or BBS of your choice. 
Most of these files will be in BinHexed format.  As a running 
example, we'll use the imaginary font "Plugh.cpt.hqx".  When you 
download this font to my PC, you would use the name "PLUGH.CPX". 
The actual name you use is immaterial.

Run xbin on PLUGH.CPX.  This will produce PLUGH.DAT, PLUGH.INF,
and PLUGH.RSR.  The data fork of the Mac file (the .DAT file) 
is the only one of interest to
us, you can delete the others.

If the original file had been "Plugh.sit.hqx", we would be using
the unsit program.  Since we chose a .cpt file for this 
example, I'm going to run uncpt..  Run uncpt on PLUGH.DAT.  
You'll want to extract the AFM file (if present), the 
documentation or readme file (if present), and the Type1 outline 
file.  The AFM and README files will be in the data fork of the 
archive file.  The Type1 outline will be in the resource fork.  
The AFM and README files have Mac "TEXT" type.  The Type1 
outline file has "LWFN" type.  Use the docs for uncpt and unsit 
as a guide.  If you got this far you probably won't have much 
difficulty.

If the font does not contain an AFM file, extract the screen
font.  Screen fonts frequently have the extension .bmap and are 
"FFIL" type files.  Use Bmap2AFM to construct an AFM from the 
screen font.  If the archive does contain an AFM file, it's safe 
to bet that the author's AFM will be better than the one created 
by Bmap2AFM.

Finally, run refont on the Type1 outline that you extracted
above.  The result should be an appropriate PC type1 outline.  
refont will create a PFM file for you from the AFM file, if you 
desire.
Replacing your System font with a serif font	92-11-05
Thanks to Peter Karrer <pkarrer@bernina.ethz.ch>.

Here's a way to produce your own system font from the MS Serif
font (similar to Times Roman) in Windows 3.1. No warranties of 
course...

If you're using "small" fonts (fonts.fon=vgasys.fon in
system.ini):

	Make sure you have VGASYS.FON, 7280 bytes, and SERIFE.FON,
57936 bytes.
	Use debug to do the following:
C:\WIN\SYSTEM> debug serife.fon
- nmyvgasys.fon
- m15b6 l14b3 100
- rcx
CX E250
:14b3
- w
Writing 014B3 bytes
C:\WIN\SYSTEM> debug vgasys.fon
- nmyvgasys.fon
- l6b6
- rcx
CX 14B3
:1C70
- w
Writing 01C70 bytes
- q
	In your system.ini file, replace fonts.fon=vgasys.fon with
fonts.fon=myvgasys.fon.

If you're using "large" fonts (fonts.fon=8514sys.fon in
system.ini):

	Make sure you have 8514SYS.FON, 9280 bytes, and SERIFF.FON,
81728 bytes.
	Use debug to do the following:
C:\WIN\SYSTEM> debug seriff.fon
- nmy8514sy.fon
- m1b36 l1c20 100
- rcx
CX 3F40
:1c20
- rbx
BX 0001
:0
- w
Writing 01C20 bytes
C:\WIN\SYSTEM> debug 8514sys.fon
- nmy8514sy.fon
- l336
- rcx
CX 1C20
:2440
- w
Writing 02440 bytes
- q
	In your system.ini file, replace fonts.fon=8514sys.fon with
fonts.fon=my8514sy.fon.
ZIP code bar code fonts	92-11-11
Word Office Productivity Pack (wopr-20a.zip and wopr-20b.zip on
ftp.cica.indiana.edu and its mirror sites) will automatically 
print bar codes on envelopes.  The package does require Word for 
Windows 2.0, though.
Applications

Access: printing a database diagram	93-04-30
One sample approach to printing a complete database
table/relation diagram is included as Database Analyzer  in the 
analyzer.mda database, which is included in the Access package.
Ami Pro 3.0: getting a menu of special characters	93-07-15
You can create a menu item which will pop up a dialog with the
full Windows character set (similar to Word's Insert Character) 
for selecting special characters by using the typechar.smm 
macro, which is included with Ami Pro 3.0.
DayBook: running on Windows 3.1
The Windows 3.0 doesn't work well after upgrading to Windows
3.1.  However, you can get it working and even keep your old 
datafiles using the following steps:
	Install ToolBook again (run tbksetup) after renaming your old
daybook.tbk file.
	Start DayBook with the empty daybook.tbk.
	Open the old daybook file (from windows version 3.0)
	Save it as daybook.tal.
	Exit ToolBook.
	Rename daybook.tal to daybook.tbk.                            

	Now you can use the old information again under Windows 3.1
Excel: Calling DLL routines	92-12-16
Excel can call C and/or Fortran routines located in an external
DLL.  In order to implement such DLLs, you will need the Excel 
SDK ($49 from Microsoft).
Excel: Doing log-log graphs	92-12-16
To create a log-log graph, check the log checkbox under Format 
Scale for each of the axis.
Excel: Multiple X-Y graphs on shared X-axis	93-04-30
To draw multiple graphs on a single sheet, you will need to use
the scatter graph, create the first series automatically, then 
create the second series (which will, by default, use the X 
values of the first series), and then manually change the 
X-values of the second series to point to the correct datablock 
on your worksheet.
Improv: converting hexadecimal numbers	93-10-17
While Improv will nicely convert hexadecimal strings to numbers
as long as there are alphabetic characters in the string, it 
will produce an ERR value if given a number without alphabetic 
characters.  To correct this, use a formula such as the one 
below:

HexValue = decimal( if ( isstring(Input), Input , string ( Input
, 0) ) )

Norton Desktop: Wider listbox for Scheduler	92-11-15
You can change the Scheduler's listbox width by using a resource
editor (such as Resource Workshop, included with Borland's 
latest Windows language products) to resize the list box, move 
the headings and move the buttons.

If you don't have any programming tools, you are basically out
of luck.
Norton Desktop: Using smaller fonts for lists	92-11-15
Most of the listboxes in NDW use the font size selected in the
menus; make sure you select the correct size.
Procomm Plus: Adding fonts	93-11-12
Procomm Plus for Windows will automatically make available any
additional TrueType fonts you have installed in your system.  
However, you can only use fixed-width fonts, as proportional 
fonts do not work well in terminal applications.  One of the 
possible commercial font packages to use is Microsofts Font Pack 
1, which contains the excellent Lucida Sans Typewriter 
fixed-width font.
WinQVTNet: Hiding a gateway	92-12-16
To hide a gateway, specify visible=no under that host in your
qvtnet.rc file.
Word for Windows: changing bullet paragraph indent	92-12-30
You can do this by creating a macro that creates a bullet, and
then linking the bullet button on the toolbar to that macro, 
rather than to the standard command.  The macro should include a 
call to the ToolsBulletListDefault command, followed by your 
modified paragraphg formatting commands.
Word for Windows: centering equations	93-04-30
To create equations that look like this:

	y = 2	(1)
and
	x = y + z + log( w )	(2)

you will need to set a Center Tab at the center of your page,
and a Right Tab at the right margin.  Now press Tab, insert 
your equation, press Tab again, and enter your equation number.
Word for Windows 2.0: converting batches of WP files to
Word	93-11-13
To cnvert a large number of WordPerfect (for DOS or Windows)
files to Word format, open the supplied newmacro.doc file, and 
use the Batch Conversion macro to do the job.
Word for Windows 2.0: custom toolbar icons	93-12-21
To change the icons in the Word for Windows 2.0 toolbar, add the
line
LoadToolbarBitmaps=1
in the [WinWord2.0] section of your win.ini file.  When Word
starts up, it will look for and load four bitmaps called 
v1tbar.bmp, v2tbar.bmp, v2tbar.bmp and v4tbar.bmp.  Each bitmap 
holds 26 "icons" which of 18 pixels wide and 16 pixels high.  If 
you are using 1024x768 resolution, the bitmaps are 81tbar.bmp, 
82tbar.bmp, 83tbar.bmp and 84tbar.bmp.

You can more easily change these bitmaps using the WOPR utility
package (available as shareware).

Word for Windows 6.0 allows you to fully customize any of the
multiple toolbars.
Word for Windows: drop caps (large 1st characters of
paragraphs)	93-04-30
Creating a drop cap is really quite easy in Word, once you know
what you are looking for. 

Create the paragraph, select the first character, change it to
the font and size you want it to be, and then select Insert  
Frame to create a frame.  The frame will automatically size to 
the character and align with the top of the paragraph.  That's 
all there is to it!

Word 2.0c includes a macro which performs the above process
automatically.
Word for Windows: fonts larger than 127 points	92-11-11
Since Word for Windows will not allow selection of a pointsize
beyond 127, for very large pointsizes the best thing to do is 
enter the text in WordArt, and then scale the WordArt object to 
desired size in the Word document.
Word for Windows: foreign-language dictionaries and
thesauri	92-12-30
To get a foreign-language spell checker dictionary or thesaurus
for Word for Windows, you should contact Alki Software in 
Seattle, WA (800-669-9673).  Available languages include British 
English, French, German, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Swedish, 
Finnish and more.
Word for Windows: getting rid of the list of last files edited
To empty the list of last files edited before someone else uses
your machine, simply remove the file winword.ini from your Word 
for Windows directory.  You may wish to put this in your 
autoexec.bat file.
Word for Windows: inserting today's date	93-04-30
Using Word's built-in Insert  Date and Time... command will
insert a date, but will update it every time you open the 
document.  There are several ways to insert today's date and 
forcing it not to be updated:
	After using Insert  Date and Time..., select the date and hit
Ctrl+F11 to lock the field.  This will cause it not to be 
updated until you unlock it.
	After using Insert  Date and Time..., select the date and hit
Ctrl+F9 to unlink the field.  This replaces the field with its 
contents; you will not be able to update the field again.
	Use Insert  Field... and inset a CREATEDATE (or, depending on
your preference, SAVDATE) field.  This will insert the date the 
document was created, however, and not necessarily today's date.


Word for Windows: linking in subdocuments	92-11-02
Word for Windows' Link Document, Include document and Insert
Document commands all include the entire text of the 
subdocument in the main document.  If you want to "link" in a 
document for indexing or a table of contents but not bloat up 
the main document with all the actual text, use the RD (Refer 
Document) field.  It won't print or edit the subdocument from 
the main document, but it does work for indexing and tables of 
contents.
Word for Windows: numbering equations	92-12-16
To number equations in Word for Windows, insert a \seq field and
use a sequence name like "Equation" to identify the sequence.  
For example:

x = 0		({\seq Equation}
Word for Windows: overlining words	92-09-14
To overline a phrase in Word for Windows, insert a \eq field and
use the \x\to option to draw just the top of the box around the 
"equation".  So, for example, to overline "Bar", you might enter



The Foo {\eq \x\to(Bar)} and Grille
Word for Windows: printing even and odd pages	93-03-20
The Word Office Productivity Pack (WOPR), a shareware
collection, includes tools for printing odd and even pages.

As an alternative, the following macro to print odd and even
pages is courtesy of Rob Ryan (rryan@panix.com).  Use at your 
own risk  and try it on a smallish document first!

Sub MAIN
    Dim dlg As DocumentStatistics
    ToolsRepaginateNow
    GetCurValues dlg
    n = Val(dlg.Pages)
    If n < 1 Then End
    For i = 1 To n Step 2
        FilePrint .Range = 3, .From = Str$(i), .To = Str$(i)
    Next
    If(n Mod 2 = 1) Then
        msg$ = "Put all the pages except the last one"
    Else
        msg$ = "Put all the pages"
    End If
    msg$ = msg$ + " back into the printer and press Ok when
ready to print."
    If(MsgBox(msg$, "Printing Even Pages", 49) = - 1) Then
        For i = 2 To n Step 2
            FilePrint .Range = 3, .From = Str$(i), .To = Str$(i)

        Next
    End If
End Sub


And another alternative, from James Rudnicki and Richard Page
(page@vm.usc.edu):

Sub MAIN
  Begin Dialog UserDialog 300, 154, "Odd/Even Printing"
    Text 48, 8, 234, 48, "Print odd or even numbered pages. The
document may be repaginated
                                   and saved before printing."
    GroupBox 11, 62, 143, 59, "Select Pages"
    OptionGroup  .OddEven
        OptionButton 21, 78, 112, 16, "Odd Pages"
        OptionButton 21, 95, 120, 16, "Even Pages"
    CheckBox 173, 79, 116, 16, "Repaginate", .RePage
    CheckBox 173, 96, 100, 16, "Save File", .SaveFile
    OKButton 10, 127, 88, 21
    CancelButton 110, 127, 88, 21
  End Dialog

  Dim dlg As DocumentStatistics
  GetCurValues dlg
  NUM = Val(dlg.Pages)            'Get number of pages

  Dim NewDlg As UserDialog        'Declare dialog array
  Choice = Dialog(NewDlg)

  Select Case Choice
    Case - 1                      'OK Button
      If NewDlg.RePage = 1 Then
        ToolsRepaginateNow        'Make sure pagination is
correct
      End If
      If NewDlg.SaveFile = 1 Then
        FileSave                  'Save before printing
      End If
      If NewDlg.OddEven = 0 Then
        For cnt = 1 To NUM Step 2
          FilePrint .Range = 3, .From = Str$(cnt), .To =
Str$(cnt)
        Next
      Else
        For cnt = 2 To NUM Step 2
          FilePrint .Range = 3, .From = Str$(cnt), .To =
Str$(cnt)
        Next
      End If
    Case Else
  End Select

End Sub

Word for Windows: removing hard returns on downloaded
text	93-01-20
You can easily do this by selecting the text, and running a macro
similar to the one below.  Note that this will mess up any 
tables in your input text!

