
          LESSON 7:  PART-WORD PREFIX CONTRACTIONS (be com, con, dis)
                    PUNCTUATION AND THE DOUBLE CAPITAL SIGN

SECTION I:  PART-WORD PREFIX CONTRACTIONS (be, com, con, dis)
Part 1:  Information

        be (2-3)         com (3-6)        con (2-5)       dis (2-5-6)

1.  The (be, con and dis) contractions SHOULD be used:

1.1 only when they make up a complete syllable at the beginning of a word or
    when they begin a new line in a divided word and are not the last syllable
    of that divided word.

    EXAMPLES:    disturb          begin          conclude

               undisturbed               inconclusive

NOTE:  Remember the rule regarding two or more lower signs following one
       another only when one of these signs is in contact with a character
       containing an upper-cell dot.  For example, if a word such as "contact"
       was divided after the letters (con), the lower sign for (con) could not
       be used when followed by a hyphen since neither sign would be in con-
       contact with an upper-cell dot.

1.2 After a hyphen in a compound word, but not in contact with a hyphen in a
    syllabized word.

    EXAMPLES:    self-confident               dis-ad-van-tage

1.3 When they follow the apostrophe, but never when they occur before the 
    apostrophe.

    EXAMPLES:    O'Connor                 be'n

1.4 In the abbreviation of any word in which the contraction would ordinarily
    be used.  If these contractions would not ordinarily be used in the whole 
    word, then they should not be used in the abbreviation.  If the contrac-
    tion comprises the entire abbreviation, it should not be used since this
    would result in two lower signs following one another without contact with
    upper-cell dots or without an intervening space.

    EXAMPLE:     Con.                    Consolidated

1.5 The (con) contraction is a part-word contraction and should not be used
    to represent the word "con" as in pro and con.

2.  The (com) contraction should be used:

2.1 Wherever it occurs at the beginning of a word or at the beginning of a 
    new line in a divided word.  It does not have to constitute a complete 
    syllable.

    EXAMPLES:   comma           comedy             comin'

2.2 But NEVER use (com) in contact with a hyphen, dash, or apostrophe.  Use
    with a hyphen would give the appearance of a dash.

    EXAMPLE:    self-command                com'ere


     This concludes the information section for Part-Word Contractions be,
com, con, dis.  When you are ready, press Esc to return to the Submenu and
begin the practice exercises.


Part II:  Print to Braille Exercises
1.  You may think that it was only a commonplace book, but the old album
    held a lot of family memories.
2.  He is better off without that clunky old car, even if he can only use
    the bus system now.
3.  The high school biology class set out looking for every kind of conifer-
    ous tree living in the forest preserve.
4.  Bring the computer disk home so you can practice braille at home.
5.  If you can't give any constructive advice, then saying nothing at all
    might be best.
6.  It would be an extreme conflict of interest if the Governor's daughter
    took the job at his major campaign contributor's company.
7.  He is a better person than most, as he donates fifty percent of his
    profits for the benefit of others.
8.  Herbert disagreed profusely with the article's claim that consuming an
    egg on a daily basis would put more hair on a person's chest.
9.  Since this detergent is full of disodium phosphate we are prohibited
    from dispensing it in our septic tanks or wells.
10. Even though Alan could scan across a textbook page quite fast, he could
    not comprehend the data contained within.
11. We all went expecting that the movie was a comedy, but after we pur-
    chased our tickets we discovered it was a love story.
12. Connie's parents warned her that if she did not get her chores comple-
    ted consistently they would disconnect the cable T.V.
13. Ornithologists have conducted studies on condors in the wild that have
    helped captive condors survive once set free.
14. Being the extremely considerate person that Maxine is, she made chicken
    noodle soup for her sick neighbor.
15. It takes a considerable degree of strength and skill when competing in
    the discus.

