
     LESSON 4:  PART-WORD/WHOLE WORD, SHORT FORM WORDS AND ORDINAL NUMBERS

SECTION 1: PART-WORD SIGNS AND WHOLE-WORD EQUIVALENTS FOR CH, ST, SH, TH, WH, OU
Part I:  Information

 ch (1-6)   st (3-6)   sh (1-4-6)   th (1-4-5-6)   wh (1-5-6)   ou (1-2-5-6)


1.  Part-Word Signs

1.1 These signs SHOULD be used:

1   as part-word contractions whenever the letters that they represent appear
    in the initial, middle, or final positions within a word.

    EXAMPLES:  shade     filth      whale      proud      shed      house

               chair     Chicago    stale      pistol     choose    step

2   The sign for (st) should be used to represent the words for street and 
    saint when these words have been abbreviated in print.  When print uses
    abbreviations without a period, the letters should be spelled out and the
    whole-word contractions should not be used.  If the print copy does not
    use the abbreviations, the words must be spelled out in braille also.
   
    EXAMPLE:     St. James St             Holly Street

These signs SHOULD NOT be used:
1   when the letters of the contraction are divided between a prefix and the
    root word.

    EXAMPLES:     mishap           mistake             prounion   

2   when the letters of the contraction are divided between components of a 
    compound word.

    EXAMPLES:     porthole             rawhide            hothouse 


2.  Whole-Word Signs:

       child      still      shall      this      which      out

2.1 These signs SHOULD be used: 

1   as the whole-word signs when in contact with punctuation (e.g. hyphen,
    period, parentheses, etc.) and composition signs (e.g. capital sign) with
    the exception of the apostrophe.  (See 2.2 below.)

2   when joined to other words by a hyphen to form hyphenated compound words.
    These hyphenated words may be divided between lines.

    EXAMPLES:     child-like       out-take         still-shot

3   to represent proper names, such as Still College.

4   the sign for (th) should be used where the print copy uses th' for the, 
    as in "Where should this music be?  i' th' air or th' earth?"

2.2 These whole-word signs SHOULD NOT be used:

1   when in contact with the apostrophe, with the exception of the dots 1-6 
    followed by the apostrophe to form child's, and dots 3-4 followed by the 
    apostrophe to form still's.

2   when joined to other letters to form parts of words.  

    EXAMPLE:   grandchild            outlaw

3   to form parts of words that are divided at the end of a line, if that 
    word is not a hyphenated compound word.

    EXAMPLES:      (st)ep-        (ou)t-
              (ch)ild        h(ou)se

This concludes the information on Part-word and Whole-word Signs for ch, st,
sh, th, wh, ou.  When you are ready to begin, press Esc to return to the
Submenu to begin the practice exercises.


Part II:  Print to Braille Exercises
1.  After the child threw a tantrum, he sat quite still as he ate the rest
    of the food.
2.  If you make a mistake on the test do not stop and correct it, simply go
    on.
3.  I hope Mr. Stillwell does not mishandle the next trial, but after the
    debacle last month I have my doubts.
4.  This afternoon I will visit St. George Cathedral and see the icon that
    weeps.
5.  They expect the new baby on 29 July.
6.  Candice made a mistake on this hourly report.
7.  The Still House has a curious history of strange noises that keep people
    away.
8.  Which band plays the old tune that Yoki always whistles?
9.  She shall use coupons with every store visit.
10. Almost every child shall go outside for recess.
11. From out of the blue Mrs. Andrews blurts out that she is pregnant.
12. Whether you agree with Uncle Sam or not, you still pay taxes every April.
13. My smallest grandchild loves the story of Casey At Bat.
14. The hurricane came up from the southwest, and blew across the shores
    very fast.
15. Get off of my land or I shall call the police!