Sub MAIN
    EditReplace .Find = "^p^p", .Replace = "#~@", .WholeWord =
0, .MatchCase = 0, .Format = 0, \
                         .ReplaceAll = 1
    EditReplace .Find = "^p", .Replace = " ", .WholeWord = 0,
.MatchCase = 0, .Format = 0, \
                        .ReplaceAll = 1
    EditReplace .Find = "#~@", .Replace = "^p^p", .WholeWord =
0, .MatchCase = 0, .Format = 0, \
                        .ReplaceAll = 1
End Sub

Word for Windows: setting the find file default
directory	92-09-19
Select Tools  Macro and edit FileFind; it will look something
like this:

Sub MAIN
    ToolsMacro "FileFind", .Run
End Sub

Change it to look like this:

Sub MAIN
    On Error Goto STOPHERE	 'Needed if user chooses Close 

    Dim myfilefind As FileFind	'Define a dialog (same as
FileFind dialog)
    GetCurValues myfilefind    	'Get any values you may have
already set

    myfilefind.SearchPath = "c:\windows"   'Use this type of
line to set all the
    myfilefind.Name = "*.*"                	'defaults things your
little heart desires

    Dialog myfilefind    		'Display the dialog box on the screen


    STOPHERE:        		'Just a label
End Sub

For information on the various things you can tag on to
"myfilefind", such as .SearchPath, .Name, etc..., check the 
on-line help under Word Basic Commands -- FileFind.

Thanks to Paul Brown for the solution!
Word for Windows: turning echo off in a macro	93-01-20
To turn off echo in a Word for Windows macro (making for a
cleaner display and faster running), you need to implement two 
macros, EchoOn and EchoOff.  These macros are fully described in 
Microsoft's tech note 13-5 (they were based on ones written by 
Steven Wexler of WexTech Systems), available on ftp.uu.net and 
Compuserve.  Beware, though, that if your macro crashes before 
turning echo back on, you will thoroughly confuse the user!

If you just want to implement the macros, they are included
below.  Before you jump into it, though, here is Microsoft's 
warning from the Tech Note:

Use the Echo macro at your own risk. It has performed admirably
for us so far with one exception: When you execute a macro 
defining a bookmark that isn't only an insertion point, the 
bookmark is not always defined correctly. To remedy the 
situation, turn echo on just before you issue the bookmark 
command, and turn it off immediately afterward.  We leave it up 
to the user to explore and find all the ways Echo can be useful 
or harmful in your macro writing.

To turning echo off, use the following WordBasic line:

Echo.EchoOff IniKey$

where IniKey$ is the name of the win.ini key used to store a 
value for turning echo on. This subroutine turns off redraw and 
saves the position of the scroll box in the vertical scroll bar 
of the 
active window to the win.ini file. The information is stored in
the [Microsoft Word Echo] section of win.ini, under the IniKey$ 
key string.  To turn echo back on, use:

Echo.EchoOff IniKey$

where Inikey$ is the same key you used to turn echo off.

The Echo macro contains the following lines:

Declare Function SendMessage Lib "user"(hWnd As Integer, \
     wMsg As Integer,wParam As Integer, lParam As Long) As Long
Declare Function GetFocus Lib "user" As Integer
Declare Sub InvalidateRect Lib "user"(hWnd As Integer, \
     lpRect As Long, Bool As Integer)
Declare Sub UpdateWindow Lib "user"(hWnd As Integer)

Sub MAIN
   Echo 1, ""
End Sub

Sub Echo(fOn, IniKey$)
   WM_SETREDRAW = 11
   IniSection$ = "Microsoft Word Echo"
   FocusHandle = GetFocus
   If fOn = 0 Then 

      SetProfileString(IniSection$, IniKey$, Str$(VScroll()))
   End If
   dummy = SendMessage(FocusHandle, WM_SETREDRAW, fOn, 0)
   If fOn Then
      InvalidateRect(FocusHandle, 0, 1)
      UpdateWindow(FocusHandle)
      VScroll Val(GetProfileString$(IniSection$, IniKey$))
   End If
End Sub

Sub EchoOff(IniKey$)
   Echo 0, IniKey$
End Sub

Sub EchoOn(IniKey$)
   Echo 1, IniKey$
End Sub

Word for Windows 2.0: using a watermark	93-12-20
To place a watermark (usually a large a light gray text at an
angle behind your normal text), you will need a PostScript 
printer.  If you have such a printer, you can either use the 
Watermark macro from newmacro.doc.  Alternately, insert a Print 
field into the header, containing the following PostScript code:



\p page "/Fn {findfont exch scalefont setfont} bind def
0.98 setgray
50 600 moveto
-45 rotate
180 /Helvetica Fn
(DRAFT) show"

This puts the word "DRAFT" at a 45 degree angle across the page
in very light grey large letters.

Word for Windows supports watermarks for all types of printers
autmatically.
Word for Windows: using date formats from [Intl] section in 
WIN.INI	93-12-11
If you want to make a generalized WordBasic macro which will use
the users current date format settings, you should access the 
[Intl]  section in the win.ini file.  The following code 
fragment (by Sterling Bjorndahl <bjorndahl@Augustana.ab.ca>  
demonstrates this technique.

Declare Function GetProfileString Lib "Kernel"(Section$, Key$,
Def$, Ret$,\
MaxSize As Integer) As Integer

Sub MAIN
'
Section$ = "Intl"
Def$ = ""
Ret$ = String$(255," ")
MaxSize = 256
'
Key$ = "sLongDate"
ResultLength = GetProfileString(Section$, Key$, Def$, Ret$,
MaxSize)
MsgBox Ret$, "Long Date"
'
Key$ = "sShortDate"
ResultLength = GetProfileString(Section$, Key$, Def$, Ret$,
MaxSize)
MsgBox Ret$, "Short Date"
'
End Sub

WordPerfect for Windows 1.0: changing the background
color	92-12-16
WordPerfect does not allow you to set the colors directly (except
in Draft mode); to change background color, you will need to 
change the systemwide default colors in the Control Panel.
WordPerfect for Windows 5.2: changing the button bar	92-07-15
To get a list of available button bars, click on the current
button bar with the right mouse button.
WordPerfect for Windows: decrypting a password-protected
file	93-10-11
While WordPerfect Corp. claims that it is not possible to recover
password-protected files for which you have forgotten the 
password, this is in fact quite simple.  Obtain the program 
wpcrack, either by searching for it on the Internet (using 
archie) or from your local BBS.
WordPerfect for Windows 5.2: using smart quotes	92-07-15
To enable ``smart quotes'', run the included macro smquote.wcm.
WordPerfect for Windows 5.2: using bullets	92-07-15
To use bullets, run the included macro bullet.wcm; you can
change the bullet character by running the macro bulletdf.wcm.
Gang screens ("Easter Eggs")
This section describes the ways to display the secret or gang
screens, showing the authors of various packages, often with 
associated fireworks and/or other animation.
Windows 3.0
	Make Program Manager active
	While holding down F3, press  W I N 3.  Release F3.
Windows 3.1
	Make Program Manager or any desk accessory active
	Select Help  About, hold down Shift+Ctrl+Alt, double-click on
icon, press OK
	Repeat
	Repeat to get the first "gang screen"
	Repeat to get the second "gang screen"
	Repeat to get the third "gang screen"
Ami Pro 2.0
	Select Help  About
	Hold down Shift, Ctrl and Alt
	Press F7.  Type  S P A M.  
	Enter the last and third from last digits from the Available
memory display.
	Release Shift, Ctrl and Alt

Thanks to Avinoam Shmueli.
Borland (all Windows products)	93-05-10
	Select Help  About
	Hold down  Alt
	Press I.

Thanks to Tim Tschirmer.
Corel Draw! 3.0
	Hold down Shift and Ctrl
	Select Help  About
	Continue to hold down Shift and Ctrl
	Double-click on the balloon at the left side of the dialog.
	Hold down the left (or maybe right?) mouse button to light the
burner for the balloon, and make it rise, pulling a banner of 
developers' names.

Thanks to J.D. Mathew.
Excel 3.0
	Select Formula  Goto, enter iv16384.
	Use the scroll bars to make this the only cell visible.
	Reduce the row and column widths to zero.  
	Double-click on the single remaining button at the top left
corner.

Thanks to Aaron Wallace.
Norton Desktop for Windows 2.0
	Select Help  About
	Hold down N, D and W
	Double-click on the icon.

Thanks to Mark Scase.
PageMaker for Windows 4.0	92-12-30
	Hold down  Shift and Ctrl
	Select Help  About PageMaker
Procomm Plus for Windows 1.0	92-12-05
	Select Window  Monitor
	Keep focus on the Monitor window
	Type GO DATASTORM!
	Select Help  About  Credits

Thanks to Joseph Malloy.
Word for Windows 1.x
	Turn CapsLock on
	Select Format  Define  Styles  Options
	Select Normal for Based On
	Press OK
	Press Cancel
	Select Help  About
	Move cursor to inside dialog box, then hold down O, P, U and S
at the same time.  

Thanks to Todd Lutz.
Word for Windows 2.0
	Select Tools  Macro
	Enter spiff, press Edit
	Delete all lines except for the middle blank line
	Select File  Close, press Yes
	Select Help  About, double-click on icon
Applications

Windows 2.x Applications
If you run in real mode of Windows 3.0, the old applications
behave just like in 2.x, but have somewhat less memory 
available to them.  If the applications are "well-behaved", they 
may also run in standard and 386 enhanced modes, but Windows 
will first warn you with a "nag" message that the application 
wasn't written for Windows 3.x.  If you run a ill-behaved 
application in standard or 386 enhanced mode, the application 
will likely crash.

If you have a 2.x application that runs well in all modes, you
can mark it Windows 3.0-compatible using either the mark3.exe 
or the nonag.exe utility.  Both are available from cica.

Basically, Windows 3.1 will no longer run Windows 2.0
applications.
Troubleshooting

Access: version 1.1 upgrade	93-07-15
The upgrade from Access 1.0 to 1.1 is free to all registered
users (except for shipping costs).  The upgrade packages 
(accp.zip) is also available on Windows FTP sites such as cica 
and on Compuserve.
AllType: converted TrueType fonts not in same family	92-09-15
When AllType converts a, say, PostScript Type 1 font into
TrueType, it does not maintain the connection between the 
Regular, Bold, Italic and Bold Italic fonts in the same family.  
Thus, if you have a font called Franciano and select bold in 
your word processor, you will get a synthesized bold version, 
not Franciano Bold.

To correct this, you might try a shareware utility called
renamett, which allows you to specify the family of the font.
Ami Pro 3.0: can't read Word 2.0 or WordPerfect 5.2
files	93-08-12
Ami Pro 3.0 has some problems reading some Word for Windows 2.0
and WordPerfect for Windows 5.2 files.  This is corrected in 
version 3.01, which is available free by ftp, or for the cost of 
shipping and handling from Lotus.
Ami Pro: mixed landscape/portrait document eats system 
resources	93-04-30
You may experience problems with a mixed landscape/portrait-mode
document consuming all available system resources.  This is 
caused by a bug in an early version of the pscript.drv 
PostScript driver.  This problem is corrected by getting a new 
copy of the PostScript driver, with version 3.53 or later.
Ami Pro: table of contents
If your page numbers in the Table of Contents are all 1, you
have likely generated the TOC twice without making any changes. 
To work around this bug, make a trivial change to your 
document, and regenerate the table of contents.
Ami Pro 2.0: divide by zero error
If Ami Pro crashes with a Divide by Zero error in Windows 3.1,
check the version number in the About... box.  If your version 
is earlier than 306, contact Lotus for a free upgrade to 306, 
which is fully compatible with Windows 3.1. 
Ami Pro 3.0: equation handling problems	93-04-30
The Ami Pro equation handling may occasionally cause your
equation to disappear beyond the end of the line after aligning 
the equation with tabs.  In addition, trying to delete an 
equation that has "disappeared" may caused a corrupted document 
and/or a throrough crash in Ami Pro.  The only known workaround 
is to use only spaces, not tabs, to align equations if there is 
any chance that the equation might extend beyond the right 
margin..
Ami Pro 3.0: overlapped screen text
On some configurations, selecting a block of text and then
starting to type over it will not erase the existing text first 
before placing the new characters on it, resulting in a 
corrupted screen display.

As a workaround, you may choose to either use draft mode or to
turn off full justification.

