              The ARRL SourceBook for the Disabled

			Ver. 2

           - Your Access to the World of Amateur Radio -


Edited by Mary E. Carcia, N7IAL, Educational Activities Dept.
ARRL Program for the Disabled


With Special Thanks to Contributing Authors:

Patrick W. Tice, WA0TDA		Larry Buck, K1HEJ
Betsey Doane, K1EIC			Chris Edscorn, N0CUH
Bart Jahnke, KB9NM			Eileen Sapko
John C. Hennessee, KJ4KB		Joe Carcia, NJ1Q
Jim Kearman, KR1S			Michael Tracy, KC1SX
Kate Cook, N1ODI			Hendrik M. Gruteke, KA1LHC
Steve Ford, WB8IMY			Glenn Swanson, KB1GW
Larry Buck, K1HEJ
Chris Edscorn, N0CUH
and the ARRL
Production Dept. - Shelley Bloom, WB1ENT, Dan Wolfgang
Graphics Dept. - Sue Fagan, David Pingree, N1NAS

                This electronic version is dedicated in fond memory to 
                                    Paul M. Doane, Jr.,  W1HAD.

Introduction

   Welcome! The world of Amateur Radio fun and adventure awaits. The hobby 
that's known for making friends across town or around the world has long been 
a favorite for millions of people, regardless of physical ability. Amateur 
Radio hobbyists (many themselves disabled) have pioneered adaptive/assistive 
devices to enable fellow ham radio enthusiasts to join in the excitement. 
Specialized study materials for both students and instructors are available in 
a variety of forms to accommodate special needs. You needn't wait any longer 
to realize your dream of getting on-the-air. This little booklet will tell you 
how to get started. 

Let's GO!

Section	I	Amateur Radio, the Non-Barrier Sport
Section	II	HANDI-HAM Leads the Way
Section	III	Resources to Get You On-the-Air 
Section	IV	We're ARRL...Join with Us!
Section	V	Your Thoughts Are Important to Us

===============================================
Section I: Amateur Radio, the Non-Barrier Sport
===============================================

   Have you ever thought of what it would be like to make friends with people 
all over the world?

   Amateur Radio provides you with just that opportunity! There are thousands 
of disabled people on the air participating fully in just about every aspect 
of the hobby. Activities such as routine and emergency public service 
communication, earning awards in operating contests, tracking amateur 
satellites in space, and serving as leaders in the Field Organization of the 
American Radio Relay League are but a few that many physically and visually 
impaired people enjoy. 
 
   You see, Amateur Radio operators are a fraternity whose members respect and 
accept one another as individuals with different talents and abilities. People 
of all ages and differing educational backgrounds work and play together each 
day completing off-the-air projects or participating in an operating activity.
 
Come join our ranks!

   With the integration of computers into Amateur Radio and the availability 
of speech chips often used to read various displays on transceivers, operating 
an Amateur Radio station has become much easier and more efficient for the 
disabled person. This writer has been an operator for over 35 years and 
remembers when finding the operating frequency was a real chore. Receiver 
adjustments were made by counting the number of turns of the tuning dial from 
a given known position. Happily, those days are over and although nothing is 
ever perfect, technological developments are sure making getting "on the air" 
much easier for those of us who need a different access. In fact, the gap 
between how a person with a disability and how another not so challenged 
handles equipment is fast closing. It is common to find transceivers 
manufactured with speech output for frequency readout and other audible 
signals for such functions as mode selection.

   To get started, call The American Radio Relay League at 1-800-326-3942 for 
information on the material you will need to study for your FCC amateur 
license. The American Radio Relay League (ARRL) is a nonprofit organization 
whose purpose is to promote Amateur Radio and represent us in this country and 
in the rest of the world. The frequencies we use are given to us as a 
privilege; that privilege needs constant protection because other governmental 
and commercial services are looking for available frequencies for their 
communication needs. The ARRL works hard to protect our interests and promote 
operating activities and educational experiences for our enjoyment and 
personal growth. 

   You will no doubt want to become part of this organization dedicated to 
Amateur Radio by joining as an Associate Member while not licensed and 
becoming a Full Member once you receive your call sign.

   The ARRL's Program for the Disabled within the Educational Activities 
Department is ready to be of service to you as a referral resource. They're 
developing a bank of information that includes where to find Amateur Radio-
related materials in an accessible format as well as establishing a database 
of experienced handicapped operators willing to be contacted to answer 
specific questions about which they have some expertise. To further encourage 
you, all the material you need to get started in the hobby is available on 
tape or floppy disk. Question pools to study for each Amateur Radio license 
are available both on cassette tapes and on IBM-formatted computer disks as 
ASCII files.

   So why not try it!  You'll like it!  Even those who have enjoyed this hobby 
for 50 and 60 years continue to be amazed at the variety of experiences and 
new challenges it affords them. 

   It's hard to be bored if you're an Amateur Radio operator. Why not give it 
a whirl? See you on the air! 

                             by Betsey Doane, K1EIC
                             ARRL Section Manager - Connecticut Section


INSTRUCTOR NOTES:

* Look for volunteers who live near a prospective ham or new club member 
needing assistance and suggest a plan to take turns transporting this member 
to and from meetings. Most disabled people are anxious to do all they can to 
be of service. Your help with transportation arrangements will allow that 
member to actively participate in your club and be helpful to others.

* Be creative about integrating disabled people who are not ambulatory and who 
cannot be at your meetings. Many are rendering valuable assistance by serving 
as repeater control operators and doing other tasks for the club from home. 
Be sure to appoint someone to update a person in this situation about the 
meeting.

* Introduce a handicapped person to several members, one at a time so that 
some initial identification of the person being introduced can take place.

* Encourage members to talk with the new member and learn about his or her 
different abilities!


====================================
Section II: HANDI-HAM Leads the Way!
====================================

It could be any day of the year, almost anywhere on the planet...

   Wayne, AB5PQ, of Tulsa, Oklahoma, enjoys a radio contact with a mutual 
friend. Having a disability hasn't stopped him from enjoying life and making 
friends. Kris, KA0VIY, of St. Paul, Minnesota, and volunteer Len, KZ7I, make a 
packet contact on Kris's newly installed packet station. Kris uses a speech 
board and light probe worn on her head to activate her station. She hopes to 
make regular contacts with her brother, also an amateur, who lives in 
Colorado. Linda, N7HVF, of Salt Lake City, enjoys introducing others to 
Amateur Radio through the class she is teaching. Though she is totally blind, 
she learned Amateur Radio through the Courage HANDI-HAM System and, now that 
she has her Extra, she wants to share her exciting hobby with others. What do 
these folks have in common? They are all members of the Couraage HANDI-HAM 
System, an organization dedicated to helping people with physical disabilities 
or sensory impairments to learn Amateur Radio. Some people join HANDI-HAMS to 
learn radio, and others join because they want to help. 

Expand your world!

   People with physical disabilities and sensory impairments benefit from the 
challenging, exciting, and rewarding world of ham radio through the Courage 
HANDI-HAM System.

   There are countless opportunities to visit first-hand with people at all 
points of the globe, to share experiences and opinions, to grow personally, to 
visit with friends and, when needed, to help your community by providing vital 
emergency public services. Almost anyone can become a ham, regardless of age, 
disability, previous training, or experience. Hams come from all walks of 
life, but have one common bond - a fascination with Amateur Radio. We can help 
you study for the license examinations required to become an Amateur Radio 
operator.

Membership

   Full membership in the Courage HANDI-HAM System is available to people with 
physical disabilities or sensory impairments. Only people with physical 
disabilities or sensory impairments are eligible to receive services. Our 
annual membership fee is $10.00 US.

   Volunteer membership is available to amateurs willing to give their time 
and talents to assist students in their local area.

   Associate membership is available to any individual, group, or club willing 
to offer support through equipment or financial donations and promotional 
efforts.

   All members receive the official quarterly publication HANDI-HAM World.


Services Available to Members

   Current ARRL License Manuals and other materials are recorded on cassette 
for those not able to use printed versions.

   The same ARRL License Manuals, including the Question and Answer pools are 
available on PC-compatible computer disks, suitable for conversion to large 
print or Braille. The files are in a format that can be read by a 
screenreading program. Other study materials, such as code practice programs, 
are also available on disk.

   Some study materials are produced in Braille upon request. Braille desktop 
aids, such as lists of Amateur Radio stores with phone numbers and Amateur 
Radio frequency charts are also available.

   Volunteers, when needed, are recruited to assist students in understanding 
technical theory or help with station set up and antenna installation.

   Outside resources, adapted equipment, and special needs are addressed as 
needed.

   Radio Camps are held annually - Minnesota in August and California in 
January.

   Scheduled on-the-air nets provide members the opportunity to meet each 
other.

   The HANDI-HAM World is a forum for members as well as a source of news 
about adapted equipment, ham radio activities, and much more.

   HANDI-HAM Headquarters staff are available to answer questions, help with 
studies, and make suggestions about adapted equipment. Office hours are from 
8:00 AM to 4:30 PM Central time. Appointments for visits to our Courage Center 
offices are encouraged. Staff or volunteers can assist with operating skills, 
code practice, computer skills, and one-to-one study. HQ staff also offer help 
via phone, FAX, TDD, and Internet.

   The HANDI-HAM Repair Shop, staffed by volunteers, is available to provide 
service to members with disabilities. The shop makes adaptations to equipment, 
checks and services equipment for members when possible, and reconditions used 
equipment.

   The HANDI-HAM System encourages support of the American Radio Relay League 
and their good work to further the Amateur Radio hobby.


HANDI-HAMS say...

"I went to Radio Camp and earned my Novice ticket. What a day that was! I will 
never forget how I felt when they told me I passed the code. Since then I have 
gotten my Technician."
- Kris Hass, KA0VIY

"All I want to be is like other people. I'd like to be a ham. If you want it 
hard enough, you can do it!" 
- Don Hiatt, KC7BWG

"I really enjoyed Radio Camp with the opportunity to meet fellow HANDI-HAMS 
from all over the US, especially those I've only talked to before. I learned 
more about ham radio than I could have ever dreamed. The instructors were 
great!" 
- Luther Washington, N0LTQ

"The material you provided was valuable and gave me the information I needed 
to pass the test. I think I am the only blind person in Sri Lanka who has 
passed the Amateur Radio test." 
- O. V. Dharmassena, 4S7OV

"I was not able to attend any classes and had to study from tapes alone. I 
would not have passed without your help." 
- Andre VanDerventer, ZS1ADY

   ...and so on. Many HANDI-HAM members comment on the license manuals, read 
by volunteer Tony Tretter, W0KVO, with the kind permission of the publisher, 
the American Radio Relay League. Tony reads with the patience and wisdom of 
one who has been teaching others about Amateur Radio for decades. Tony's 
reading includes a knowledgeable description of figures and diagrams that 
simply cannot be found anywhere else.

   Courage Center is a nonprofit United Way organization. Your contributions 
of money, equipment, or time are most welcome.


HANDI-HAM Resources for Amateurs

   The following resource materials are available to blind or physically 
disabled Amateur Radio operators.


Print Publications

   These print publications are available in one or more of the following 
media: Braille, computer disk, flexible disk or cassette.

