
           START YOUR MAC
  Here's how to use a Mac computer.
  I'll begin by explaining the Mac Color Classic, which is the 
easiest Mac to understand. (Other Macs are similar but slightly 
more complex. I'll explain how they differ.)

           Set up the Mac
  When you buy a Mac Color Classic, the salesperson hands you a 
big brown cardboard box. Take the box home. Open it and peek 
inside.
  You'll see clear plastic bags. They contain the computer, 
keyboard, mouse, and little goodies (power cord, keyboard cable, 
floppy disks, and instruction manuals). Rip the bags open.
  Put the computer on your desk. Plug one end of the power cord 
into your wall and the other end into the back of the computer.
  Look at the mouse (a small object the size of a pack of 
cigarettes). A cable comes out of it. If you're right-handed, 
plug that cable into the keyboard's right side; if you're 
left-handed, plug that cable into the keyboard's left side.
  Attach the keyboard to the computer, by plugging one end of the 
keyboard's cable into the side of the keyboard and the other end 
into the back of the computer.
  Flip the keyboard upside-down, so you don't see the keys. Look 
at the left and right edges of the keyboard: you'll see two 
levers (near where the cables go in). Pop up the levers, so the 
keyboard sprouts two legs. Then flip the keyboard right-side up 
(so you see the keys again, and the keyboard rests on its two 
legs).
  Congratulations! You've installed the computer! Now you can say 
on your resum that you're a ``computer expert experienced at 
installing advanced computer equipment''.
  Other Macs For old Macs, the cardboard box is white (instead of 
brown), the keyboard has no legs, the keyboard plugs into the 
computer's front (instead of back), and the mouse plugs into the 
computer (instead of into the keyboard). For some Macs, the 
monitor or hard drive is sold separately and must be cabled to 
the computer.
  The Mac Color Classic has a built-in microphone; for other 
Macs, the microphone is missing or must be cabled to the 
computer.
  The Mac Powerbook is a notebook computer that's all in one 
piece and requires no assembly.
                                                  Turn on the Mac
                                         At the back of the Mac, 
next to the power cord, you'll see a switch marked ``1'' and 
``0''. That's the on/off switch. Put that switch in the ``on'' 
position by pressing the ``1''. Then press the POWER ON key, 
which is at the top of the keyboard and has the symbol  on it.
                                         The computer will make 
an overture to you: you'll hear a musical chord. On the screen, 
you'll briefly see an arrow, then a smile, then this message:
                                               Welcome to Macintosh.
                                         Eventually, you'll see 
little pictures, called icons. The screen's top left corner will 
show the Apple icon (a partly eaten apple). The screen's bottom 
right corner will show the trash icon (picture of a trash can). 
Those icons mean the Finder (the fundamental part of the Mac's 
operating system) is ready.
                                         If your Mac's been used 
by other people, they might have left your Mac in a strange 
state, with several rectangular windows on the screen. To make 
sure your Mac is normal, with no windows on the screen, do the 
following. . . . 
                                         Next to the space bar, 
you'll see the COMMAND key (which has an Apple and a squiggle on 
it) and the OPTION key. Hold down both of those keys 
simultaneously; and while you keep them down, tap the W key.
                                         Congratulations! Now you 
have a turned-on Mac, ready and willing to obey your every 
command!
                                         Other Macs On expensive 
Macs, the on/off switch is a button that pops in and out, or it's 
in the form of a car-ignition key. If you're sharing such a Mac, 
your friends probably already put that switch in the correct 
position, so don't touch it: just press the POWER ON key.
                                         Cheap Macs don't use a 
POWER ON key: just press 1 on the on/off switch.
                                         Some Mac monitors have a 
separate switch that you must turn on.
                                         If your Mac's hard drive 
is external, turn that drive on and wait 15 seconds before 
turning on the Mac.
                                         Old Macs make a beep 
instead of playing a chord.
                                         On old Macs, the COMMAND 
key has a squiggle on it but no apple.
                                         Performa Macs make the 
screen display a Launcher window. To follow the instructions in 
the book, make sure the Launcher window disappears. Again, here's 
how to make the Launcher window (and all other windows) 
disappear: hold down the COMMAND and OPTION keys; and while 
keeping them down, tap the W key.
                                         If you don't see 
``Welcome to Macintosh'', your Mac isn't set up properly. For 
example, the monitor might be turned off (turn it on!), the hard 
drive might be missing (buy a hard drive!), your dealer might 
have neglected to copy the Mac operating system onto the hard 
drive (ask the dealer to help you!), or a previous user left a 
floppy disk in the floppy drive (remove the floppy disk).
                                         If your Mac doesn't have 
a hard drive, you'll have difficultly running modern software and 
using this book. Either buy a hard drive or phone me to get an 
older edition of this book.
                                         Although the trash icon 
is usually in the bottom right corner, it might be in a different 
place if the previous user moved it.

            USE THE MOUSE
  Your computer comes with a mouse. The mouse's tail is a cable 
that runs from the mouse to the keyboard. The area where the tail 
meets the mouse is called the mouse's ass or rear.
  The mouse's underside ___ its belly ___ has a hole in it, and a 
ball in the hole.
  Put the mouse on your desk and directly in front of your right 
arm. (If you're left-handed, put it in front of your left arm.) 
Make the mouse lie flat (so its ball rubs against the desk). Make 
the mouse face you so the apple on the mouse appears right-side 
up, and you don't see the mouse's ass.
  Other Macs The Mac Powerbook uses a trackball instead of a 
mouse. The trackball is part of the keyboard.

