Careers in Rehabilitation REHABILITATION-RELATED PROFESSIONS _______ AN OVERVIEW April 1992 The contents of this publication were developed under a grant from the Department of Education. However, those contents do not necessarily represent the policy of the Department of Education, and you should not assume endorsement by the Federal Government. Rehabilitation-Related Professions Foreword The decision you make regarding your future career may well be the most important decision of your life. We are fortunate to be members of a society which offers a vast array of career choices and provides unlimited opportunities for satisfying and challenging work futures. One career choice I would encourage you to consider is Rehabilitation. Rehabilitation as an occupational/career path not only offers attractive opportunities but provides the satisfaction which comes from assisting and helping other individuals improve their quality of life. This monograph contains information on 21 rehabilitation-related fields and 38 occupations. Information regarding Educational/Certification Requirements, Job Duties, Placement Opportunities, and Salary Ranges is provided. Additional information regarding listed occupations can also be obtained through the National Professional Organizations listed in Appendix A of this publication. The Rehabilitation Services Administration (RSA), U.S. Department of Education, provides financial support to colleges and universities for training programs which focus on rehabilitation-related professions. In many instances, these universities provide student financial support, including payment of stipends, tuition, and fees. Information regarding the availability of student financial support can be obtained by contacting the appropriate college or university. Information regarding RSA-funded college and university programs can be obtained by contacting the appropriate RSA Regional Office listed in Appendix B. We welcome your interest in Rehabilitation and your exploration of career opportunities it offers by reading this guide. There is an acute need for qualified personnel in this rewarding field and you are invited to make further inquiry into the employment possibilities. Nell C. Carney RSA Commissioner OSERS/Department of Education Washington, D.C. Table of Contents Foreword i Rehabilitation Counseling 1 Rehabilitation Counselor Rehabilitation of the Blind 2 Orientation and Mobility Specialist Rehabilitation Teacher Rehabilitation Counselors for the Blind Rehabilitation Administration 3 Rehabilitation Administrators Rehabilitation Engineering 4 Rehabilitation Engineer Rehabilitation Technology Specialists Rehabilitation of the Deaf 5 Deafness Rehabilitation Professional Rehabilitation Counselor for the Deaf Interpreter for the Deaf Undergraduate Rehabilitation Education 6 Rehabilitation Practitioners Rehabilitation Facility Administration 7 Rehabilitation Facility Administrator Vocational Evaluation and Work Adjustment 8 Vocational Evaluator Work Adjustment Specialist Rehabilitation Facilities and Workshop Personnel 9 Rehabilitation Facility and Workshop Personnel Job Development/Placement 10 Job Placement Specialists Physical Therapy 11 Physical Therapist (PT) Physical Therapist Assistant (PTA) Rehabilitation Medicine 12 Physiatrist Supported Employment 13 Employment Specialists Job Coaches Job Training Specialists Job Development Specialists Rehabilitation Psychology 14 Rehabilitation Psychologist Occupational Therapy 15 Occupational Therapist (OTR) Occupational Therapy Assistant (COTA) Speech Pathology/Audiology 16 Speech-Language Pathologist Audiologist Rehabilitation Nursing 17 Rehabilitation Nurse Independent Living 18 Independent Living Program Coordinator Independent Living Center Administrator Client Assistance Programs 19 Attorneys Paralegal Professionals CAP Rehabilitation Advocates CAP Administrator Prosthetics/Orthotics 20 Prosthetist Orthotist Therapeutic Recreation 21 Therapeutic Recreation Specialist Appendix A -- Additional Information Sources Appendix B -- R.S.A. Regional Offices Rehabilitation Counseling Educational Requirements The usual requirement for a position as a Rehabilitation Counselor is a Master's degree. To obtain a Master's degree in Rehabilitation Counseling, most educational programs require 18 months to 2 years of academic coursework and 600 hours of supervised clinical experience. Graduate students generally have undergraduate degrees in Rehabilitation Services, Psychology, Sociology, or other human service fields. Presently, there are over 90 Master's degree programs in Rehabilitation Counseling in the United States. In some instances, these programs offer student stipend support plus the payment of student fees and tuition. Other job titles for the Rehabilitation Counselor might include Job Placement Specialist, Mental Health Counselor, Case Manager or Vocational Counselor. Certification Requirements A graduate of an accredited Rehabilitation Counselor training program is eligible for certification by the Commission on Rehabilitation Counselor Certification (CRCC) upon completion of an approved internship and satisfactory performance on the certification examination. Although this certification is not required for employment in most settings, it represents professional recognition of an individual's education and competencies. Many states also offer certification for licensed professional counselors (LPCs). Job Duties The Rehabilitation Counselor assists people with physically, emotionally or mentally handicapping conditions to become independent or remain self-sufficient employed citizens. This might include interviewing, individual assessment, evaluation of medical and psychological reports, vocational guidance, job placement services, counseling and guidance for personal adjustment, and work with individuals and organizations to address and eliminate environmental and social barriers for people with disabilities. Placement Opportunities Rehabilitation Counselors may work in a wide variety of settings including State Vocational Rehabilitation Agencies, Independent Living Centers, Rehabilitation Facilities, Alcohol and Drug programs, Mental Health Centers, private non-profit rehabilitation agencies. Many employment settings offer the opportunity for counselors to specialize in working with certain disability groups such as the Learning Disabled, Spinal Cord Injured, Chronically Mentally Ill, Traumatic Head Injured, Alcoholism and Drug Abuse, etc. Salary Ranges The average starting salary in the public sector is estimated to be over $24,000, with a range of from $18,000 to $34,000 per year. Rehabilitation of the Blind Educational Requirements Typically, Orientation and Mobility Specialist training is offered at either an undergraduate or graduate level. Completion of these programs usually results in a Bachelors or Master's Degree in Rehabilitation or Education with a major or emphasis in Orientation and Mobility. Presently, there are two undergraduate and ten graduate programs in universities in the United States that have been approved by the Association of Educators and Rehabilitators of the Blind and Visually Impaired (A.E.R.). Rehabilitation Teacher training programs are typically at the graduate level and in some instances, university graduate training programs offer specialization in either Rehabilitation Teaching or Orientation and Mobility. Many agencies and organizations also employ Rehabilitation Counselors for the Blind. Typically, these positions require a Bachelor's Degree in Rehabilitation or related field with specialized training related to the Blind and Visually Impaired, however, a Master's degree is usually preferred. Certification Requirements Graduates of approved university programs are eligible for Rehabilitation Teaching or Orientation and Mobility Certification from the Association of Educators and Rehabilitators of the Blind and Visually Impaired (A.E.R.). Rehabilitation Counselors for the Blind are eligible for the same type of certification and licensure as Rehabilitation Counselors. Job Duties Graduates of Orientation and Mobility training programs provide training to blind and visually impaired individuals in methods of independent and safe travel. Duties might include interviewing, assessment, referrals and providing direct O & M services. Some opportunities are available in Low Vision Clinics where graduates are responsible for assessing remaining vision and determining appropriate visually training needs. Rehabilitation Teachers perform a wide