A fix diskette for this problem is available by calling Lotus
technical support.
Ami Pro 2.0: printing with incorrect fonts	93-04-30
If you are getting incorrect fonts when printing from Ami Pro,
the most likely cause is the font substitution table contained 
within the Ami Pro .ini file.  You should inspect this table and 
remove entries that are not required.
Ami Pro 3.0: slow printing
If you are suffering from slow printing with Ami Pro 3.0, try
the following steps to improve the printing speed: 
	Disable Print manager in the Windows Control Panel
	Disable Background Printing in Ami Pro's Tools: User Setup:
Options.
Ami Pro 3.0: unable to load Word or WordPerfect files	93-10-12
If your version of Ami Pro is unable to load files produced by
recent versions of Word for Windows (2.0c) or WordPerfect 
(5.2), you need to obtain an upgrade to 3.0.1, available fro 
Lotus at nominal cost.
Corel Draw! 3.0: can't rotate bitmaps	92-12-30
If you attempt to rotate a bitmap (such as a .bmp, .gif ot .tif
file), Corel Draw! will only display a gray rectangle.  This 
affects only the display, however, and the rotated graphics 
should print correctly.
Corel Draw! 4.0: can't install from CD-ROM	93-07-15
If you have a CD-ROM drive as your drive D:, Corel Draw! 4.0 may
refuse to install because it needs 60K of free space on drive 
D:.  If you get this problem, make sure you have your TMP and 
TEMP environment variables set and correctly pointing to your 
temporary directory.  If you still can't install, create a small 
(<256K) RAMdisk in your config.sys as D: for the installation 
process; you can remove it once the installation is complete.
Excel 4.0: out of memory loading a workbook	93-12-05
Excel has a problem loading in large workbooks; to avoid this
problem, limit your workbooks to about 15 worksheets and/or 
graphs.  This limitation is reputed to be corrected in Excel 
5.0.
FrameMaker: scrambled dot-matrix output	92-09-14
FrameMaker will produce correct output only if the output device
has square pixels; that is, your printer must have the same 
horizontal and vertical resolution.  A 144 horizontal by 192 
vertical resolution will produce scrambled output.  
Unfortunately, the only choices are to use your printer in a 
"square-pixel" resolution, or to switch to a printer with such a 
resolution (most laser printers have square pixels). 
KA9Q: dropped packets	92-09-14
In order to run properly within Windows 3.x and not drop packets,
you need to do two things: 
	Start KA9Q with the -w option
	After starting KA9Q, start winpkt
Norton Desktop for Windows: can't format in the background
While Windows is limited by DOS in some of its multitasking
capabilities (such as disk i/o), it can format floppies in the 
background (File Manager does it!).  NDW arbitrarily refuses to 
let you do anything else while formatting  it's a design 
feature!

Personally, I only buy preformatted diskettes!
Norton Desktop for Windows: crashes from selecting
files	92-12-16
Norton Desktop, both versions 1.0 and 2.0, tends to crash if you
select multiple files and try to drag them to several places on 
the screen.  No fix is currently available.
Mathematica 2.0 for Windows: problems with Windows 3.1, other
problems
Mathematica 2.0 does not work well with Windows 3.1.  It also has
a host of other problems which exhibit themselves even under 
Windows 3.0.

The cure is to upgrade to Mathematica 2.1; the upgrade cost is
US$ 50.
Mathematica 2.1 for Windows: crashing problems	93-07-15
Mathematica 2.1 still suffers from a variety of problems, most
of them memory-related.  Most problems become infrequent if you 
upgrade your system to 16 MB or 32 MB.

No fix is currently available.
NCSA Telnet [in DOS session]: crashes in a window	92-12-30
The standard Telnet does not work well in a DOS session inside
Windows 3.1's 386 Enhanced mode.  There are three possible 
workarounds:
	Load the packet driver inside the DOS session, not before
entering Windows
	Use WinPkt (available free by ftp) instead of the standard
packet driver
	Use PktMux 1.1 (available free by ftp) instead of the standard
packet driver
PageMaker 4.0: font selection box won't scroll	92-09-21
This is a known problem.  The workaround to use, if you have
more fonts than will fit in the selection box, is to press 
Ctrl+T to change the text attributes (and thus the font).
PageMaker 4.0: text color changes to almost invisible	92-09-26
this problems stems from an incompatability between PageMaker 
and Windows 3.1 video drivers.  Although no fix is currently 
available, you can work around the problem by switching between 
PageMaker and the other "color intensive" application (which 
changes the colors) with Alt+Tab instead of minimizing one and 
then restoring PageMaker.  If the colors have already been 
munged, start up command.com full-screen, exit it, and then 
maximize PageMaker again to restore the colors.
PageMaker 4.0: WordPerfect and Word for Windows import
As shipped, PageMaker 4.0's import filters do not support
WordPerfect 5.1 for Windows (although WordPerfect 5.1 for DOS 
is OK), or Word for Windows 2.0.  If you cannot locate the 
import filters at an ftp site or CompuServe, contact Aldus for 
free updates.
Paradox for Windows: dialog boxes can't be killed	93-04-30
The initial release of Paradox for Windows does not provide any
method for unconditionally dismissing a modal dialog box.  If 
your dialog box code has a bug (not allowing you to close the 
dialog) you will need to reboot your system in order to close 
Paradox. No workaround (other than avoiding modal forms 
completely) is currently available.
Pathway Access 1.x: terminal font
If in your 10x16 terminal font the uppercase 'K' and lowercase
'k' appear identical, contact Wollongong for an update to a 
corrected terminal font.
PC Tools 7.1: restore problems
PC Tools 7.1 does not check backups for data integrity while
restoring, thus possibly restoring corrupt data due to media 
errors on the disks.  This is not a bug, but a deficiency in PC 
Tools, and is unlikely to be corrected prior to the release of 
the next version.

PC Tools also sometimes corrupts the last disk while doing a
restore.  Once the last disk has been read, you should 
immediately remove it from the drive.
Procomm Plus for Windows: Pasted text has extra CR/LFs	93-04-25
Prcomm assumes that it needs to add a return/linefeed to the end
of every pasted line.  If you are pasting from an unformatted 
text file, this is probably not the case.  As a workaround, you 
can use the macro below:

; VIPASTE.WAS v 1.00  Paste function for Unix hosts
;***************************************************************
******
;*

*
;* VIPASTE.WAS                                                   
*
;* Copyright (C) 1992 Datastorm Technologies, Inc.               
*
;* All rights reserved.                                          
*
;*                                                               
*
;* Purpose:  Pastes the current contents of the Windows Clipboard
*
;*           to the terminal screen, stripping Line Feed
characters. *
;*           This is especially useful on Unix system.           
*
;*                                                               
*
;* This ASPECT SCRIPT is intended only as a sample of ASPECT     
*
;* programming.  DATASTORM makes no warranty of any kind, express
or *
;* implied, including without limitation, any warranties of mer- 
*
;* chantability and/or fitness for a particular purpose.  Use of 
*
;* this program is at your own risk.                             
*
;*                                                               
*
;* Author:  Chuck Spohr                                          
*
;*                                                               
*
;****************************************************************
*****


proc main
   integer LFSetting
 
   cliptofile TEXT "\CLIPBRD.TMP"   ; Capture clipboard text to
a file
   fetch ascii upld_lf LFSetting    ; Store current value before
change
   set ascii upld_lf STRIP          ; Set Linefeed Strip option
   sendfile ascii "\CLIPBRD.TMP"    ; ASCII upload the file
 
   delfile "\CLIPBRD.TMP"           ; Clean up
 
   switch LFSetting                 ; Reset Line Feed traslation
based 
      case 0                        ; on previously stored value
         set ascii upld_lf STRIP
      endcase
      case 1
         set ascii upld_lf CR_LF
      endcase
      case 2
         set ascii upld_lf LF
      endcase
   endswitch
endproc

Procomm Plus for Windows: Zmodem transfer startup
If you initiate a Zmodem transfer from Procomm, the other end of
the link may or may not automatically detect the start of a 
transfer, depending on the software at that end; it's not 
dependent on Procomm.  Specifically, the sz/rz software on Unix 
does not start Zmodem transfers automatically.
Quattro Pro for Windows 1.0: Accessing drive D:	93-10-11
The initial version of QPW insists on accessing all your drives
(including CD-ROMs) when it starts up.  This problem is 
corrected in the newer version 5.0.
Quattro Pro for Windows 1.0: Cut and paste to other
applications	93-04-25
The intitial release of Quattro Pro only supports a few graphics
formats for clipboard cut and paste, and does not include WPG 
(WordPerfect Graphics) or WMF (Windows MetaFile) support.  Thus 
WordPerfect for Windows 1.0 will not be able to paste Quattro's 
graphics.
Quattro Pro for Windows: High resource requirements	92-12-16
Quattro Pro always uses a large amount of Windows' available
system resources, and if you do heavy graphics, you can exhaust 
all available resources, making it necessary to restart Windows.



This is apparently due to Borland's use of the OWL libraries,
and no fix is yet available.
Quattro Pro for Windows: Numeric format alignment	93-04-25
Quattro Pro does not correctly align non-decimal numbers
formatted with the Comma or Decimal formats, leaving a space 
for the non-existent decimal point.  No fix is yet available.
Quattro Pro for Windows: OLE and DDE problems	92-12-21
Quattro Pro's OLE and DDE functionality is acknowledged to be
buggy; however, no fix is yet available.
Quattro Pro for Windows: Saving over foreign formats	92-12-30
If you open a foreign format (such as Excel or 1-2-3)
spreadsheet, make some changes, and select File  Save, Quattro 
Pro' will delete the original document prior to telling you it 
can't save it.

No fix is yet available.
Quicken for Windows: conflicts with communications software
If Quicken produces a General Protection Fault on startup when
you have a communications package already running, it is likely 
trying to get at the serial port (which is already in use).

To correct this problem, select Edit  Preferences  Electronic
Payment, and disable all the bank accounts.  Click OK, and exit 
Quicken.  If this does not cure the problem, select Edit  
Preferences  Modem Settings, and set Quicken to use a different 
serial port than your communications package.

If you actually want to use the electronic payment feature of
Quicken, you will not be able to run it at the same time as a 
communications package.
Ventura Publisher 3.0: divide by zero errors	92-09-19
Ventura Publisher 3.0 may get frequent divide by zero errors
when used with Windows 3.1.  These appear to be related to 
non-Microsoft TrueType fonts, which Ventura is unable to use 
reliably (the TrueType fonts from CorelDraw also cause 
problems).  You may wish to remove either all or selected 
non-Microsoft TrueType fonts from your system to prevent the 
Ventura errors.

Ventura Publisher will also refuse to run with a display driver
which uses more than 256 colors.
WinFax Pro 2.0	92-09-19
If you are having difficulty sending faxes with WinFax Pro,
check the date of the file mod.exe; if it is 1-16-92 16:51, 
62,976 bytes , you should get a replacement from Delrina (call 
cuatomer support at (800) 268-6082).
Word for Windows: accessing fonts
Word for Windows shows in its font menu the fonts currently
available for the selected output device, not the display 
device.  You can still use, say, vector fonts that you 
installed, by typing the name of the font in the edit box.  
Windows will draw vector fonts on the output device without 
problems  you may or may not like the results. Screen fonts are 
also useable for printing on dot-matrix printers.  These 
problems do not occur with TrueType fonts in Windows 3.1, as 
they are available both on the printer and on the display.

After you have installed new fonts (TrueType, ATM or any
others), you need to force Word for Windows to refresh its 
output device font list.  The easiest way to do this is to do 
File  Printer  Setup, click Setup, then click OK, and finally 
OK again.
Word for Windows 2.0: can't install additional components
If Word for Windows won't install additional components (such as
the thesaurus or spellchecker) because it claims Word is not 
yet installed, check your win.ini file, and make sure that under 
[Microsoft Word 2.0], you have the line ProgramDir=C:\WINWORD 
(or whatever your Word for Windows directory name is).
Word for Windows 2.0: can't print envelopes	93-08-06
Word for Windows has a bug which prevents you from printing
envelopes if Tools  Options  Print  Reverse Order Printing 
is turned on.  One workaround is to insert the envelope into 
your document (instead of printing directly) and then print just 
the single page from the document.  You can also automate the 
turning off of reverse printing by using this macro written by 
John Steele, jcs@ibmpcug.co.uk:

Sub MAIN
Dim dlg As ToolsOptionsPrint
GetCurValues dlg
Rev = dlg.Reverse
ToolsOptionsPrint .Reverse = 0
Redim dlg As ToolsCreateEnvelope
GetCurValues dlg
Dialog dlg
Super ToolsCreateEnvelope dlg
ToolsOptionsPrint .Reverse = Rev
End Sub                                                         

Word for Windows 2.0: equation editor fonts
If Word for Windows complains about missing MT Extra or MT
Fences fonts, but they are installed in the control panel, you 
will need to reinstall them (this most commonly happens if you 
upgrade to Windows 3.1 after installing Word for Windows).  This 
is easiest done by using Word's Setup program to remove Equation 
Editor, removing the MT Extra and MT Fences fonts with Control 
Panel, and then reinstalling the Equation Editor.

This bug most frequently occurs if your printer port is set to
FILE: when installing Word for Windows.
Word for Windows 2.0: equations have too much white 
space	92-09-27
If you're using superscipts or subscripts in your equation, there
will likely be too much whitespace above the equation.  If you 
check the character format, the equation will be subscripted by 
a large number, such as 40 points.  You can manually reset the 
subscript amount; however, the subscript will be set again when 
you print, if you have Update Fields checked under File  Print 
 Options.