           Move the arrow
  Move the mouse across your desk. As you move the mouse, 
remember to keep it flat and facing you.
  On the screen, you'll see an arrow, which is called the pointer 
or cursor. As you move the mouse, the arrow moves also. If you 
move the mouse to the left, the arrow moves to the left. If you 
move the mouse to the right, the arrow moves to the right. If you 
move the mouse toward you, the arrow moves down. If you move the 
mouse away from you, the arrow moves up.
  Practice moving the arrow by moving the mouse. Remember to keep 
the mouse facing you at all times.
  If you want to move the arrow far, and your desk is small, move 
the mouse until it reaches the desk's edge; then lift the mouse 
off the desk, lay the mouse gently on the middle of the desk, and 
move the mouse across the desk in the same direction as before.
  Other Macs If your Mac uses a trackball (instead of a mouse), 
move the arrow by rotating the trackball.
                                                   Click an icon
                                         The most important part 
of the arrow is its tip, which is called the hot spot.
                                         For an experiment, move 
the arrow so its hot spot (tip) is in the middle of the trash 
can. That's called pointing at the trash can.
                                         On top of the mouse is a 
rectangular button that you can press. Tapping that button is 
called clicking.
                                         While you're pointing at 
the trash can, try clicking (by tapping the button). That's 
called ``clicking the trash can'' (or ``clicking on the trash 
can'' or ``selecting the trash can''). When you do that, the 
trash can turns black. Try it!
                                         Near the screen's top 
right corner, you'll see the words ``Macintosh HD''. Above those 
words, you'll see a rectangle with a black dot in its bottom left 
corner. That rectangle is supposed to be a picture of a Macintosh 
hard-disk drive. That rectangle's called the hard-disk icon. Try 
clicking in the middle of the rectangle. When you do that, it 
turns black.
                                         Whenever you click an 
icon, that icon turns black, and the other major icons turn 
white. For example, when you click the trash icon, the hard disk 
icon turns white; when you click the hard disk icon, the trash 
icon turns white.
                                         An icon that's black is 
selected; an icon that's white is called unselected or 
deselected. Usually, just one icon is selected (black); all the 
other icons are deselected (white).
                                         (The Apple icon is a 
different kind of icon. If you click it, no colors change. I'll 
explain it later.)
                                         Try this experiment: 
click in the center of the screen, where there are no icons. All 
the screen's icons suddenly turn white.
                                         Here are the rules:
If you click a white icon, it turns black. All other icons turn 
white.
If you click where there's no icon, all icons turn white.
                                         Other Macs The hard-disk 
icon might have a different name and shape. For example, 
80-megabyte hard disks manufactured by Jasmine are labeled 
``Direct Drive 80'' (instead of ``Macintosh HD'') and have an 
icon that looks like a flower (instead of a rectangle).

                                                   Drag an icon
                                         You can move an icon to 
a different place on the screen. Here's how.
                                         Point at the icon by 
moving the arrow's tip to the middle of the icon. (Put the 
arrow's tip in the middle of the icon picture, not in the middle 
of the words underneath it.)
                                         Hold down the mouse's 
button; and while you keep the button down, move the mouse. As 
you move the mouse with the button down, you'll be moving the 
arrow and the icon. That's called dragging the icon. When you've 
dragged the icon to your favorite place on the screen, lift your 
finger from the mouse's button, and the icon will stay there.

          PULL DOWN A MENU
  Your screen's top line of information is called the menu bar. 
It contains eight items: the Apple icon, the Help icon (which is 
a picture of a question mark in a bubble), the Finder icon (which 
is a picture of a Mac), and the words File, Edit, View, Label, 
and Special. Here's how to use them.
  Point at the Apple icon. Hold down the mouse's button. While 
you keep the button down, you see this menu underneath the Apple 
icon:
About This Macintosh...
Alarm Clock
Calculator
Chooser
Control Panels
Key Caps
Note Pad
Puzzle
Scrapbook
  The menu appears only while you hold down the mouse's button. 
(If you lift your finger from the mouse's button, the menu 
disappears.)
  Seeing the menu (by holding down the mouse's button) is called 
pulling down the menu, because it's like pulling down a window 
shade that has graffiti written on it. Since you see the menu by 
pulling it down, it's called a pull-down menu. Since that menu 
appears underneath the Apple icon, it's called the Apple menu.
  If you point at one of the menu bar's other items (Help icon, 
Finder icon, File, Edit, View, Label, or Special) and hold down 
the mouse's button, you'll see other menus. For example, to see 
the File menu, point at the word ``File'' and then hold down the 
mouse's button.
  Experiment! Try each item on the menu bar, and look at their 
pull-down menus. Those menus list some of the fascinating things 
your Mac can do!
  Other Macs New Macs (such as the Mac Color Classic) use version 
7 of the operating system. That's called System 7. Old Macs use 
System 6 instead, whose menu bar lacks the Help icon, Finder 
icon, and Label.
  On some Macs, Apple menu displays slightly different choices. 
The top choice might say ``About This Computer'' or ``About the 
Finder'' (instead of ``About This Macintosh''). The fifth choice 
might say ``Control Panel'' instead of ``Control Panels''. Extra 
choices might be displayed.
                                               About This Macintosh
                                         From the Apple menu, 
choose About This Macintosh. Here's how.
                                         Point at the Apple icon. 
Hold down the mouse's button, so you see the Apple menu, 
including ``About This Macintosh''. While you keep the button 
down, point at ``About This Macintosh''. Then lift your finger 
from the button.
                                         The computer will obey 
your command: it will tell you about your Mac.
                                         To do that, the computer 
will display a window in the middle of the screen. In the window, 
you'll see a message about your Mac.
                                         For example, on my Mac 
Color Computer the message says: I have a Mac Color Computer; the 
operating system is version 7.1, copyrighted by Apple Computer 
Inc. 1983-1992; your RAM is 4 megabytes (4,096K), of which 1,182K 
is used by system software, leaving 2,884K unused in a big block 
(plus 30 K unused in smaller blocks). On your Mac Color Computer, 
the numbers might be different, and the number of bytes that are 
used and unused will vary as your Mac performs different 
activities.
                                         Other Macs If you don't 
see ``About This Macintosh'' on the Apple menu, choose ``About 
This Computer'' or ``About the Finder'' instead.

                                                   Drag a window
                                         Look at the top line of 
the window containing the ``About This Macintosh'' message. The 
window's top line gives the window's title (``About This 
Macintosh'').
                                         Try this experiment. 
Drag the window's title to a different part of the screen. (To do 
that, point at the title; hold down the mouse's button; while you 
keep the button down, move the mouse.) As you drag the title, the 
rest of the window automatically drags along with it. When you've 
dragged the window to your favorite place on the screen, lift 
your finger from the mouse's button, and the window will stay 
there.

                                                 Close the window
                                         When you finish looking 
at the message in a window, you must close the window. Here's 
how.
                                         In the window's top left 
corner, you'll see a tiny square, called the close box. To close 
the window, click the close box (by pointing at the square and 
then tapping the mouse's button). The window will close and 
disappear from the screen.

