
      LESSON 15:  OUTLINES, POETRY, HEADINGS, PAGE NUMB. AND MSMT ABBREVS

SECTION 1:  OUTLINES AND POETRY IN BRAILLE
Part I:  Information

1   Outlines

1.1  The main outline divisions should begin in cell 3 with each lesser  
subdivision being indented two cells to the right in turn thereafter.  All
runovers begin in cell 1, regardless of the subdivision indentation.

1.2  The divisions generally use the following numbering systems:
      I.  This is the main outline division (often I, II, III, IV)
          A.  This is would be the first subdivision (often A, B, C, D)
              1.  This would be the next subdivision (often 1, 2, 3, 4)
                  a.  Followed by this one (often a, b, c, d)
                      i.  And so on (often i, ii, iii, iv)

1.3  A letter sign is not necessary when a letter appears in the outline or
reference followed by a period, or enclosed in brackets or parentheses.

     EXAMPLE:   I.    The Plants
                      A.    Palms in the Parlor
                      B.    Ferns and Cycads:  Green Grow the Fossils all
                            Sparkling and New
                      C.    Grandmother's Classics Revisited
                            1.  The Ivy Leaved
                II.   ...And What to Do With Them

2    Poetry

2.1  DO the following:

1.  Begin each poetic line in cell 1, even if the print version is indented.
Any runover should begin in cell 3.

2.  Leave blank lines preceding and following each stanza.  When a stanza
ends on line 25 of a brailled page, leave a blank at the top of the next
brailled page, following a running head if one is used.

2.2  DO NOT do the following:
1.  Carry the runover of a poetic line to a new page.

2.  Separate the title (if any) and the first two complete poetic lines of
the first stanza of a poem.  If they will not all fit on the bottom of a
brailled page, carry everything over to the top of the next page.  For
subsequent stanzas, at least one complete poetic line must appear at the
bottom or top of a brailled page.

2.3  Numbered lines in poetry

1.  Braille should follow print text in the showing of numbered lines of
poetry.  Only those lines which are numbered in print should be indicated
in braille.  To do this, cells are reserved for the number indicator and no
text should appear in these cells whether or not a number is indicated on
that particular line.

2.  Numbered lines in poetry are brailled without the number sign and should
be placed at the right margin of the brailled line.

3.  Braille text must end at least two cells before the brailled number.
4.  To avoid confusion, no line of poetry should be placed on the same line
with a braille page number.

     EXAMPLE:       Leisure
          What is this life, if, full of care,
             We have no time to stand and stare,
                                                                 5
          No time to stand beneath the boughs
             And stare as long as sheep or cows.
          No time to see, when woods we pass,
             Where squirrels hide their nuts in grass.          10
          A poor life this if, full of care,
             We have no time to stand and stare.
                             W. H. Davies
         

This concludes the information section.  Press Esc when ready.

Part II:  Print to Braille Exercises
In the following lessons, you may find occasions when your response take
more than the three lines allotted by the program.  While you are encouraged 
to braille out the complete response, please be aware that you will receive
feedback on the first three lines only.  Press F1 to continue.
[1.]
I   Foods We Eat
     A.  Approximate Calorie and Protein Values in Average Servings

[2.]
IV  Beverages
     A.   Coffee
           1.  Drip Coffee or Cafe Filtre

[3.]
           The butterfly flies
       Past quiet childhood playgrounds.
            The wind softly sings.

[4.]
 Killed women, children, and defenceless men.       20
      
 But soon its venom was discharged, and it,

[5.]
             THE SEALS OF PENOBSCOT BAY

          hadn't heard of the atom bomb,
          so I shouted a warning to them.


Part III:  Braille to Print Exercises
[1.]
II  ANIMALS
    A.  Beginning Bird Study in the Primary Grades
    B.  Feathers as Clothing

[2.]
    B.  Feathers as Clothing
        1.  Parts of a feather
            (a)  The barbel



[3.]
                 The Road Not Taken
    
Two roads diverged in a yellow wood,


[4.]
     Like one in danger, cautious,              
       I offered him a crumb,
       And he unrolled his feathers                20

[5.]
A1.  They DO vs. They ARE DOING
A2.   How MUCH vs. How MANY
     A2a.   Discussion

Part IV:  Proof Reading Exercises
[1.]
         ANNABEL LEE

It was many and many a year ago
In a kingdom by the sea

[2.]
1.  Dancing Voices
     In the shadow of night
       like wind through trees

[3.]
I will not tell him the whereabouts of my friends
nor of my enemies either though he promise me much,
I will not map him a route to any man's door.