You can also use the following macro (written by Harvey Cohen,
hsc@honet6.attcom) to correct the spacing of all the equations 
in your document:
Sub MAIN
StartOfDocument
ViewFieldCodes 1
EditFindClearFormatting
EditReplaceChar .Font = "", .Points = "", .Bold = - 1, .Italic =
- 1,
		.Strikeout = - 1, .Hidden = - 1, .SmallCaps = - 1, 
		.AllCaps = - 1, .Underline = - 1, .Color = - 1,
		.Position = "0pt", .Spacing = ""
EditReplace .Find = "^19EMBED EQUATION ", .Replace = "^m", 
		.WholeWord = 1, .MatchCase = 1, .Format = 1, .ReplaceAll = 1
ViewFieldCodes 0
End Sub

This problem is corrected in Word for Windows 2.0b.
Word for Windows 2.0: file too big to save	92-11-09
This appears to be an oocasional problem with versions 2.0 and
2.0a, although most users never experience it, even when 
working with large documents.

Some of the workarounds that have been reported to work for some
users are:
	Select the entire document and paste it into another document
	Select a non-PostScript printer and save
	Save the document as RTF
	Turn off Fast Save
Word for Windows 2.0: headers and graphics
If you have problems with disappearing headers or footers, or
with displayable graphics not printing, call Microsoft customer 
support for an upgrade to version 2.0a.
Word for Windows 2.0: mixed landscape/portrait document eats
system resources	93-04-30
You may experience problems with a mixed landscape/portrait-mode
document consuming all available system resources.  This is 
caused by a bug in an early version of the pscript.drv 
PostScript driver.  This problem is corrected by getting a new 
copy of the PostScript driver, with version 3.53 or later.
Word for Windows 2.0b: printing from Print Preview
If you install the macros in pss.doc (included with Word 2.0b),
you will no longer be able to print from the Print Preview 
window.  The following are two workarounds provided by Ron 
Apland <apland@mala.bc.ca>:

	Select Tools  Macro  Edit FilePrint, erase the existing macro
and insert the following:
   Sub MAIN
       Dim dlg As FilePrint
       GetCurValues dlg
       Dialog dlg
       Super FilePrint dlg
   EndSub
          	This will get you back to the original print macro.
                                                                

	Select Tools  Macro  Edit FilePrint, and insert the following
immediately after Sub MAIN:
     chkpv = FilePrintPreview()
     If chkpv <> 0 Then
       Dim dlg As FilePrint
       GetCurValues dlg
       Dialog dlg
       Super FilePrint dlg
       Goto Bye
     EndIf
           	This will run the original print macro if and only
if you are using Print Preview.
WordPerfect for Windows: mixed landscape/portrait document eats
resources	93-04-30
You may experience problems with a mixed landscape/portrait-mode
document consuming all available system resources.  This is 
caused by a bug in an early version of the pscript.drv 
PostScript driver.  This problem is corrected by getting a new 
copy of the PostScript driver, with version 3.53 or later.
WordPerfect for Windows 1.0: floppy access
If  WordPerfect for Windows refuses to access your A: drive, add
the line
HighFloppyReads=0
in the [386Enhanced] section of your system.ini file.
WordPerfect for Windows 1.0: button bar won't display
If  WordPerfect for Windows won't display your button bar
despite selecting it from the menus, make sure it is looking in 
the right directory.  Select Macros  Keyboards  Button Bars, 
and make sure the directory is set to your macros subdirectory.
WordPerfect for Windows 1.0: crashes with 256-color display
driver	92-09-21
WordPerfect for Windows may crash (with a UAE or GPF) when used 
with a display driver capable of using more than 16 colors, or 
when used with ATI's Crystal Fonts driver.  To correct this 
problem, contact WordPerfect technical support, and request a 
copy of the interim release.  Once you have the interim release, 
start it with the /fl option to avoid crashes.
WordPerfect for Windows 5.2: incorrect table of contents	93-04-30

WordPerfect for Windows 5.2 (and possibly also 1.0) may produce
an incorrect table of contents for your document.  If this 
happens, try removing any conditional end-of-pages and block 
protects.  This problem will apparently not be corrected until 
version 6.0.
WordPerfect for Windows 1.0: mixing landscape and portrait pages
WordPerfect for Windows will not allow you to mix landscape and
portrait pages in a single document if you are using a Windows 
printer driver.  This is a known limitation and not classified 
as a bug.
WordPerfect for Windows 1.0: printing with TrueType
WordPerfect for Windows will correctly print documents
 containing TrueType fonts only if one of the following is true:


	You are using a Windows-based printer driver, not a WordPerfect
one.
	You are using a TrueImage printer, with a WordPerfect driver
which supports TrueType.
Available Windows 3.x applications
The following sections list some of the applications available
for Windows 3.x  While it does not attempt to be a 
comprehensive list, it does attempt to list the most popular 
commercial software packages and some selected shareware.  This 
is not intended to be a review, but, rather, an overview of 
available titles.  You should perform your own evaluation to 
determine the software best suited to your needs.

All prices listed are U.S. list prices at time of compilation,
and cannot guaranteed to be correct.

If the application is available on another platform at better or
at least substantially the same level of development, a code 
indicating that is shown in the header.

[Mac]	Macintosh
[Sun]	Sun OpenLook
[Motif]	Motif
[NeXT]	NeXTSTEP
[PM]	OS/2 Presentation Manager

See the Windows Programming Tools FAQ for a description of
available development tools.

Mainstream productivity applications

Desktop publishing	93-07-15

	ArcheType Designer
Archetype.  A full-featured package for relatively short
commercial material such as ads and brochures.  List $ 795.

	Express Page
Carberry Technology.  An front end for PageMaker for doing quick
layout designs and draft versions.  List $ 195.

	FrameMaker for Windows  [Sun] [Motif] [Mac] [NeXT]
Frame.  A high-end integrated word processing and desktop
publishing package.  List $ 795.

	FrameView
Myoung-Jun Kim.  An alpha version of a frame-base DTP package
with drawing capabilities.  Free.

	Microsoft Publisher
Microsoft.  An easy-to-use package with an extensive feature set
but missing high-end capabilties.  List $ 199.

	PageMaker for Windows  [Mac]
Aldus.  A full-featured high-end package; with the recent
update, the user interface once again seems fairly modern.  
List $ 795.

	PagePlus for Windows
Serif.  A low-price packaged with a wide variety of high-end
features, such as OLE and irregular word wrap.  No color 
separation capability.  List $ 59 (PagePlus), $ 99 (PagePlus and 
100+ TrueType fonts).

	Publish It!
Timeworks.  A feature-rich basic package.  List $ 199.

	QuarkXPress for Windows [Mac]
Quark.  A high-end package with precise layout and positioning
and powerful color handling.  List $ 895.

	Ventura Publisher, Windows Edition
Xerox.  A full-featured high-end package, ported from the
original GEM-based version.  List $ 795.
Integrated sofware	92-10-03

	CA-Simply Business
Computer Associates.  Accounting, word processing, 3-D
spreadsheet, project scheduling and graphics.  List $ 567.

	Eight-In-One for Windows
Spinnaker.  Word processor, spreadsheet, database,
communications and graphics.  List $ 59.

	PFS: WindowWorks
Spinnaker.  Word processor, spreadsheet, database,
communications and graphics.  List $ 149.

	Microsoft Works for Windows  [Mac]
Microsoft.  Word processor, spreadsheet, database, communications
and graphics.  List $ 199.

	Microsoft Works for Windows, Multimedia Edition
Microsoft.  Word processor, spreadsheet, database,
communications and graphics.  Multimedia tutorial; available on 
CD-ROM only.  List $ 199.

Three other available packages, Microsoft Office, Lotus
SmartSuite and Borland/WordPerfect Office, consist of bundled 
individual applications from the respective vendors, and are not 
integrated systems in the traditional sense.

Spreadsheets	93-09-30

	CA-Compete!
Computer Associates.  A multidimensional spreadsheet, aimed at
financial analysis,  with an Excel 4.0-based user interface.  
More conventional than Improv, but still an excellent data 
analysis tool.  List $ 495.

	Excel for Windows 5.0  [Mac] [Sun]
Microsoft.  A full-featured high-end spreadsheet with OLE2
support, strong analysis and macro language features.  List $ 
495.

	I Hate Algebra
T/Maker.  A basic spreadsheet intended for rudimentary financial
activities such as tracking accounts, cash flow and expenses.  
List $ 39.

	Improv for Windows  [NeXT]
Lotus.  An unconventional (maybe even revolutionary) spreadsheet
designed for multidimensional models using English-like 
formulas.  List $ 495.

	Lotus 1-2-3 for Windows  [Mac] [PM]
Lotus.  A high-end spreadsheet with extensive 3D and full 1-2-3
Classic compatability.  Suffers from poor performance compared 
to Excel and Quattro Pro.  List $ 495.

	Quattro Pro for Windows 
Borland.  A high-end spreadsheet with a low-end price.  Has a
notebook 3D idiom, and features and performance rival Excel.  
List $ 99.

	Quattro Pro for Windows, Workgroup Edition
Borland.  A version of Quattro Pro with advanced workgrouping
features.  List $ 495.

	Thinx
Bell Atlantic.  Not really a spreadsheet, but an application
allowing you to build data and links between objects.  List $ 
495.

	WingZ  [Mac] [PM]
Informix.  Originally an innovative and highly graphical
midrange spreadsheet, now somewhat out of date.  List $ 499.
Word processing	94-02-22

	Am Pro 3.0
Lotus.  A full-featured high-end package with desktop publishing
features.  Ami Pro 3.0 matches Word for Windows 2.0 in power 
and features, but the current version is a bit outdated compared 
to Word 6.  List $ 495.

	CA-Textor
Computer Associates.  A low-end word processor with OLE, tables
and English/French spell checker.  List $ 99.

	DeScribe  [PM]
DeScribe.  A midrange word processor strong on page layout, but
overall not in the class of Ami Pro and Word for Windows.  List 
$ 495.

	Easy Working
Spinnaker.  An easy-to-use package intended for light use such
as memos, letters, faxes and to-do lists.  Includes mail-merge. 
List $ 50.

	FrameMaker for Windows  [Mac] [Motif] [Sun] [NeXT]
Frame.  A high-end integrated word processing and desktop
publishing package.  List $ 795.

	JPW
?.  A Japanese-language word processor.  Free.

	JustWrite  [Mac]
Symantec.  An easy-to-use midrange package.  No OLE support. 
List $ 249.

	Legacy
WordStar.  A frame-oriented high-end package.  Catching up
(including a BASIC-like macro language), but not yet a match 
for Ami Pro or Word.  List $ 495.

	Lotus Write
Lotus.  A low-end easy-to-use package, previously sold as Samna
Ami and then Lotus Ami.  Has SmartIcons and OLE, and includes 
ATM.  List $ 199.

	Professional Write Plus
SPC.  A mid-range package with an E-mail interface.  List $ 249.


	Scientific Word
TCI.  A Windows front end to TeX/LaTeX.  While this is an
admirable attempt to combine the user-friendliness of Windows 
with the capabilities of TeX, the GUI front end falls far short 
of making it easy to take advantage of the power of TeX.  List $ 
395.

	Signature
XYQuest.  The Windows-based successor to XYWrite (which was
commonly used by numerous magazine professionals).  Fully 
featured with a customizable toolbar.  List $ 495.

	WinText
Palsoft.  A lightweight executive word processor.  List $ 195.

	WiziWord
Microsystems Engineering.  A heavy-duty word processor aimed at 
technical documentation.  Includes a technical drawing editor 
and supports HPGL and Tektronix graphics.  List $ 595.

	Word for Windows  [Mac] [Sun]
Microsoft.  A full-featured high-end package aimed more at
writing than at desktop publishing.  Includes OLE2 support and 
WordPerfect command emulation.  List $ 495.

	WordPerfect for Windows [Mac] [Sun] [Motif] [PM]
WordPerfect.  A full-featured high-end package.  Includes all
WordPerfect printer drivers and a choice of CUA or WordPerfect 
user interface.  Latest version is feature-laden but has some 
performance problems.  List $ 495.

	WordStar for Windows
WordStar.  A midrange package originally based on Ami (unlike
the NBI Legend-based Wordstar Legacy), with strong graphics and 
frame manipulation.  Has OLE and DDE support but no macros.  
List $ 119.
Word processing utilities	93-10-17

	Correct Grammar
Writing Tools Group.  Corrects grammar and analyzes writing
styles from any Windows application. List $ 119.

	Dorland's Medical Dictionary
Dorland.  A specialized medical dictionary for most
Windows-based word processors. List $ 99.

	DVIWindo
Y&Y.  A TeX previewer for Windows.  List $ 175.

	Funk and Wagnalls Standard Desk Dictionary
Inductel.  A dictionary with secretarial handbook, gazette and
abbreviation directory.  List $ 79.

	Ghostview for Windows
Russell Lang.  A full-featured document viewer using
Ghostscript.  Free.

	Grammatik Windows
Reference Software.  Grammar and style checker and analyzer for
Word, WordPerfect and Ami Pro. List $ 99.

	MathType
Design Science.  An excellent equation editor for Windows. List
$ 249.

	OmniSpell
Caere.  An extended spell checker with a 100,000 word main
dictionary and specialized medical and legal dictionaries. List 
$ 100.