Part III:  Braille to Print Exercises
1.  Connie quickly became disenchanted with her new job when she discovered
    she was merely a gopher.
2.  The Dist. of Columbia is composed entirely of Washington, our capital.
3.  He declared the game winner, but it was more complicated than he expect-
    ed.
4.  The little girl with the disheveled hair approached the policeman and
    requested help.
5.  Mark will pay a considerable price for a 1963 Corvette in perfect shape.
6.  He stared at me in disbelief as I reeled in the largest muskie and won
    the contest.
7.  Am I correct in thinking that connoisseur is syllabified as con-nois-
    seur?
8.  Comdg. Officer O'Connell saluted all 250 service men and women as they
    marched past the spectator's stand.
9.  The boy's parents displayed a great degree of self-control as he poured
    his cup of milk onto his plate.
10. I hope you won't be dismayed if it becomes necessary that we change our
    travel plans.
11. If you all score A's on this last test maybe I won't make you take the
    comprehensive final exam.
12. I get lost so easily that my friends tell me that I could not find my
    way out of bed even if I used a compass.
13. Aunt Felicia is so self-conscious about her smile that she covers her
    mouth when she laughs.
14. Being a contact wearer, I could not even imagine wearing glasses a-
    gain.
15. The writings and practices of Mahatma Gandhi were familiar for influ-
    encing Dr. Martin Luther King's beliefs on civil disorder.

Part IV:  Proof Reading Exercises
1.  I hope you drop in while my begonias are in full bloom.
2.  The United States is contiguous with Canada.
3.  Jason displayed very good behavior at the concert.
4.  He purchased a comb at the store, which confused us all since he has no hair.
5.  The concert was so unbelievably boring that I fell asleep almost immediately.


SECTION II:  PUNCTUATION:  EXCLAMATION POINT, QUOTATION MARKS, OBLIQUE STROKE,
                           and FULLY CAPITALIZED WORDS

Part I:  Information
1.  Exclamation Point

                        !  (2-3-5)

1.1 The order and spacing of the braille exclamation point should follow the 
order and spacing shown in print.  As with the period, only one space should
follow the braille exclamation point.

NOTE:  The use of the full cell (dots 1-6) is only to offer a frame of
       reference for the braille exclamation mark AND for the following 
       punctuation marks.  The full cell it is not a part of the symbols.

2.  Quotation Marks

   Opening single quotation mark         Closing single quotation mark
          ' (6, 2-3-6)                            ' (3-5-6, 3)

   Opening double quotation mark         Closing double quotation mark
            " (2-3-6)                               " (3-5-6)

2.1 The order and spacing of the braille quotation marks should follow
the same order and spacing of the print quotation marks.  Only one space
should follow the braille quotation marks.

2.2 When the print passage contains two or more paragraphs in quotation
marks, the opening quotation mark should be place at the beginning of each
paragraph contained in the quoted material.  The closing quotation mark
should appear only at the end of the last paragraph.  This format does not
apply to passages of conversation, where each separate speech is enclosed in
quotation marks and set apart in separate paragraphs.

3. Oblique Stroke - the slash

                                  / (3-4)

3.1 When the oblique stroke is used in print abbreviations, it should be
represented in braille by dots 3-4.  This braille sign should be used wher-
ever it appears in print except in dates, separation of poetic lines, or
sterling coinage.  When the oblique stroke separates capitalized abbrevi-
ations or words, the single or double capital sign should be repeated after
the oblique stroke.

    EXAMPLE:      c/o            and/or             AFL/CIO

                  JSW/kc (initials at end of a letter)
                
3.2 When the oblique stroke is used in print to separate date components,
the braille hyphen should be used instead of the oblique stroke, with only
one number sign preceding the entire date.  When print uses roman numerals
in a date, the braille copy should substitute with arabic numerals and
again substitute a hyphen with the oblique stroke.

    EXAMPLE:     5/17/89  or  5-17-89  or  17 V 89


3.3 When the oblique stroke is used to separate poetic lines, dots 3-4-5
should be used, preceded and followed by a blank space.  Two consecutive such
symbols should be placed at the end of the poem.

4. Fully Capitalized Words, reprised - Double Capital Sign (dot 6, and 6)

4.1 To indicate that an entire word is capitalized, the braille double
capital sign should be used (a dot 6 placed in TWO consecutive cells immed-
iately preceding the word to which it applies).