SECTION II:  BRAILLE HEADINGS
Part I:  Information

1   DO the Following

1.1  Place headings on the first line of a brailled page when no running head
is used.

1.2  Center complete headings, preceded and followed by a blank line.

1.3  Except for paragraph headings (see below), if it is not possible to
include at least one line of braille text at the end of a braille page
following a heading, carry the heading and accompanying text to a new
brailled page.

2   DO NOT do the Following

2.1  Leave a blank line between the new print page indicator (discussed
below) and a heading.

3   Major Headings
    These include such things as part, unit, and chapter titles.

3.1  These headings should be centered with at least three blank cells at the
beginning and end of each line.

3.2  Blank lines should precede and follow these headings EXCEPT

     (a)  place the heading on the first line of a brailled page when no
          running head is used; and

     (b)  do not leave a blank line following a new print page indicator.

3.3  If a heading consists of a number and title, both should be placed on
one line.

3.4  If brailling a single heading requires more than one line, write them on
consecutive brailled lines, each line centered.

     EXAMPLE:  
                              CHAPTER TWO
                           [CHOOSING A PUPPY]
     Now that you have given some thought to the qualities you are looking

4    Minor Headings
     These headings are often found scattered throughout the text.  In print
they may be centered or blocked to the right or left margins, and are 
usually preceded and followed by blank lines.

4.1  Begin all minor headings in cell 5 with runovers, if any, beginning in
the same cell of the next line.

4.2  Leave a blank line before but not following the minor heading EXCEPT

     (a)  the heading should begin on the first line of a braille page when
          no running head is used; and

     (b)  no blank line is required between the new print page indicator and
          the heading.

     EXAMPLE:  
                                  THE BREED

   The breed of the dog can give important indications regarding the size...


5.  Paragraph Headings

     This is a word or two, phrase, or even a sentence which is printed in
a different type than the regular text.  Paragraph headings are often found
in textbooks and may be placed at the left margin or indented, but are always
followed by text on the same line (spacing permitting).

5.1  When these headings are consistently printed in one style of type
throughout the text, they should be italicized in braille.

5.2  Begin these headings in cell 3 with runovers at the margin.  As in
print, the regular text should follow on the same braille line if space
permits.

5.3  Paragraph headings may begin on the last line or two of a brailled page,
regardless of whether or not there is space on the page for the regular text
which follows.

     EXAMPLE:  

THE INTELLIGENCES OF DOGS   The first question to be answered is whether or
not dogs can be thought of as thinking creatures...

This concludes this information section.  Press Esc to continue.
Part II:  Print to Braille Exercises
For the following exercises, although the computer will judge a mis-calcula-
tion of centering as an "error", we suggest you count spaces (there are 38
possible braille characters per line), and give it your best shot!
[1.]
                                INTRODUCTION

     How do you study the written Japanese characters known as Kanji?  If you

[2.]
6.  [VISUAL MNEMONIC].   The creation of the pictures to accompany the kanji

[3.]
HOW TO USE THIS BOOK

   This book has been organized to make optimal use of visual memory with the

[4.]
[ORIGINAL FORMS].  The development of kanji characters began in China in 

[5.]
   The above three types of kanji are fairly easy to remember.  The group of
kanji called [phono-ideographs], however, are more challenging.


Part III:  Braille to Print Exercises
[1.]
                    SECTION I:  MUSIC OF THE ORAL TRADITIONS

     This section is concerned with a review of the vast musical domain which

[2.]

            [Europe of the Renaissance and Reformation:  Historical Background]
     Whatever the political or economic realities of the situation, many

[3.]
[The guitar].  The guitar, the Spanish instrument par excellence, had an
immense vogue at the beginning

[4.]
In the meantime, [jazz] continues to grow.  In the 1960s there is no
film score free of

Part IV:  Proof Reading Exercises
3.  IMPROVISING  You will derive much pleasure and pride from being able to
design and make "s of your equipment at home.