                                                       WIMP
                                         The Mac is called a WIMP 
computer, because it uses Windows, Icons, Mice, and Pull-downs.
                                         Commodore's Amiga 
computer and Atari's ST computer imitate the Mac: they use 
Windows, Icons, Mice, and Pull-downs also. So they too are WIMP 
computers.
                                         Any program using 
Windows, Icons, Mice, and Pull-downs is called WIMPy. You can buy 
WIMPy programs for many computers ___ even for the IBM PC!
                                         If you have an IBM PC, 
you can buy Microsoft Windows, which is software that makes the 
IBM PC try to imitate a Mac. But the imitation is screwed up; it 
makes the IBM PC become a messed-up Mac. The Mac is nicer than 
any imitation! The Mac is a beauty that the beast can't resemble.
                                         This chapter examines 
the Mac's beauty further. The next chapter examines the poor 
fake: Microsoft Windows.
              Key Caps
  To explore the Mac's keyboard, choose Key Caps from the Apple 
menu. (To do that, point at the Apple icon and drag down to the 
phrase ``Key Caps'').
  You'll see a window that shows a picture of your keyboard. It 
reminds you of what your keyboard looks like.
  In the picture, all the letters are lower-case. Try typing a 
word (such as ``love''): you'll see the word in lower-case 
letters.
  SHIFT key If you hold down your keyboard's SHIFT key, the 
letters in the picture change to capitals. While holding down the 
SHIFT key, try typing a word; you'll see the word in capital 
letters, like this: LOVE.
  OPTION key If you hold down your keyboard's OPTION key, the 
letters in the picture change to weird symbols. While holding 
down the OPTION key, try typing; you'll be typing symbols from 
Greek, Swedish, French, Spanish, Japanese, math, and other 
un-American pleasures. To get extra symbols, hold down the OPTION 
and SHIFT keys simultaneously.
  Accents To type an accent, use these keystrokes:
AccentWhat keys to press
^     OPTION with i
~     OPTION with n
"     OPTION with u
'     OPTION with e
`     OPTION with `
  For example, here's how to type . Type the code for ^ (which 
is OPTION with i), then take your finger off the OPTION key and 
type the letter you want under the accent (the ``o''). Nothing 
appears on the screen until you complete the whole process; then 
you'll see .
  Close When you've finished exploring Key Caps, close the 
window, by clicking its close box.

             Calculator
  To do calculations, choose Calculator from the Apple menu. (To 
do that, drag from the Apple icon down to the word 
``Calculator''.)
  You'll see a window that looks and acts like a pocket 
calculator. For example, to compute 42+5, click the calculator's 
4 key (by using the mouse to point at the 4 key and then 
clicking), then click 2, then +, then 5, then =. The calculator 
will show the answer, 47.
  Instead of using the mouse, you can do that calculation a 
different way, by using the Mac's keyboard. On the right side of 
the keyboard, you'll see the numeric keypad, which looks just 
like the on-screen calculator. On that keypad, tap the 4 key, 
then the 2 key, then (while holding down the SHIFT key) the + 
key, then 5, then =. The on-screen calculator will show 47.
  Try fancier calculations, by using these symbols:
SymbolMeaning
+     plus
-     minus
*     times
/     divided by
=     total
.     decimal point
C     clear
  When you finish using the calculator, close the window, by 
clicking its close box.
                                                 Multiple windows
                                         The screen can show 
several windows simultaneously.
                                         For example, choose Key 
Caps from the Apple menu, so that you see the Key Caps window on 
the screen. While the Key Caps window remains on the screen, 
choose Calculator from the Apple menu. You'll see both the Key 
Caps window and the calculator window on the screen 
simultaneously.
                                         The calculator window 
sits in front of the Key Caps window, and partly blocks your view 
of the Key Caps window. The front window (the calculator window) 
is called the active window. That's the window you're using at 
the moment. For example, if you type ``2+2='', the computer will 
say 4, because the calculator window is active.
                                         To make the Key Caps 
window active instead, click anywhere in the Key Caps window. 
That moves the Key Caps window in front of the calculator window, 
so that the Key Caps window partly blocks your view of the 
calculator. Since the Key Caps window is in front (active), if 
you use the keyboard now you'll be dealing with Key Caps instead 
of the calculator.
                                         To switch back to the 
calculator, click anywhere in the calculator window.
                                         If you don't like the 
way that the active window blocks your view of the other window, 
move the active window (by dragging its title) or make the active 
window disappear (by clicking its close box).

                                                     Shut Down
                                         When you're done using 
the Mac, choose Shut Down from the Special menu. That makes the 
Mac shut itself off.
                                         While shutting itself 
off, the Mac tidies up the information on the disks, ejects any 
floppy disks from the drives, and then turns off its own power 
(so the power light goes off and the screen turns black).
                                         The next time you want 
to use the Mac, just press the  key, which turns the Mac back 
on.
                                         Other Macs When you 
choose Shut Down from the Special menu, some Macs say ``It is now 
safe to switch off your computer'' or ``You may now switch off 
your Macintosh safely''. Then press the on/off switch's ``0''. To 
turn such a Mac back on, press the on/off switch's ``1'' again.
                                         When turning a Mac off, 
remember to also turn off any external drive.

           EXPLODE AN ICON
  The Mac was designed by sadists. If an icon fascinates you, 
you're supposed to explode it, by blowing it up!
  For example, suppose the Macintosh HD icon is on the screen, 
and it fascinates you. Explode it! Here's how: point at that 
Macintosh HD icon, then tap the mouse's button twice quickly, so 
the taps are less then a second apart. That's called exploding 
the icon or double-clicking the icon or opening the icon.
  After the icon explodes, you can see what was hiding inside it. 
You see that inside the Macintosh HD icon, these 6 items were 
hiding: the System Folder, Teachtext, Read Me, Quicktime 1.5, 
Hypercard 2.1 Player, and Macintosh Basics. On your screen, you 
see their icons: the System Folder icon, the Teachtext icon, the 
Read Me icon, the Quicktime 1.5 icon, the Hypercard 2.1 Player 
icon, and the Macintosh Basics icon.
  (You see those icons when your computer is new. If your 
computer's been used, the people using it might have added extra 
icons or deleted some icons.)
  Those icons all appear in a window titled ``Macintosh HD''. As 
with any window, you can move it by dragging its title.
  Other Macs Different Macs contain different items and icons.

              Size box
  In the window's bottom right corner is a tiny icon that shows 
overlapping squares. That icon is called the size box.
  Drag the size box to another part of the screen (by moving the 
size box while holding down the mouse's button). As the size box 
moves, so does the window's bottom right corner, so that the 
window's size changes.
  By dragging the size box, you can make the window very large 
___ or very small.
  If you make the window small, it shows fewer icons. Some of the 
icons are hiding out of view. To see the hidden icons again, make 
the window larger.