4.2 When a word is a mixture of upper- and lower-case letters, a combin-
ation of single capital and double capital signs will be used.  The words A,
I, and O require only the single capital sign when they appear in a passage
written in full capitals.

    EXAMPLES:        MacDaniel               EVITA

                    MY FAIRLADY          O HOLY NIGHT

4.3 A double capital sign placed before a compound word indicates that all
letters of the word are capitals.  Therefore, the double capital sign should
not be repeated after the hyphen.  For the same reason, the double capital
sign should not be repeated where a portion of any fully capitalized word
is carried over to a new line.

This concludes the information on Punctuation and the Double Capital Sign.
When you are ready, press Esc to return to the Submenu and the exercises.27

Part II:  Print to Braille Exercises
1.  My human behavior classes are very loosely structured so that a student
    can feel comfortable expressing his/her opinion.
2.  "Com'ere and help dry the dishes, and then you can go out with friends,"
    demanded Cindy's mom.
3.  After finishing Hemingway's FOR WHOM THE BELL TOLLS I became very inter-
    ested in Spanish history.
4.  For the dinner tonight we'll need a few more things from the grocery
    store:  fresh vegetables for a salad, dessert, wine and/or champagne.
5.  My roommate, the master brewer, hung a sign advertizing:  "FREE SAMPLES
    of Mr. Pippins Back Porch Brew."
6.  Within the hour Comdg. Officer McMackin will answer any concerns over
    the recent incident of `friendly fire'.
7.  A Cubs game just wouldn't be the same without Harry shouting "Holy Cow!"
    every now and then.
8.  The final seconds decided the outcome of the BYU and UCLA game, with a
    55 yard field goal attempt.
9.  "I WON!  I WON!" declared the hysterical waitress after discovering she
    held the winning ticket of the state lottery.
10. He is planning the grand opening of his new restaurant for 6/1/95, so
    be sure and mark that date on the calender.
11. Beatrice yelled for her brother, "Come and dry the dishes while I wash
    them!"
12. Mail the gift tomorrow c/o Tamara, my sister-in-law.
13. "Watch out!" warned Cletus, "That iron is hot."
14. Vera dislikes Comdg. Officer Boyd Loptein after the incident concerning
    the so-called 'rain check'.
15. "BEWARE THE IDES OF MARCH," admonished Professor Czernik during Shakes-
    peare class.

Part III:  Braille to Print Exercises
1.  "Come Back!" she cried bitterly as her favorite parrot flew out the open
    window.
2.  THE KING AND I, a very impressive musical, later became a great Holly-
    wood movie.
3.  When discussing gender issues, it is important that we always state
    "he/she" when talking about individuals.
4.  "Alfred, I don't believe you would take the class's Halloween candy and
    consume it all," surmised Mrs. Roberts, the grade school principal.
5.  Contredanse (con-tre-danse) is a folk hoedown in which couples face each
    other in two lines or in a square.
6.  "Listen closely as I will not say it again!" he cried, "I shall not eat
    a green egg with ham!"
7.  Fluoresent light bulbs and a well insulated house are intelligent ways
    of conserving energy.
8.  After playing, or even relaxing in the hot sun, having a cool drink can
    be quite refreshing.
9.  The students living in the dormitories at Conn. State College conducted
    a student survey concerning the variety of cafeteria food.
10. "Sir, the cause of the crash can be explained," the auto mechanic re-
    plied, "Just look at the worn disk brakes on this car!"
11. Although Carla enjoyed her ride on the train, she was a little disap-
    pointed that the conductor did not shout out, "ALL ABOARD!"
12. The sign requested that visitors sign in/out if they were attending
    the entire show.
13. My own brother-in-law would not take an IOU from me for a crummy 5
    dollars.
14. "If you attend Bizet's 'Carmen', be sure you tell me all the details
    as that is my favorite opera," requested Reuel.
15. Sgt. O'Riely commands the harshest brigade this side of the mighty Ol'
    Mississip.