   Recording for the Blind offers cassette tapes and computer disks of current 
books on Amateur Radio for the blind or physically disabled who are not able 
to use regular print. These materials are appropriate for persons with at 
least a General license. 

Recording for the Blind
20 Roszel Road
Princeton, NJ 08540
800-221-4792

   The Smith-Kettlewell Technical Journal publishes a magazine on how to build 
adaptive equipment for Amateur Radio. It is available in cassette tape, 
Braille and large print. Smith-Kettlewell will build prototypes of its 
equipment; talking digital multimeter and SWR meter. 

Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Foundation
2232 Webster
San Francisco, CA 94115 
415-567-0667

   The American Radio Relay League offers to members a list of VE and 
instructors located in your area. 

ARRL 
225 Main Street 
Newington, CT 06111
203-666-1541

   Worldradio on cassette tape is read by HANDI-HAM member Rev. Tom Carten, 
K1PZU, each month for a one-time charge. Tapes are mailed to amateurs and must 
be returned each month. International Handicapped News and QCWA Journalism 
Tapes are also available.

Rev. Tom Carten
1602-C King's College
Wilkes-Barre, PA 18711 
717-826-5811

   QST, the official ARRL publication, is available on flexible disk to blind 
and physically handicapped amateurs. Popular Communications is available in 
Braille. Consult your Regional Library for details.

Library of Congress 800-424-8567

   The National Braille Press, Inc. will transcribe materials in Braille, and 
has books on computers available in Braille for a fee. 

National Braille Press, Inc. 
88 St. Stephens Street 
Boston, MA 02115 
617-266-6160, FAX 017-437-0456

   A QSYer is a touch-tone operated device (similar to a telephone touchpad) 
used for fast frequency selection. It is especially useful for blind or 
physically handicapped operators. 

Stone Mountain Engineering Co.
Box 1573, Stone
Mountain, GA 30086
404-879-0241.

   Tactic is a magazine on the newest computer aids and how they are used. 

The Clovernook Printing House
7000 Hamilton Avenue
Cincinnati, OH 45231
513-522-3860


Materials Available on Disk

IBM-Compatible; specify disk size. Nominal fee.

   20/20 Word processor. A specialty word processor that utilizes large screen 
type. Excellent for those who can read large type. Has editing capabilities. 
Limited to 64K file size; requires 320K and graphics. Shareware fee to 
author.

   Super Morse. Excellent interactive Morse training program. User can change 
speeds, tone, character groups, etc. Operating instructions included on disk. 
Shareware fee to the author.

   Novice Pool. Questions and answers for Element 2 in ASCII format. Great for 
study using a PC, because you can search for key words using your word 
processing program. Also can be Brailled using a Braille printer. File size 
115K. Public domain.

   Technician Pool. Questions and answers for Element 3A in ASCII format. File 
size 104K. Public domain.

   General Pool. Questions and answers for Element 3B in ASCII format. File 
size 84K. Public domain.

   Advanced Pool. Questions and answers for element 4A in ASCII format. File 
size 142K. Public domain.

   Extra Pool. Questions and answers for Element 4B in ASCII format. File size 
141K. Public domain.

   FCC Part 97. Rules and Regulations pertaining to Amateur Radio in ASCII 
format. File size 128K. Public domain.

   ARRL License Manuals on disk. Now You're Talking, General, Advanced, 
Extra. 

   Copies may be sent only to disabled members.

   SAM Callsign Database Demo - This database program works well with 
screenreaders, but works with a monitor also. Look up calls or names. We have 
the demo disk. Final installation requires hard drive.

   Counties of the USA - This is a list of all the counties in the United 
States, listed alphabetically by state. ASCII format. Public domain.

   KD2MT Logger - This is a logging program written by KD2MT, and is available 
in the public domain. It is easy to use, and has fields similar to those found 
in the ARRL Logbook. We have tested this to some extent with a screenreader, 
and it works well.

   TINYTALK - Powerful screenreading program available as shareware. Fee to OMS Development, should you decide to keep using the program. Comes 
with documentation on disk. Supports wide variety of sound hardware, including 
Soundblaster, Accent, Audapter, Dectalk, Echo, Votrax, Artic, Doubletalk, and 
more.

   PACFAST - Shareware packet program works with a variety of TNCs. Supports 
SAM Database. ZIP file.

   PACKCOM - General purpose packet program works well and supports 
programmable function keys. One of many programs and files from Buckmaster 
Hamcall CD-ROM disk.

   Kenwood Files - ZIP files containing information about a variety of Kenwood 
radios, service bulletins, etc.

   Packet ZIPS - ZIP files related to packet. BAYCOM, etc. We have not tested 
these.

   1993 & 1994 HANDI-HAM World - Text files from 1993/4 issues of HANDI-HAM 
World. ASCII format. Includes articles, Dots & Dashes column.

   Other programs, files: We have access to a large number of files and 
programs on CD-ROM. If you send a special request to my attention, I can try 
to find the kind of file you need. For example, there are files on Kenwood 
service bulletins and shareware astronomy and logging programs.

   Shareware: Some programs are called "shareware." These have been written 
by an author who needs to make a living, just as you or I do. But instead of 
working for a software company, the shareware author writes a program, then 
allows it to be distributed at minimal cost, usually under $5/disk, on a trial 
basis. If you purchase a shareware disk, you may try it, and if you decide to 
keep using the disk, you send a registration fee to the author. Usually these 
fees are very reasonable; much less than you would spend purchasing software 
in a store. Payment is on the honor system.

   Public domain software: This is software that may be distributed without a 
registration fee. 

   Upcoming materials: Other software titles will be appearing on this list 
as I have time to sort through the files on the CD-ROM. If you have found a 
good shareware program that you think other members could use, let me know or 
send a copy so that we can get it on our list. 

   NOTE: Please specify disk size and format.


Nets

   HANDI-HAM Headquarters, W0ZSW, frequents the following Nets during regular 
business hours:

Courage HANDI-HAM Monday Nets: 
28.390 MHz 1000-1030 SSB
21.442 MHz 1030-1110 SSB
7.272 MHz 1500-1530 SSB

Saturday Net: 
7.112 MHz 1030 CW

NorCars: (Monday-Friday) 
7.24 MHz 0800-0900 and 1600-1630

Pico Net: (Monday-Friday) 
3.925 MHz 0900-1200 and 1500-1700, Saturday only 0900-1200

Blind Net: (Daily)
14.305 MHz 1200-1300

International Handicapper Net: (Monday-Saturday) 
14.287 MHz 1000-1200

IMRA (Missionary) Net: (Monday-Saturday) 
14.280 MHz 1230-1400
(All times given in Central time.)


HANDI-HAM Adaptive Equipment 

   The following equipment is available from HANDI-HAM Headquarters for a 
nominal fee:

   An Audible Tuning Aid is a radio-frequency device inserted in a coaxial 
line between the transmitter and the antenna, which audibly tunes the final 
amplifier section of your transmitter.

   An Audible Beam Direction Indicator is designed to be used with a Ham-M 
Rotor. It enables a blind individual to hear an audible tone, which signals 
the direction of the beam.

   A Tactile Pad is a device that allows deaf persons to feel the vibration of 
code rather than hearing the sounds.

   A Puff and Sip Keyer is an automatic Keying unit that allows an individual 
who is not able to move his hands, to send code with his mouth. It uses 
pressure switches in such a way that gentle puffs produce "dits" and gentle 
sips produces "dahs."

Call or write: 	Courage HANDI-HAM System
		3915 Golden Valley Rd
		Golden Valley, MN 55422
		612-520-0515 (Voice)
		612-520-0577 (FAX)
		612-520-0245 (TTY)
		Internet: pat.tice@giz.com


HANDI-HAM SYSTEM Radio Camps

   Courage Radio Camps are a service of the Courage HANDI-HAM System. 
Participants in the one-week sessions intensively study Amateur Radio theory 
and Morse code for their Amateur Radio operator license examinations.

   HANDI-HAM members may participate in Radio Camp regardless of their age or 
severity of disabilities. Radio Campers need only share a common desire to 
study and to develop their radio communication skills.


Activities

   Highly skilled volunteer instructors provide lectures, problem-solving 
exercises, demonstrations, on-the-air practice and laboratory assignments. 
Class size normally does not exceed 10 people per licensing class - Novice, 
Technician, General, Advanced and Extra. Ample time is available for both 
individual, self-directed practice and recreational activities (many of which 
are Amateur Radio oriented, such as operating an Amateur Radio station "Marine 
Mobile" from a pontoon fishing boat).


Sessions

Courage Center offers two annual Radio Camp sessions:

   A late summer session at Courage North, a residential camp in northern 
Minnesota operated by Courage Center. The camp is located about 35 miles north 
of Park Rapids near the headwaters of the Mississippi River.

   A session in January at Camp Joan Mier, a residential camp on the Pacific 
Coast Highway about 15 miles north of Malibu, California.

   Campers are responsible for their own transportation. Camp staff will meet 
flights near camp sites.


Accommodations

   Accommodations include semi-private, fully wheelchair-accessible cabins, 
classrooms, meeting halls and laboratories, staff are on duty 24 hours a day. 
Medical care is provided by an on-site doctor and nursing staff, and area 
medical centers. Menus can be arranged to accommodate special diets.


Trained Staff

   Each Radio Camp session is staffed by trained and experienced Courage 
Center counselors who provide high-quality personal care.


Eligibility

   Only handicapped members of the Courage HANDI-HAM System are eligible to 
attend Radio Camp sessions. A camp application request form will appear in our 
news publication, HANDI-HAM World, several months prior to each camp, or you 
may write to the Courage HANDI-HAM System, requesting a camp application, 
stating which camp you want to attend. Completed forms must be returned two 
months prior to the Radio Camp to ensure a well-planned session.


Fees

   A nonrefundable processing fee of $15.00 must be sent along with the 
application. In 1994, the fee for the one-week Radio Camp was $135.00. (Note: 
Fees are subject to change.)


What is Covered in the Fee

   The camp fee covers lodging and food at camp, normal care (no personal care 
attendants need accompany you to camp, as this level of care will be 
provided), instruction in an Amateur Radio course, and some recreational 
opportunities, such as field trips.


What is not Covered in the Fee

   Only the items listed above are covered. Campers are responsible for 
getting to and from camp, allthough we will make a reasonable effort to 
arrange for pick up with an adapted vehicle at the nearest bus station or 
airport for no extra charge. Educational materials, such as books, tapes, and 
computer disks, should be purchased by the camper and used well in advance of 
camp. Special care in the event of illness or accident is the responsibility 
of the camper. Campers must bring their own money for shopping or eating 
outside of camp.

For more information on Courage Radio Camps contact: 
Courage HANDI-HAM System
3915 Golden Valley Road
Golden Valley, MN 55422
612-520-0515 (voice)
612-520-0577 (FAX)
612-520-0245 (TTY)
pat.tice@giz.com (Internet)


ARRL Goes to Radio Camp

   For many years, the American Radio Relay League has supported the efforts 
of the Courage Center HANDI-HAM System and continues to do so. One of the ways 
this is done is through the presence of an ARRL representative to HANDI-HAM 
Radio Camp. I have been the ARRL representative for seven Radio Camp sessions. 
The ARRL's role at Radio Camp is for the representative to teach an Amateur 
Radio class, to answer questions about the ARRL, encourage campers to join the 
ARRL and present seminars as needed. The most important function of the ARRL 
is to listen to the needs of persons with disabilities and to find ways the 
ARRL can help meet those needs through support of such fine organizations as 
the Courage Center HANDI-HAM System. 