              Zoom box
  In the window's top right corner is a tiny icon that shows a 
picture of a square inside a square. That icon is called the zoom 
box.
  Try clicking the zoom box. When you do, the window's size 
changes.
  Clicking the zoom box usually makes the window become the 
perfect size ___ just big enough to show all its icons (so none 
of its icons are hidden anymore).
  Once the window's become the perfect size, clicking the zoom 
box again makes the window return to whatever weird size it had 
before reaching perfection. So clicking the zoom box makes the 
window switch to perfection ___ or back to imperfection.
  Try it! Click the window's zoom box several time, and see the 
window switch back and forth between perfection and imperfection.
  Other Macs For System 6, clicking the zoom box makes the window 
become huge (filling most of the screen) instead of ``the perfect 
size''.
                                                   Scroll boxes
                                         Since the hard disk of a 
new Mac normally contains six items (the System Folder, 
Teachtext, Read Me, Quicktime 1.5, Hypercard 2.1 Player, and 
Macintosh Basics), the hard disk's window is supposed to show six 
icons. But if you make the window very small (by using the size 
box), the window becomes too small to show the six icons. 
Instead, the window shows just some of the icons.
                                         Try this experiment: 
drag the size box until the window becomes so small that it shows 
just one icon.
                                         When you make the window 
that small, a blue ribbed square scroll box appears at the bottom 
of the window, and another blue ribbed square scroll box appears 
on the window's right side. By dragging the scroll boxes, you can 
shift the view that you see through the window, so you see 
different icons in the window. Shifting the view by moving the 
scroll boxes is called scrolling.
                                         Arrows and gray 
rectangles Here's another way to shift the window's view: click 
the arrows and gray rectangles that appear next to the scroll 
boxes.
                                         If you click an arrow, 
the scroll box nudges in the direction that the arrow points. To 
nudge even further in that direction, click that arrow several 
times, or just point at the arrow and hold down the mouse's 
button for a while.
                                         If you click a gray 
rectangle, the scroll box hops toward that rectangle. It hops far 
enough to make the window show the next windowful of information.
                                         The part of the window 
that consists of the scroll box, arrows, and gray rectangles is 
called the scroll bar.

                                                  Peek in folders
                                         Try this experiment. 
Enlarge the Macintosh HD window by clicking its zoom box. Use the 
scroll boxes to adjust the window's view, until you see all six 
items in the window.
                                         Four of those items are 
folders: the System Folder, Quick Time 1.5, Hypercard 2.1 Player, 
and Macintosh Basics. Each of their icons is in the shape of a 
manila folder. Let's peek inside the folders.
                                         Start by peeking inside 
the System Folder. To do that, double-click the System Folder 
icon. The System Folder icon will explode and show you everything 
inside it.
                                         When you finish peeking 
inside the System Folder, click its close box.
                                         Other Macs Different 
Macs contain different folders.

            RUN TEACHTEXT
  Get the Teachtext icon onto the screen (by exploding the 
Macintosh HD icon).
  Notice that the Teachtext icon isn't in the shape of a folder. 
Instead of being a folder, Teachtext is an application program.
  To start using an application program (such as Teachtext), 
explode its icon, by double-clicking it. Then the screen's 
appearance changes dramatically.
  Teachtext is a simple word processor; it lets you type words 
and sentences simply. Try it! After exploding the Teachtext icon, 
try typing whatever sentences you wish to make up. For example, 
try typing a memo to your friends, or a story, or a poem. Be 
creative! Whatever you type is called a document.
  Other Macs If your Mac is a Performa, here's how to get the 
Teachtext icon onto the screen. Explode the Macintosh HD icon (so 
you see the Macintosh HD window), then explode the Applications 
folder in that window.

          Use the keyboard
  The following hints will help you type. . . . 
  To capitalize a letter of the alphabet, type that letter while 
holding down the SHIFT key.
  To capitalize a whole passage, tap the CAPS LOCK key, then type 
the passage. The computer will automatically capitalize the 
passage as you type it. When you finish typing the passage, tap 
the CAPS LOCK key again: that tells the computer to stop 
capitalizing.
  If you make a mistake, press the DELETE key. That makes the 
computer erase the last character you typed.
  To erase the last two characters you typed, press the DELETE 
key twice.
  If you're typing near the screen's right edge, and you type a 
word that's too long to fit on the screen, the computer will 
automatically move the word to the line below.
  When you finish a paragraph, press the RETURN key. That makes 
the computer move to the line underneath so you can start typing 
the next paragraph.
  If you want to double-space between the paragraphs, press the 
RETURN key twice.
  If you want to indent a line (such as the first line of a 
paragraph), begin the line by pressing the TAB key. The computer 
will indent the line slightly (as if you pressed the SPACE bar 
twice).
  To type an accent, use the same technique as when you're using 
Key Caps. For example, to type the symbol , type the code for ^ 
(which is OPTION with i), then type the ``o''.
  Other Macs On old Macs, the DELETE key is called the BACKSPACE 
key and says ``Backspace'' on it.

      Scroll through documents
  If your document contains too many lines to fit in the window, 
the window will show just part of the document. To see the rest 
of the document, move the scroll box (by dragging it or by 
clicking on the nearby arrow or gray area).
                                                 Insert characters
                                         To insert extra 
characters anywhere in your document, click where you want the 
extra characters to appear (by moving the mouse's pointer there 
and then pressing the mouse's button). Then type the extra 
characters.
                                         For example, suppose you 
typed the word ``fat'' and want to change it to ``fault''. Click 
between the ``a'' and the ``t'', then type ``ul''.
                                         (When you're using the 
Mac, notice that you click between letters, not on letters.)
                                         As you type the extra 
characters, the screen's other characters move out of the way, to 
make room for the extra characters.
                                         While you're inserting 
the extra characters, you can erase nearby mistakes by pressing 
the DELETE key.

                                                    Select text
                                         Suppose the document 
contains a phrase you mistyped. Here's how to edit the phrase.
                                         First, make the phrase 
turn black, by using any of these methods. . . . 
The drag method
Point at the phrase's beginning.
Drag to the phrase's end.

The shift-click method
Click at the phrase's beginning.
While holding down the SHIFT key, click at the phrase's end.
(That's called shift-clicking the phrase's end.)

The double-click method
If the ``phrase'' is just one word, double-click it.
                                         Turning the phrase black 
is called selecting the phrase.
                                         Then say what to do to 
the phrase. For example, if you want to erase the phrase, press 
the DELETE key. If you want to replace the phrase instead, just 
type whatever words you want the phrase to become. If you want to 
move the phrase instead, choose Cut from the Edit menu, then 
click where you want the phrase to be, then choose Paste from the 
Edit menu.
                                         Notice that the Cut 
command makes sense only if you've selected some text (by turning 
that text black).
                                         If you don't select any 
text ___ if no phrase is black ___ the computer refuses to let 
you say Cut. In that situation, when you pull down the Edit menu, 
you'll notice that the word ``Cut'' appears on the menu very 
faintly: the word ``Cut'' is dimmed; it's grayed instead of being 
written in sharp black.
                                         Here's the rule: when a 
word on a menu is dimmed, the computer refuses to let you choose 
that word. The usual reason for the refusal is that you haven't 
selected a phrase (or icon or other part of the screen).

