                  LESSON 8:  SHORT-FORM WORDS AND ELLIPSIS; 

SECTION I:  SHORT-FORM WORDS AND ELLIPSIS
Part I:  Information

1.  Short-Form Words, continued

        because          before          behind          below
        (be)c            (be)f           (be)h           (be)l

        beneath         beside          between         beyond
        (be)n            (be)s           (be)t           (be)y

        perhaps          perceive         perceiving     conceive
        p(er)h           p(er)cv          p(er)cvg       (con)cv

       conceiving
        (con)cvg

1.1 These short-form words SHOULD be used:

1   as whole words or as parts of words.

    EXAMPLES:     (before)h(and)          (conceived)

1.2 These short-form words SHOULD NOT be used as follows:

1   They may never be divided at the end of a braille line, but may be used
    when separated from any added syllables.

    EXAMPLES:            un-                mis-
               (percieve)d         (conceive)

2   They may NOT be used when the letter `e' is dropped before adding a
    suffix like `able' to a word, for example, concieve, because it would
    result in a mispelling of the short-form word.

    EXAMPLE:     (con)ceiva(ble)    NOT    (con)cv(ble)

2.  The Ellipsis

2.1 In print, the ellipsis usually consists of three dots or asterisks
used to show the ommission of words.  In braille, the ellipsis is indicated
by dots 3, 3, 3 in succession, without intervening spaces.  This 3-cell sign
should be spaced and punctuated as a word.

2.2 Rules Peraining to the Ellipsis:

1   Sometimes a print passage will begin or end with an ellipsis. The braille
    text should generally follow the print, with the provisos which follow.
    In braille, the ellipsis should not be included in braille italics (to be
    studied in a later module.)

    EXAMPLE:     "On the way to the forum ..."

2   Sometimes in print, an ellipsis appears to be four dots rather than three.
    This is because the ellipsis is either preceded or followed by a period.
    You must determine which of the dots is the period.  This can be deter-
    mined by deciding whether the sentence preceding the ellipsis is complete
    or incomplete.  If the sentence is complete, then the first is the period.
    If the sentence is not complete, then the last dot is the period.  When
    the first dot is the period, you would then leave a blank cell between the
    period and the ellipsis.  When the last dot is the period, a blank cell
    must NOT be left between it and the ellipsis.

    EXAMPLES:      (incomplete)  Don't touch the ....

                   (complete)   Remember me always....

3   When an ellipsis ends a paragraph and there is not room for it on the last
    line with the last word of the paragraph, then the ellipsis may appear on
    a new braille line by itself.  When the omission of an entire paragraph is
    indicated by an ellipsis, the ellipsis should be placed on a new braille
    line and indented as if it were a paragraph.

4   Print will sometimes indicate the omission of letters in a word with dots.
    In braille, an equal number of unspaced dot 3's should be use.

    EXAMPLE:       d..n     (damn)

     This concludes the information on Short-Form Words and the Ellipsis.
When you are ready, press Esc to return to the Submenu and the practice
exercises.


Part II:  Braille to Print Exercises
1.  The plane strayed beyond the Soviet border and was shot down behind the
    Iron Curtain.
2.  Police are seeking all over Acorn Hollow for the man who acted as go-be-
    tween for the kidnappers.
3.  Benjamin perceived that this project would entail the expenditure of funds 
    far and beyond his means.
4.  Hapgood slipped past the sentry unperceived.
5.  You have completely misconceived the meaning of the author.
6.  The troubled child hid beneath the instructor's desk for the remainder
    the morning.
7.  Besides the expense of the trip Mrs. Disbrow appeared unsettled about dri-
    ving her 1957 Buick.
8.  Perhaps the top readers would motivate the poor readers as they did in
    Hassan's class.
9.  Have Greybear backtrack his steps ... in the classroom, on the path, in
    his dorm room ... because I know I saw his keys this afternoon.
10. Think about what you want from the refrigerator before you open the
    door.
11. Immediate removal of all food and cooking supplies is essential before
    spraying can begin.
12. Do I perceive a ghostly aura or am I simply imagining it? 
13. As a child I slept between my grandparents during weekend stays.
14. Calvin could spend his energy toward more productive activities rather
    than conceiving new methods of frustrating the babysitter.
15. Why sports fans continue paying such high ticket prices for games is
    simply beyond me.