   Radio Camp is much more than simply preparing to pass an Amateur Radio 
examination. It is a very personal, reflective experience for all involved. It 
is about challenging yourself and finding ways to meet those new challenges. 
For some individuals, Radio Camp is the first time away from home for an 
extended period of time. It is also a time of fellowship and of people with 
similar disabilities finding out how to deal with a particular problem first-
hand. 

   Radio Camp can also be a very humbling experience for people without 
disabilities. As I was preparing to attend my first Radio Camp in 1986, I 
thought I was going to camp to try and help people with disabilities learn 
more about Amateur Radio. Little did I realize that I was going to return to 
Connecticut with a greater understanding of life in general. 

   One memorable experience was at a camp session in the late 80s. I was 
guiding Dave Rutledge, W9KRQ, one of the instructors, back to the cabin. We 
were walking through an area that was very poorly lit. I stopped and said 
"Dave, I can't see a thing because there aren't any lights." Without missing 
a beat, Dave whipped out his cane and said "Don't worry. Just grab my arm and 
I'll get us there in a jiffy." He did just that!

   Another time, I was fishing with an amateur who had use of only one leg. I 
mentioned that the bait kept falling off my fishing hook. I was shown the 
proper way to put a leech on a hook. He baited my hook with his toes! 

   The real people with courage are individuals who face each day with a 
physical disability, but who are able to overcome a particular handicap and to 
live each day to its fullest. Amateur Radio, through the efforts of 
instructors across the country, the ARRL, and especially the Courage Center 
HANDI-HAM System, can help disabled individuals maximize their potential. 

                             by John C. Hennessee, KJ4KB
                             ARRL Regulatory Information Specialist


Materials Available from the HANDI-HAM System

   Individuals who have physical disabilities or sensory impairments and are 
currently paid members of the HANDI-HAM System may purchase the following 
study material. The fee is $1.00 per tape in advance, which helps to defray 
the cost of materials and production.

A word about formats . . .

   Study materials are available in a variety of formats. The 2-track is a 
standard speed cassette that will play on any cassette player, stereo or 
monaural. The 4-track plays only on special Library of Congress players that 
are available without charge from your local State Services for the Blind or 
Physically Disabled. Computer disk materials are listed on a separate "disk 
list." All materials are copyrighted and are generously shared with HANDI-HAMS 
by the publishers for the use of our disabled members only. You must be a 
disabled member to order these materials. If you are a Volunteer-member 
without a disability, and are helping a person with a disability to order 
materials, the order must be in the disabled person's name and the disabled 
person must be a member. This is by agreement with the publishers of 
copyrighted materials.

NOVICE AND TECHNICIAN THEORY FOR BEGINNERS

ARRL Now You're Talking! with Q & A
2-track (24 tapes)
4-track (7 tapes)

ARRL First Steps In Radio
4-track (3 tapes)

Amateur Radio School
by Jerry Ziliak (1987)
2-track, 90 min. (5 tapes)

GENERAL THEORY

ARRL License Manual with Q & A
2-track (12 tapes)
4-track (4 tapes)


ADVANCED THEORY

ARRL License Manual with Q & A
2-track (17 tapes)
4-track (4 tapes)


Theory by Jerry Ziliak (1987)
2-track, 90 min. (5 tapes)

EXTRA THEORY

ARRL License Manual with Q & A
2-track (13 tapes)
4-track (5 tapes)


Theory by Jerry Ziliak (1987)
2-track, 90 min. (5 tapes)

RULES AND REGULATIONS

ARRL The FCC Rule Book
2-track (12 tapes)
4-track (4 tapes)


SKILLS FOR OPERATING A HAM STATION

CW Abbreviations and Q Signals
2-track (1 tape)

Running Your Own Ham Station
2-track (2 tapes)
4-track (1 tape)

ARRL Public Service Communications
2-track (3 tapes)
90 min.
4-track (2 tapes)

LEARNING ABOUT ANTENNAS

ARRL Antenna Book
4-track (9 tapes)

The Easy Way HF Antenna Systems
by John M. Haerle
4-track (2 tapes)

Commodore Hams Companion
2-track (4 tapes)

Get Connected to Packet
by Jim Grubbs, K9EI
2-track (6 tapes)

Amateur Radio Callsign Prefix
2-track (2 tapes)

ARRL Net Directory
2-track (5 tapes)

Radio Frequency Interference
2-track (7 tapes)

Manual for the Yaesu FT-530
2-track (3 tapes)

Manual for the Kenwood 440
2-track (4 tapes)

Manual for the Kenwood 450
2-track (2 tapes)

Manual for Realistic HTX202
2-track (2 tapes)

AMATEUR RADIO CODE

ARRL Introduction to Code (English)
2-track, 90 min. (2 tapes)

ARRL Introduction to Code (Spanish)
2-track (2 tapes)

Twin Oaks Associates
Systems 12 (through 13 wpm)
Systems 24 (through 20 wpm)
2-track (5 tapes)
2-track (5 tapes)

Amateur Radio School by Jerry Ziliak
0 to 23 wpm
13 wpm code
20 wpm code

2-track, 90 min. (3 tapes)
2-track, 90 min. (2 tapes)
2-track, 90 min. (1 tape)

ARRL Practicing Tapes

5 wpm (both sides)
13 wpm (both sides)
20 wpm (side one 23 wpm)
       (side two 26 wpm)

Code Practice Cassettes
Set 1
Set 2
Set 3
Set 4

 5-10 wpm (2 tapes)
10-15 wpm (2 tapes)
15-22 wpm (2 tapes)
13-14 wpm (2 tapes)

Increasing Speeds
Side 1:          
4-7 wpm
7-13 wpm
13-19 wpm
Side 2:
5-9 wpm
10-15 wpm
16 wpm

WHAT IS HAM RADIO?

Amateur Radio, Super Hobby
by Vince Luciani, K2VJ
2-track (6 tapes)

The Wonderful World of Ham Radio
by Richard Skoinick, KB4LCS
2-track (3 tapes)

   HANDI-HAM World is the official quarterly publication of the Courage HANDI-
HAM System. All members and associates receive the print edition. 
   The cassette tape edition may be requested in writing by those who have 
paid the $10.00 annual membership fee.


HANDI-HAM Adaptive Equipment

   An Audible Tuning Aid is a radio frequency device inserted in a coaxial 
line between the transmitter and the antenna, which audibly tunes the final 
amplifier section of your transmitter: Fee.

   An Audible Beam Direction Indicator is designed to be used with a Ham-M 
Rotor. It enables a blind individual to hear an audible tone, which signals 
the direction of the beam: Fee.

   A Tactile Pad is a device that allows deaf persons to feel the vibration of 
code rather than hearing the sounds. We have plans that show how to construct 
this simple device: No charge.

   The Puff and Sip Keyer is an automatic keying unit that allows an 
individual who is not able to move his hands, to send code with his mouth. It 
uses pressure switches in such a way that gentle puffs produce "dits" and 
gentle sips produces "dahs." Available for loan - special order.

   Computer programs and study materials are available on disk for IBM-
compatibles. Please write and request computer materials list.

                             by Pat Tice, WA0TDA
                             Manager, Courage HANDI-HAM System

INSTRUCTOR NOTES:

* Advise your new operator who's purchasing equipment to contact the major 
manufacturers and talk with others to ask about such features as the size and 
placement of controls and the availability of speech output or large print 
displays for functions such as frequency readout and mode selection.

* Plan ahead. An antenna party is not a luxury for a disabled person, as most 
would be off-the-air without some assistance. 

* Be realistic about your time commitments to projects involving station set 
up and maintenance because it is very discouraging when promises of valued and 
needed help are continually broken.

* Be patient and encouraging as you precisely instruct your student in the 
operation of the equipment. Some may wish to take notes on the layout of the 
front panel of transceivers.

* Never leave tools or other debris around the operating area.


============================================
Section III: Resources To Get You On-the-Air
============================================

Audible Frequency Readouts:

   Jerri Arnold offers well-engineered, sophisticated units, custom built for 
any digital transceiver - Jerri Arnold, W0JNI, 7923 West Iowa Drive, Lakewood, 
CO 80226, 303-986-6737.

   A & A Engineering offers a less expensive unit (in kit form) that uses 
pauses in place of decimal points when speaking frequency - A & A Engineering, 
2521 West LaPalma, Anaheim, CA 92801, 714-952-2114.

   Audible Tuning Aids can be purchased from a HANDI-HAM member - Richard 
Dershem, W8JLY, 308 East Broadway, Covington, OH 45318, 513-473-5538.

   The Braille Institute will transcribe books into Braille for a fee - 
Braille Institute, 741 North Vermont Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90029, 213-663-
1111.

   MAXI-AIDS sells 12 hour and 24 hour Talking Clocks and Pyramid Clocks - 
MAXI-AIDS, 86-30 102nd Street, Richmond Hill, NY 11418, 800-522-6294.

   Minnesota State Services for the Blind offers a Tactile Diagram Book of 
schematics found in Novice and Tech/General materials. The book is available 
to Minnesotans without charge and to people in other states for a fee - MN 
State Services for the Blind, 2200 University Ave. West, St. Paul, MN 55114, 
612-642-0500. NOTE: Students have preferance for descriptions in addition to 
tactile presentations.

   Innovative Rehabilitation Technology Inc. (IRTI) sells 4-track tape 
recorders and talking computers. - IRTI, 2277 Old Middlefield Way, Mountain 
View, CA 94043, 415-961-3161.

   AEA Engineering has available on IBM and IBM compatible disk the manual for 
the PK232. They will supply these manuals without charge to blind persons 
using the PK232. - AEA Engineering, 2006 196th Street S.W. P.O. Box 2160, 
Lynnwood, WA 98036, 206-775-7373.

   Independent Living Aids, Inc. sells a Library of Congress 4-track tape 
player, talking clock, cassette mailers and other adaptive devices. - 
Independent Living Aids, Inc. 27 East Mall, Plainview, NY 11803 800-537-2118.

   Blind persons can obtain Braille Transcriptions of Amateur Radio Rules and 
Regulations and theory exams. There is a charge per page to cover costs. Print 
material to be Brailled should be sent to The Lighthouse Braille Service, 
Dorothy Allen, 2535 32nd Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94116, 415-731-2979.

   The Morse Tutor can be gotten for use with the IBM PC, XT, AT and 
compatibles through GGTE. You can learn the International Morse Code or 
improve your capabilities. One diskette will take you from the beginner 
through Extra Class in easy self-paced lessons. 3-1/2" floppy disk format 
available also. - GGTE, P.O. Box 3405, Newport Beach, CA 92659.

   A Resource Guide to Computer Access for Visually Impaired People is 
compiled by TRI-VISUAL SERVICES, P.O. Box 221310, Sacramento, CA 95822, phone 
916-428-8602. This guide lists a variety of hardware and software sources, and 
is available in a variety of formats.