Part IV:  Proof Reading Exercises
1.  After seeding his lawn, Mr. Murphey posted a sign warning, 'STAY OFF THE   
    GRASS!'
2.  I would not call her sloppy if I were you, that would be like the pot calling 
    the kettle black.
3.  It was Davad Farragut who, during the Civil War, shouted, "D--n the        
    torpedoes!"

SECTION VII:  SELF TEST EXERCISES
Part I:  Information

           Luck is what happens when preparation meets opportunity.
                                          Elmer Letterman

Part II:  Print to Braille Exercises
1.  Mike O'Conner was a detective on TV who was always getting knocked out
    from blows on the back of his skull.
2.  Send the package out in the morning with this delivery label:  Paul Com-
    stock, c/o Hadley School Dist., 555 Bennington Rd.
3.  On 5/11/94, the Cornwallis family reunion will take place in Brazos,
    Texas.
4.  The man shouted at the town council, "I do not support the agenda!  I
    DIS-A-GREE with the entire plan!"
5.  The two brothers disagreed on who would run the inherited company, and
    as a result decided they would sell it.
6.  Psychologist William James wrote:  `If you want more courage, act as if
    you already were that way, and it will likely be manifested.'
7.  Jonathan Swift wrote GULLIVER'S TRAVELS as a satire concerning contempo-
    rary historical events of his era.
8.  The base general assigned the 2nd Lieut. command of the squad after the
    humiliating loss in the company contest.
9.  Kurt loved disco intensely but became quite a fan of classical music
    after he met lovely Monique.
10. "Jenny's hair is a mess!  Can you help me comb, and then french braid
    it?"
11. We all went expecting that the movie was a comedy, but only after we
    purchased the tickets did we belatedly discover it was a love story.
12. Beatrice yelled for her brother, "Come and dry the dishes while I wash
    them!"
13. Connie's parents warned her that if she didn't get her chores completed
    consistently, they would disconnect the cable T.V.
14. An unorthodox manner of curing insomnia is having a glass or two of wine
    and then immediately lying down in bed.
15. Ornithologists have conducted studies on condors in the wild that have
    helped captive condors survive once set free.

Part II:  Proof Reading Exercises
1.  After a week of intense debate on labor laws, the sub-committee decided
    that an arbitrator might bring both sides closer together.
2.  Sister Mary firmly believed in obedient pupils, so any misconduct or
    belligerent behavior was met with quick and just discipline.
3.  I was shocked after being told that Benedict Arnold MAY be a distant
    relative.
4.  I don't consider it any concern of the state that I prefer driving with-
    out my safety belt fastened.
5.  The constant ticking of the clock only caused the ill-prepared student
    more stress, for he wasn't sure if he would finish the exam.
6.  "The COMMA is the most improperly used grammatical sign in written Eng-
    lish," orated the professor.
7.  Our first date was going just fine until her lack of table manners was
    so unbecoming that it ruined my entire evening.
8.  Dismayed with his bi-annual progress report, the disgruntled employee
    filed charges claiming he was discriminated toward.
9.  "Spell dis-com-bob-u-late Sam," requested Mrs. Anderson during the
    spelling bee.
10. "After baby sittin' the five grandkids I ain't sure if I be comin' or
    goin'!" declared Granny.
11. Being the extremely considerate person that Kay is, she made chicken
    noodle soup for her sick neighbor.
12. Mail the gift tomorrow c/o Jessica, my sister-in-law.
13. "WATCH OUT!" warned Mel, "The stove is hot."
14. Vera dislikes Comdg. Officer Joe Taylor after the incident concerning
    the "rain check".
15. "BEWARE THE IDES OF MARCH," admonished Professor Tweet during Shake-
    speare class.

Part IV:  Proof Reading Exercises
1.  The note from Santa Claus was dated 12-11-87 but did not arrive until the  
    30th.
2.  The soldiers were dressed for combat, but it was only a rehearsal.
3.  It is common knowledge that all the campaign funds were being channeled for 
    inappropriate use.
4.  Do not make contact with the man until our agent describes the secret code.
5.  "A person communicating his or her desire is considered impolite until he/she 
    is asked," stated mrs. House.
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