SHELTERS: TARP TENTS  A tarpaulin or large

SECTION III:  PAGE NUMBERING
Part I:  Information

[**NOTE:  Because it is not possible to duplicate on a computer the number of
lines available to you on a hard-copy brailled page, it is recommended that
you approach this unit as a refresher only.  The best practice would be to
produce a document on a brailler where the counting of lines and spaces can
be done concretely.]

   Every brailled page must have a page number, except the title page which
is COUNTED in the braille numbering sequence, but not numbered in braille.

1.   Braille Page Numbers

1.1  The title page is counted as roman numeral i, though it is not brailled.

1.2  All succeeding pages up to the actual text are numbered consecutively in
lower case roman numerals.  This includes the dedication, contents, preface, 
forward, and introduction.

1.3  The first page of text in the first volume begins the arabic numbering
with number 1.  All succeeding pages are numbered consecutively throughout
all the volumes.
1.4  The page numbers are placed at the right margin of the first line of
each page.  Roman numerals should be preceded by the letter sign if in lower
case, and the capital sign if capitalized; arabic numerals should be prece-
ded by the number sign.

1.5  Although a running head, heading or text may be written on the same
line, no less than three blank cells must be left between the brailled text
and the page number.

1.6  To avoid problems, it is critical not to attempt to correct an error in
the brailling of a series of page numbers.  If a number has been repeated,
place the repetition sign (dots 5-6) immediately preceding the repeated num-
ber.

1.7  When the print text uses an entire page to indicate the heading, braille
text should be separated from the text by only a blank line, in order to make
as effective use as possible of space.

2    Print Page Numbers

     To assist braille-reading students, an indication of print page number-
ing is inserted at the point where a new print page begins.  This new print
page indicator is created by a line of dots 3-6 beginning at the left margin,
extending unbroken to the brailled print page number placed at the right hand
margin.

     EXAMPLE:
------------------------------------#22

2.1  When a print page ends on the last or the next-to-last line of the 
braille page, carry everything over to the top of the next brailled page.

2.2  If the new print page begins within a braille page, 
     (a) terminate the braille line with the last word or part of word on the
         print page, and
     (b) on the next line, create the new print page indicator described 
         above, without any spacing between the line and page number.

2.3  If a heading starts at the top of a print page which itself is within a
brailled page, place the heading on the line immediately below the new print
page indicator.

This concludes the information section.  There are no exercises for this
section, though the information will be visited in later sections.  Press Esc
to return to the Submenu, to move on to the next section.

Parts II, III, and IV:  Exercises

          There are no exercises for this unit.


SECTION IV:  MEASUREMENT ABBREVIATIONS
Part I:  Information

1.  With simple abbreviations preceding or following a number or letter,
follow the print order, spelling, capitalization, punctuation, spacing, and
use of periods.

     EXAMPLES:    10 ft.               33 1/3 r.p.m.

2.  When the abbreviation is unspaced from the previous number or letter,
insert a letter sign (dots 5-6) before the abbreviation.

     EXAMPLE:     25cm                 18hrs, 10mins

3.  Some common abbreviations are listed below.
              5 ft.            #e ft4
              6 in.            #f in4
              ch. 10           *4 #aj
              22 sq. ft.       #bb s]4 ft4
              Sec. 6           sec4 #f
              5# or 5 lbs      #e lbs
              45 r.p.m.        #de r4p4m4
              2 hrs.           #b hrs4
              25 min.          #be m94
              30 yds.          #cj yds4
              3 qts.           #c qts4
              40 MHz           #dj ,m,hz

4.  Print Symbols.  There are four print symbols which have braille equival-
ents, of which we typically use two.  These are $ (2-5-6), and [cents]
(4, 1-4).  These are placed as they are found in print:

     EXAMPLES:
                 $42               4#db
                 15c               #ae@c
                 $19.95            4#ai.ie

5.  When the $ stands alone, insert the dot 4 (the print symbol indicator).
Also, when it is written in conjuction with a word or abbreviation.