   IBM's NATIONAL SUPPORT CENTER FOR PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES provides 
information on what computer technologies are available. Resource guides on 
disabilities affecting hearing, learning, speech, and language, mobility, and 
vision are provided: They list vendor and product descriptions, names, and 
addresses. For more information, write the IBM National Support Center For 
Persons With Disabilities, P.O. Box 2150, Atlanta, GA 30301-2150. Phone: 800-
426-2133 (voice) 800-284-9482 (TDD)

   QST Magazine on flexible disks recorded at 8-1/3 RPM. Library of Congress, 
National Library Service, Library for the Blind and Physically Handicapped, 
Washington, D.C. 20542

   Blazie Engineering, 105 E. Jarrettsville Rd., Forest Hill, MD. 21050; 410-
893-9333; FAX: 410-836-5040; computer hardware
 
   TeleSensory Systems, 455 North Bernardo Ave., P.O. Box 7455, Mountain View, 
CA 94039-7455; 415-960-0920; Telex: 278838 TSI UR; FAX: 415-969-9064; 
manufacturer of computer Braille and speech hardware and software.
 

INSTRUCTOR NOTES:

* Be yourself.

* Communicate with a disabled person using a normal tone of voice. Unless your 
friend truly has a hearing problem, speaking loudly is totally inappropriate.

* Encourage open communication. Both of you should be asking questions of each 
other and learn from one another.

* Create an environment that encourages you and your disabled friend to be 
honest about what each of you needs in terms of adequate time for planning 
projects, a realistic assessment of what can be accomplished in a given amount 
of time, and an understanding of how you can be helpful. Communicating in this 
fashion will result in your being appreciated in ways you will always cherish.


   The National Technology Center, The American Foundation for the Blind, 15 
W. 16th St., New York, N.Y. 10011; 212-620-2080 M.-F. 8:30-4:30 EST; get 
objective information about adaptive equipment and benefit from their Careers 
and Technology Information Bank which refers callers to experienced users of 
equipment.
 
   Duxbury Systems, Inc., 435 King St., P.O. Box 1504, Littleton, MA 01460; 
508-486-9766; produces Braille publishing software.

   Raised Dot Computing, 408 S. Baldwin St., Madison, WI 50373; 608-257-8833; 
produces MegaDots, a unique word processor suited for both sighted and 
visually impaired users which knows the rules of Braille translation. Imports 
documents from over 95 different formats and quickly translate to Braille with 
a minimum amount of reformatting.


Helpful Resources for Instructors

Learning Aids & Adaptive Technology:

National Association of the Deaf
814 Thaye Ave.
Silver Spring, MD 20910
301-587-1788

Mobility Products & Design
3200 Harbor Ln.
Minneapolis, MN 55447
800-328-3632


INSTRUCTOR NOTES:

* Construct physical models to demonstrate some of the theoretical concepts 
needed to understand the material being presented. Three-dimensional models 
and raised-line drawings of curves are particularly beneficial for those who 
have a visual impairment. For example, the notion of the general shape, 
frequency, amplitude and phase shift of the sine waves can be demonstrated by 
affixing string to a surface to form a reasonable tactile picture. Raised-line 
drawings of such curves can be constructed by using an appropriate tool on 
heavy paper.

* Don't forget to take those parts out of the proverbial junk box and let your 
student examine them. Do not assume that your student will necessarily shy 
away from playing with hardware; many disabled operators have done some 
ingenious technical work.


National Rehabilitation Association
633 S. Washington St.
Alexandra, VA 22314
703-836-0850

Recording for the Blind, Inc.
The Anne T. MacDonald Center
20 Roszel Rd., Princeton, NJ 08540
609-452-0606

ACCENT On Living Buyer's Guide
Annual Editions - Cheever Publishing, Inc.
PO Box 700, Bloomington, IL 61702
309-378-2961


On Starting an Amateur Radio Program in a Rehabilitative Facility: 

THE CROTCHED MOUNTAIN ARC STORY

   The Crotched Mountain Rehabilitation Center (CMRC) of Greenfield, New 
Hampshire, started the Crotched Mountain Amateur Radio Club (CMARC) in March, 
1991. The club founder, Chris Edscorn, N0CUH, a teacher's assistant and 
General operator, noticed that the students were interested in Amateur Radio. 
He felt that hamming would be a fun activity for the students, while at the 
same time enhance what they were learning at the Crotched Mountain Preparatory 
School. Fifteen students joined the new club and were very active. Some 
attended a licensing class, while others came to regular operating sessions 
with Chris, and licensed Amateur Radio volunteers from New Hampshire and 
Massachusetts, who'd act as control operators.

   The club has proven to be beneficial in many ways. Each year, 10 to 20 
students participate. These students have a variety of multiple disabilities. 
Some are nonspeaking, using communications books or touch talker-like devices 
to carry on conversations. Because these methods of communication are slower 
than speaking, students find Amateur Radio packet operations, with its pauses 
to take turns in conversations, ideal. Students will spend time before getting 
on-the-air preparing questions to ask and responses to typical questions that 
they might be asked. They also practice procedural signals like "73" and 
"clear," so that they can participate in voice contacts with a control 
operator acting as the "interpreter." Voice communication is more exciting 
because of the immediacy, but unlike with packet, students are less 
independent or in control of what is being communicated.

   We have students with emotional disabilities who need to learn to speak 
appropriately. Some coaching beforehand about the legal ways of on-the-air 
communicating, plus the excitement and desire to use Amateur Radio are enough 
for them to control their language. The control operator also helps to keep 
conversations on an appropriate path. Such things as taking turns, listening, 
not talking until another is finished, being polite and thinking of 
interesting things to say or ask are stressed and even children learn these 
skills and can carry on a conversation independently. 

   Some students lack fine motor skills for operating a microphone or radio 
controls. Adaptive equipment has been designed for use by some, while control 
operators assist others, allowing them to participate. Students with speech 
difficulties are usually so excited about talking on the radio and making 
themselves understood that they speak more clearly than ever before. The pride 
of this accomplishment brings them new confidence and feelings of self-worth. 
Nonspeaking students develop packet radio pals. They learn about composing 
letters and find friends in other parts of the country to write to. As these 
students learn about the interests of others it seems to help them think less 
about their own situation and more about other people.

   One legally blind and deaf student earned his Technician Amateur Radio 
license. It was the hardest thing he had ever done in his life. He worked with 
more attention and determination than he had ever displayed before. It proved 
to him he could reach a difficult goal and that he had what it takes to reach 
goals in his life. It was a turning point for him.

   Each student at CMRC that has made the effort to achieve through Amateur 
Radio has taken something back with them. For some it is just a fun and 
interesting experience, for others it makes a major change in their life. It 
seems to be beneficial to all in some way. On one day a student may get their 
license and open up the world and a lifetime of communicating. They find 
acceptance and knowledge, confidence and self-worth, fun and excitement and a 
world more fascinating than they could ever have imagined!

                             Chris Edscorn, N0CUH
                             Crotched Mountain Rehabilitation Center ARC


Hamming with Arthritis

   This was a difficult piece to write as I couldn't think of what 
difficulties there are! I guess some days packet radio goes a bit slower as 
the fingers don't fly across the keyboard as they might on a "good" day. Morse 
code might have been a problem for me but with a paddle key that isn't too 
bad, either. I guess there aren't too many obstacles...but I can tell you 
about how Amateur Radio makes a positive difference when having a bad day.

   There are days when it hurts to move. Those days when it's hard to get out 
and you don't always look your best. With radio, I have access to everyone on-
the-air and they don't care how I look or how fast I can type or even if I'm 
sitting in bed. Amateur Radio brings the world to me, and for the most part, 
it is a very caring bunch of people. I am accepted for me, the person and not 
looked upon by what my disability is or even whether I have one. First and 
foremost, I'm seen as a person.

   Sure...there are times when putting up an antenna may be a problem...but 
that's a problem at times for a lot of hams. And there are plenty of hams 
willing to help with that. At those times, I don't worry about climbing 
ladders or adjusting small clamps...I just open my mouth and ask for 
help...then keep the coffee and donuts available for the helpers!

   Amateur Radio has been such a positive thing for me personally. I've met 
some of the most interesting people through hamming - including my husband - 
but that's a different story! I stay in touch with people and they stay in 
touch with me. The world is literally at my fingertips no matter what mode I 
choose, but the important thing to remember is that ham radio is really for 
everyone!

                             by Kate Cook, N1ODI
                             ARRL Educational Activities Assistant


======================================
Section IV: We're ARRL...Join with Us!
======================================

   It's only natural to want to experience as much of this thrilling hobby as 
possible...to be on top of the latest development in the Amateur Radio world. 
That's why more than 170,000 US Amateurs are proud members of The American 
Radio Relay League.

   The American Radio Relay League, Inc (ARRL) is a noncommercial association 
of radio amateurs, organized for the promotion of interest in Amateur Radio 
communication and experimentation, for the establishment of networks to 
provide communication in the event of disasters or other emergencies, for the 
advancement of the radio art and of the public welfare, for the representation 
of the radio amateur in legislative matters, and for the maintenance of 
fraternalism and a high standard of conduct.

   "Of, by, and for the radio amateur," the ARRL numbers within its ranks the 
vast majority of active amateurs in the nation and has a proud history of 
achievement as the standard-bearer in amateur affairs.
 
Benefits you're entitled to as an ARRL member:

   QST, our monthly membership journal, is simply THE SOURCE for news and 
information on any topic that's part of, or relates to, Amateur Radio. Here's 
some of what you'll find every month:

   Informative and hard-hitting Product Reviews of the newest radios and 
accessories from hand-held and mobile FM radios, to home-station transceivers, 
antennas and even shortwave radios.

   Coming Conventions/Hamfest Calendar. These columns show you who's getting 
together every month at hamfests, conventions and swapmeets in your area.

   The Public Service column keeps you up to date on the public service 
efforts hams are providing around the country and shows you how you can join 
in this satisfying aspect of our hobby.

   The New Ham Companion section is filled with features and how-to 
information just for beginning hams. 

   Whether you're interested in contesting, DXing, or radios, accessories and 
antennas you can build at home, QST covers them all. And there's more: New 
trends and the latest technology, fiction, humor, news, club activities, rules 
and regulations, special events, packet radio, and much more.

   Technical Information Service (TIS). The Technical Information Service has 
been around for a long time, but, thanks to the addition of new staff, it has 
an all new face! Questions on topics ranging from antennas to Zener diodes (A 
to Z), and just about anything in-between, are answered by expert ARRL 
Technical Coordinators and Technical Specialists in the field and at ARRL 
Headquarters. Our Headquarters technical staff will help you over the phone, 
refer you to a volunteer ARRL Technical Specialist in your area, or send you 
the needed information from a growing collection of information packages. For 
really difficult questions, one of our Laboratory Engineers will research our 
technical library and send you an answer by postal or electronic mail 
(Internet: tis@arrl.org).

   Ham Radio Equipment Insurance. As a League Member, you can take advantage 
of the ARRL All-Risk Equipment Insurance program at a substantial savings over 
other plans. 

   Outgoing QSL Service. Let us be your mail carrier and handle your overseas 
QSLing chores. The savings you accumulate through this service alone can pay 
your membership dues many times over.