variety of duties including individual assessment, teaching of independent living skills, activities of daily living, homemaking skills and personnel management. Rehabilitation Counselors for the Blind perform a variety of duties in providing services to the Blind and Visually Impaired (See Rehabilitation Counseling). Placement Opportunities Rehabilitation Teachers and Orientation and Mobility Specialists may work in state and private Rehabilitation Agencies (including State Vocational Rehabilitation Agencies for the Blind and Visually Impaired), Low Vision Clinics and Educational Institutions. In many instances, specialists may provide services to the blind and visually impaired for facilities and agencies on a contractual arrangement. Rehabilitation Counselors for the Blind are employed by State Rehabilitation Agencies for the Blind and Visually Impaired and specialized programs, facilities and workshops serving this population. Salary Ranges Typically, starting salaries for Rehabilitation Teachers, Orientation and Mobility Specialists and Rehabilitation Counselors for the Blind range from $20,000 to $30,000 per year. Starting salaries may be higher in some instances depending on location and degree of specialization and training. Rehabilitation Administration Educational Requirements Rehabilitation Administrators are usually hired from professional staff in such fields as rehabilitation counseling, psychology, education, or business administration. Most administrators obtain a Bachelor's degree, and often a Master's degree, in a rehabilitation-related field before entering management. To qualify for first-level, middle, and top management positions, individuals may obtain additional education such as a Master's degree in rehabilitation, business, or public administration. Individuals also increase their knowledge and skills for administration through in-service and continuing education. Certification Requirements At the present time there are no certification requirements for Rehabilitation Administrators. Administrators are generally expected to have met the certification requirements required of the professionals they supervise. A first-level supervisor of rehabilitation counselors, for example, would be certified by the Commission on Rehabilitation Counselor Certification (CRCC). Job Duties Rehabilitation Administrators manage and direct a wide variety of rehabilitation service programs. Duties may include planning, programming, operations and management, supervision and human resource development, budgeting, information management, reporting, program evaluation, research, and public relations. Rehabilitation Administrators must apply principles of business and public administration, as well as program specific knowledge on the functional and societal implications of disability, to assure that rehabilitation programs achieve their missions of assisting persons with disabilities in the most efficient and effective ways possible. Placement Opportunities Rehabilitation Administrators work in State and Federal agencies, nonprofit organizations, educational institutions, medical rehabilitation facilities, and private for=profit rehabilitation businesses. Many Rehabilitation Administrators serve in managerial positions such as supervisor, Unit Director, Planner, Human resource Development Director, District Administrator, or Grants Manager. Salary Ranges Starting salaries for Rehabilitation Administrators range from $27,000 to $35,000 per year. Rehabilitation Engineering Educational Requirements Students who wish to become a Rehabilitation Engineer must usually complete a two-year Master's degree program in Rehabilitation Engineering. Entrance to the Master's degree program usually requires an appropriate undergraduate Engineering degree (Biomedical Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Industrial Engineering, Mechanical Engineering) as a prerequisite. This is typically a specialty area in a traditional Engineering Master's degree program and can be a thesis or non-thesis degree program. Many programs include an internship in a rehabilitation setting. Approximately eight universities have formal concentrations in Rehabilitation Engineering. Some programs offer student stipend support plus the payment of student fees and tuition. Many agencies and programs now employ Rehabilitation Technology Specialists. While there is no specific education educational requirement for these positions, these individuals typically have a degree in Industrial Arts, Vocational Evaluation or Counseling and/or a sufficient level of work experience, specialized training and exposure in areas related to this field. Certification Requirements At the present time, there are no certification requirements for a Rehabilitation Engineer. Graduates are encouraged to become registered professional Engineers in the States where they work. There are no certification requirements for Rehabilitation Technology Specialists. Job Duties Rehabilitation Engineers are involved with the design, development and application of rehabilitative and assistive technology to assist persons with disabilities in achieving greater independence. The typical Rehabilitation Engineer may be involved as a team member addressing problems related to wheelchairs and mobility, corrective postural positioning, independent living, workplace modification, adaptive driving and augmentative communication. Whether one is working with individuals or in a research facility, the Rehabilitation Engineer is dedicated to increasing the personal independence and functional capability of individuals who are disabled. Placement Opportunities The Rehabilitation Engineer may work in public or private rehabilitation agencies, rehabilitation facilities, voluntary organizations (such as United Cerebral Palsy and Easter Seals), private industry or as a consultant. Employment opportunities are good and will continue to grow. Salary Ranges Starting salaries for Rehabilitation Engineers typically range from $30,000 to $35,000 per year. Rehabilitation of the Deaf Educational Requirements Many States now require a Master's Degree for employment as a Deafness Rehabilitation Professional or a Rehabilitation Counselor for the Deaf. While many agencies may hire graduates from general Rehabilitation Counselor training programs, employment opportunities are greater for those who have graduated from programs offering Master's degree specialization related to deafness or deaf services. Employment as an Interpreter for the Deaf typically requires completion of at least an A.A., or preferably a B.A. degree program in Interpreter Education. Certification Requirements Deafness Rehabilitation Professionals are eligible for the same type of certifications as General Rehabilitation Counselors. These include CRC, NCC and other related certifications. Many States and programs are also implementing Sign Language Proficiency evaluations to assist professionals to develop and improve their skills in American Sign Language. While there are currently no certification requirements, national certification or State screening levels for sign Language are often stated as a hiring preference. For Interpreters for the Deaf, the preference is for national certification, which is offered through the Registry of Interpreters for the Deaf, Inc. (RID). RID currently offers two national certifications: Certificate of Interpretation (CI) or Certificate of Transliteration (CT). At the State level, approximately 30 States offer Quality Assurance Screening Tests (QAST) for interpreters who are either not eligible for, or do not possess national certification. Job Duties Job duties may include provision of assessment services, vocational and adjustment counseling services, provision of independent living skills training, interpreting services, interpreter referral services, advocacy services and/or job placement services. A critical factor in success with this population is the ability to communicate with clients in their preferred mode. This typically includes possessing competency in American Sign Language as well as familiarity with the use of various assistive listening devices. Interpreters work directly with individuals (including Deaf/Blind) and groups to facilitate communication. Placement Opportunities Deafness Rehabilitation Professionals may be employed in a variety of settings including VR Agencies, Universities, Rehabilitation Facilities, Mental Health settings, Independent Living Agencies and Community Service Centers. Interpreters