      EXAMPLES:
                 10 $US            #aj @4,,us
                 The $ fell 42c    ,! @4 fell #db;c

6.  A list of braille equivalents for print symbols is under development, as 
of October 1991 addendum to the 1972 revisions of the braille code by the 
Braille Authority of North America.  In the interim, precede the symbols
% (percent) and " (inches) by dot 4.  

      EXAMPLES:
           25%               12"             14%            60"

7.  When the braille equivalent of a print symbol is composed of letter(s)
and immediately follows the number or letter without a space, insert a letter
sign.

       EXAMPLES:
     18<deg> [symbol]      S5 [section]          35mins

This concludes the information section on measurement abbreviations.  When
you're ready, press Esc to return to the Submenu.

Part II:  Print to Braille Exercises
1.  At the store Gamal purchased 1/2 gal. of milk, 1 qt. light cream, 2 bu.
    of strawberries and 1 lb. of bananas.
2.  The runner was pleased to be the first one across the finish line at 3
    hrs., 45 mins., 29 secs.
3.  The mobility students anxiously watched the thermometer knowing their
    lessons would only be cancelled if the temperature was below 15<deg> F.
4.  "I don't know what to do with my 45 r.p.m. records now that I have a new
    CD player," she complained.
5.  The new office building is going to provide an additional 1,000 sq. ft.
    of space.

Part III:  Braille to Print Exercises
1.  "Touchdown!" they shouted.  "They must have gained a good 5 yds. with
    that pass!"
2.  "How much do you suppose 5 lbs. of carrots would cost?" asked Bridgett.
3.  The clock was ticking away:  only 2 hrs. and 29 mins. for the heroine to find 
    the hidden bomb.
4.  Temperatures in the desert are known to reach over 120 deg. F.
5.  You can hardly find anything that will play the old 78 r.p.m. records
    anymore.

Part IV:  Proof Reading Exercises
1.  As she took stock of all her work, she found that she had canned 12 qts. and 
    7 pts. of cherries.
2.  Rikki was growing like a weed!  She'd already reached 4 ft, 7 in!


SECTION VII:  SELF-TEST
Part I:  Information

                     Success is a journey,
                             not a destination.
                                     Ben Sweetland
                 "Veels geluk!"  

Part II:  Print to Braille Exercises
[1.]
   INITIAL CONTACTS AND FORMATION OF THE PUEBLO:  CONGREGATION IN SACAPULAS

[2.]
   MILITARY CONQUEST

     It is unclear what role the various groups that later formed Sacapulas
played in the drama of

[3.]
          At sixteen you departed,
                You went into far Ku-to-yen, by the river of swirling eddies,
           And you have been gone five months.

[4.]
Martha called and asked if Joe'd pick up 1 bu of apples and 5 lbs of
potatos at the village market.

[5.]
[**this is the beginning of print page #52, the middle of a braille page**]
                                                    BUILDING READINESS SKILLS
     For preschool children, reading, writing, and the

[6.]
Irya had just not realized how cold 50 deg. F. felt after a hot desert day.
[7.]
MISSIONARY ACTIVITY

     The Sacapultecos seem to have been left alone by the Spaniards at the

[8.]
ServiceMaster is having a special on cleaning carpets:  $19.95 for 10 sq.
yds.  What do you think?


Part III:  Braille to Print Exercises
[1.]
                   WHEN I WAS ONE-AND-TWENTY

                 When I was one-and-twenty
                     I heard a wise man say,


[2.]
                 CAUSES OF DEFECTIVE VISION

   Preceding chapters have outlined the inadequacy of the old methods of
treating vision and the causes of 

[3.]
Her husband-to-be is 6 ft. 2 in. tall and comes from Canada.

[4.]
We learned in math class that 212<deg> F. is equal to 100<deg> C.

[5.]
The new baby, born April 27, weighed in at 8 lbs. 6 oz.


Part IV:  Proof Reading Exercises
[1.]
[PACKAGING AND SELLING]  In the world of cosmetics, expensive, beautifully
packaged products have a certain mystique of effectiveness and "magic"
ingredients.

[2.]
The DJ timed the new song at 4 mins, 35 secs.