   ARRL Field Organization. Be part of a League tradition and join a select 
group of ARRL Volunteers serving your fellow Radio Amateurs and the public.

   Operating Awards. The League sponsors the most popular operating awards. 
You can increase your operating proficiency while you find out about the 
history and culture of places you've only dreamed of visiting.

   A bona fide interest in Amateur Radio is the only essential requirement, 
but full voting membership is granted only to licensed radio amateurs of the 
US. Therefore if you have a license, please indicate it.

Membership rates in the US:

	Regular	65 or older	Family or Blind

1 Year	$31	$25	$5 
2 Years	$59	$48	$10
3 Years	$83	$67	$15

Membership Rates Elsewhere:*

	Regular	65 or older

1 Year	$44	$38  
2 Years	$85	$74
3 Years	$122	$106

   IMPORTANT: Payment in US funds only. Checks must be drawn on a bank within 
the US.

   * These rates include the postage surcharge that partially offsets the 
additional cost to mail QST outside the US. Contact the ARRL for airmail 
rates. A member of the immediate family of a League member, living at the same 
address, may become a League member without QST at the special rate of $5.00 
per year. Family membership must run concurrently with that of the member 
receiving QST. Blind amateurs may join without QST for $5.00 per year. QST is 
available on flexible disk from the Library of Congress (contact your local 
library for information) and also from Talking Book Publishers, PO Box 1653, 
Englewood, CO 80150 (write them for full information).

   Persons who are age 65 or older may upon request apply for League 
membership at the reduced rates shown. A one-time proof of age, in the form of 
a copy of a driver's license or birth certificate is required. If you are 
under the age of 21 and the oldest licensed amateur in the household, a 
special rate may apply. Life membership is also available. Contact the ARRL 
for an application.

   Your membership certificate will be mailed to you in about 2 weeks from the 
date we receive your application. Delivery of QST may take slightly longer, 
but future issues should reach you on a regular basis. Membership is available 
only to individuals. Fifty percent of dues is allocated to QST, and the 
balance for membership.

DUES ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE.

   Please remit a check or money order (drawn on a US bank) or one of the 
following credit card numbers: MasterCard, VISA, DISCOVER, American Express. 
Include full card number and expiration date. Also, please include your name, 
date, call sign and full mailing address. Send to:

The American Radio Relay League
225 Main Street
Newington, CT 06111 USA
or phone 203-666-1541
or fax 203-665-7531 
djahnke@arrl.org (Internet) 


Accessing the ARRL on the Information Superhighway

   The ARRL is as close as your computer. There are three ways you can access 
our extensive Amateur Radio information electronically:

   Through the various on-line services such as CompuServe, GEnie, America 
Online, and Prodigy. The ARRL posts news bulletins, our publications catalogs 
and other helpful files to these services. Look for ARRL information in 
sections dedicated to Amateur Radio. On CompuServe, for example, you'll find 
us in the HamNet forum. You can also leave messages for anyone on the ARRL 
Headquarters staff through these services.

   The ARRL Hiram bulletin board system (BBS). Our bulletin board operates 24 
hours a day and can accept up to four connections simultaneously. You can 
access Hiram with the same modem and software you use to reach the on-line 
services. Just dial 203-666-0578. If the system does not answer your call, it 
means that it's being used to capacity. Try again later.

   Once you've logged onto the BBS, you can explore the system and download 
any files you desire. You'll find a wealth of information for new hams, as 
well as a number of programs to increase your operating enjoyment. As with the 
on-line services, you can leave messages on Hiram for people at Headquarters.

   The ARRL InfoServer can be accessed via the Internet. It's an automated 
system that gives you access to many information files relating to various 
facets of Amateur Radio. You can retrieve any file by simply sending an 
Internet e-mail message. Each file you request is then mailed to you 
automatically.

To request something from the InfoServer, send a message to:

info@arrl.org

   The server ignores the subject line, so you can leave it blank. The 
important information - the InfoServer commands - go in the body of your 
message. They are:

reply <address>

   This command is optional. You only need to use it if the FROM: line in your 
message does not contain a valid Internet address. In most cases, it will. If 
you use this command, it must appear on the first line of your message.

help

Sends a handy InfoServer "help" file.

index

   Retrieves a list of available files.

send <filename>

   Use this command to retrieve the file you want. You can ask for more than 
one file in a single message by placing send commands on separate lines.

quit

   This command must appear on the last line of every message sent to the 
InfoServer.

   Let's say you want to grab the latest W1AW transmission schedule and a list 
of kit suppliers. The body of your message would look like this:

send W1AW.SKD
send KITS.TXT
quit

   The InfoServer will receive your message within minutes. Almost immediately 
the requested files will be on their way back to you. If you're using an on-
line service to send requests to the InfoServer, find out if they impose 
restrictions on the maximum size of incoming messages. Some InfoServer files 
are large.

                             by Steve Ford, WB8IMY
                             Assistant Managing Editor, QST


Taking the Examination for Your License

   Many handicapped persons accept and benefit from the personal challenge of 
passing the examination in spite of their hardships. For those persons who 
require assistance in taking their examinations, a variety of accommodative 
procedures are used by Volunteer Examiners (VEs) to help them demonstrate 
their knowledge and ability.

   In Section 97.509(h) of its rules, the FCC directs Volunteer Examiners to 
accommodate an examinee whose physical disabilities require a special 
examination procedure. In order to determine what accommodations may be 
appropriate, the FCC Rules also state that the administering VEs may require 
the examinee to provide a physician's statement which would indicate the 
nature of the disability before they determine which, if any, special 
procedures must be used.


INSTRUCTOR NOTES:

* The type of computer access must be settled first. The book SOLUTIONS: 
ACCESSING TECHNOLOGIES FOR PEOPLE WHO ARE BLIND, published 
by The National Braille Press, Inc. (see Section II) along with discussions with 
experienced handicapped users are two very helpful resources.

* Orient your student to the keyboard using the usual typewriter fingering if 
possible. Emphasize the large raised dot on the "f" and "j" keys for finding 
the "home row." Physically handicapped students who have difficulty entering 
keystrokes may need to use "sticky keys," software that allows for a key to be 
depressed and held without the letter or number corresponding to it being 
entered repeatedly.


   In what ways can VEs accommodate handicapped persons?

   VEs can administer the examination at a place convenient and comfortable to 
the examinee, even bedside. The VEs may read the questions to blind persons. 
The VEs also write for the examinee where the examinee is unable to do so. For 
a deaf person, the Morse code test dots and dashes are sent to a vibrating 
surface or a flashing light. Where warranted, the VEs pause in sending the 
Morse code message after each sentence, each phrase, each word, or each 
character to allow the examinee additional time to absorb and interpret what 
was sent. Also, the VEs substitute a Morse code sending test for a receiving 
test where the examinee's particular handicap precludes using a receiving 
test. VEs will often use headphones and change the volume or the frequency of 
the Morse code tones to accommodate an applicant. Persons who cannot pass the 
higher speed Morse code tests may be eligible to use a Morse code exemption 
process provided under Section 97.505(a)(5)(i)(ii) of the FCC Rules. For those 
persons with severe handicaps who already have passed the necessary written 
examination elements (and show proof of having passed a minimal 5 wpm Morse 
code examination) required toward a General, Advanced or Extra Class upgrade, 
this rule permits exemption from needing to take a 13 or 20 wpm Morse code 
test. The FCC Form 610 is used for obtaining the Morse code exemption. A 
Physician's Certification of Disability must be completed by a Medical Doctor 
(MD) or Doctor of Osteopathy (DO) to qualify. Only physicians holding these 
two qualifications can make the necessary FCC-required certification. The 
Physician's Certification is valid for one year (365 days).

   Must a handicapped person be exempted from the higher speed Morse code 
tests? 

   Of course not. However, in some cases, even when a handicapped person has 
attempted to pass the Morse code test using one or more of the accommodative 
procedures described above, it is not possible for the person to pass the 
test. Furthermore, the FCC states that the physician should execute a 
certification only when the nature of the individual's handicap is so severe 
as to prevent the person from passing a 13 or 20 wpm telegraphy examination, 
even where the above special accommodative procedures are used. The certifying 
physician (either an MD or DO) must be licensed to practice in the United 
States or its Territories. When a physician does sign a certification, the 
applicant must then sign a release (also found on the FCC Form 610) permitting 
disclosure to the FCC of medical information pertaining to the person's 
handicap. No individual can be completely exempted from taking and needing to 
pass a Morse code test if that person is seeking a license other than the 
(codeless) Technician license (which does not include a Morse code 
requirement).

   Not all Volunteer Examiners (we have more than 20,000 active ones in the 
ARRL/VEC program) have had experience in providing accommodations to 
handicapped persons. When you contact a Volunteer Examiner, you may find that 
the examiner may need to refresh himself/herself on the relevant procedures 
and requirements. In some cases, the Volunteer Examiners may feel more at ease 
if they could consult with their coordinating VEC (such as with the ARRL/VEC) 
to better understand what procedures may be considered for you. So, be patient 
in working with the Volunteer Examiners in seeking the help you may need.


Where Can an Amateur Radio Interest Lead?

   Is ham radio just a hobby? No, I would say it is very much more. Ham radio 
can set the stage for finding a rewarding career in one of many fields, and 
can dictate what your future may hold, whether you are handicapped or not.

   As a teenager in the mid 1970s, I was very interested in ham radio (this 
was during the CB boom). At my high school, there had been a ham radio station 
about ten years earlier - but it was in disrepair, and there were no teachers 
or students who were hams. I did try to organize a group in my electronics 
class who were interested in becoming licensed, and we even had a local 
amateur come to our classroom to talk about the hobby. However, after the dust 
had settled, only I seemed to have the motivation to become a hamQbut even 
that dwindled during the busy school times.

   Three more years went by. I graduated from high schoolQbut a month later 
injured my right hand (and yes, I was right-handed at the time) in a farm 
accident. The injury was severe enough that doctors amputated the hand. That 
didn't stop my desire to seek out a Technical College education in 
electronics, or an Amateur Radio license, however. I also had to once again 
learn to write, though now with the left hand.

   Later that fall, the local radio club was putting on a ham radio license 
class, and I signed up. I learned to send code left-handed, of course. After 
several weeks of study, I was ready to take the test. At that time, Novice 
tests were administered by one licensed amateur. I passed. After about six 
weeks, in late January 1979, amateur license KA9DLH arrived in my mailbox. The 
next two years would see me studying for school and ham license upgrades - and 
by September 1980, I had earned the Amateur Extra Class, and had changed my 
call sign during my earlier Advanced upgrade to KB9NM - (I recall making more 
than a half-dozen 375-mile round trips to St. Paul, Minnesota, to take my 
tests at the FCC office). One of my Technical College teachers (W9LOM, now a 
Silent Key) would proclaim to all his students that, if you were left-handed 
and a ham, you would pass his class.Well, I passed - but I couldn't tell that 
being left-handed or a ham gave me any advantage in his liberal arts class!