frequently work on a contract basis, however, opportunities for full-time employment in agencies such as those listed above are rapidly expanding. Salary Ranges Starting salaries vary depending on the type of agency and the region of the country. The typical starting salary for a Rehabilitation Counselor for the Deaf or Deafness Rehabilitation Professional range from $18,000 to $30,000 per year. Starting salaries for Interpreters range from $15,000 to $25,000 per year, or $15 to $30 per hour depending on certification credentials. Undergraduate Rehabilitation Education Educational Requirements Individuals seeking employment as Rehabilitation Practitioners should complete a four year university training program which usually results in a Bachelor's Degree in Rehabilitation, or there is a special emphasis in Rehabilitation resulting in a B.S. or B.A. degree. Frequently, students enter an undergraduate rehabilitation training program with the intention of eventually obtaining a Master's Degree in Rehabilitation Counseling, Psychology or related areas. Presently, there are more than thirty-five undergraduate rehabilitation programs in colleges in the United States. In some instances, these programs offer student stipend support plus the payment of student fees and tuition. Certification Requirements At the present time there are no certification requirements for the Bachelor's degree level Rehabilitation Practitioner. Job Duties Employed graduates assist persons with disabilities in achieving the greatest physical, mental, social, educational and vocational potential of which they are capable. Duties might include coordinating the diagnosis and evaluation of the handicapping condition, interviewing, individual planning, arranging various rehabilitation services, assisting persons in selecting a vocational goal, providing personal and social adjustment services, job placement activities and providing follow-up services to individuals after other services are completed. Placement Opportunities Rehabilitation Practitioners may work in public and private Rehabilitation Agencies (including State Vocational Rehabilitation Agencies), Rehabilitation Facilities and Sheltered Workshops, Mental Health and Mental Retardation Units, Evaluation and Treatment Centers, Correctional Institutions and Agencies (including Probation Departments), Voluntary Organizations, Client Assistance Programs, Centers for Independent Living, or private industry (including Personnel Departments of corporations and Insurance Companies). Common job titles for this position include Rehabilitation Specialist, Rehabilitation Technician, Vocational Caseworker, Rehabilitation Aide or Technician, Vocational Evaluation Technician, Alcohol and Drug Counselor, Personal Adjustment Trainer, Work Adjustment Trainer, Job Placement Specialist, or Employee Assistance Counselor. Salary Ranges Starting salaries typically range from $18,000 to $25,000 per year. Rehabilitation Facility Administration Educational Requirements The minimum educational requirement for a Rehabilitation Facility Administrator is a Bachelor's degree in rehabilitation, business, management, rehabilitation, public administration, or a related field. For positions in health care or medical rehabilitation settings persons with degrees in nursing, physical therapy or occupational therapy may be place in administrative positions. Certification Requirements At this time there are no national certification requirements for rehabilitation facility administrators. Some nationally-based programs such as Goodwill Industries and Easter Seal programs may require successful completion of specific training programs conducted by the respective parent organizations. Some states have additional requirements for rehabilitation facility administrators which may include a Master's degree in rehabilitation facility administration, public administration, business administration or related field. In some cases these requirements may be a prerequisite to employment. Job Duties Job responsibilities of rehabilitation facility administrators will vary extensively depending on the focus of the particular facility. At a minimum, rehabilitation facility administrators are responsible for planning and management functions for programs, personnel, and fiscal operations. Administrators must have above average communication skills as they are required to interact extensively with professional and non-professional staff members, consumers, parents and families, employers, other professionals within the community, and the general public. The administrator is frequently required to be knowledgeable about and skilled in direct service areas provided by the facility. In medical facilities, administrators must be able to effectively communicate with doctors, nurses, physical and occupational therapists and other medical personnel. The administrator typically works closely with a board of directors and is responsible for carrying out the goals and objectives established by that group. Placement Opportunities Rehabilitation facility administrators may work in any setting in which vocational rehabilitation or independent living services are the primary focus. Examples of specific placement sites include: public rehabilitation programs, private not-for-profit centers, hospitals, community mental health and mental retardation centers, independent living centers, and employment-based programs. Salary Ranges Salaries for rehabilitation facility administrators vary greatly depending on the size, type and location of the program involved. While salaries can reach levels over $60,000 per year, entry level salaries for smaller facilities generally begin in the $22,000 - $27,000 per year range. Vocational Evaluation and Work Adjustment Educational Requirements Minimum requirements for individuals seeking employment as a Vocational Evaluator or as a Work Adjustment Specialist is a bachelor's degree in Rehabilitation or a Bachelor's degree in a closely related field with extensive approved work experience and specialized training. Individuals with masters degrees in their respective specialty areas are preferred for both Vocational Evaluators and Work Adjustment Specialists. Certification Requirements Graduates of Vocational Evaluation specialization programs may apply to the Commission on certification of Work Adjustment and Vocational Evaluation Specialists (CCWAVES) for national certification as a Certified Vocational Evaluator. The CVE is awarded to individuals having competence in the essential performance areas as demonstrated by education, training and professional experience, as well as a national certification examination administered by CCWAVES. CCWAVES also administers certification for Certified Work Adjustment (CWA). Currently, testing for CWA has been suspended pending update of the examination. Professionals possessing CWA credentials are allowed to maintain their certification. While most States do not have licensure or other specific credentials for Vocational Evaluators or Work Adjustment Specialists, they may rely on the CVA and CWA as a standard for professional qualifications. The Commission on Accreditation of Rehabilitation Facilities (CARF) requires the CVE when certifying programs in vocational evaluation. Job Duties Vocational Evaluation is a comprehensive process of vocational exploration and assessment designed to assist individuals in identifying their vocational options. The vocational evaluator must have an understanding of a variety of physical and mental disabilities and must have above average communication skills. Evaluators are responsible for selecting, administering and interpreting a wide assortment of evaluation instruments including psychometric tests, commercial work sample systems, and situational assessments. They are frequently required to modify standard instruments or to develop new instruments in order to effectively respond to local labor markets or accommodate individual needs. Work Adjustment Specialists provide services focusing on the development and implementation of systematic, individualized treatment/training programs for persons with disabilities. Adjustment Specialists must be able to establish effective helping relationships with a wide variety of persons with disabilities and must posses skills in behavior change techniques, individual and group counseling, instructional techniques, job development, job placement and community integration. Placement Opportunities Vocational Evaluators and Work Adjustment