                                                    Start over
                                         If you mess up the 
entire document and want to erase it all (so you can start over 
again, fresh, from scratch), choose Select All from the Edit 
menu, then press the DELETE key.
                Save
  To copy the document onto the disk, choose Save from the File 
menu.
  Then invent a name for your document. For example, you can 
invent a short name such as ___ 
Joe
or a long name such as:
Stupidest Memo of 1995
  The name can be up to 31 characters long. It can't contain a 
colon and can't begin with a period, but it can contain any other 
characters you wish! At the end of the name, press the RETURN 
key. That makes the computer copy the document onto the disk.
  Afterwards, if you change your mind and want to do more 
editing, go ahead! Edit the document some more. When you finish 
that editing, save it by choosing Save from the File menu again.

               Finish
  When you finish working on a document, click the close box.
  (The computer might ask, ``Save changes?'' If you reply by 
clicking Don't Save, the computer won't copy your latest changes 
to the disk. If you click Save instead, the computer will chat 
with you, just as if you chose Save from the File menu.)
  The document will disappear from the screen, but you're still 
in the middle of using Teachtext. To prove you're still in the 
middle of using Teachtext, notice that the only words in the menu 
bar are the Teachtext words (File and Edit); you do not see the 
full set of standard words (File, Edit, View, Label, and 
Special).
  Then go to the File menu, and choose New, Open, or Quit. Here's 
what happens. . . . 
  If you choose New, the computer will let you start typing a new 
document.
  If you choose Open and then double-click the name of an old 
document you created earlier, the computer will put that document 
onto the screen and let you edit it.
  If you choose Quit, the computer will finish using the 
application program (Teachtext), so the menu bar will show the 
full set of standard words (File, Edit, View, Label, and 
Special).
  The screen will show the Teachtext icon next to all the other 
icons in the Macintosh HD window. Some of those icons are new; 
you automatically created them when you saved your documents. For 
example, if you created a document called ``Stupidest Memo of 
1995'', you'll see a new icon marked ``Stupidest Memo of 1995''.
  The Mac is smart: it remembers how each document was created. 
For example, it remembers that ``Stupidest Memo of 1995'' was 
created by using Teachtext.
  If you explode the ``Stupidest Memo of 1995'' icon (by 
double-clicking it), the Mac notices that the memo was created 
from Teachtext. So the Mac deduces that you must be interested in 
Teachtext. Then the Mac automatically starts running Teachtext 
and makes Teachtext open that memo, so you see the memo on the 
screen and can edit it.
  Here's the general rule: if you double-click a document's icon, 
the Mac notices which application program created the document; 
then the Mac makes that application program run and open the 
document.
                                         Forget to Quit? When you 
finish using Teachtext, you're supposed to choose Quit from the 
File menu. If you forget to choose Quit, the Teachtext program is 
still in the computer's RAM chips (even if the screen shows other 
icons and other menu items).
                                         To check whether the 
Teachtext program is still in the RAM chips, point at the Finder 
icon (which is in the screen's top right corner and shows a 
picture of a Mac); then hold down the mouse's button, so you see 
the Finder menu. If the menu mentions Teachtext, then Teachtext 
is still in the RAM chips! To remove Teachtext from the RAM 
chips, choose Teachtext from the Finder menu, then choose Quit 
from the File menu.
                                         Problem: you try 
starting Teachtext (by double-clicking the Teachtext icon), but 
nothing seems to happen. Here's why nothing seems to happen: 
you're in Teachtext already, because you forgot to Quit from 
Teachtext the previous time you used Teachtext. Solution: choose 
Quit from the File menu; then your computer will act normally.
                                         Final two steps When you 
finish using the computer, remember to take these two steps:
                                         1. If you're in the 
middle of using an application program (such as Teachtext), get 
out of it by choosing Quit from the File menu.
                                         2. When you see the 
usual desktop screen (with the menu bar saying File, Edit View, 
Label, and Special), choose Shut Down from the Special menu.
                                         Other Macs If your Mac 
is a Performa and you tell it to save your Teachtext document, it 
puts the document in the Documents folder. That folder normally 
appears on the right side of your screen (between the hard-drive 
icon and the trash can).
                                         If you're using System 
6, the Finder icon and Finder menu are missing (unless you 
installed Multifinder).

          ADVANCED FEATURES
  Here's the stuff I was afraid to talk about earlier!

       Manipulate the desktop
  When you turn the Mac on, the screen shows you the desktop, 
which is a gray area on which you see the hard disk icon and the 
trash can icon. The hard disk icon might be exploded, to show you 
what's on the disk.
  Each thing on the disk is called an item. The Mac can handle 
three kinds of items: folders (such as the System Folder), 
application programs (such as Teachtext), and documents (such as 
``Stupidest Memo of 1995''). Application programs and documents 
are called files.
  The typical icon on the screen stands for an item or for a 
whole disk.
  Now I'm going to explain how to manipulate the icons. If you're 
a beginner, experiment with just the icons that stand for junky 
documents (such as ``Stupidest Memo of 1995''); if you fiddle 
with files that are more serious, you might be sorry!
  Rename an icon To change an icon's name (such as ``Stupidest 
Memo of 1995''), click the name under the icon. (Click the name, 
not the icon.) Then retype the name and press RETURN.
  Move an icon If an icon's name (such as ``Stupidest Memo of 
1995'') blocks the names of other icons, do this: enlarge the 
window (by clicking the zoom box) and then drag the icon to a 
blank part of the window.
  If you want to move an icon into a different folder, just drag 
the icon there. Here's how. If the folder's exploded, so you see 
the folder's window, drag the icon to any blank part of that 
window. If the folder's not exploded, drag the icon you're moving 
to the folder's icon.
  Create a new folder To create a new folder, choose New Folder 
from the File menu. That makes the computer create a new folder 
and put it in the active window. The new folder has nothing in 
it; it's empty. The computer temporarily names it ``untitled 
Folder''.
  Invent a better name for the folder (such as ``Sue''). Type 
that name, then press RETURN.
  Copy an item To copy an icon (and the item it stands for), 
click the icon (so it turns black), then choose Duplicate from 
the File menu.
  That makes the computer create a copy of the icon. The computer 
puts the copy just to the right of the original.
  If the original icon was named ``Joe'' (for example), the copy 
is automatically named ``Joe copy''. If you don't like that name, 
retype it and press RETURN.
  Other Macs System 6 says ``Copy of Joe'' instead of ``Joe 
copy''.