III  BRAILLE TO PRINT EXERCISES
1.  I rather like the shellfish at the Stillman Valley Restaurant.  Do
    you like it also?
2.  As the lake is not deep at this locale, I expect you will use the
    sloop?
3.  I shall try and not talk only of childhood memories at my family reunion.
4.  Put the old rusty Chevy on the north side of the house and out-of-the-
    way from view.
5.  Which way did the crook go after he stole all the gold dust from the old
    man?
6.  Gracie left for the movies without George as he still did not act very
    apologetic after the feud.
7.  The childish act he did proves that you can not trust Stanley anymore.
8.  The judges kept a record of which girl wore the most outlandish outfit
    at the 1993 Corn Festival.
9.  Every school survey says the child is shy and an outcast, but the staff
    does not fathom what steps it will take.
10. The outcrop of rock stood out with a white color above the black dirt
    forest floor.
11. Why do you still go outside without a jacket?
12. If you stand still for a few seconds I can put a bandage on that cut.
13. Which hat is more stylish, the Stetson or my Panama?
14. This Christmas I hope we can have the whole family make it home.
15. Will you go outside while I make this important call?

IV  PROOF READING EXERCISES
1.  The grouchy old man chases the mischievious boys out of the street.
2.  Which grandchild is already hungry for another piece of home-made apple pie.
3.  She has no knowledge about the illegal activities of the prounion forces.
4.  Esther already wrote out all of the lesson plans for statistics class next 
     week.
5.  Which movie shall we go see:  Out of Africa or Thelma and Louise?

SECTION TWO:  SHORT-FORM WORDS AND ORDINAL NUMBERS
Part I:  Information Section

          blind        braille        could         would
          bl           brl            cd            wd

          good         paid           said
          gd           pd             sd

SHORT FORM WORDS

1.  Review of Rules For Short-Form Words

1.1  These signs SHOULD be used:

1   as complete words or as parts of words.

2   as parts of words as long as it does not result in incorrect spelling.

3   as part of a word only if the short-form word retains its original
    meaning.

4   as whole proper names only (not part of a proper name).

5   when they appear in names of books, articles, chapters, publisher's names,
    etc.

6   for after, blind, friend when followed by a consonant or hyphen in a di-
    vided word.

1.2 These signs SHOULD NOT be used:

1   as parts of proper names.

2   for after, blind, friend when a suffix is added that begins with a vowel 
    (e.g. blinded, befriended), because usage may result in the formation of
    of a new word and confuse the reader.

ORDINAL NUMBERS

1.  The contractions for th and st shoud be used when writing ordinal numbers
such as 1st and 4th.  

    EXAMPLES:  1st         7th          21st          100th

2.  In print, the second and third ordinal numbers are often written with the
endings nd and rd added to the numbers 2 and 3.  Occasionally, they are also 
written by adding only the letter d to the number.  In these cases, the 
letter n or r should be inserted in the braille transcripton so that it 
always reads 2nd and 3rd.

    EXAMPLE:    2nd         3rd          2d          3d 

This concludes the information on Short Form Words and Ordinal Numbers.  When
you are ready, press Esc return to the Submenu to begin the Practice
Exercises.


Part II: Print to Braille Exercises
1.  Uncle Richie said he would brew a 3d batch of whiskey on the new still.
2.  Altogether the stout old man paid a lot for just a few 2nd hand toys for
    the child.
3.  The mistake could cost the store almost two thousand bucks.
4.  I could demand that you transcribe this story for our braille patrons.
5.  She told a good story about the woman who still wore a beehive hair-do.
6.  I could not take home my blind pony until after I paid the hospital
    bill.
7.  The breeze blew my notes every-which-way across 4th Street.
8.  It would take a big effort for a union, as this is the 2nd attempt at a
    mutual friendship for both groups.
9.  On the 5th of June, they expect good news from the dog guide school for 
    the blind.
10. Mr. Whitney said he lives at 3546 N. 12th St., Good Hope, Ohio.
11. We would like a trip out West for the fall of 1995, but we're not quite
    sure we can make it.
12. I said I paid a lot for this lamp stand, so don't put any more stacks
    of books on it!
13. Braille this again until I can see no more mistakes.
14. I could not wait for the good news of our troops' victory.
15. He said a good friend always looks out for another, but he did not do
    the same for me.