Specialists may be employed in any setting that concentrates on Integration of persons with disabilities into the community workplace. Primary examples of employment settings include: state vocational rehabilitation agencies, private rehabilitation companies, community Independent Living Centers, psychiatric and addiction treatment centers, head injury treatment centers, hospitals, public schools, mental health and retardation programs, sheltered workshops and work activity centers, correctional facilities and university-based programs. Salary Ranges Starting salaries for CVEs typically range from $23,000 to $30,000 per year and starting salaries for CWA's range from $20,000 to $25,000 per year. Individuals with bachelor's degrees in these areas may expect a starting salary between $15,000 and $20,000 per year. Rehabilitation Facilities and Workshop Personnel Educational Requirements Rehabilitation facilities provide employment opportunities for individuals with and without advanced educational degrees. Rehabilitation Facility and Workshop Personnel include Administrators, Counselors, Vocational Evaluators and Work Adjustment Specialists. While these professional positions typically require a Master's degree, some may be filled by individuals with a bachelors degree in rehabilitation or a closely related field along with approved work experience and specialized training. Other positions requiring a bachelors degree include case manager, job developer and placement specialist, vocational evaluation aide, production supervisor, and skills trainer. Para-professional positions within facilities and workshops include job coach, job readiness trainer, and floor supervisor. These positions may require two years of college, approved work experience, or specialized training. Certification Requirements Certification requirements for Certified Rehabilitation Counselors, Vocational Evaluators, and Work Adjustment Specialists are described in the sections on these specializations. With the exception of these professional areas, there are no specific certification requirements for the facility and workshop positions identified above. However, many facilities require employees in these positions to maintain continuing education credits for job retention. Job Duties Please refer to the sections on rehabilitation counselling vocational evaluation and work adjustment, and rehabilitation facility administration for descriptions of duties directly related to these areas. Other workshop and facility personnel are responsible for a wide range of activities directly related to preparing individuals with disabilities for employment and integration into the community. While primary responsibilities vary among positions, all personnel must be skilled in: developing and maintaining interpersonal relationships, techniques of behavior management and change, individual and group instruction, and client supervision. Other duties include job development, job placement and workaday modification. Facility personnel engage in extensive interaction with the business community and must be knowledgeable of and responsive to the needs of the employer. Placement Opportunities Facilities, group homes, sheltered workshops and community integration programs are the primary employment sites for individuals competent in the areas described above. Rehabilitation workshops and facilities typically focus on the vocational and social development of persons with developmental disabilities. Other programs specialize in meeting the employment needs of psychiatric clients or persons with physical disabilities. Because of the interest and/or need that all people have in employment, the knowledge and skills of rehabilitation workshop and facility personnel can frequently be transferable to such employment settings as psychiatric and medical hospitals, addiction treatment programs, public schools and correctional facilities. Salary Ranges Salary ranges for counselors, evaluators and adjustment specialists and facility administrators are listed in separate sections. Persons with bachelors degrees can anticipate starting salaries from $15,000 to $22,000 for direct service positions in rehabilitation facilities and workshops. Non-degreed positions are currently advertised in the $13,500 to $15,500 range. Job Development/Placement Educational Requirements Individuals seeking employment as Job Placement Specialists should complete a master's degree in Rehabilitation with special emphasis in Job Placement. Certification Requirements At the present time there are no certification requirements for the Job Placement Specialist. Job Duties The Job Placement Specialist takes referrals of placement-ready clients from rehabilitation counselors and provides placement services to assist clients in finding jobs identified on the Individualized Written Rehabilitation Program. The Job Placement Specialist provides following services to clients based upon need: Resume' development, job seeking skills training, and post employment follow-up. Other client services may include training clients to conduct informational interviews, supervising the practice of interviewing skills, assisting clients in finding job openings, and as well as coordinating accommodations for clients when they go for interviews. Placement specialists may also coordinate and supervise job clubs. Job Placement Specialists are also involved in employer consultation. Employer services include teaching employers about financial incentives to hiring persons with disabilities, demonstrating accommodation technology available, consulting with Human Resources Departments on their hiring practices and working with front line supervisors to eliminate prejudices toward persons with disabilities. The purpose of the employer consultation is to increase the availability of job opportunities for clients with disabilities. Placement Opportunities Job Placement Specialists work in public and private Rehabilitation Agencies including State Vocational Rehabilitation Agencies, Rehabilitation Facilities, Sheltered Workshops, and Community Mental Health and Mental Retardation Programs. Salary Ranges Starting salaries typically range from $20,000 to $35,000 per year. Physical Therapy Educational Requirements To become a licensed Physical Therapist (PT), you must graduate from one of the accredited physical therapy education programs located in colleges and universities throughout the United States. To enter the entry-level master's degree programs you must have a Baccalaureate degree in another area and have completed the required prerequisite courses; however, some programs offer a Baccalaureate degree in physical therapy. Admission is competitive. Courses include human anatomy, neuroscience, and medical kinesiology as well as the theory and practice of physical therapy; students must also complete internships in clinical facilities. To become a Physical Therapist Assistant (PTA), you must complete an accredited two-year Associate degree program. Most of these programs are located in junior/community colleges. Certification Requirements All 50 States have licensure requirements. Upon completion of an accredited education program, you are eligible to apply for a license in the state(s) where you wish to practice. All states require a national licensure examination, but the passing score and other requirements vary from state to state. some states require that the Physical Therapist Assistant be licensed also. Job Duties Physical therapists are key members of medical teams, evaluating and treating persons who through accident, illness, or birth defect are injured or disabled. Physical therapists treat a wide variety of patients including: orthopedic, pediatric, geriatric, and neurologic. Types of treatment include therapeutic exercise, massage, manipulations, and the application of heat, cold, electrotherapy, and ultrasound. Physical therapists also plan, administer, and evaluate rehabilitation services and provide consultative and educational services. Physical Therapist Assistants practice under the supervision of Physical Therapists. Placement Opportunities Employment opportunities for qualified physical therapists are excellent. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics projects that the demand for physical therapists will rise by over 87 percent by the year 2000. Physical therapists practice in school settings, private practices, sports rehabilitation centers, nursing homes, home health agencies, and industry, as well as the more traditional acute care settings such as hospitals and rehabilitation centers. Career opportunities are also available in administration, research, and teaching. Salary Ranges Starting salaries for Physical Therapists range from $28,000 to 38,000 per year depending on the location of employment and type of practice. Many employers offer additional benefits such as paying for licensure fees, professional association dues, and continuing education expenses. Rehabilitation Medicine Educational Requirements Physicians skilled in rehabilitation medicine, or Physiatrist as they are identified in the field of medicine, are graduates of an accredited School of Medicine or School of Osteopathic Medicine. Physiatrist complete an accredited residency training program in physical medicine and rehabilitation. Physiatrist who want to teach or do research may take graduate work leading to a master's or PH.D. degree in a field such as biochemistry or biomedical engineering. Certification Requirements Physiatrist are certified by the american Board of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. In 1990, there were 3,454 total board certified physiatrist. Job Duties Physiatrist provide rehabilitation medical care to persons who require assistance to maximize physical functional capacity that is limited by the consequences of injury, disease, or congenital disorder. Physiatrist team with other physicians and rehabilitation professionals such as nurses, physical therapists, occupational therapists, psychologists, prosthetists, and orthotists to provide interdisciplinary care that increases functional abilities of persons with disability in self-care, mobility, vocational rehabilitation, and other activities of daily living. Some physiatrist serve as faculty in rehabilitation medicine and conduct research to improve rehabilitation processes and outcomes. Placement Opportunities Physiatrist work in hospitals, medical rehabilitation facilities, private and public rehabilitation agencies or offices, research centers, and in colleges and universities, including medical schools. Physiatrist may pursue two or more years of post-residency fellowship training in neuromuscular diseases, spinal cord injury, brain injury, or related specialties. Salary Ranges Residents may receive $30,000 to $70,000 per year. Starting salaries for Physiatrist range widely, but are comparable with those of new Internists and General Physicians at $90,000 to $120,000 per year. Supported Employment Educational Requirements Supported Employment is a new rehabilitation service option that offers many career opportunities. It is not a profession, but is a service that is provided to many individuals with disabilities. Supported Employment is defined as "competitive work in integrated work settings (a) for individuals with severe disabilities for whom competitive employment has not traditionally occurred, or (b) for individuals for whom competitive employment has been interrupted or intermittent as a result of a severe disability, and who, because of their disability, need on-going support services to perform such work." Supported Employment programs employ Employment Specialists or Job Coaches and in some instances Job Training Specialists and Job Development Specialists. Presently, there are no educational requirements for the position of Employment Specialist, although many colleges and universities are offering Bachelor or Master's program with emphasis in supported employment. Hiring organizations often indicate a preference for individuals who possess a Bachelor's degree in Rehabilitation, Special Education, or a related field. Certification Requirements There are no certification requirements for the positions listed above. Training programs are available which offer certificates, but there is no established set of criteria which govern competencies or skill requirements on a national scale. Competency information from a variety of sources is available from the Association for Persons in Supported Employment (APSE). See Appendix A for more information. Job Duties Employment Specialists (job coaches) provide assistance to individuals engaged in Supported Employment. In the majority of cases, employment assistance is provided on-the-job-site and includes the use of systematic training of job and work related skills. Employment Specialists provide long-term support to employed clients assisting them in maintaining employment. Assistance is very intense in the initial stages of employment, with gradual fading of intervention over time. The Employment Specialist assists the employee and employer in developing a natural pattern of interaction for the long-term employment relationship. In most cases, the Employment Specialist implements all phases of the Supported Employment activity for a given client, i.e., consumer assessment, job development, placement, training, and long-term follow-along. In some cases, the position is split between a Job Trainer and Job Developer in which case the Trainer concentrates on training individual clients in job and related skills, while the Developer focuses on developing new job sites. Placement Opportunities Supported Employment personnel work in many different job settings. According to national data, most supported employment programs are operated out of sheltered workshop or other rehabilitation facilities. In other instances, Employment Specialists are employed by state vocational rehabilitation agencies, public schools, and organizations established for the sole purpose of provided supported employment services. Salary Ranges Earnings are highly variable, according to work setting and geographic location. Salaries for state agency and public sector Employment Specialists range from $15,000 to $30,000 per year. The skills and knowledge required to perform effectively as an Employment Specialist are diverse. Creative problem solving and resourcefulness are critical. Employment Specialists learn a great about related human service systems and therefore gain access to opportunities for advancement and other career opportunities. Starting salaries for Job Coaches typically range from $6 to $12 per hour. Rehabilitation Psychology Educational Requirements The minimum educational requirement for a Rehabilitation Psychologist is a Master's degree in Rehabilitation, Clinical, Counseling or Educational Psychology. A Doctoral degree is preferred, however, with emphasis in the areas listed above. Some Doctoral programs have a Rehabilitation, Behavioral Medicine/Health Psychology, or Neuropsychology emphasis. If a program does not have such an emphasis, the internship can be chosen such that the above specialties are an integral component. There are also Doctoral programs in Rehabilitation and Rehabilitation Counseling. Rehabilitation Services Administration (RSA) funds grants in the field of Rehabilitation Psychology to support pre-service training programs designed to increase the number of qualified personnel providing specialized psychological and assessment services in public and private nonprofit or related rehabilitation agencies and facilities. Certification Requirements In terms of independent practice, Psychologists can obtain certification and licensure by the State in which one would practice. In some States, there are Master's level licensure laws that permit independent practice. Most States have a certification process for Master's level Psychologists with a requirement that they be employed and supervised by a Licensed Psychologist. In addition, many States have a provision whereby no certification or licensure is required if the individual is employed by an "exempt" agency, i.e., Hospital, Government Service Agency, University, etc. Many exempt agencies, however, may require certification and licensure as a prerequisite to employment. Job Duties Rehabilitation Psychologists perform psychological, neuropsychological, vocational and/or clinical evaluation of persons with disability to determine strengths and weaknesses that may affect long-term personal, social and vocational adjustment and adaptation to disability. In addition, such information may contribute to treatment, interdisciplinary planning and/or to disability determination. Counseling/Psychotherapy may also be performed to assist persons to cope with disability and daily living issues. In the academic area, university faculty positions are available and in demand. In such positions, duties involve teaching and supervision of clinical and research work by students. Independent clinical