   During the next few years, while working in a nonrelated employment field, 
I looked for the job that could become a career. I applied at ARRL in 1985 and 
a few weeks later interviewed and took the position as the ARRL Repeater 
Directory editor. I subsequently met at the ARRL the woman who would become my 
wife and we are now raising a family including two girls. In 1989, I went on 
to become Manager of the ARRL Volunteer Examiner Coordinator (VEC),where I am 
today. Next year will mark my tenth year with the ARRL - it doesn't seem 
nearly that long, though ten years sure seems like a career!

                             by Bart Jahnke, KB9NM
                             Manager - ARRL Volunteer Examiner Coordinator


My NTS Family

   The NTS (National Traffic System) is the formal Amateur Radio volunteer 
system through which messages are passed from any one station within the US to 
some 25+ other countries with which the US has treaties. It is a 4-tiered 
system consisting of a (1) local level, (2) an ARRL-Section level, (3) a 
regional level and finally (4) the TRANSCON level, which is composed of only 
the most seasoned, proficient Amateur Radio operators able to pass messages 
between regions. 
 
   As in many areas of ham radio, those who handle traffic (or "messages" to 
other hams or the public) form a unique, close-knit family. These volunteers 
often meet on-the-air one or more times a day to relay messages they may have 
received on a net (short for "network" or on-the-air gathering of hams at a 
regular time and frequency), computer BBS or via the telephone from another 
amateur. Relaying messages is more than a satisfying public service. It's 
excellent training for those times when hams are needed for emergency 
communication. Strong bonds of friendship and reliance are natural among 
traffic handlers - still one can be as visible or low-key as personal 
preference allows. 
 
   My traffic net "family" today includes members with whom I learned traffic 
handling more than three decades ago - as well as possibly 100 newly licensed 
hams. As local net manager, I have a roster of 125 active stations including 
at least five stations who have checked-in for more than 30 years! 

   While ham radio in general allows one to travel without leaving your home, 
to meet and become friends with a complete cross section of the world's people 
and all walks of life, traffic handling seems to encourage long lasting 
special friendships. Often meeting on several different nets through the 
course of a week (or daily) and in "gab" sessions after the net, these friends 
come into a home via radio and become as much a part of daily life as we 
allow.

   Perhaps because of our daily contact we often find ourselves helping one 
another by using knowledge gained both in ham radio and beyond. Today someone 
who is deaf can, through the use of computers, join in Amateur Radio fun and 
public service. Those with visual or print handicaps have long been active 
hams and now make use of computer peripherals that can "speak" received screen 
text or read a written page via an optical scanner. One such woman, an avid, 
top-notch traffic handler not only holds the volunteer position of Section 
Traffic Manager but is also an ARRL Section Manager.
 
   Local traffic nets exist as the orginators or final destination points for 
messages from one station to another. One can participate by checking in, 
listening, and after friendly instruction for newcomers (and a little 
practice!) you'll get your turn to relay messages. Practice nets meet 
regularly for those who want to hone their skills and be ready in the event of 
an emergency. 
  
   Traffic handling is ideally suited to any ham, regardless of physical 
ability. Let me tell you about some friends I've known: As young adults, many 
in our net learned that our Net Manager, whom none of us had met, was moving 
to Arizona. Several of us who appreciated his nightly dedication to coaching 
us in the proper methods of handling traffic decided we would stop by and wish 
him well. 

   Among our group were two blind hams. After nightly contacts for a couple of 
years none of us had any idea that the gentleman we had come to visit was in a 
wheelchair with little use of his arms or legs except to move one elbow and 
two fingers. His head was strapped up and he had a personal attendant 24 hours 
a day. I will always remember the next minute. My blind friends wanted to 
shake his hand and, totally surprised and amazed, I suddenly felt awkward 
telling them he couldn't grasp their outstretched hands. All of us, as known 
through the medium of Amateur Radio enjoyed a common "ability." 

   Today, many of those young adults who he trained in the skills of 
communication and message handling are successful professionals including a 
substance abuse counselor, a professor of higher math/computer science, an 
operator of a variety store, an intake counselor for the IRS, administrative 
telecommunications engineers, sales engineer, photographer and even a doctor. 
Many in this group have one or more disabilities. Their love of ham radio and 
traffic handling is still a bond.

                             Larry Buck, K1HEJ
                             Connecticut Nutmeg Net Manager


INSTRUCTOR NOTES:

* The characteristic that makes operating traffic nets different from other 
facets of the hobby is the need to accurately record message traffic handled. 
Encourage your new traffic handler to listen to network operation and practice 
copying traffic using a method that is most comfortable and efficient. 

* Many operators on nets use tape recorders or word processors. 

* Those proficient in Braille enjoy writing in Braille; some use Braille 
displays connected to computers. 

* People who are visually or physically challenged are invited to read THE 
PUBLIC SERVICE COMMUNICATIONS MANUAL, an ARRL publication available from 
Recording For The Blind (see Section III)


The Burglar Alarm
A Phil and Pam Mystery 

Phil heard the beep as Pam connected to his packet-radio station. He was 
reading QST when the voice synthesizer on his packet terminal announced her 
call sign. 

"Hi Pam. What's new? How's the car?"

"Hi Phil. I just came in from the RSGB [Radio Society of Greater Brooklyn] 
meeting. Thought I might see you there."

"You might see me at a meeting but I guess I won't see you. HI HI."

"Very funny. Do you want to go to a meeting some time?"

"I'd like to go to a meeting, but it's hard for me to get around at night. I'm 
kind of isolated here. But the rent is cheap and I can have antennas. Maybe 
sometime I'll go."

"What did you do tonight?"

"I studied for a while. I'm having trouble keeping the philosophers straight 
in my mind. We have a test coming up. I was reading QST when you connected."

"The philosophers probably have trouble keeping themselves straight in their 
own minds. 

"How do you read QST?"

"The Library of Congress puts it on flexible disk. I have a subscription 
through the library I live near. I don't understand some of the articles but I 
like to read New Ham Companion."

"I like to read the DX column. I want to get my General license so I can work 
DX."

"Thought you couldn't have outside antennas."

"I can't. I'm going to get a rig in my car."

"Sounds like fun." Wish I could go out like that, Phil thought. A van picked 
him up and took him to school every day, then brought him back at night. His 
mother picked him up to go grocery shopping once a week.

"It's a dream come true, Phil. I never thought I'd be driving at all, let 
alone have my own car. Would you like a ride some night?"

Phil thought about Pam's offer. They were about the same age. Pam had a 
specially equipped car, that she could fully control with her hands, as she 
had lost the use of her legs. She probably wouldn't be put off by his 
blindness. Phil had been blinded when he was 14, and was still sensitive about 
it, although he tried to appear nonchalant by making jokes about it.

"Thanks. Maybe sometime. I better get back to the books. 73."

He waited for Pam's "73," then turned off the radios and got ready for bed. A 
few hours later, a shrieking burglar alarm woke him up. He reached over and 
smacked the top of his alarm clock. 

"The time is THREE .... AM." Phil slumped back on his pillow.

"Three AM and that burglar alarm is going again. I'll never get any sleep." He 
fumbled for the phone to call the police, but he already knew what they'd tell 
him. They'd call the factory owner, who'd eventually show up and check the 
place, and reset the alarm. The police wouldn't enter, as there was never any 
sign of forced entry. In Brooklyn, New York, the police have more to worry 
about than false burglar alarms. 

It was too late for anyone to be on packet, but Phil thought he might hear 
some shortwave broadcasts. He finally fell asleep again about 4:30 AM, 
listening to a report on advances in agriculture from somewhere in Europe.

A few nights later, Phil and Pam were connected on packet again.

"Hi Phil. How are you?"

"Okay. You?"

"I'm just fine. I took the car through a car wash for the first time tonight. 
It was neat. How was the test?"

"Okay, I guess."

"Did you finish reading QST?"

"Yes."

"What's up, Phil? You're awfully quiet tonight."

"Sorry, Pam. Can't get any sleep. Burglar alarm at the garment factory down 
the street goes off at 3 AM."

"Wow, that sounds serious. What do the police say?"

"They can't find any intruders. I have to wait for the owner to arrive and 
turn it off every night."

"Does it go off at the same time every night?"

"Yes. Right at 3 AM. I can't stand it."

"Is the factory also on Troutman Street? I'll drive by tonight and see if I 
notice anything."

"You want to be out at 3 AM?"

"Sure. Why not? It will be an adventure!"

So, a little after 2 AM, Pam got into her car and started north, across 
Brooklyn. Although Pam had been driven around Brooklyn, this was her longest 
solo trip, and her first visit ever to Ridgewood. Ridgewood is an interesting 
neighborhood. While Pam's Park Slope neighborhood is strictly residential, 
Ridgewood is a combination of houses, apartments and light industry, on the 
same block. It was a clear night, and as Pam turned onto Troutman Street, she 
could see the Manhattan skyline glimmering, not far away. She easily found the 
garment factory building, even though Phil hadn't described it to her. It 
covered half a block on Troutman Street. She pulled to the curb and parked, 
then rolled her window part way down. It was ten minutes to three, and Phil 
was waiting, this time on 2-meter FM.

"I'm parked right outside, Phil, but I don't hear or see anything. It's 
deserted."

"Be careful, Pam. If anything seems funny, drive away. Okay?"

"Okay, Phil. Don't worry about me. You know, this is the first time we've 
heard each other's voices. You sound nice."

"That's right." Phil blushed. "We've always talked on packet. Uh, you sound 
nice, too." 

Although they'd talked many times on packet, they still found things to talk 
about now, until, right at 3 AM, Pam heard a buzzing noise, coming from a 
window on the second floor of the factory. It was an alarm clock. A few 
seconds later, the burglar alarm went off, and drowned it out. But there was 
no doubt in Pam's mind.

"Gotcha!" she said. The burglar alarm was deafening, so she started her car 
and drove away, before calling Phil on the radio.

"I think I've solved the problem, Phil. Call the factory tomorrow and tell 
them to turn off the alarm clock near the second floor window. I guess they 
don't know it goes off at 3 AM. They must have a very sensitive burglar alarm. 
The alarm clock sets it off, but I can't imagine why they have an alarm 
clock!"

"That's great news, Pam! Thanks! I never would have figured it out without 
your help. Look, as long as we're both up anyway, let's go someplace and have 
an early breakfast. I'll treat."

"Great idea, Phil! I just pulled up in front of your house. Come on, let's 
go!"

"Okay! See you in a minute."

                             by Jim Kearman, KR1S



Finding Answers to Your Technical Questions

 Try This First...