	QuoteMaster Plus
Que.  A quote database oriented towards speeches and business
documents. List $ 99.

	Refs
Tim Cutts.  An academic reference database manager with a
friendly face. Registration  30 (approx. $ 45).

	RightWriter
Que.  A grammar and style checker for Windows. List $ 99.

	Spell checker & thesaurus
Alki.  Foreign language spell checkers and thesauri for Word for
Windows: Danish, Dutch, Finnish, German, Italian, Portuguese, 
Swedish and Spanish. List $ ? each.

	WinRefer
Simon Dobson.  A reference management and searching utility,
including refer, Medline and ISI format compatability. Free.

	WOPR
Pinecliffe International.  An extensive set of utilities for
Word for Windows, including a toolbar bitmap editor. 
Registration $ 49.

	WParse
Willem Bison.  A WordPerfect file parser/decoder/disassembler.
Free.

	Word for Windows Cross-Reference Assistance
John Steele.  Automates and eases cross-referencing in Word for
Windows.  Registration $ 10.

	Word for Windows UK spelling dictionary and thesaurus
Microsoft.  A British spelling dictionary and thesaurus is
available from Microsoft for Canadian Word for Windows users.  
Free.
Information management

Databases, non-programmable	93-09-20

	AceFile for Windows
Ace.  An easy-to-use database with a very good user interface
and excellent reporting capabilities but mediocre database 
functionality.  List $ 199.

	Approach for Windows
Lotus.  A simple database with strong database functions but
serious limitations for programming.  List $ 399.

	DataEase for Windows
DataEase.  A capable low-end database with a flashy user
interface, suffering from bugs and a lack of comprehensive 
import facilities.  List $ 395.

	FileMaker Pro [Mac]
Claris.  A well-designed port of the Macintosh FileMaker,
offering good scripting and layout capabilities, but weak 
multifile features.  List $ 399.

	Instant Database
Asymetrix.  A clever but fairly limited database based on the
Toolbook.  List $ 95.

	Key Database Plus
SoftKey.  A template-based database manager with extensive
graphics support.  List $ 59.

	PrimaBase
SPCS.  A low-end database with sophisticated multifile handling
an reporting, but character-oriented user interface.  List $ 
349.

	Q+E Database Editor
Q+E.  An innovative interface for accessing xBASE, DB2, Btrieve,
Microsoft SQL and other databases.  List $ 299.

	Windows Filer
Palsoft.  A fairly basic package; includes xBASE file
compatability.  List $ 195.

	Wyndfields for Windows
Wyndware.  A basic database with menu-based quick record access.
List $ 99.
Databases, programmable	94-02-22

	Access
Microsoft.  A highly visually oriented full-featured database
with strong GUI features, including OLE fields, Visual 
Basic-like programming and visual database construction.  SQL 
and ODBC support.  List $ 695.

	CA-dBFast for Windows 
Computer Associates.  A fast and powerful xBase compatible
database; allows for either quick-and-dirty xBase ports or 
full-blown Windows applications.  List $ 550.

	DB Vista III
Raima.  A network (not relational) database.

	dBase for Windows
Borland.  Announced, but not expected to be shipping until 1Q94.
Feature set not well known.

	FoxPro for Windows  [Mac] [Unix]
Microsoft.  A Windows rewrite of FoxPro, with many
Windows-specific features.  Fast and powerful, using the xBase 
programming language.  List $ 495.

	Paradox for Windows
Borland.  Announced, but not shipping.  A new Windows version of
the venerable Paradox for DOS.  Many GUI features and an 
object-based programming language, but programs are not 
compatible with the DOS version.  List $ 795.

	Personal Access
Spinnaker.  An easy-to-use programmable database using a
HyperCard-like metaphor.  Includes access to dBase, Paradox, 
Btrieve and Oracle databases,  List $ 695.

	Progress  [Sun] [Motif] [PM]
Progress Software.  A Windows version of the powerful Progress
4GL, which runs on DOS, OS/2, VMS, AS/400, and dozens of 
different Unix versions.  Version 6.3 provides limited access to 
Windows interface; version 7.0, due in early 1994, will access a 
fuller feature set.  List $ 1175.  Runtime licence $ 225.

	Quadbase-SQL/Win
Quadbase.  A multiuser ANSI SQL Level 2-based database. 
Includes a DLL for Visual Basic integration.  List $ 795.

	Superbase
SPC.  A graphical database package with some user interface
oddities and problems, but with solid programming and graphics 
support.  List $ 795.

	WindowBase
SPI.  A fairly easy-to-use package with midrange features and
application development tools.  List $ 299.

Form processing and management	93-09-20

	BeyondMail Forms Designer
Beyond.  A BeyondMail-based forms package for designing and
routing forms data through email.  List $ 395.

	Business Forms
Wizardworks.  A standalone printed form designer.  List $ 39.

	EZ-Form Master
EZX.  An extensible midrange forms processing system.  List $
189.

	FormFlow
Delrina.  An email-based forms package designed to route form
data through workgroups.  List $ 399 (Manager), $ 150 (User).

	FormMaster
Information Integration.  A printed form design and production
package.  List $ 119.

	Forms
Prisma.  A forms processing package with 150 templates included.
List $ 89.

	FormsWorx for Windows
Spinnaker.  Forms design, entry and processing with xBASE
compatability.  List $ 150.

	InForms
WordPerfect.  A forms management package with links to a variety
of databases, such as dBase, FoxPro and Paradox.  List $ 495.

	JetForm-Design
JetForm.  Online forms design and processing with customizable
toolbar, OLE, xBASE and Paradox support.  Optional email 
capability.  List $ 495.  Runtime (JetForm-Filler) $ 129.

	Key FormDesigner Plus
SoftKey Software Products.  Forms design and processing with
graphics and barcode support.  List $ 39.

	PerForm Pro Plus
Delrina.  A leading forms management package with multiple
database and OO programming capability.  List $ 399.

	WindForm
Ibis.  Form design and processing application with scanner
support.  List $ 99.

	Windows Form Maker
Cosmi.  A basic forms processing package with the essentials
included.  List $ 39.


Project management	93-09-20

	Artemis Prestige for Windows
Lucas Management Systems.  A high-end project management 
package with minicomputer database connectivity.  List $ 4,995.

	CA-SuperProject for Windows 
Computer Associates.  A midrange rewrite of the venerable
DOS-based package.  Includes access capability for C and Visual 
Basic.  List $ 895.

	CADENCE ProjectMaster
CADENCE.  A low-end package with task/responsibility linking. 
List $ 295.

	ManagePro for WIndows
Avantos Performance Systems.  A crossover between a PIM and a
project manager, with strength in group goal tracking.  List $ 
395.

	Micro Planner for Windows
Micro Planning International.  A middle-of-the-pack system with
good multiple project handling.  List $ 595.

	Microsoft Project for Windows  [Mac]
Microsoft.  A midrange package with excellent user interfce but
less emphasis on advanced scheduling.  List $ 695.

	Milestones, Etc.
KIDASA.  A low-end package oriented toward graphical scheduling.
List $ 189.

	OnTarget
Symantec.  A low-end package aimed at non-technical project
managers.  List $ 129.

	PARISS Enterprise
Computer Aided Management.  A midrange package with excellent
 user interfce but less emphasis on advanced scheduling.  $ 695.



	Project Director
AdRem.  List $ ?.

	Scitor Project Scheduler 
Scitor.  List $ ?.

	Texim Project for Windows
Welcom Software Technology.  A high-end project management
package with high ease-of-use and risk, cost and resource 
management capabilities.  List $ 1,295 (single user), $ 4,775 (5 
user).
Graphics and illustration

Databases, image

	MultimediaBase
Harley.  List $ ?.

	MediaOrganizer
Lenel.  List $ ?.

	ProFile for Windows
IEV.  List $ 295.

	ShoeBox for Windows
Kodak.  Announced, due to ship 4Q92.  List $ 295.
Charting (flow and organizational)	93-01-02

	ABC Flowcharter
Roykore.  A dedicated flowcharting package.  List $ 295.

	Chartist
Novagraph.  A diagramming and flowcharting package. 
Registration $ ?.

	Instant ORGcharting!
Roykore.  A dedicated organizational charting package.  List $
295.

	Org Plus for Windows
Banner Blue Software.  A specialized package for creating 
organizational charts.  List $ ?.

	RFFlow
RFF Electronics.  A drawing package for flowcharts,
organizational charts, and data flow diagrams.  List $ 129.

	Visio
ShapeWare.  A drawing package specialized in diagrams and
flowcharts, with OLE2 support and user-modifiable master 
patterns.  List $ 299.

Drawing and illustration	93-01-02

	Arts & Letters Graphics Editor
Computer Support.  A fairly easy-to-use high-end package.  List
$ 695.

	Arts & Letters Apprentice
Computer Support.  A stripped-down version of A&L.  List $ 125.

	Autodesk 3D Concepts
Autodesk.  A 3D surface modeling package.  Reads Generic CADD
and DXF files.  List $ 249.

	CorelDRAW!
Corel.  The market leader in high-end drawing and illustration
software, with extensive set of graphics and image manipulation 
tools.  Available on CD-ROM.  List $ 595.

	Freehand
Aldus.  A high-end drawing and illustration package.  List $
595.

	Graphics Works
Micrografx.  A semi-integrated package containing Windows Draw,
PhotoMagic, OrgChart and clip art and photo collections.  List 
$ 199.

	Harvard Draw for Windows 
SPC.  A high-end drawing package.  List $ 595.

	Micrografx Designer 
Micrografx.  A high-end package oriented towards technical
illustration.  List $ 695.

	Microsoft Draw 
Microsoft.  A very basic package with OLE.  Included with Word
for Windows.

	Professional Draw
Gold Disk.  A powerful high-end drawing package.  List $ 595.

	Smart Draw for Windows
The Other Operation.  A 2-D CAD package for Windows.  List $ 99.


	VentanaDraw 
Micrografx.  A low-end drawing package.  List $ 149.

	Visio
ShapeWare.  A drawing package specialized in diagrams and
flowcharts, with OLE2 support and user-modifiable master 
patterns.  List $ 299.

	Windows Draw 
Micrografx.  A low-end package with many high-end features, OLE
and TrueType fonts.  List $ 149.

	XVT Draw  [Mac] [Sun] [Motif] [PM]
XVT.  A shareware package with very basic features.  Registration 
$ ?.
Graphics conversion	93-04-12

	DoDOT
Halcyon.  Extensive file conversions and full-color editing. 
List $ 189..

	Graphics Workshop for Windows
Alchemy Mindworks.  An image conversion and manipulation utility
with an extensive feature set.  Registration $ 40.

	HiJaak for Windows
Inset.  A screen capture (for Windows and DOS) and conversion
utility.  List $ 199.

	Image-In Paint and Scan
Image-In.  A grayscale painting and image processing package. 
List $ 99.

	PaintShop Pro
JASC.  A shareware package with extensive capture, file
 conversion and color manipulation features.  Registration $ 49.


	pixFolio
?.  A shareware image converter and cataloger.  Registration $
?.

Image viewers	94-02-12

	ColorView, ColorView/386
Millenium Technologies.  A shareware package with both GIF and
JPEG support.  Version 0.97 is quite fast but somewhat buggy.  
Registration $ 30.

	Ghostscript for Windows
L. Peter Deutsch.  EPS (Encapsulated PostScript) viewer with a
minimal user interface.  Free.

	Ghostview for Windows
Russell Lang.  A full-featured document viewer using
Ghostscript.  Free.

	JView, JView/386
David Holliday.  A fairly fast JPEG-only viewer.  Free.

	PaintShop Pro
JASC.  A shareware package with 24-bit color and good dithering;
now including JPEG support and considerable image manipulation 
capabilities.  Registration $ 49.

	pixFolio
?.  A shareware image converter and cataloger.  Registration $
?.

	ThumbsUp
Cerious.  Graphic image viewer and manager with wide format
support.  Registration $ 50.

	WinGIF
A GIF viewer, but with no JPEG support.  Registration $ ?.

	WinJPEG
A Windows JPEG viewer.  Registration $ ?.
Painting and image editing	94-02-12

	CA-Cricket Image
Computer Associates.  A 24-bit image processing and conversion
package.  List $ 92 until 93-01-31, regularly $ 295.

	CA-Cricket Paint
Computer Associates.  A 24-bit painting and image editing
package.  List $ 92 until 93-01-31, regularly $ 595.

	CorelDRAW!
Corel.  The market leader in high-end drawing and illustration 
software, with extensive set of graphics and image manipulation 
tools.  Available on CD-ROM.  List $ 595.

	DoDOT
Halcyon.  Extensive file conversions and full-color editing. 
List $ 189..

	Fractal Design Painter
Fractal Design.  Fully-featured package oriented towards
original image creation.  List $ 399.

	Graphics Works
Micrografx.  A semi-integrated package containing Windows Draw,
PhotoMagic, OrgChart and clip art and photo collections.  List 
$ 199.

	Image-In Color
Image-In.  A 24-bit image processing and retouching package. 
List $ 495.

	Image-In Paint and Scan
Image-In.  A grayscale painting and image processing package. 
List $ 99.

	Image Pals
Image-In.  A 24-bit image processing  and management package,
with JPEG support.  List $ 249.