work and research may also be performed in the academic setting. Placement Opportunities Rehabilitation Psychologists may work in a wide variety of settings including public and private Rehabilitation Centers, Hospitals, Psychiatric or Head Injury Treatment Centers, State Institutions, Community Mental Health Centers and Academic Institutions. Salary Ranges Typically, the starting salary for Master's degree entry level employment is $20,000 to $30,000 per year. The starting salary for Doctoral level entry employment is $30,000 per year and higher. Occupational Therapy Educational Requirements To become a registered Occupational Therapist (OTR), you must graduate from one of the numerous Occupational Therapy educational programs located in colleges and universities throughout the United States. Most programs offer a Baccalaureate degree; however, if you already have a Baccalaureate degree in a related field, you may be eligible for an entry-level Master's degree or certificate program offered by some schools. The course content for each type of program focuses on biological and behavioral sciences, human growth and development and Occupational Therapy theory and practice. All programs require a period of supervised clinical experience. To become a certified Occupational Therapy Assistant (COTA), you must complete an approved educational program. The majority of these are two-year Associate degree programs in community colleges. The program includes courses in the structure and function of the human body, Psychology, Occupational Therapy principles and techniques and a period of supervised clinical experience. Certification Requirements Upon completion of the educational requirements to be an Occupational Therapist or an Occupational Therapy Assistant, you are eligible to take the national certification examination administered by the American Occupational Therapy Certification Board. In addition, most of the States require that you be licensed to practice. To become licensed, you must present proof of successful completion of the certification examination and pay a fee which varies from State to State. Job Duties Occupational Therapists employed in rehabilitation centers, facilities, or hospitals may design and construct splints for injury victims, plan and supervise a program of activities to assist those recovering from a stroke, or monitor the heart rate and energy requirements of heart patients as they practice self-care or homemaking activities. Occupational Therapists working with the mentally ill may be responsible for group or individual treatment activities designed to help individuals learn personal or social behavior skills. Typically, Occupational Therapists work with individuals representing practically all disability groups. As an employed Occupational Therapist you may provide services to patients of all ages with physical, developmental, and emotional problems. Placement Opportunities Future employment is especially bright for those who choose a career in Occupational Therapy. According to a report by the U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Therapy is one of the fastest growing health professions, with career opportunities in administration, research and education, as well as direct patient treatment. Occupational Therapists work in a variety of rehabilitation-related settings including rehabilitation centers, hospitals and facilities. As a registered OT or OT Assistant you may have a private practice or work, and provide consultation to nursing homes, public and private schools, or Home Health Agencies. Salary Ranges In 1991, starting salaries for Registered Occupational Therapists typically ranged from $29,000 to $31,000 per year. Starting salaries for OT Assistants typically ranged from $19,000 to $21,000 per year. Speech Pathology/Audiology Educational Requirements Employment as a certified Speech-Language Pathologist or a certified Audiologist requires a Master's degree which can be obtained from the numerous universities and colleges which offer Communication Disorders programs or Audiology programs. In a small number of States, non-certified Audiologists and Speech-Language Pathologists can practice with a Bachelor's degree. Admission criteria, course requirements and tuition vary from program to program, therefore, interested students are encouraged to contact the university of their choice to obtain specific information. All programs include course work as well as supervised clinical practicums. In Speech-Language Pathology, course work focuses on normal and impaired articulation, language, swallowing, cognition and voice. In clinical practicums, students will be involved in evaluation and treatment of patients with deficits in these areas. In Audiology, course work focuses on anatomy and function of the ear, fitting and selection of hearing aids, diagnostic testing and calibration and use of audiological equipment. In clinical practicums, students will be involved in evaluation of patients with possible hearing impairments. Certification Requirements To become certified in each of these fields, you must have a Master's degree, pass the American Speech Language and Hearing Association certification examination and complete and meet the requirements of a clinical fellowship year (CFY). Most States also have license requirements. In these states you must present proof of certification and pay a fee. A separate license and certification examination is needed to dispense hearing aids. Job Duties Speech-Language Pathologists and Audiologists work with infants to adults with a variety of speech, language, voice, swallowing, cognitive, and hearing deficits. Speech-Language Pathologists are responsible for evaluation, goal setting, treatment implementation, patient and family education and re-integration of patients. The goal is to improve patient skills so they may function in their environment to the best of their ability. They work with patients who have a variety of diagnoses which include strokes, brain injuries, degenerative diseases, learning disabilities, attention deficit disorders, and many others. Audiologists work closely with Otolaryngologists and Ear, Nose and Throat Specialists. The goal is to obtain a clear picture of hearing status and make recommendations for hearing aids or follow-up medical treatment. Placement Opportunities Speech-Language Pathologists and Audiologists work in hospitals, private and public clinics, Rehabilitation Centers, Nursing Homes, Home Health Agencies, Contract Agencies, private practices and public/private schools and universities. Salary Ranges Starting salaries for Speech-Language Pathologists typically range from $20,000 to $33,000. Starting salaries for Audiologists typically range from $21,000 to $34,000. Starting salaries vary based on level of education, location and type of facility or practice. Rehabilitation Nursing Educational Requirements A registered nurse's license is necessary to become a professional Rehabilitation Nurse. To meet licensure educational requirements, the candidate must complete a baccalaureate, diploma, or associate degree program. While associate and diploma programs are acceptable, the trend is toward the baccalaureate degree as the preferred entry-level degree. Some nurses do go on to earn Master's and Doctoral degrees in Rehabilitation Nursing. Certification Requirements While certification is not required to practice Rehabilitation Nursing, it is available. Nurses with two years experience in Rehabilitation Nursing are eligible to take the certification examination. Successful completion of the examination leads to the prestigious Certified Rehabilitation Registered Nurse (CRRN) credential. Job Duties Rehabilitation Nurses often play a very important role as a member of the inter-disciplinary team, working cooperatively with Rehabilitation Counselors, Social Workers, Occupational and Physical Therapists and Physiatrist. Rehabilitation Nurses begin to work with individuals and their families soon after disabling injury or chronic illness strikes, and they are still there after the individuals go home and back to school to work. During that time, Rehabilitation Nurses help these people make the most of there abilities. They accomplish this goal lay educating, motivating, and working with individuals and their families, friends, and employers. They also coordinate funding sources and community assistance programs. Placement Opportunities There are many excellent placement opportunities in the field of Rehabilitation