Part III:  Braille to Print Exercises
1.  The child said goodbye and quietly left the room.
2.  Every Christmas Grandpa would cut the turkey after he said grace.
3.  She will braille the lesson this afternoon with a slate and stylus.
4.  Would you publish my story if I make all the appropriate changes?
5.  The force of Hurricane Beth did massive damage on the 1st island but not
    on the 2nd.
6.  She still could not face the prospect of bankruptcy.
7.  After class the blind man takes out a white cane and walks home.
8.  Miss Buchanon resides at 4728 33rd St., Maple Grove.
9.  Billy is glad he did not buy that new video game, for he sees he could
    not have paid for it all up front.
10. Pop said he would take Rex, our dog, out at 5:00, but at 6:00 Rex still
    waits anxiously.
11. He said he could braille the whole page with a slate and stylus as
    fast as I could type it.
12. I paid the air fare reluctantly as I did not plan on that sort of
    cost.
13. Mom always said no news is good news and bad news travels fast.
14. I still could not figure out which house guest broke our coffee pot.
15. He will qualify for the Goodwill Games and has future hopes for the
    Olympics.

IV  PROOF READING EXERCISES
1.  A few people imply that braille is not easy.  What do you reckon?
2.  Shall I tip the waitress for the good job?
3.  Put the blindfold on the 3rd child so he can play the game next.
4.  I said you could braille this page if you want.
5.  I would rather move on the 3rd of May, not on the 15th.
SECTION VII:  SELF-TEST
Part I:  Information Section

             Man's mind, once stretched by a new idea, 
                      never regains its original dimensions.
                                   Oliver Wendell Holmes

                            |Buena Suerte!

II  PRINT TO BRAILLE EXERCISES
1.  Every fall I drop my old clothes off at the Goodwill, and they re-sell
    them.
2.  Shall we take the 1st Ave. bus, or would you rather walk again?
3.  Candice has a 2d plan on the side, but we hope she will not have any
    use for it.
4.  Shall we go out afterward for fresh air?
5.  Altogether, the group declared that they like cous cous.
6.  The blindfolds did not last for the whole trip.
7.  The braillist put the braille above the doorways, which is a mistake.
8.  The fish recipe calls for shallots, but if you're out of them just sub-
    stitute an onion.
9.  From out of the blue, Aunt Hilda asks me if she could use my deodorant.
10. Our grandchild loves the out-of-doors.

III BRAILLE TO PRINT EXERCISES
1.  As a braillist he would braille textbooks, novels, cookbooks, etc.
2.  She told the policeman that she could not see the stop sign until after
    she drove on top of it.
3.  The sailor could look out the porthole and see the island on which they
    would dock.
4.  This child is still without white gym shoes and white athletic socks.
5.  I could have paid for the mishap, but I feel this response would do you
    the most good.
6.  Shimon set up the blind date, so do not blame me for this misfortune.
7.  The debate about the new Chicago stadium is at a standstill until more
    capital is set up.
8.  This would establish a structure of dogma for which other testimonies
    could build on.
9.  It is an outrageous lie that the child did this mischevious prank.
10. Which would you choose:  The 1st white shirt, the 2nd rose-color
    blouse, the tan shoes, or the white-gold necklace?

IV  PROOF READING EXERCISES
1.  Shall we go outside and watch the child plant the tree?
2.  Which color do you want:  orange, black, or white?
3.  That blind dog could have a very good life with this family.
4.  The policeman said that Mr. Standish will not return home without the bird.
5.  Would you like a bit of cake and coffee for the road?