Part III:  Braille to Print Exercises
1.  The Mayor's wife felt that entertaining the poor street urchin was be-
    neath her state and refused the boy shelter.
2.  "You will find the mayonnaise on the shelf below the milk," Anna told
    her older brother.
3.  Perhaps it would be better if you changed out of the barn clothes before
    you go out on a date.
4.  Shoshana could not choose between the ruby necklace and the diamond cocktail
    ring, so she took both while her betrothed tried hiding his dismay.
5.  I perceive that braille is giving you a tremendous degree of grief, is
    it not?
6.  Retrospectively, man's quest has always been for attaining knowledge be-
    yond what was commonly held as true.
7.  "If my daughter's socks are not beside her or directly behind her, she
    will not find them!" Mrs. Thatcher told her bridge club friend.
8.  The two boys conceived the plan that completely disrupted the substitute
    instructor's math class.
9.  "Am I perceiving that you are frustrated with the mural you're doing for
    the museum?  Can I help?" she asked the painter.
10. Anelle began conceiving of ways for paying Mrs. Inman back after re-
    ceiving the large check for college fees.
11. The philosophy class spent the entire hour debating whether it was more
    correct using below or beneath when describing Hades.
12. Perhaps it would be best if we put our discord behind us and started
    fresh.
13. The automobile engine was beyond repair simply because he did not have
    the oil changed once he since purchased the car four years ago.
14. His sense of smell was Mazhar's only way of perceiving that a fire was
    raging in the pasture.
15. I perceive that beneath Miss Klambauer's granite exterior is a heart
    of gold.

Part IV:  Proof Reading Exercises
1.  The child crawled out beneath the locked gate so he could pet the puppy on 
    the other side.
2.  I wouldn't go beyond that point or you might fall between the cracks.
3.  Perhaps his poor study habits were the result of poor self-esteem or maybe 
    he is just simply lazy.
4.  Beside the rocking chair he has a roaring fire that warms the room.
5.  The past is behind you so do not let it overshadow the present.

SECTION VII:  SELF-TEST EXERCISES
Part I:  Information

                  Success is simply a matter of luck.
                                      Ask any failure.
                                             Anonymous

                     L'Chaim!

Part II:  Print to Braille Exercises
1.  "I have always ..., I want ...," Cheol falteringly tried telling her that
    he loved her.
2.  Before the child would go spend the night with her friend, she almost
    always kissed her doll good-bye.
3.  Vineet stayed beside the old dog while the veterinarian prepared the
    syringe for a series of blood tests.
4.  Behind the shed and beneath the wood pile lives a group of woodchucks.
5.  "I can't conceive why the boys would like playing in the abandoned old
    house," pondered the owner.
6.  "Beware of the midnight monster that lives beneath the beds ...," the
    baby sitter warned jokingly.
7.  Between the two families, no ketchup for the hot dogs or hamburgers
    could be located in either picnic basket.
8.  "I perceive that a plot has been formulated for my removal as presi-
    dent!" cried the paranoid club president.
9.  No person can go beyond what they have been taught, so study diligently.
10. As soon as they were introduced, the two wives started conceiving a
    plan for a shopping trip without the husbands.

Part III:  Braille to Print Exercises
1.  An individual who is color-blind would have trouble perceiving the various 
    shades of red.
2.  The officer received the Cong'l Medal of Honor for performing above and
    beyond the call of duty.
3.  Claire hid a spare house key beneath the landscaping timber just left of
    the front door.
4.  "Always think before you answer!" warned the instructor.
5.  Look beyond the rough exterior and imagine a house that has been remod-
    eled.
6.  "We will discover the secrets behind the Great Pyramids," said the tour
    guide as we approached our first of ten stops.
7.  "I think ... consequently I am," philosophized a fellow classmate.
8.  "It's a nice place for sightseeing, but I would not live in N.. Y...,"
    wrote the frazzled tourist.
9.  Perhaps Yoki can go with Grandma tomorrow and buy a pair of new shoes.
10. The ancient tablets were inscribed in Greek and Latin. 

Part IV:  Proof Reading Exercises
1.  Above all else a good sense of self-worth softens life's hard blows.
2.  Hollis declared that he was planning a 3- or 4-week journey across the Denali 
    Natl. Park, Alaska.
3.  Friends and family rejoiced when Bill and Liz announced already-made marriage 
    plans.
4.  In more recent years, braille labels have appeared on most public washrooms, 
    and vending machines.
5.  "Board the plane immediately!" shouted the frazzled Boy Scout troop member.
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