             Trash items
  To erase an item (folder, application program, or document), 
drag its icon to the trash can. You'll see the trash can bulge, 
because it contains the item.
  The item will stay in the trash can until the computer empties 
the trash. To make the computer empty the trash, choose Empty 
Trash from the Special Menu, then click OK.
  When the computer empties the trash, the trash can stops 
bulging: the trash items disappear forever, erased from the disk.
                                         Peek in the trash If the 
trash can is bulging (because the trash hasn't been emptied yet), 
and you want to see what items the trash can contains, 
double-click the trash can's icon. You'll see all the items in 
the trash.
                                         Rescue If you change 
your mind about which items you want to erase, you can rescue an 
item from the trash can: just move the item's icon out of the 
trash can!
                                         To do that, you can drag 
the item's icon from the trash can to a different window. Another 
way to get the item out of the trash can is to click the item's 
icon, then choose Put Away from the File menu. That makes the 
computer put the item's icon back in the disk's window or folder 
that the icon originally came from.
                                         Other Macs System 6 
automatically empties the trash whenever you choose Shut Down 
from the Special Menu, restart the Mac, eject a floppy disk, copy 
an icon, or start running an application program (such as 
Teachtext).

                                                       Clock
                                         The Mac contains a 
clock. To use it, choose Alarm Clock from the Apple menu. A 
window will appear.
                                         Window's size The window 
can have two sizes: small (in which you see just one line of 
information) or large (in which you see three lines).
                                         At the window's top 
right corner, to the right of the time, you'll see tiny icon, 
called a lever. Clicking that lever changes the window's size. 
Make the window large (by clicking the lever if necessary), so 
that you see three lines of information.
                                         Current time The 
window's top line shows you the time that's on the Mac's clock.
                                         If that time is wrong, 
reset the Mac's clock. To do that, click the simple clock icon 
(in the window's bottom left corner), edit the time in the 
window's middle line (by clicking the part of the time that's 
wrong, then retyping it), then press the RETURN key.
                                         Date To see the date, 
click the calendar icon (which is in the middle of the window's 
bottom line). That makes the date appear in the window's middle 
line. If the date's wrong, edit it: click the part that's wrong, 
retype that part, then press RETURN.
                                         Alarm You can set an 
alarm, so the computer will beep you at a certain time. Here's 
how.
                                         Click the alarm-clock 
icon (in the window's bottom right corner). Edit the alarm time 
(in the window's middle line). Left of the alarm time, you'll see 
a tiny icon, which is the alarm on/off switch; click that switch, 
to make the alarm-clock icon look like it's ringing. Close the 
window.
                                         That sets the alarm 
clock to the time you wish. When that time comes, the computer 
will beep at you, and the Apple icon (in the top left corner of 
the screen) will turn into a flashing clock.
                                         To turn off the alarm, 
choose Alarm Clock from the Apple menu, click the alarm-clock 
icon (in the three-line window's bottom right corner), and click 
the alarm on/off switch (at the left edge of the window's middle 
line).
                                         Battery Even when you 
turn the Mac off, its clock keeps running by using a battery 
inside the Mac.
                                         After several years, the 
battery runs down. Then the clock becomes inaccurate, until you 
buy a new battery.
            Floppy disks
  Here's how to use floppy disks.
  Initialize a blank floppy You can buy a blank floppy disk and 
put it in your Mac. Here's how.
  First, make sure you buy the right kind of blank floppy disk. 
The disk should be 3-inch; and for a modern Mac (such as the Mac 
Color Classic), the disk should be high-density. (A high-density 
3-inch floppy disk has ``HD'' stamped on it. Two of the disk's 
corners have square holes in them. If you hold the disk up to a 
light, you can see light come through one of those two holes; the 
other hole is blocked.)
  On the front of the Mac, you'll see a horizontal slot. Put the 
floppy disk into that slot. When you insert the disk, make sure 
the arrow engraved on the disk points at the computer, the disk's 
label is on top of the disk, and the disk's metal slider goes 
into the computer before the label does.
  Push the disk all the way in.
  If the disk is indeed 3-inch, high-density, and blank, the 
computer says ``This disk is unreadable'' and asks, ``Do you want 
to initialize it?'' Click the word Initialize, then click the 
word Erase.
  The computer says, ``Please name this disk''. Invent a name for 
the disk (up to 27 characters long); type the name and then press 
RETURN.
  The computer says ``Formatting disk''. After 50 seconds (during 
which the computer formats the disk), the computer says 
``Verifying Format'', then ``Creating Directory''.
  Finally, an icon for the disk appears on the screen. Under the 
disk's icon, you see the disk name you invented.
  If you double-click the disk's icon, you see the disk's window. 
That window has no items in it yet, since the disk is still 
empty.
  Copy an item to the floppy To copy an item from the hard disk 
to the floppy disk, drag the item's icon to the floppy-disk icon 
(or into the floppy-disk window).
  Eject the floppy When you finish using the floppy and want to 
remove it from the Mac, choose Put Away from the File menu. That 
makes the computer eject the floppy (unerased and unharmed). The 
floppy's icon disappears from the screen.
  If you haven't done so yet, get a pen and scribble the floppy's 
name onto the floppy's label.
  Copy a floppy item to your hard disk Here's how to copy one 
item from a floppy disk to your hard disk.
  If you haven't done so yet, insert the floppy disk into the 
Mac. You'll see the floppy disk's icon.
  Double-click the floppy disk's icon, so you see the floppy 
disk's window. In that window, find the item you want to copy to 
the hard disk.
  Drag that item's icon to the hard disk's icon (or into the hard 
disk's window or into one of the hard disk's folders).