   You can usually find the answer to your most common technical questions 
by looking in the ARRL Handbook for Radio Amateurs, the ARRL Antenna Book, or 
one of the myriad  books about Amateur Radio. In fact, if you call or write 
ARRL TIS staff, they may refer you to one of these books or to a past magazine 
article. However, it is usually easier, faster, and much more educational to 
look up the answer yourself.
   Check catalog listings to see what kinds of information are available in 
different books. A few good books will answer the vast majority of your 
questions as well as enhance your knowledge and enjoyment of this fascinating
hobby. 
   Magazines are also a superb technical reference. An annual index of 
articles appears in the December issue of QST and other magazines. By 
searching these indexes, you can usually find an article or two (or six) 
about the topic you are interested in. 
   If you don't have the room for a large collection of periodicals, try
asking folks at a local ham club, flea market or on the local repeater to see
if you can borrow the magazine you need. You may even find that several of
these local folks have experience with the same kind of problem you have 
encountered! If you would like a list of clubs in your state, send an SASE to 
ARRL HQ with a request for a "Local Club List".  
   The ARRL Field Organization also offers technical assistance! Each League
section has a Technical Coordinator (TC) and/or one or more Technical 
Specialists (TS). These volunteers can help with local technical questions, 
often offering personal advice about antennas, interference problems or other 
questions that are best answered in person. Your ARRL Section Manager, listed 
on page 8 of any recent QST, can refer you to your TC or local TS.
   If you have a question about the material in a book or magazine article, 
the author is usually the best person to contact. Write the author a friendly 
letter, asking your questions. (Always include an SASE!) Most authors will 
send you a prompt reply.  

How ARRL Headquarters Can Help... 

  The ARRL Technical Information Service (TIS) is a valuable benefit to 
membership in ARRL. TIS can help you find answers to difficult technical questions.
Our TIS staff is a  valuable source of information and research for questions 
that cannot be answered by the Technical Coordinator or an article author. TIS has 
information packages and bibliographies to answer many technical questions. 
These are available on request. If you want to know if something has been 
previously published on a particular subject, the TIS staff can also do 
research to help you locate this information. TIS can also help you locate a 
company that sells "widgets" or explain a technical point in person by phone 
or letter.
   The Technical Information Service can also supply photocopies of 
out-of-print QST or QEX articles or article construction "templates" (as 
mentioned in the text of an article). Contact the hard-working Technical 
Department Secretary for information or help with reprints and templates. 
However, if you would rather have a complete issue of QST, contact our 
Circulation Department to see if it is still available. 

                                                                  _____________by Michael Tracy, KC1SX
                                                                  ARRL Technical Information Coordinator


Designing the Perfect Station Layout

When I was bit by the ham bug several years ago (thanks to my late grandfather, W2CPY), I never thought I'd be writing this piece. Years before I got my ham license, I spent many happy hours in my grandfather's ham shack, and was impressed by how his station gear was laid out. My grandfather's station was entirely "home brew, "unlike many of today's stations.

Later on , when we lived in Levittown, PA, my first step to becoming a ham was Grampa's  effort to set me up with a good listening post, which included a Knight receiver and later, a Lafayette. I'd occasionally find myself sketching what my idea of the perfect "ham shack" would be. Years later, I realized my dream to become a ham and after some time in Massachusetts, I moved to Vermont. Still, I "redesigned" my fantasy station as my amateur radio privileges grew.  I determined a few general "basics" when planning a station:

1. Keep your personal budget in mind. Don't "borrow" unless you're positive you can quickly repay it.

2. Check out hamfests for reasonably priced gear useful to a new ham with a disability. Size of switches, dials, keypads and readouts is an important consideration.

3. Put all equipment within arms reach--as easily accessible, the better!

4. Buy one rig at a time to get your feet wet--a multimode transceiver being an excellent choice. You may want to complement it with a general coverage/ communications receiver.


                                                                                  by Hendrik "Mike" Gruteke, KA1LHC

THE ARRL AWARDS PROGRAM

     One of the most exciting facets of Amateur Radio operating is awards chasing.  It's a 
major motivating force of so many QSOs that occur on the bands day after day.  Indeed, 
it's a vital aspect that--if you want it--makes each and every radio contact a key element in 
your present or future Amateur Radio success.  So transform those QSOs into beautiful 
certificates or plaques for your ham-shack wall!

     Aside from the fun of operating itself, awards chasing is also a good way to get 
maximum performance from your station, become familiar with propagation, and even 
learn about the geography, history or culture of places near and far.  The League sponsors 
some of the more popular operating awards (if you are in the US and Possessions, Canada 
and Puerto Rico, you must be a full-fledged League member to participate), and the 
following is a brief summary of what ARRL has to offer.

RCC

     Novice, Technician or Extra--start off right, where just about every awards hunter 
begins, with the Rag Chewers Club certificate, which encourages friendly, meaningful 
contacts, rather than the impersonal hello-goodbye QSO.  "Chew the rag" for at least 1/2 
hour, and report that QSO to HQ, and enclose a 9 X 12 SASE.  Your Rag Chewers Club 
certificate will be sent to you by return mail.  Your first contact as a licensed amateur 
could earn your first award!

WAS

     The Worked-All-States award is just what it says:  Work and confirm all 50 states.  
Aside from the basic certificate for any combination of bands/modes, specialty certificates 
are issued for a variety of different bands and modes such as Satellite, 160-meters, SSTV, 
RTTY, each VHF band, and 75-meter 2-Letter Extra Class.  Available endorsements 
include SSB, CW, Novice, QRP, Packet, EME, and any single band except 30 meters.  
Cards are checked by a volunteer ARRL HF Awards Manager affiliated with ARRL 
Special Service Clubs (although QSL cards can be checked at HQ, absent an awards 
manager).  To encourage increased activity and station improvement throughout the 
bands, the 5-Band WAS certificate (and plaque) is available for working all states on 5 
amateur bands (except 10/18/24 Mhz).  Cards for 5BWAS can be checked by your local 
HF Awards Manager or at ARRL HQ.

DXCC

     The premier operating award in all of Amateur Radio is the DX Century Club.  The 
basic certificate (which can be obtained in several categories--mixed modes, phone, CW, 
RTTY, Satellite, 160, 80, 40, 10, 6 and 2 meters) is awarded for working and confirming 
at least 100 countries on the ARRL DXCC Countries List.  Endorsements are available in 
specific increments beyond the 100-country level, culminating in the coveted DXCC 
Honor Roll, for those at or near working them all!  DXCC qualifiers are also eligible for a 
DXCC lapel pin, available at a nominal charge.

     For those who enjoy the thrill of the hunt on more than one band, the 5-Band DXCC 
can be earned for working 100 countries on 80, 40, 20, 15 and 10-meter bands.  5BDXCC 
is a good test of the Dxer's operating abilities, but is well within the reach of all of those 
willing to work for it.  5BDXCC qualifiers receive a handsome certificate and are eligible 
for a very attractive plaque.  The 5BDXCC award is endorsable for the 160, 17, 12, 6 and 
2-meter bands.

VUCC

     The VHF/UHF Century Club is one of the League's newer awards, for working and 
confirming V/UHF contacts in 2  x 1  grid square locators on all V/U/SHF bands from 50 
Mhz to 300 Ghz.  Satellite and Laser contacts count, too.  Individual certificates are 
issued per band to those meeting initial qualifying levels, with an extensive endorsement 
program beyond the initial certificate.  All cards must be checked by ARRL VHF Awards 
Managers--contact HQ for the Awards Manager near you.  A VUCC lapel pin is available 
at a nominal charge.

A-1 OP

     Only the best operators can qualify for the A-1 Operator Club, amateurs who have 
met the highest operating standards (details on request).  But you can't apply; you must be 
recommended independently by two amateurs who already belong to the A-1 Operator 
Club.  Who knows?  Fine-tune your operating skills, and one of these days you may be 
pleasantly surprised when the mailman delivers an A-1 Operator Club certificate.

OTC

     The coveted Old Timers Club certificate can be yours if you have been licensed at 
least 20 years.  Drop a note to HQ with the date of your first license, and your call (both 
then and now), along with a 9 x 12 SASE.  HQ will verify this information, and send your 
OTC certificate promptly.

Extra Class Certificate

     For those of you who have learned and earned your way to the top, why hide the 
evidence in your wallet?  Send a photocopy of your license and a nominal fee of $3.00 for 
the ARRL Amateur Extra Class Radio Operator certificate.

ARRL Friendship Award

     The purpose of this award is to encourage friendly contact between radio amateurs 
(hams) and thereby discover new friends through personal communication with others.  
The ARRL Friendship Award is available to any ARRL member who submits log 
extracts that show two-way communications with 26 stations whose callsigns end with 
each of the 26 letters of the alphabet.  (For example: W4RA, KOORB, W3ABC...K1ZZ.)  
An SASE will bring you the rules and application form.

CP

     Evaluate your Morse code ability through the ARRL Code Proficiency program.  
Copy one of the W1AW's twice-monthly qualifying runs (sent at speeds from 10-40 WPM 
on virtually all bands--see W1AW schedule), and submit one minute of solid copy and an 
SASE to HQ (9 x 12 for certificate, small for endorsement).  Your submission will be 
checked directly against the official W1AW text, and if you pass, you'll get your initial 
Code Proficiency certificate.  From then on, endorsement stickers are issued for speeds up 
to 40 WPM.  Non-hams and hams alike are eligible for the Code Proficiency program.

WAC

     Sponsored by the International Amateur Radio Union (IARU), the Worked-All-
Continents award is issued for working and confirming all six continents (North America, 
South America, Oceania, Asia, Europe and Africa) on a variety of different bands and 
modes.  A 5-Band WAC certificate and a 6-Band sticker are also available.  For US 
amateurs, cards are checked at ARRL HQ.

Plaques

      Those who qualify for either 5BWAS and/or 5BDXCC are eligible for a
      handsome plaque.  Further information, including required fee, is included in
      the 5BWAS or 5BDXCC application materials.

     ARRL Membership Recognition.  Special plaques and pins are awarded for 
     those who have attained 50-and 60-year continuous or total membership in
     the ARRL (pins and certificates are awarded for 25- and 40 year membership).

NOTE: For WAS, DXCC, VUCC and WAC, official applications forms are required. 
Send your request with a business-size self-addressed stamped envelope (SASE) to

_____________________

SPECIAL REQUESTS
ARRL Headquarters
225 Main Street
Newington, CT 06111
_____________________

                                                                          _________by Eileen Sapko
                                                                          ARRL Awards Manager
                                                                          



Beware The Contest Bug -- It Can Bite You, Too!
 
 Amateur Radio contests are on-the-air events, held over specified time periods, 
with specific rules.  The rules for various contests are usually published in advance of each 
event.  (Check out the "Contest Corral" section of  ARRL's QST magazine for example.)  
For some who take part, the goal is to play by the rules and finish with a high score.  
Others join in to make a few contacts and have some fun.  You may not find anything in 
the rules about having fun -- but having a good time is exactly what Amateur Radio 
contesting means to me!  When I operate in a contest, enjoyment is my first consideration. 
Others may fret over such things as the number of contacts they make per hour, or a 
missed multiplier or two.  My score, however, is often tallied by the number of smiles per 
hour.  
    
Does this mean that I don't take contesting seriously?  Nothing could be further 
from the truth.  Whenever I'm involved in any type of competition, I positively, absolutely, 
hate to loose!  Sure, with enough land, equipment, and skill, I could build a super contest 
station that would allow me to make several hundred contacts per hour, set new world 
records, and win every time out... but I'm not that fortunate.  What is a competitive 
person to do?  I try to keep my own capabilities, and those of my station, in perspective. 
By doing so, I have found I can maintain both my sanity and some of my income!  It's 
important to find the level of participation you are comfortable with -- that way you can 
have some fun in a contest!