	PhotoFinish
ZSoft.  A low-end image manipulation package, with good MDI
interface, 24-bit color and JPEG support.  List $ 199.

	PhotoMagic
Micrografx.  A low-end 24-bit color image manipulation package,
with JPEG support.  List $ 149.

	PaintShop Pro
JASC.  A shareware package with 24-bit color and good dithering;
now including JPEG support and considerable image manipulation 
capabilities.  Registration $ 49.

	Picture Publisher
Micrografx.  A powerful image manipulation package.  List $ 795.


	Publishers' Paintbrush
Zsoft.  Extensive 24-bit painting and image manipulation
capabilities.  List $ 495.
Presentation and business graphics	93-04-12

	3-D Charts To Go!
BLOC.  An easy-to-use (but fairly basic) charting package.  List
$ 99.

	Action!
Macromedia.  A top quality presentation package with excellent
tools and output quality, but no 24-bit color support.  List $ 
495.

	Arts & Letters Graphic Composer 
Computer Support Corp.  A full-featured presentation package
with 24-bit support.  List $ 395.

	Charisma
Micrografx.  A high-end charting and business graphics package. 
List $ 495.  

	DeltaGraph Professional
Deltapoint.  A scientific/business graphics package  List $ ?.

	Freelance for Windows
Lotus.  A fully featured charting and business graphics package.
List $ 495.

	Harvard Graphics for Windows 
SPC.  A full-featured Windows-based rewrite of the venerable
Harvard Graphics for DOS.  List $ ?.

	Hollywood
Claris.  A high-end presentation package, previously marketed by
IBM.  List $ 499.  

	Origin
MicroCal.  A technically oriented presentation package with
 graph layers.  Suitable for scientific graphics.  List $ 495.  



	Persuasion
Aldus.  A high-end package capable of output to 35mm slides and
other transparencies.  List $ 495.

	Pixie
Zenographics.  A midrange business graphics package.  List $
295.

	Powerpoint  [Mac]
Microsoft.  A full-featured presentation software package.  List
$ 495.

	Stanford Graphics for Windows
3-D Visions.  A presentation software package with many
technical features, but not enough for serious scientic graphs. 
With extensive 3D graphics and other powerful features, but 
will make a 486/33 seem slow.  List $ 495.
Technical and Scientific Plotting	94-02-12

	DeltaGraph Professional
Deltapoint.  A scientific/business graphics package  List $ ?.

	FGraph
Marc Felisky.  A fairly basic (but high performance) scientific
plotting package.  Registration $ ?.

	GNUplot for Windows
The GNU Project.  A command-line driven plotting package, also
available on a wide variety of other platforms.  Free.

	Graphicon
Cygron.  A function visualizer with numerical calculus and
optimization capabilities.  Limited version available free via 
ftp.  List $ 300.  

	Origin
MicroCal.  A technically oriented presentation package with
 graph layers.  Suitable for scientific graphics.  List $ 495.  



	SigmaPlot
?.  A scientific plotting package.  List $ ?.

	Spyglass Slicer and Spyglass Transform
Spyglass.  Two high-end data analysis tools for Windows NT, with
extensive graphics and transformation capabilities.  List $ 595 
(Transform) and $ 695 (Slicer).

Personal information and finance management
Financial Management

	Balance Point
Moon Valley.  A personal finance manager with portfolio
management, but a poor user interface design.  List $ 59.

	Microsoft Money 
Microsoft.  An easy-to-use personal financial management
package, fairly comparable to Quicken but missing portfolio 
management.  List $ 69.

	Quicken for Windows  [Mac]
Intuit.  The benchmark for personal finance manager software. 
Compatible with the ubiquitous Quicken for DOS.  List $ 69.

	WinCheck
Wilson WindowWare.  A nicely designed shareware package, but
without portfolio management.  Registration $ 69.
Personal Information Managers 	94-02-12

	Active Life
1Soft.  A PIM aimed at scheduling and to-do lists.  Evaluation
copies are available from cica and other sites.  List $ 149.

	Address
GIR Software.  An easy-to-use WYSIWYG PIM with address
management, dialing, rolodex and more.  Registration $ 25.

	Ascend
NewQuest Technologies.  A high-end PIM with to-do lists, dialer,
scheduling and information management.  List $ 299.

	BusinessCards for Windows
Michael Dvorkin.  A simple Cardfile-like information manager. 
Registration $ ?.

	Commence
Jensen-Jones.  A high-end forms-based personal information
manager, from the developers of IBM Current.  Has a very 
flexible network-type database, but requires substantial initial 
effort to set up.  Includes DDE and agents (macro trigger 
events). List $ 295 (single user), $ 695 (3 user workgroup).

	Desktop Set
Okna.  Calendar, rolodex, dialer, to-do list, etc.  List $ 89.

	Desktop Set Jr.
Okna.  A freely distributable older version of the Desktop Set. 
Free.

	Epoch
Raindrop Software.  Scheduler and to-do list.  List $ 129.

	KeepTrack
Prisma Software.  Easy-to use lightweight cardfile.  List $ 29.

	ManagePro for WIndows
Avantos Performance Systems.  A crossover between a PIM and a
project manager, with strength in group goal tracking.  List $ 
395.

	Lotus Organizer
Lotus.  A low-priced PIM with extensive features.  Uses Day-Timer 
paradigm for organizing information.  List $ 149.

	PackRat
Polaris.  A high-end PIM with agenda, phonebook, to-do list,
financial management, project tracking, etc.  Network version 
available.  List $ 395.

	Pinboard
Raindrop Software.  Post-It notes for Windows.  List $ 129.

	Pin-Up
Post-It notes for Windows.  Registration $ 20..

	ShoeBox for Windows
R+R Associates.  A high-end PIM with group scheduling, project
and expense tracking, calendar and to-do lists.  List $ 395.

	WinPost
Eastern Mountain Software.  An excellent shareware package for
managing Post-It notes on the Windows desktop.  Registration $ 
30.

	Xtimelog
George Fredericks.  Activity and time tracking for billing and
project management.  Registration $ 49.

	YourWay
Prisma Software.  Time and contact management.  List $ 199.
Communications and networking
Networking and groupware

Groupware	92-09-20

	1Team
1Soft.  A networked PIM aimed at scheduling and to-do lists,
with a very similar user interface to Active Life.  Evaluation 
copies are available from cica and other sites.  List $ 295 
(2-user), $ 99 (additional users).

	Network Scheduler 3.0
PowerCore.  Network-based group scheduler.  List $ 395 (5-user),
$ 1,195 (25-user).

	Lotus Notes
Lotus.  Integrated information sharing using networks.  List $
62,500 (200-user).

	NOTE-IT
Chord. A network-based system of using Post-It notes.  List $
249 (unlimited).

	PackRat for Networks
Polaris.  A version of PackRat for networks, with group
scheduling, and document and information sharing.  List $ 695 
(3 users).

	Pinboard
Raindrop Software.  Post-It notes for Windows.  List $ 399
(unlimited).
Internet news and mail readers/utilities	94-02-15

	Cinetic Mail Manager
?.  A Windows-based mail reader for reading your Unix mailbox
through NFS.  Registration $ ?.

	CyberDesk
CyberCorp.  A Windows-based interface to mail, news and ftp. 
Uses a modem and a standard Unix shell account to access 
Internet services without requiring you to have TCP/IP software 
on the Windows PC.  List $ 179.

	Helldiver
?.  A Windows newsreader based on Waffle.  Registration $ ?.

	Mail-It
UniPalm.  A Windows mail program.  List $ ?.

	NetMinder
IMI Research.  An Internet mail address manager and database. 
Registration $ 45.

	Umail
Marcus Ranum. A Windows-based Unix mail manager; manages your
mail files through NFS, FTP or serial line.  Available by ftp 
at decuac.dec.com in directory pub/dos.  Free.

	UniQWK
A mail reader capable of including .WAV and .BMP files, and with
an extensive set of useability features.  Registration $ 30.

	WinBiff
Paul Steckler. A mail notification utility for use with UUPC,
Waffle, FSUUCP, Pegasus and PC-NFS.  Suggested registration $ 
10.

	WinQVTnet
QPC Software. NNTP and SLIP support.  Uses non-standard .newsrc
files.  Registration $ ?.

	WinNews
?.  A WinSock-based newsreader for Windows NT.  Registration ?.

	WinVN
Mark Riordan.  Available at ftp.cica.indiana.edu.  NNTP, SLIP
and serial support.  Free.

	WRN
Frank van der Hulst.  NNTP-based newsreader, inspired by xrn. 
Free.
Internet access utilities	94-02-12

	HGopher
Martyn Hampson.  A WinSock-based gopher client.  Free.

	HTTPS
EMWAC.  Multithreaded World Wide Web (WWW) server for Windows
NT.  Free.

	NCSA Mosaic
Chris Wilson and Neil Mittelhauser.  A WinSock-based Mosaic
implementation (WWW client).  Free.

TCP/IP Networking	92-12-01

	Chameleon TCP/IP
NetManage.  Telnet, FTP, printing and email.  List $ 400.

	Distinct TCP/IP
Distinct.  VT100-based Telnet, a TCP/IP file manager and a
TCP/IP backup utility.  List $ 395.

	Pathway Access
Wollongong.  Telnet, FTP, printing and optional NFS.  List $ 495
(?).

	Super-TCP
Frontier Technologies.  Telnet, FTP, printing and email.  List $
495.

X Window servers	93-08-06

	eXcursion
DEC.  List $ ?.

	FrameworX
IDE.  Includes TCP/IP.  List $ 545.

	eXodus for Windows

	HCL-eXceed/W
Hummingbird Communications.  X11R4 support; does not include
TCP/IP.  List $ 595.

	PC-Xvision for Windows
Spectragraphics.  X11R4 support; does not include TCP/IP.  List
$ 449.

	Unipal X Server
UniPalm.  X11R3 support; does not include TCP/IP.  List $ 495.

	XVision
UniPress Software.  X11R4 support.  List $ 449.
Communications and terminal emulation

Communications (ASCII)

	Crosstalk for Windows
DCA.  A totally revised high-end package with VT320, Zmodem and
LAN support.  List $ 195.

	Dynacomm
FutureSoft.  VT340 and Zmodem support.  List $ 249.

	EM320 Windows
Diversified Computer Systems.  VT320 emulation, Kermit.  List $
229.

	KEAterm 420
KEA Systems.  VT420 and SuperKermit over TCP/IP, Pathworks, LAT
and Int14.  List $ 245.

	MasterComm
MicroPlot Systems.  VT220, Tek4010, Tek4014, Kermit, XModem
support.  Connect through modem, DECNET, Novell, 3Com or 
TCP/IP.  List $ 95.

	MicroCourier
Microcom.  List $ 99.

	MicroPhone II for Windows  [Mac]
Software Ventures.  VT102, Zmodem and Novell support.  List $
195.

	Mirror
SoftKlone.  VT320 and Tektronix emulation with Zmodem, CIS-B and
Kermit protocols.  List $ 195.

	Procomm Plus for Windows 
Datastorm.  Numerous emulations (including VT320) and protocols
(including Zmodem) and an advanced (if somewhat non-standard) 
user interface.  List $ 139.

	Reflection 1 for Windows 
Walker Richer & Quinn.  HP2392A and HP700/92 emulation.  List $
399.

	Reflection 2 for Windows 
Walker Richer & Quinn.  VT320, Kermit, Xmodem.  List $ 299.

	Teemtalk 320W
Pericom Software.  VT320, HP2392A, DG200 emulation. Kermit,
XModem, YModem protocols.  List $ 195.

	Terminal Plus
FutureSoft.  An advanced version of Windows Terminal, usign a
similar user interface, with VT220 and Zmodem.  List $ 99.

	Unicom
Registration $ ?.

	WinQVT
Registration $ ?.

	WinTerm
Marketfield Software Development.  VT220 over TCP/IP, NetBIOS,
LAT, Int14 and others.  List $ 279.
Communications (IBM mainframe)	92-12-01

	Dynacomm Elite
FutureSoft.  3270 emulation through a variety of connections.  
List $ 495.

	Extra!
Attachmate.  3270 emulation through coax, TIC or LAN.  List $
425.

	IRMA WorkStation
DCA.  3270 emulation through a variety of connections, and also
including asynchronous terminal emulation.  List $ 495.

	LinkUp 3270 UniSession
Computer Logics.  3270 emulation and more.  List $ 295.

	Rumba
Wonderware.  3270 emulation with extensive GUI customization. 
List $ 495.

Facsimile	94-03-15

	Bitfax for Windows
Bit Software.  List $ 79.

	Bitfax/OCR for Windows
Bit Software.  With OCR support for converting faxes into text. 
List $ 199.

	Eclipse FAX
Eclipse.  A fax printer driver with thumbnails, OCR support and
good speed.  List $ 129 (with OCR), $ 99 (without OCR).

	EZ-FAX for Windows 
Calculus.  A fax printer driver.  List $ 499.

	FAXability
Intel.  A fax printer driver.  List $ 119.

	FAXability/OCR
Intel.  A fax printer driver with character recognition.  List $
249.

	FaxFiler/FaxCapture
Extended Systems.  A network fax management system.  List $ 695
/ $ 495.