                                         Copy an entire floppy 
disk to your hard disk Here's how to copy all of a floppy disk's 
information to your hard disk.
                                         First, if you haven't 
done so yet, insert the floppy disk into the Mac. You'll see the 
floppy disk's icon.
                                         Drag the floppy disk's 
icon to your hard disk's icon.
                                         On your hard disk, the 
computer will create a new folder, which has the same name as the 
floppy disk and contains the same items.
                                         Explode that folder, to 
check what's in it. If it contains another folder called System 
Folder, erase that System Folder (by dragging it to the trash), 
because your hard disk should contain just one System Folder.
                                         Create a ghost icon If a 
floppy's in the drive, and you're done using the floppy, try this 
experiment: close the floppy's windows, then choose Eject Disk 
from the Special menu. That makes the computer eject the floppy 
but leave the floppy's icon on the screen. The floppy's icon 
becomes covered with black dots, as if somebody had thrown black 
sand over its dead body. That icon is called a ghost icon, 
because it represents the spirit of a departed disk!
                                         When you insert the next 
floppy into the drive, that floppy's icon appears on the screen 
also. That's how to get two floppy-disk icons on the screen 
simultaneously ___ even if you have just one floppy-disk drive.
                                         Copy an entire floppy to 
another floppy Here's how to copy an entire floppy to another 
floppy.
                                         Grab the floppy you want 
to make a copy of, and put that floppy into the drive, so you see 
that floppy's icon. Then choose Eject Disk from the Special menu, 
so that the computer ejects the floppy but leaves its ghost icon 
on the screen.
                                         Next, insert a blank 
floppy and let the computer initialize it. When the computer asks 
you to name the floppy, do not give it the same name as the 
floppy you're making a copy of. Pick a different name instead.
                                         When the computer 
finishes initializing the blank floppy, the blank floppy's icon 
appears on the screen.
                                         Drag the ghost icon to 
the blank floppy's icon. Click the word OK. Obey the computer's 
instructions about putting floppies in the drive. Then the 
computer will make the copy.
                                         Make backups To protect 
yourself against mistakes, accidents, and disasters, make extra 
copies of every floppy you own. The extra copies are called 
backups. For example, make a backup copy of the Macintosh System 
Tools disk.
                                         If you're making a copy 
of a disk called ``Joe'', do not call the copy ``Joe'' also, 
because then you'll get confused about which disk is which. 
Instead, call the copy ``Fred'' or ``Joey'' or ___ better yet ___ 
``Copy of Joe'' or ``Joe copy''.
                                         Other Macs For old Macs, 
buy floppy disks that are double-density (instead of 
high-density).
                                         In System 6, the File 
menu doesn't offer a choice called ``Put Away''. Instead, eject 
the floppy by dragging the floppy's icon to the trash can. (Don't 
worry: that will not erase the floppy.)
                                         In System 6, if you want 
to create a ghost icon, choose Eject from the File menu (instead 
of Eject Disk from the Special menu).
                    Clipboard
  When you turn on the Mac, it creates a special document called 
the Clipboard, which sits in the RAM chips instead of on a disk.
  Practically anytime you're using the Mac, you can choose Show 
Clipboard from the Edit menu. That makes the computer show you 
the Clipboard, by putting the Clipboard's window on the screen. 
When you finish looking at the Clipboard's window, click its 
close box.
  Copy & Paste Try this experiment. Create a document (by using 
an application program such as Teachtext). In that document, 
select a phrase (so the phrase becomes black). From the Edit 
menu, choose Copy. That makes the computer copy the phrase to the 
Clipboard. So if you look at the Clipboard's window (by choosing 
Show Clipboard from the Edit menu), you'll see that the Clipboard 
contains a copy of the phrase.
  Next, try this experiment. Click anywhere in your Teachtext 
document (or any other normal document), then choose Paste from 
the Edit menu. That copies the Clipboard's phrase to where you 
clicked.
  So the major Clipboard commands are Copy and Paste. Saying Copy 
lets you copy from a Teachtext document to the Clipboard; saying 
Paste lets you copy from the Clipboard to a Teachtext document.
  Copy versus Cut If you select a phrase in your Teachtext 
document and then say Copy, the phrase appears in two places: in 
your Teachtext document and also in the Clipboard. Instead of 
saying Copy, you can say Cut, which copies the phrase to the 
Clipboard but also erases the phrase from the Teachtext document, 
so that the phrase appears in just one place: the Clipboard.
  Cut & Paste Here's how to move a phrase to a different part of 
your document.
  Select the phrase (so it becomes black). Choose Cut from the 
Edit menu (so the computer moves the phrase to the Clipboard).
  Click in your document, where you want the phrase to appear. 
Click Paste from the Edit menu (so the computer copies the phrase 
from the Clipboard to where you clicked.
  Four Clipboard commands Altogether, the Edit menu contains four 
Clipboard commands:
Edit menu's commandWhat the computer will do
Show Clipboard  show the Clipboard's window
Copy            copy a selected phrase to the Clipboard
Cut             erase a selected phrase but put a copy of it on 
the Clipboard
Paste           copy the Clipboard's phrase to where you clicked
  What the Clipboard can hold The Clipboard holds just one phrase 
at a time. So when you copy a new phrase to the Clipboard (by 
saying Copy or Cut), that new phrase replaces the Clipboard's 
previous phrase, which vanishes from the Clipboard.
  When you put a phrase on the Clipboard, the Clipboard keeps 
remembering that phrase even if you switch to a different 
application program. For example, after copying a phrase from a 
Teachtext document to the Clipboard, you can switch from 
Teachtext to Superpaint (which draws pictures) and paste that 
phrase into the middle of your picture. You can also copy a 
selected part of a Superpaint picture to the Clipboard, then 
paste that picture into the middle of a Microsoft Word 
word-processing document.