The casual contester
     
For many, participation in Amateur Radio contests is quite casual.  Some hear the 
flurry of contest activity and give out a few contacts to those who are seriously engaged in 
the event.  To the hams who chase countries (otherwise known as DXers), the activity in a 
world-wide contest is an opportunity to look for contacts with rare countries.  Many of 
these countries seem to be more "radio active" during major contests, thus offering a DX 
hunter the chance to "bag a rare one!"


How can I get started?
     
One way to find your own comfort level is to set a goal. Start with, say, making 25 
QSOs in a particular contest.  The next time out, try increasing your goal (try making 50 
contacts this time).  Most of all, don't spend a single second worrying about how others 
are doing!  

For the first few times, just compete against yourself.  Once you've gained some 
proficiency (and some confidence!), by taking part in a few events, you can try setting out 
in the pursuit of other contesters.  Try topping the score of one of the lower-scoring locals 
-- check the post-contest score listings published in the various Amateur Radio magazines, 
such as QST.  Copy some of the scores of the lower-scoring stations in your area and hang 
on to them.  At the next running of the same contest, post the scores at your operating 
position.  

During one contest I used these scores as benchmarks to see how I was doing.  
Before I knew it, I found myself having a great time crossing off the scores as I surpassed 
them one by one. "Hey!, I'm doing pretty good!"  It took a while, but hour after hour, I 
was able to gauge my progress.  A wide smile came with each new line drawn through the 
next score on my list.  Did I cross out all of them?  Nope -- not even close, but I had fun!  

As an added bonus, my contest efforts have helped me to identify station 
improvements that I'd like to make, and now I have some new goals... like a faster 
computer... and better antennas for 40 and 160 meters too!  As my abilities (and those of 
my station) increase, my confidence grows -- look out next time!!  


Other ways to join in

     When I began contesting I did it solo; just me and my radio -- going it alone 
with only the published contest rules as a guide.  Then I heard about something called a 
"multi-multi" contest station.  By asking some of the contesters who hang out on the local 
repeater, I found out that this term was used to describe a contest station that had 
multiple-transmitters with multiple operators, all at a single location.  Wow!  That sounds 
like a big time operation!  It wasn't long before some of the local contesters got tired of 
all my questions and invited me out to see for myself.  "How'd you like to come out and 
operate during the next contest?"  Were they kidding?  That was like asking a teenager if 
he'd like to drive a new Ferrari -- I could hardly wait!  

My next reaction was one of fear: what if I made a fool of myself?  I'd never been 
at the controls of a big station, especially one manned by several grizzled contest veterans!  
It turned out that I needn't have worried.  I found that these folks were very helpful; they 
were used to helping newcomers (like me) become acquainted with the operation of the 
multi-multi station. I also found out that it was great to be a part of a team effort!  We 
each had a hand in the operation of the station and in the resulting score.  It was neat to 
operate from a well-equipped station -- there's nothing like listening on, or transmitting 
with, large antenna arrays!  It was a joy to use the equipment and the team aspect (of 
contesting with a room full of other operators) made the experience all the more 
enjoyable.
     
	There is even a way for you to operate from your own station, yet still be part of a 
"team."  Some contests have special categories for "club competition." (The ARRL 
International DX Contest is one of these.)  If you join a regional contest club, you can 
participate as part of your club's effort.  For example, I belong to the Yankee Clipper 
Contest Club (YCCC), located here in New England.  As a member, I can participate in a 
contest from home, and after the contest, submit my score along with a notation that says it 
should apply to the YCCC's overall score.  My score will be added those submitted by other 
YCCC members (who took part in the contest).  Regional contest clubs encourage all of their 
members to submit a score -- to try to beat the other clubs entered in the contest.  So my score, 
no matter how small, will help the YCCC "team."  To find out if there is a regional contest 
club in your area, try to seek out the contesters who may frequent your local 2-meter repeater.  


Station Automation

     Thanks to the work of some contesters (who are also proficient software 
authors), there are several contest logging programs available. These programs take the 
place of a standard paper log by keeping track of all the details (such as time, date, and 
frequency) of each contact.  As you enter the call sign of each station you contact, the 
program keeps a running tally of your contest score.  What's really neat is that some 
software packages (along with the appropriate hardware), are capable of automating your 
station -- you can control many station operations via the keyboard of a personal 
computer.  Contest programs have become so functional that the average contester is 
actually at a disadvantage if he or she is not using one of them.  If your radio is set up for 
computer control, these programs can change things like the operating frequency and 
mode (including "split" operations) -- all via the keyboard of your PC.  Additional 
hardware options will allow you to use the keyboard to send (pre-programmed) Morse 
code messages, handle your antenna switching tasks and even point your antenna in the 
proper direction.  The integration of these programs into the average contest station has 
allowed many hams to operate their equipment with just a few keystrokes.  To find pricing 
and ordering information for these software packages, try checking the advertisements 
found in QST and in the National Contest Journal, (both published by the ARRL).


Give contesting a try

     Whatever your on-the-air interests are, I sincerely hope that you'll give 
contesting a try.  If you don't know the contest "exchange," (such as "59 Connecticut", 
etc.), listen to several exchanges and try to figure out the format.  If you're not sure of the 
exchange, most experienced contesters will be happy to take a moment to explain the 
information required during a particular event, especially on a Sunday afternoon -- when 
things are slow.  The next time you hear some of your fellow hams calling "CQ contest," 
give them a call.  After a few contacts, you just might find yourself having some fun!  I've 
been bitten by the contest bug, so beware -- it might bite you, too!



______by Glenn Swanson, KB1GW
Educational Programs Coordinator




The QSL Card--A Final Courtesy

  What is it about this little postcard--the QSL card--that is so special?  Just what is a QSL 
card?

  The "Q" signal in QSL, means: "Can you acknowledge my receipt?"  In ham-speak, when 
you want to indicate to a fellow ham that you understand, or acknowledge, what was just 
said (transmitted, etc.), you would say "QSL!"  When the ham hears this, he or she knows 
that you understand what was transmitted.

  QSL is more than just an abbreviation.  Amateurs use the QSL card as physical proof of 
an amateur radio contact.  Amateurs consider the QSL card the final courtesy of a radio 
contact.  A QSL card will show an amateur's callsign, as well as a mailing address.  There 
will also be a spot on the card to indicate all the information about a contact, or QSO 
(another "Q" signal).  The card may list various radio-related awards held by that amateur, 
or may even have a picture of the ham's shack.

  Some hams will have a picture of themselves or the family on the card.  QSLs can be 
funny, colorful and entertaining.  QSL cards from amateurs in African, Asian, and 
European countries can be quite interesting, for these cards may have photos that feature 
the culture, people, or countryside on them.

  It is for this reason that amateurs want to collect QSL cards.  Not only are they the final 
courtesy of a QSO, they may also tell a story about another ham, or that ham's country.  
What better way to demonstrate how  you contacted a foreign ham than with a foreign 
QSL card? 

  Amateurs often adorn their ham shack walls with QSLs. Each card symbolizes a unique 
contact with a ham in a far-off country, or just down the block.  An amateur's QSL card is 
a personal thing--in some cases, a distinct representation of that ham, or ham's radio 
shack!

  QSL cards are used for quite a number of amateur awards as well.  (The ARRL itself 
offers quite an impressive number of operating awards.)  For example, if you work an 
amateur in all fifty states (and receive a card from each ham), you can use those cards as 
proof of contact for the WAS, or, Worked All States, award.  If you work amateurs in one 
hundred or more different countries, you can use those cards for the DXCC, or DX 
Century Club, award.  (DX stands for Distant (or foreign) Country.  The Century part 
stands for one hundred.  Also, it is sort of a club!)
There are many other amateur radio clubs and radio societies that sponsor radio related 
awards.  Most of these awards require QSL cards as proof of radio contact.  Award 
chasing (as it is more commonly referred to), is one of the most popular, and fun, aspects 
of the radio hobby.  It is one thing to contact a fellow amateur; it is another to earn an 
award for that contact!

  Generally the quickest way to exchange QSL cards with foreign hams is to QSL direct to 
that ham.  It is not that easy however, when it comes to sending QSL cards direct to 
foreign amateurs.  Many foreign hams do not have their addresses printed in the Amateur 
Radio Callbook.  (The Callbook is similar to a telephone book in that it lists amateurs 
alphabetically by callsign (rather than last name), followed by their address.)  There is also 
the cost of postage to mail the card, plus the cost to receive a card back.  After a while, 
this can get rather expensive.

  Probably the best way to send (and receive) cards to and from overseas amateurs is to 
use the ARRL QSL Bureau System.  The cost is minimal, and you need not worry about 
looking up foreign addresses.  If you work a lot of DX, you may have often heard the 
expression "QSL via the Bureau."

  There are two parts to this Bureau system:  An Outgoing Service, and Incoming 
Bureaus.  We handle the Outgoing aspect of QSLing right here at ARRL HQ.  Members 
can send us their foreign outgoing QSL cards, at a cost of only $3.00 per pound of cards.  
(A pound is about 150 cards.)  Imagine if you had to find addresses for those 150 cards, 
plus pay the postage for each one!  

  The Outgoing QSL Service (as it is more commonly referred to) will sort Members' 
cards into mailing slots.  (These slots are very similar to US Post Office mail slots.)  Each 
slot is representative of a foreign country's QSL Bureau.  When cards fill the slots, the 
cards will be mailed to another central bureau in a foreign country.  From there, the cards 
will be distributed to the various foreign amateurs for which they are destined.

  The reverse happens in our own Incoming Bureaus.  Each amateur call district has a 
single Incoming QSL Bureau where foreign hams will send their QSL cards.  Each US 
Incoming QSL Bureau is known worldwide as serving the amateurs in that particular call 
area.  (For example, for amateurs in the first call area, the QSL Bureau is located in 
Springfield, Massachusetts.)  US Amateurs with the number one (1) in their callsign will 
supply this particular bureau with Self-Addressed-Stamped-Envelopes (SASEs) to claim 
any cards that are received for them.

  When foreign incoming cards are received, volunteer sorters working within the Bureau 
will sort cards, by callsign, into each amateur's SASE.  Once the SASE is filled with 
enough cards to match the postage, the SASE will be mailed to its recipient.

  Overall, QSLing through the ARRL QSL Bureau system is very inexpensive.  In many 
respects, it is nothing more than the cost of a few stamps.  There is however, a price to 
pay for it being inexpensive, and that is time.  While QSLing via the bureaus is cheap, it 
does take a number of months to receive cards through the Bureau.  In some cases, it may 
take up to eight to ten months just to receive a single card.  You should not however, 
allow this to discourage you from using the Bureau system. 

  For more information on how to use both the Outgoing QSL Service and the Incoming 
QSL Bureaus, just send an SASE to the ARRL QSL Service, 225 Main Street, 
Newington, CT., 06111.  This information is also available electronically from the ARRL 
InfoServer (info@arrl.org), as well as HIRAM, the ARRL BBS (203-594-0306).  

  So fire up that rig; make those foreign contacts; and send out those QSL cards!  

                                                                         __________by Joe Carcia, NJ1Q
				                          ARRL Outgoing QSL Bureau Manager	
											


                          


============================================
Section V: Your Thoughts Are Important to Us
============================================

Please use this form (or e-mail to Internet: mcarcia@arrl.org) to give us your 
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