	FAXit for Windows
SofNet.  A fax printer driver.  List $ 119.

	FaxMaster
Caere.  A fax printer driver with scanning and scheduling
capabilities.  List $ 149.

	FaxMaster Server
Caere.  A network fax server for FaxMaster.  List $ 695.

	FaxView for Windows
Black Ice Software.  With color fax support.  List $ 179.

	FaxPress 3.0
Castelle.  Network fax service with a Windows client interface. 
List $ 3,495.

	Imara Lite
Imara Research.  A hierarchical document manager and fax
processor.  List $ 295.

	LanFax Redirector
Alcom.  Client/server based network fax.  List $ 995.

	ShareFax for Windows
SofNet.  Network fax for any Windows-compatible network.  List
$149 (2-user).

	SuperFax for Windows
Pacific Image Communications.  List $ 99.

	WinFax Pro
Delrina.  An advanced version of WinFax Lite (supplied with many
fax cards); the fax device appears to Windows as a printer.  
Version 4.0 includes OCR and advanced fax management features.  
List $ 119.
Remote Access	92-12-01

	Carbon Copy
Microcom.  Control the applications, files and peripherals of a
Windows system remotely from another one.  List $ 199.

Fonts

Font packages	93-01-02

	Agfa Desktop Styles
Agfa.  39 TrueType text and display faces.  List $ 79.

	Agfa Type Jamboree
Agfa.  46 TrueType text and symbol faces.  List $ 99.

	Bitstream TrueType Font Pack 1
Bitstream.  40 TrueType text and display faces.  List $ 79.

	Bitstream TrueType Font Pack 2
Bitstream.  20 TrueType text and display faces.  List $ 39.

	Blue Sky Research Outline Fonts
Y&Y.  The full set of Computer Modern fonts in Type 1 format. 
List $ 345.

	Fluent Laser Fonts Library
Casady & Greene.  120 text and display faces.  List $ 179.

	Font Value Pack
QualiType.  150 faces plus 1500 icons.  List $ 99.

	infiniType Plus
SoftMaker.  124 typefaces from URW and Graphitech font
foundries, included in both TrueType and Type 1 formats.  List 
$ 99.

	Microsoft TrueType Font Pack
Microsoft.  Lucida Bright, Lucida Sans (? fonts total).  List $
49.

	Monotype PostScript Value Pack
Monotype.  57 Type 1 text and display faces, including
Baskerville, Book Antiqua, Bookman, Calisto, Century Gothic and 
Century Schoolbook.  List $ 89.

	Monotype Presentation FontPack
Monotype.  TrueType versions of  Albertus, Gill Sans Bold Extra
Condensed and Swing Bold.  List $ 19.

	Monotype TrueType Value Pack
Monotype.  57 TrueType text and display faces, including
Baskerville, Book Antiqua, Bookman, Calisto, Century Gothic and 
Century Schoolbook.  List $ 89.

	QualiType Fonts
QualiType.  135 TrueType fonts plus 1500 icons.  List $ 99.

	Optifonts
Castcraft Software.  400 TrueType text and display faces on
CD-ROM.  List $ 996.

	SuperType Master Library
QualiType.  150 TrueType faces plus 1500 icons.  List $ 99.

	Top Fonts
EIQ Engineering.  93 TrueType text and display faces.  List $
199.

	TrueType Font Pack for Windows
Upgrade Systems.  600 TrueType text and display faces.  List $
129.

	TypeCase
SWFTE International.  131 TrueType text and display faces.  List
$ 69.

Individual font packages are also available for varying prices
from companies such as Adobe, Bitstream, Monotype and Image 
Club.  Some software, such as CorelDRAW! and Windows Draw also 
include bundled TrueType fonts.

Font managers	92-12-01

	Adobe Type Manager  [Mac]
Adobe.  A scalable font manager; supports Adobe Type 1.  List $
99.

	Bitstream FaceLift
Bitstream.  A scalable font manager; supports Speedo, TrueType
and Adobe Type 1.  List $ 99.

	Incubator for Windows
Type Solutions.  A scalable font manager with special effects. 
List $ 149.

	Publisher's Powerpak for Windows
Atech.  A scalable font manager.  List $ 79.

	WorldFont
Data-Cal.  A scalable font manager with international language
support.  List $ 149.
Font utilities	93-01-02

	AllType
Atech.  Typeface conversion utility; supports Type 1, Type 3,
TrueType and Speedo.  Has some problems in conversions, and no 
hinting  List $ 79.

	FontMinder
Ares.  Manages fonts by allowing you to activate and deactivate
sets of fonts.  List $ 79.

	EZ Effects
Filmotype.  Slants, condenses and rotates TrueType fonts.  List
$ 129.

	FontMonger for Windows  [Mac]
Ares.  Typeface editing and conversion utility; supports Type 1,
Type 3 and TrueType.  Has automatic hinting only.  List $ 129.

	Fontographer for Windows  [Mac]
Typeface editing utility; supports Type 1 and TrueType.  Has
automatic hinting only.  List $ ?.

	MoreFonts
MicroLogic.  A font manipulation and modification package.  List
$ 129.

	SoftType
ZSoft.  A scalable and printer font generation and manipulation
package.  List $ 199.

	TrueType Font Installer
Kai Kaltenbach.  Preview, print samples and install TrueType
fonts.  Registration: a science fiction book.

Utilities and fonts

Disk and file utilities
Archiving utilies	93-04-12

	CCI Zip
A Windows-based shell for PKZIP.  Registration $ ?.

	SHEZ
A Windows-based shell for PKZIP.  Registration $ ?.

	WinZip
Nico Mak.  An integrated Zip/Unzip utility; does not require
PKUNZIP.  Also handles ARC and LZH archives.  Registration $ 
29.

	WizUnzip
An integrated Unzip utility; does not require PKUNZIP. 
Registration $ ?.

	WUNA
An integrated archiving utility, which handles .zip, .arj, .lzh
and .arc formats.  Registration $ ?.
Backup software	93-04-12

	Back-It
Gazelle.  Automatic and unattended backups to tape and floppies.
Supports a wide variety of tape drives, including QIC-02 and 
SCSI units.  List $ 149.

	Central Point Back-Up
Central Point Software.  A popular backup utility, albeit with
limited tape drive support.  List $ 99.

	Distinct Back-Up
Distinct.  Background backups using tool bars.  List $ 129.

	Norton Desktop for Windows
Symantec.  Program manager, file manager, file recovery, backup.
List $ 179.
	PC Tools
Central Point Software.  Some Windows tools and a Windows-based
backup.  Supports some SCSI tape drives.  List $ 179.
	SitBack
AitBack Technologies. Automated backups (with LAN support) to
any DOS storage device.  List $ 139.
Program launchers and desktops
Program Manager type	92-11-30

	Folders
Sloop Software.  Program Manager add-on providing nested
folders.  Registration $ 20.

	hDC Windows Express
hDC.  An enhancement to the Program Manager. List $ 99.

	Plug-In
Plannet Crafters.  A Program Manager extension providing group
management, custom group icons, QuickRun menu and other 
enhancements.  Registration $ 20.

	Program Manager Groups
Andreas Furrer.  A Program Manager add-on utility providing
hierarchical groups.  Free.

	SloopMan
?.  A program manager replacement with groups-within-groups. 
Registration $ ?.

File Manager type	94-02-15

	File Clip
Software Creations.  A streamlined but effective File Manager
replacement.  Registration $ 20.

	File Shuttle XPress
GetC Software.  File Manager features, networking and
LapLink-like file transfer.  List $ 140.

	Metz File F/X
Metz Software. File manager, file find, undelete, text search 
and task manager.  List $ 129.

	Salvation
Vitesse.  Complete file management and viewing, with program
launching and tool bars.  List $ 125.

	X-Tree for Windows
X-Tree.  A Windows version of the venerable DOS-based XTree,
with a good feature set but a rather slow implementation.  List 
$ 99.

Integrated desktops	94-02-22

	NewWave
Hewlett-Packard.  An excellent object-oriented environment that
goes far beyond OLE and Norton Desktop.  List $ 195.

	Norton Desktop for Windows
Symantec.  Program manager, file manager, file recovery and
backup in an integrated object-oriented environment.  List $ 
179.

	PubTech File Organizer
Publishing Technologies.  An integrated environment with file
and program management.  List $ 199.

	Sparta
Karl Thoroddsen.  A Macintosh-style file manager/shell with
hierarchical folders, drag-and-drop, file links, network 
support and a dustbin.  Shareware.

	WinTools
Tools Technology.  An object-oriented shell with file and
program management.  List $ 149.

	Workspace
ARK Interface.  Program manager, file manager, file recovery,
backup.  List $ 179.

Icon docks/tool bars	93-10-17

	AppBar
Geert van Kempen.  NeXT-style button bar: with trash can.  Free.


	Application Pad
Cjin Lee.  A button bar with a clendar, clock, "eyes", screen
saver.  Registration $ 15.

	hDC Power Launcher
hDC.  Floating icon bars and an enhanced command line.  List $
99.

	Next
NeXT-style button bar.  Registration $ ?.

	QUICK
Mohammed Kabir.  A floating icon dock with task scheduling and
macros.  Registration $ ?.

	Route 1
D.A. Karp.  NeXT-style button bar: Visual Basic-based. 
Registration $ 14.

	WinDock
Brian Capson.  The class of the NeXT-style button bars: clean
and easy to use.  Registration $ 15.

Commandline utilities	94-02-22

	4win
A 4DOS-like shell for Windows; can start both DOS and Windows
applications.  Registration $ ?.

	PShell
A somewhat Unix-like shell for Windows.  Registration $ ?.

	TSH
Troy Rollo.  A command shell for Windows with a blend of Unix 
and DOS characteristics.  Free.

	WCL
Abimbola Olowofoyeku.  A command shell for Windows with support
for DOS internal commands, many extras and the ability to run 
both DOS and Windows applications.  Can act as the Windows 
shell.  Registration $ ?.

	WCommand
A command shell for Windows.  Registration $ ?.
Other program launchers	93-08-13

	BackMenu
A minimalist approach to desktops: right-click on desktop to get
a hierarchical pop-up menu.  Registration $ ?.

	Command Post
Wilson WindowWare.  A command-line oriented shell.  List $ 49.

	Dashboard
Hewlett-Packard.  Multiple views of application configurations. 
List $ 99.

	DropDesk
Scott Bender.  Drag files from the File Manager to the desktop
to run them.  Free.

	Dropper
Freely arrangeable buttons on the desktop.  Registration $ ?.

	Finder
A Macintosh Finder-type desktop.  Registration $ ?.

	GDesk
Right-click or left-clickon desktop to get configurable pop-up
menus of available applications.  Minimalist along the lines of 
Usher.  Free.

	Rooms
Xerox.  Organize your applications into multiple desktops
("rooms"), and switch between them while running.  List $ ?.

	Usher
Right-click on desktop to get a pop-up menu of available
applications.  Definitely minimalist!  Registration $ ?.

Other utilities
Benchmarking utilities	92-04-10

	WinBench
PC Magazine.  Benchmarks performance with typical application
usage.  Free.

	WinTach
Texas Instruments.  Benchmarks performance with typical
application usage.  Free.
Clock utilities	93-04-12

	BarClock
Patrick Breen.  A flexible utility which places a digital clock,
free memory or free resources on active window's title bar.  
Free.

	TimeFrame
Places a digital clock on active window's title bar.  Free.

	WTime
Dials up an atomic clock to set the correct time on your system.
Free.
Desktop enhancers	92-11-30

	BigDesk
?.  A scrollable virtual Windows desktop.  Registration $ ?.

	More Windows
Aristosoft.  A virtual Windows desktop.  List $ 99.

	TopDesk
?.  A scrollable virtual Windows desktop.  Registration $ ?.

	WorkShift
?.  A virtual Windows workspace with separate desktops. 
Registration $ ?.

	WorkSpaces
?.  A virtual Windows workspace with separate desktops. 
Registration $ ?.

Miscellaneous	94-02-15

	ClipStac
PC Magazine.  A utility for managing a clipboard "stack" instead
of justa a single item on the clipboard.  Free.

	CEnvi
Nombas.  An advanced macro language for Windows, MS-DOS and
OS/2, based on C syntax.  Registration $ 38.

	Cloak
Lorry Back Software.  Hides undesired icons.  Charityware.

	FileClip
Ben Sprachman.  A file viewer for text, binary and (registered
version only) graphics files.  Registration $ 20.

	GetSet
Set Inc.  A startup manager allowing the selection of a
configuration from a list on Windows startup.  Free.

	GNU Toolbuster  [NT only\
Congruent.  The full set of GNU utilities for Windows NT.  List
$ 199.

	Immunity
Unitrol.  Disk Mirroring for protection against hardware
failure.  List $ 249.

	Print Manager
Saber.  Network printer management tool.  List $ 79
(single-user).

	PrintIt!
Text file viewing and printing utility.  Free.

	RightOn
Steve McCarthy.  Programs the behavior of the right mouse
button.  Registration $15.

	Search City
A high-speed search tool for a variety of file formats.  List $
200.

	TimeFrame
Places a digital clock on active window's title bar.  Free.

	WinMatch
Tom Crosley.  A side-by-side diff (comparison) of two files. 
Registration $ 20 (source $ 40).