Nursing. Rehabilitation Nurses practice in a variety of settings, including rehabilitation centers, hospitals, long-term care facilities, nursing homes, clinics, community and governmental agencies, insurance corporations, and private companies. Salary Ranges According to a 1991 survey done by the Association of Rehabilitation Nurses, entry level salaries can average $15.16 per for a staff nurse, $31,667 for an insurance rehabilitation nurse, and $40,093 for management-level rehabilitation nurses. Independent Living Educational Requirements For employment as a Independent Living Program Coordinator in a Center for Independent Living, a Bachelors degree in Rehabilitation, Business Administration or Liberal Arts is preferred, but not required. In some instances, knowledge of disabilities, community resources, independent living philosophy, and specific job skills for a position may substitute for formal education. Typically, these educational requirements also apply to the position of Independent Living Center Administrator, however, in most instances administrative experience and/or extensive work experience in a Center for Independent Living is required for this position. Certification Requirements At the present time, there are no certification requirements for working in an Independent Living Center as an Independent Living Program Coordinator or as an Administrator of an Independent Living Center. In most instances, preference is given to persons with disabilities who can perform key elements of a position, or who can perform essential duties after receiving short-term training. Job Duties Independent Living Program Coordinators will generally be involved in developing independent living plans, case management, information and referral, advocacy, skills training, counseling, social/recreational activities, community outreach, and activities related to the needs of consumers such as housing, accessibility, transportation, employment, personal care services and assistive services such as interpreters, readers, etc. Administrators of Independent Living Centers perform a variety of duties relating to personnel management, program administration, planning, evaluation, public relations, community outreach, advocacy, fund raising, grant writing, training and other duties assigned by the Board of Directors. Placement Opportunities Independent living centers are local community based cross disability advocacy organizations. In order to qualify for federal/state funding, ILCs must have a governing body made up of at least 51% persons with disabilities, must serve a wide spectrum of disabilities, and offer at a minimum the services of information and referral, peer counseling, independent living skills training and advocacy. The number of centers and the number of positions available are continuing to grow and expand each year. Generally, ILCs are located in both rural and urban areas. Salary Ranges Typically, starting salaries for CIL Administrators range from $25,000 to $30,000 per year, and the starting salaries for CIL Program Coordinators range from $17,000 to 20,000 per year. Client Assistance Programs Educational Requirements Client Assistance Programs (CAPs) vary in structure all over the country and the roles and activities of these programs reflect the various orientations of the program settings. For example, some CAPs are administered by legal offices and the CAP Staff may be Attorneys, or they may be Paralegal Professionals. Most programs also employ CAP Rehabilitation Advocates who have Rehabilitation or Social Science degrees. Many CAPs hire Master's Degree level professionals, whereas other CAPs hire people with a combination of undergraduate degrees and employment experience in the rehabilitation/disability field. Educational requirements for the position of CAP Administrator vary considerably, with some CAPs requiring a degree in Law. Certification Requirements There are no formal certification requirements for CAP. Many people who are employed in CAPs, however, maintain certifications in their respective fields. Job Duties CAP Rehabilitation Advocates and CAP Paralegal Professionals provide individual client services (information/referral, counseling and advice regarding rights relative to rehabilitation services, mediation and negotiation with service providers, assistance with administrative appeals to resolve grievances, and access to legal services as needed). CAP personnel also conduct outreach and training activities, write position papers and advocate for policy changes with rehabilitation service administrators. CAP Administrators perform a variety of management duties and some have responsibility to consumer advisory committees and boards. Most CAP professionals are expected to have skills in public speaking, writing, group work, and a solid knowledge base in disability issues. Since CAP is called upon to advocate for change, a commitment to consumer empowerment and community integration of persons with disabilities is a plus. Some states have very small programs due to the size of their allotment. In these states, the CAP may only have one professional staff member. Placement Opportunities Each State has a Client Assistance Program funded by the Rehabilitation Services Administration, U.S. Department of Education. Each of these programs offer a variety of positions such as those outlined above. Salary Ranges Typically, starting salaries for CAP Rehabilitation Advocates and CAP Paralegal Professionals range from $20,000 to $30,000 per year. Starting salaries for CAP Administrators and Attorneys typically range from $25,000 to $35,000 per year depending on background and work experience. Prosthetics/Orthotics Educational Requirements Individuals seeking employment as a Prosthetist or Orthotist must obtain a Bachelor's degree in Prosthetics-Orthotics or a Bachelor's degree in a related field plus completion of a long-term (four and one half to twelve month) certificate program. The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas offers a fully accredited two-year upper division curriculum which leads to a Bachelor of Science degree in Prosthetics-Orthotics. The course of study consists of two phases: a prerequisite phase and a professional phase. During the prerequisite phase the student completes required and elective courses in physical sciences, biological sciences and liberal arts. The professional phase is completed on campus. This portion of the curriculum offers the student courses in related sciences, professional skills and technical skills. A coordinated approach to the academic and clinical aspects of the student's education reinforces the basic skills necessary for entry level positions. Certification Requirements Students completing all program requirements, are awarded a Bachelor of Science degree and a certificate in Prosthetics and Orthotics. Upon completion of a Bachelor's degree in Prosthetics-Orthotics or a certificate program, graduates are then required to complete 1900 hours (approximately one year) of clinical experience under the guidance of a certified practitioner in one of the two disciplines. This qualifies them to sit for certification in accordance with regulations of the American Board for Certification in Orthotics and Prosthetics, Inc. (ABC). Upon successful completion of one board examination, the candidate becomes either a certified Prosthetist or Orthotist. Once both board examinations are passed, the candidate becomes a certified Prosthetist-Orthotist. Job Duties A certified Prosthetist-Orthotist provides care to persons requiring the replacement of a partially or totally absent extremity (prosthesis) or the fitting of a brace (orthosis) to a disabled spine or extremity. Professional practice includes assessment of patient needs, prescription recommendation, fabrication, fitting and evaluation of the prosthesis or orthosis. Functioning in the clinical setting as an active member of the professional health-care team, the Prosthetist-Orthotist collaborates with team members to provide rehabilitation for patients with disabling illnesses and injuries or birth defects. The Prosthetist-Orthotist is also responsible for educating the patient, their families, other health-care professionals and the public about Prosthetics and Orthotics. Placement Opportunities Students with a degree in Prosthetics-Orthotics are employed nationwide and generally have employment offers prior to graduation. Clinical exposure in both disciplines during school enhances the students' professional ability