           Print on paper
  To let your Mac print on paper, you must buy a printer and run 
a cable from the printer to the Mac.
  Then tell the Mac what kind of printer you bought. To do that, 
choose Chooser from the Apple menu (so you see the Chooser 
window), then click the kind of printer you chose to buy, then 
click further details from the menus. When you finish, close the 
Chooser window (by clicking its close box).
  Print a document Suppose you've created a document by using 
Teachtext. To print the document onto paper, you can use two 
methods.
  Method 1: while you're using Teachtext to edit the document (so 
that the document is on the screen), choose Print from the File 
menu, then click the word Print.
  Method 2: while you're not using Teachtext, click the 
document's icon, then choose Print from the File menu and click 
the word Print.
  Print a window When you're not in the middle of running an 
application program, here's how to copy the active window onto 
paper: choose Print Window from the File menu, then click the 
word Print.
  Other Macs For System 6, choose Print Directory instead of 
Print Window, and click the word OK instead of the word Print.

         Advanced selection
  Open the hard drive's window, so you see several icons in the 
window. You've learned that if you click a white icon, it turns 
black (and all the other icons turn white).
  Shift-click an icon Here's a new rule: if you click an icon 
while holding down the SHIFT key, that icon changes color. If the 
icon was white, it turns black; if the icon was black, it turns 
white. The other icons are unaffected. That's called 
``shift-clicking the icon''.
  Select a group Here's how to select a group of icons, so they 
all turn black and all other icons turn white.
  To begin, click where there's no icon. That turns all icons 
white, so that you start with a clean slate.
  Find the first icon that you want to be in the group, and click 
it. That icon turns black.
  Shift-click all the other icons that you want in the group. 
Those icons turn black also, while the rest of the screen remains 
unchanged.
  Select all If you want all icons in the active window to turn 
black, just choose Select All from the Edit menu.
  Drag a group After you've selected a group of icons (so several 
icons are black), try dragging one of those icons. Surprise! As 
you drag that icon, it will move ___ and so will all the other 
icons in the group.
  For example, if you drag that icon into a folder, you'll be 
dragging the whole group into the folder. If you drag that icon 
to the trash, you'll be dragging the whole group to the trash. If 
you drag that icon to a different disk instead, you'll be 
dragging the whole group to that disk.
                                                    COMMAND key
                                         Between the OPTION key 
and the SPACE bar, you'll see a key that has a squiggle on it. 
The squiggle looks like a cloverleaf. On the Mac Color Classic 
and all other modern Macs, that key also has a picture of an 
Apple on it.
                                         That key is called the 
SQUIGGLE key or CLOVERLEAF key or APPLE key. It's also called the 
COMMAND key, because it lets you give commands.
                                         For example, suppose you 
want to close a window. One way to close the window is the click 
its close box. Another way is to choose Close from the File menu. 
But another way is to hold down the COMMAND key; and while you 
keep the COMMAND key down, tap the W key.
                                         Here's how I discovered 
that trick. I looked at the File menu, saw the word ``Close'' 
there, and noticed that a squiggle and a W were next to the word 
``Close''.
                                         Discover more tricks! 
Look at each menu, and notice which words have squiggles and 
letters next to them!
                                         The Finder and Teachtext 
let you give these squiggle commands:
Command                                          Meaning
COMMAND A                                        select ALL 
things in the window (so they blacken)
COMMAND C                                        COPY the 
selected phrase to the Clipboard
COMMAND D                                        DUPLICATE the 
selected icon
COMMAND E                                        EJECT the disk 
from the drive
COMMAND I                                        display 
INFORMATION about the selected icon
COMMAND N                                        create a NEW 
folder or document
COMMAND O                                        OPEN a folder, 
application program, or document
COMMAND P                                        PRINT onto paper
COMMAND Q                                        QUIT the 
application program
COMMAND S                                        SAVE the 
document (copy it from RAM to disk)
COMMAND V                                        paste from 
Clipboard and insert it here (^)
COMMAND W                                        WIPE out the 
WINDOW, by closing the window
COMMAND X                                        X out (cut, and 
move to the Clipboard)
COMMAND Y                                        YANK floppy out 
of the drive (or item out of trash)
COMMAND Z                                        ZAP the previous 
command; undo that command

            Visual tricks
  Here's how to make the Mac perform visual tricks.
  Label menu Normally, an item's icon is black-and-white. (If the 
item's a folder, its icon has a slightly blue tinge.)
  You can dramtically color an item's icon. To do that, click the 
item's icon, then choose a color from the Label menu. You can 
choose 7 colors: Essential orange, Hot red, In-Progress pink, 
Cool sky-blue, Personal deep-blue, Project-1 green, and Project-2 
brown. The icon turns that color. (Since the icon is still 
selected, it's temporarily dark; but the darkness will go away 
when you click elsewhere on your screen.)
  By choosing among those colors, you can color-code your work. 
Make the icons of all work-in-progress be colored In-Progress 
pink, so you can find those icons easily.
  If you change your mind and want to remove the color from an 
icon, just click the icon and choose None from the Label menu.
  Pretty views After you explode an icon and see its window, you 
can use the View menu, which gives you seven choices.
  The normal choice is Icon. If you choose Small Icon instead, 
the icons in the active window appear small, so you can fit more 
icons in the window without having to scroll.
  If you choose Name instead, the icons in the active window 
appear even smaller, and the computer automatically rearranges 
the icons so that the item names are in alphabetical order. The 
computer also tells you each item's size (in kilobytes), kind 
(``folder'', ``document'', or ``application program''), label 
(such as ``In Progress'') and date (when you last edited it). 
Before a folder's icon, you normally see the symbol . If you 
click that symbol, you'll see all the items in the folder, and 
the symbol becomes . When you finish examining the folder's 
items, click the , so it becomes  again and the folder's items 
hide.
  Instead of choosing Name (which lists the items 
alphabetically), you can choose Date (which lists the newest 
items first), Size (which lists the biggest items first), Label 
(which lists Essential orange items first), or Kind (which lists 
application programs first).
  For the prettiest view, choose Small Icon from the View menu. 
Then, while holding down the OPTION key, choose Clean Up from the 
Special menu. That makes the computer rearrange all the icons, so 
they're in a neat column and don't overlap. (If you choose Icon 
instead of Small Icon, or you forget to hold down the OPTION key, 
the result isn't as pretty.)
                                         Balloons At the top of 
the screen, you see the menu bar (which contains words such as 
File and Edit). In the menu bar, you see a balloon with a 
question mark in it.
                                         That balloon's called 
the Help icon. If you point at it and hold down the mouse button, 
you'll see the Help menu.
                                         For a wild experience, 
choose Show Balloons from the Help menu.
                                         Then move the mouse 
pointer across the screen, and pause when the pointer's on an 
object (such as an icon or a menu choice). Don't click; just 
pause. Suddenly you see a little balloon, with a message 
explaining the object's purpose.
                                         Go ahead: move the 
pointer from object to object, and read all the little balloons! 
You can even pull down a menu, pause at each menu choice, and 
read a balloon about each menu choice.
                                         Then go ahead and use 
your Mac as you do normally ___ except that if you ever pause on 
an object, a balloon pops up.
                                         Though balloons are fun, 
they can sometimes distract you from getting your work done. To 
stop seeing balloons, choose Hide Balloons from the Help menu.
                                         Other Macs System 6 
gives you no Label menu, no label choice in the View menu, no 
Help icon, and no balloons.

                                                 Closing thoughts
                                         Before we leave the 
wonderful, wacky world of Mac and return to the ponderous, boring 
world of IBM, here are some closing thoughts.
                                         Close all windows When 
you're not in the middle of running an application program, try 
this experiment. Click a window's close box while holding down 
the OPTION key.
                                         That window will close; 
and while it closes, all the other windows will close also.
                                         Make your Mac normal If 
you're sharing the Mac with friends who are beginners, put the 
Mac back to normal before you shut down. Then your friends won't 
be confused by the wild orgy you had with your Mac!
                                         Here's how to put the 
Mac back to normal.
                                         Get out of any 
application program (by choosing Quit from the File menu). If 
you've given a window a fancy view, return that window to Icon 
view (or Small Icon view). Then close all windows (by clicking a 
close box while holding down the OPTION key).
                                         Drag the trash can to 
the screen's bottom right corner. Drag the hard-drive icon to the 
top right part of the screen.
                                         Then choose Shut Down 
from the Special menu.