	WinSleuth Gold
A windows analysis and diagnostic tool.  List $ 169.
Task schedulers	93-04-12
Norton Desktop and Central Point' PC Tools also include task
schedulers.

	Clocker
Winnovation.  Schedules processes for unattended execution. 
Includes a central network database facility.  Registration $ 
25 (single copy).

	ClockMan
?.  Registration $ ?.

	E'vent Manager
Merasoft.  Builds complex macros that can be scheduled in 
advance.  List $ 179.

	RTimer
Robin Scher.  Runs applications at predetermined times. 
Registration $ 10.

Task managers	93-07-15
	Metz File F/X
Metz Software. File manager, file find, undelete, text search
and task manager.  List $ 129.
	Task Manager
Guenter Schwaninger.  Registration $ 10.
Technical and engineering

CAD software	93-03-31

	AutoCAD R12 for Windows
Autodesk.  A mid-to-high-end CAD system oriented toward civil
and architectural applications, with 3D capabilties.  A true 
Windows version of AutoCAD Rel. 12, not a front end as the 
earlier version; also to be available for Windows NT.  List $ 
3,995.

	CADvance 5 for Windows 3.1
ISICAD.  A mid-to-high-end package with full AutoCAD file
compatability and excellent Windows integration.  List $ 1,995 
(competitive upgrade $ 395).

	Drafix Windows CAD
Foresight Resources.  A midrange 2-D CAD package.  List $ 595.

	MicroStation 4.03 Nexus
Intergraph.  A mid-to-high end CAD system with a Motif interface
and minimal Windows features, but including DDE and OLE.  List 
$ ?.

	Smart Draw for Windows
The Other Operation.  A low-cost low-end 2-D CAD package.  List
$ 99.

	TurboCAD Professional
Insi.  A low-cost 2D CAD package with parametric capabilities
and bill of materials.  List $ 395.

	Ultimate CAD Windows
Automated Methods.  A midrange 2-D CAD package, with DDE.  List
$ 695.

Engineering	93-03-31

	SODA
Acronym.  A structural steel design and analysis package.  List
$ 495.

	Spice32  [NT]
Robert Zeff.  A Win32s version of Berkeley's Spice 3e2 circuit
emulator.  Free.

	WoodWorks in Canada  [Mac]
Canadian Wood Council.  A structural wood design package, using
the Canadian building code only.  List $ 495.

Mathematical	93-04-30

	MathCAD
A mathematical workbench/typesetting package.  Version 4.0 uses
the Win32s DLLs for 32-bit performance.  List $ ?

	Mathematica
Wolfram.  A symbolic math package.  List $ ?

	Maple for Windows  [Mac] [Sun] [Motif]
Waterloo Maple.  A symbolic math package.  List $ ?.

Simulation and modeling	94-01-12

	WinSim
WinSim.  A simulation package with causal loops, parallel
simulation and a full Windows interface.  List $ 595.

Statistics	94-02-12

	Astute
DDU Software.  A strong statistical add-on for Microsoft Excel
4.0 and 5.0.  A demonstration version is available by ftp.  
List  80 (approximately $ 120).

	SAS for Windows [PM] [Sun]
SAS Institute.  The classic (and powerful) mainframe statistics
package with a fresh face.  Announced but not yet shipping.  
List $ 695 (base package), $395/year after 1st year.

	SPSS for Windows [PM]
SPSS.  A powerful statistics package with mainframe origins but
with a well thought-out Windows interface.  List $ 2995 (full 
package).

	Systat for Windows
Systat.  Powerfful statistics and excellent graphics, but has
some user interface quirks.  List $ 895 (full package).

	WinFit
Yaron Danon.  A non-linear least-squares fitting package. 
Registration $ ?.

Home, entertainment and multimedia

Multimedia
CD audio players	94-02-12

	CD
John Junod.  A fairly basic Windows audio CD player, with
source.  Free.

	CD Audio
Noel Dillabough.  A CD player with a song database and
do-it-once-and-forget CD programming.  Registration $ 20.

	CD Player
?.  A basic Windows audio CD player.  Registration $ 10.

	Media Player
Microsoft.  A very basic audio CD player.  Included with Windows
3.1.

	WinCD
BFM Software.  An audio CD player with shuffle play and
programming (the little brother of WinCD Pro).  Registration $ 
10.

	WinCD Pro
Apriori Software.  An audio CD player with all the features one
could think of, and then some more.  List $ 49.

	WinCDP
Tony Wu.  Yet another fully-featured audio CD player. 
Registration $ ?.

Multimedia authoring	93-01-02

	AuthorWare Professional
?.  A high-end multimedia authoring tool.  List $ 7,995.

	IconAuthor
?.  A high-end multimedia authoring tool.  List $ 4,995.

	HSC Interactive
HSC.  A fairly basic, easy-to-use, multimedia authoring package 
based on a subset of IconAuthor.  No OLE, DDE or TrueType 
support.  List $ 495.

	Video for Windows
Microsoft.  A video editor supporting OLE for embedding video
clips into other applications.  List $ 195.
Multimedia playback	93-05-10

	AmandaStories
Voyager.  Animated stories for children age 3 and up.  List $ ?.


	Composer Quest
Dr. T's Music Software.  Various classical composers, with
sound, text and pictures.  List $ 99.

	Multimedia Beethoven
Microsoft.  Experience Beethoven with sound, text and pictures. 
List $ 69.

	MPEGPlay [NT]
Michael Simmons.  A MPEG player with hicolor capability. 
Registration $ ?.

	The Wave Utilities
TASSoft.  Plays wave and MIDI files with features beyond those
of standard WIndows applets.  Registration $ 10.

	WinTV
Hauppage.  View NTSC TV in a window.  Includes adapter card. 
List $ 495.

	XING
XING.  A MPEG player for Windows.  Registration $ ?.
Sound editors	93-09-15

	Aleatoric Composer
Carl Christensen.  This package attempts to create music using
random and conditional probabilities according to parameters 
you set.  Registration $ 1 (!).

	Encore
Passport Designs.  Music publishing package for composing and
editing music.  List $ 595.

	Music Sculptor
Alpha Omega.  A Windows-based MIDI sequencesr for recording,
editing and playing music.  Registration $ ?.

	Sound Brush
MP Technologies.  Sound editor and player.  List $ 250.

	Transcribe for Windows
Raffi Krikorian.  Transcribes a .WAV file into alphabetic
musical notes.  Free.

	Trax
Passport Designs.  MIDI editor and player.  List $ 595.

	Wave for Windows
Turtle Beach.  Sound editing package.  List $ 149.

	X-oR
Dr. T's Music Software.  MIDI editor and librarian.  List $ 129.

Video Editors	93-01-02

	CameraMan
Vision Software.  Capture Windows screens into .AVI format
movies.  List $ 149.

	Video for Windows
Microsoft.  Capture video into .AVI files through a video
capture board, and play them back or embed video clips into 
other applications.  List $ 199.
Entertainment
Games and entertainment	94-02-12

	4 Play
Andrew Smith. An electronic version of Connect.  Registration 
5 (approximately $7.50).

	AMAZEing
Stuart Swain. A 3-D maze game.  Postcardware.

	Blackjack Trainer
ConJelCo.  A professional blackjack training program.  List $
75.

	Block-Logic
Michael Ahlers.  A pattern deduction game with alternate
rulesets.  Free.

	ChessNet
Masque.  Chess against computer or via modem or network.  List $
49.

	Euchre for Windows
J.J. Lehett.  A euchre card game.  Free.

	Kaleidokubes
Artworx.  Color domino cubes (1 or 2 player).  List $ 49.

	Microsoft Golf
Microsoft.  A Windows-based version of Links 386, with excellent
control and high-quality scenery.  List $ 65.

	MicroMan 1
Brian Goble.  An arcade-style adventure game.  Registration $ 25
(includes MicroMan 2).

	Microsoft Arcade
Microsoft.  Old arcade favorites for Windows, including
BattleZone, Centipede, Tempest, Asteroids and Missile Command.  
List $ 39.

	Modem Chess for Windows
Noel Dillabough.  A twoplayer chess game over a modem
connection.  Registration $ 10.

	New York Times Crossword Puzzle
SWFTE.  200 daily and 50 Sunday crossword puzzles.  List $ 49.

	SimCity for Windows
Maxis.  A sophisticated simulation of a city.  List $ ?.

	Squirmer
Christopher Cifra.  A centipede-like arcade game.  Registration
$ 2 (!).

	Symantec Game Pack for Windows
Symantec.  Six Windows games.  List $ 39.

	Windows Entertainment Pack Vol. 1
Microsoft.  Tetris, Minesweeper, Golf solitaire, Cruel
solitaire, and more.  List $ 39.

	Windows Entertainment Pack Vol. 2
Microsoft.  Tut's Tomb solitaire, FreeCell solitaire, Pipe
Dream, and more.  List $ 39.

	Windows Entertainment Pack Vol. 3
Microsoft.  Fuji Golf, TriPeaks solitaire, WordZap, SkiFree and
more.  List $ 39.

	Windows Entertainment Pack Vol. 4
Microsoft.  List $ 39.

	WinGames
WinSoft.  WinCommand, Chopper Attack, Yacht and more.  List $
39.

	WinGames II
WinSoft.  MrMind, Lander, Adventure and more.  List $ 49.

Sorry, the shareware and freeware games are just too numerous to
mention them all!  Check your favorite FTP site or BBS for 
availability.
Home

Cooking	93-10-17

	Cookbook Manager for Windows
Andy Brown.  A cookbook manager with multiple cookbook
capability and metric/imperial units.  Includes the Usenet 
Cookbook.  Free.

Fitness and Sports	93-09-15

	RunTrak
Joel Kulesa.  A Windows-based runner's logbook.  Registration $
15.

Technical Support Contacts
This section attempts to list various avenues for technical
support for Windows and Windows applications.  Further 
information is always welcome!
Microsoft

Telephone	93-03-01

	Installation Support
Visual Basic	(206) 646-5105
Visual Basic Pro Toolkit	(206) 646-5105
Windows Entertainment Pack	(206) 637-9308

	Toll Telephone Support
Access	(206) 635-7050
Excel	(206) 635-7070
FoxPro	(419) 872-0043
Mail	(206) 637-9307
Money	(206) 635-7131
PowerPoint	(206) 635-7145
Project	(206) 635-7155
Publisher	(206) 635-7140
Windows	(206) 637-7098
Windows for Workgroups	(206) 637-7098
Word	(206) 462-9673
Works	(206) 635-7130
Other products	(206) 454-2030
Internet	93-08-05

FTP archive	ftp.microsoft.com
Directories:
LAN Manager	/lanman
Microsoft Mail	/mail
SQL Server	/sqlsrvr
Windows NT	/winnt
Microsoft Developer Network	/msdn

Bug reports
Windows NT	y-winntb@microsoft.com

Suggestions
Windows NT	ntidea@microsoft.com

Requests
VxD IDs	vxdid@microsoft.com

Beta programs
Chicago	winbeta@microsoft.com
Win32s	w32sbeta@microsoft.com

Developer addresses
3D DDK issues	3d-ihv@microsoft.com
DCI issues	dci-ihv@microsoft.com
IHV issues	ihv@microsoft.com
Internationalization issues	global@microsoft.com
MAPI issues	mapi@microsoft.com
Microsoft Developer Network	devnetwk@microsoft.com
Multimedia issues	mmdinfo@microsoft.com
Porting Lab communications	portlab@microsoft.com
TAPI issues	telephon@microsoft.com
Windows for Workgroups 3.11 DDK	ndis@microsoft.com
WOSA/XRT issues	wosaxrt@microsoft.com

Microsoft does not currently offer official email support.
Compuserve	94-03-15

Windows	GO MSWIN
Windows for Workgroups	GO WRKGRP
Windows NT	GO WINNT

Access	GO MSACCESS
Excel	GO MSEXCEL
FoxPro	GO FOXFORUM
Visual Basic	GO MSBASIC
Word	GO MSWORD
Applications, general	GO MSAPP

Software Library	GO MSL

Microsoft Download Service	93-07-15

Download-only BBS	(206) 936-6735
Wolfram Research
Internet	93-07-15

Sales	info@wri.com
Technical support	support@wri.com
WordPerfect

Telephone	93-07-15

	Installation Support
Visual Basic	(206) 646-5105
Visual Basic Pro Toolkit	(206) 646-5105
Windows Entertainment Pack	(206) 637-9308

	Toll-free Telephone Support
WordPerfect for Windows: features	(800) 228-1029
WordPerfect for Windows: installation	(800) 228-6076
WordPerfect for Windows: graphics/tables/eqns	(800) 228-6013
WordPerfect for Windows: macros/merge/labels	(800) 228-1032
WordPerfect for Windows: networks	(800) 228-6066
WordPerfect for Windows: laser printers	(800) 228-1017
WordPerfect for Windows: other printers	(800) 228-1023

	Toll Telephone Support
WordPerfect for Windows	(801) 228-9907
WordPerfect for Windows, after hours	(801) 228-9908

Grammatik	(801) 228-9919
InForms	(801) 228-9916

Bulletin Board Service	93-07-15

BBS, 1200/2400 bps	(801) 225-4414
BBS, 9600 bps	(801) 225-4444