and gives them the opportunity to increase their skill level throughout their residency. Salary Ranges Starting salaries for residents typically range from $25,000 to $29,000 per year. Therapeutic Recreation Educational Requirements Individuals wishing to obtain employment as a Therapeutic Recreation Specialist traditionally earn a Bachelor's degree in Therapeutic Recreation. Masters and Doctoral programs are available. Academic coursework addresses such areas as Therapeutic Recreation philosophy, recreation foundations, administration, psychology, physical sciences and other related subjects. Certification Requirements Certification as a Therapeutic Recreation Specialist (CTRS) is offered through the National Council for Therapeutic Recreation Certification (NCTRC). This is a nationally recognized organization for the field. Applicants for certification must meet educational standards to be eligible to sit for the national examination. This is a voluntary credentialing program, but is required in most professional Therapeutic Recreation jobs. Several states require state licensure or certification beyond the national credential. Job Duties Persons employed as Therapeutic Recreation Specialists work towards the independent leisure functioning of persons with a wide variety of disabling conditions including physical, mental, social, and emotional. They facilitate a holistic process of treatment to bring clients through a continuum of leisure proficiency. The Therapeutic Recreation professional provides individual therapy, leisure education, community integration, leisure values clarification and the opportunity to participate in quality leisure activities. It is intended that through the acquisition of leisure skills that a person can experience a higher quality of life and independent functioning. Placement Opportunities Therapeutic Recreation Specialists are employed in a variety of rehabilitation and community settings including Municipal Park and Recreation Departments, Psychiatric or Head Injury Treatment Centers, Correctional Facilities, Camps, State Institutions, public and private Comprehensive Rehabilitation Centers, Community Mental Health Centers and Independent Living Facilities. Salary Ranges Starting salaries for Therapeutic Recreation Specialists typically range from $23,000 to $25,000 per year. Additional Information Sources Rehabilitation CounselingNational Council on Rehabilitation Education Department of Special Education Utah State University Logan, UT 84322-2870 801-750-3241 Rehabilitation of the BlindAssociation for Education & Rehabilitation of the Blind & visually Impaired (AER) 206 N. Washington St., Suite 320 Alexandria, VA 22314-2528 703-548-1884 Rehabilitation AdministrationNational Rehabilitation Association (NRA) ATTN: National Rehabilitation Administration Association (NRAA) 1910 Association Drive, Suite 205 Reston, VA 22091 703-715-9090 Rehabilitation Engineering RESNA National Office, Suite 700 1101 Connecticut Avenue, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20036-4303 202-857-1199 Rehabilitation of the DeafChief Deafness and Communicative Disorders Branch Office of Program Operations Rehabilitation Services Administration, OSERS U.S. Department of Education, MES Building 330 "C" Street S.W Washington, D.C. 202-732-1322 Undergraduate Rehabilitation EducationNational Council on Rehab. Education Department of Special Education Utah State University Logan, Utah 84322-2870 801-750-3241 Rehabilitation Facility AdministrationNational Association of Rehabilitation Facilities (NARF) P. O. Box 17675 Washington, D.C. 20041 (703) 648-9300 Vocational Evaluation and Work AdjustmentNational Association of Rehabilitation Facilities (NARF) P. O. Box 17675 Washington, D.C. 20041 (703) 648-9300 Rehabilitation Facilities and Workshop PersonnelNational Association of Rehabilitation Facilities (NARF) P. O. Box 17675 Washington, D.C. 20041 (703) 648-9300 Job Placement Specialist Job Placement Division National Rehabilitation Association 1910 Association Drive, Suite 205 Reston, VA 22091-1502 703-715-9090 Physical Therapy American Physical Therapy Association (APTA) 1111 North Fairfax St. Alexandria, VA 22314 1-800-999-2782 or 703-684-2782 Rehabilitation Medicine American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 122 South Michigan Avenue, Suite 1300 Chicago, IL 60603-6107 312-922-9366 Supported EmploymentAssociation for Persons in Supported Employment (APSE) 5001 West Broad Street, Suite 34 Richmond, VA 23230 804-282-3655 Rehabilitation Psychology American Psychological Association (APA) 750 First Street, N.E. Washington D.C. 20002-4242 202-336-5500 Occupational TherapyThe American Occupational Therapy Association, Inc 1383 Piccard Drive Rockville, MD 20849-1725 301-948-9626 Speech Pathology/AudiologyAmerican Speech & Hearing Association (ASHA) 10801 Rockville Pike Rockville, MD 20852 1-800-638-6868 or 301-897-5700 Rehabilitation NursingThe Association of Rehabilitation Nurses (ARN) 5700 Old Orchard Road First Floor Skokie, IL 60077-1024 708-966-3433 Independent Living National Council on Independent Living Troy Atrium 4th Street and Broadway Troy, NY 12180 518-274-1979 Client Assistance Programs National Association of Protection and Advocacy Systems (NAPAS) 900 Second Street, N.E., Suite 211 Washington, D.C. 20002 202-408-9514 Prosthetics-Orthotics National Orthotic and Prosthetic Association 1650 King Street, Suite 500 Alexandria, VA 22314 703-836-7114 Therapeutic Recreation National Council for Therapeutic Recreation Certification (NCTRC) 49 South Main Street, Suite 001 Spring Valley, NY 10977 914-356-9660 RSA Regional Offices REGION I Connecticut Maine Massachusetts New Hampshire Rhode Island Vermont RSA Regional Commissioner (617) 223-4085 Dept. of Education, OSERS TDD: (617) 223-4097 J.W. McCormack Post Office and Court House, Rm. 232 Boston, MA 02109 REGION II New Jersey New York Puerto Rico Virgin Island RSA Regional Commissioner (212) 264-4015 Dept. of Education, OSERS TDD: (212) 264-4016 26 Federal Plaza, Room 1239 New York, New York 10278 REGION III Delaware District of Columbia Maryland Pennsylvania Virginia West Virginia RSA Regional Commissioner (215) 596-0317 Dept. of Education, OSERS TDD: (215) 596-0269 3535 Market St., Rm 16120 Philadelphia, PA 19104 REGION IV Alabama Florida Georgia Kentucky Mississippi N. Carolina S. Carolina Tennessee RSA Regional Commissioner (404) 331-2352 Dept. of Education, OSERS TDD: (404) 331-0530 101 Marietta St., N.W., Suite 2210, P.O. Box 1691 Atlanta, GA 30301 REGION V Illinois Indiana Michigan Minnesota Ohio Wisconsin RSA Regional Commissioner (312) 886-5360 Dept. of Education, OSERS TDD: (312) 353-9694 410 South State St., Suite 700E Chicago, IL 60605-1202 REGION VI Arkansas Louisiana New Mexico Oklahoma Texas RSA Regional Commissioner (214) 767-2961 Dept. of Education, OSERS TDD: (214) 729-2961 1200 Main Tower Bldg., Rm. 2140 Dallas, TX 75202 REGION VII Iowa Kansas Missouri Nebraska RSA Regional Commissioner (816) 891-8015 Dept. of Education, OSERS TDD: (816) 374-6917 10220 N. Executive Hills Blvd. Kansas City, MO 64153-1367 REGION VIII Colorado Montana N. Dakota S. Dakota Utah Wyoming RSA Regional Commissioner (303) 844-2135 Dept. of Education, OSERS TDD: (303) 844-2890 Federal Office Bldg. Suite 310 1244 Speer Boulevard Denver, CO 80204-3582 REGION IX American Samoa Arizona California CNMI Guam Hawaii Nevada Palau RSA Regional Commissioner (415) 556-7333 Dept. of Education, OSERS TDD: (415) 556-3634 Federal Office Bldg., Room 215 50 United Nations Plaza San Francisco, CA 94102 REGION X Alaska Idaho Oregon Washington RSA Regional Commissioner (206) 553-5331 Dept. of Education, OSERS TDD: (206) 399-6434 915 Second Avenue, Room 3390 Seattle, WA 98174-1099 The Regional Rehabilitation Continuing Education Program (RRCEP), University of Arkansas, is supported, in part, through funding from the Rehabilitation Services Administration (RSA) Training Program. Region VI Rehabilitation Continuing Education Program Post Office Box 1358, Bldg #35 Hot Springs, Arkansas 71902 (501) 624-4411 ext. 315 (501) 624-6250 (fax) All programs administered by and services provided by the Regional Rehabilitation Continuing Education Program are rendered on a non-discriminatory basis without regard to handicap, race, creed, color, sex, or national origin in compliance with Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. All applicants for program participation have a right to file complaints and to appeal according to regulations governing this principle. ----------