English to Phoneme Translation Rules

**** Special symbols ****

     #   One or more vowels [AEIOUY]
     +   One of E, I, Y: a front vowel
     :   Zero or more consonants [BCDFGHJKLMNPQRSTVWXZ]
     ^   One consonant
     .   One of B, V, D, G, J, L, M, N, R, W, Z: a voiced consonant
     %   One of ER, E, ES, ED, ING, ELY: a suffix
     &   One of S, C, G, Z, X, J, CH, SH: a siblant
     @   One of T, S, R, D, L, Z, N, J, TH, CH, SH:
         a consonant influencing following u

**** A rules ****

  1  //A/ / = 'UH'
  2  / /ARE/ / = 'AH-R'
  3  / /AR/O/ = 'UH-R'
  4  //AR/#/ = 'EH-R'
  5  / ^/AS/#/ = 'EY-S'
  6  //A/WA/ = 'UH'
  7  //AW// = 'AW'
  8  / :/ANY// = 'EH-N-EE'
  9  //A/^+#/ = 'EY'
 10  /#:/ALLY// = 'UH-L-EE'
 11  / /AL/#/ = 'UH-L'
 12  //AGAIN// = 'UH-G-EH-N'
 13  /#:/AG/E/ = 'IH-J'
 14  //A/^+:#/ = 'AE'
 15  //A/X/ = 'AE'
 16  / :/A/^+/ = 'EY'
 17  / /ARR// = 'UH-R'
 18  //ARR// = 'AE-R'
 19  / :/AR// = 'AH-R'
 20  //AR/ / = 'ER'
 21  //AR// = 'AH-R'
 22  //AIR// = 'EH-R'
 23  //AI// = 'EY'
 24  //AY// = 'EY'
 25  //AU// = 'AW'
 26  /#:/AL/ / = 'UH-L'
 27  /#:/ALS/ / = 'UH-L-Z'
 28  //ALK// = 'AW-K'
 29  / C/ALF// = 'AE-F'
 30  / H/ALF// = 'AE-F'
 31  //AL/^/ = 'AW-L'
 32  / :/ABLE// = 'EY-B-UH-L'
 33  //ABLE// = 'UH-B-UH-L'
 34  //ANG/+/ = 'EY-N-J'
 35  / C/ATHE/ / = 'AE-TH-EE'
 36  /F/ATHER// = 'AH-DH-ER'
 37  / /A/BOUT/ = 'UH'
 38  /#^:/A/^% / = 'EY'
 39  / W/A/NT / = 'UH'
 40  / W/A/NTS / = 'UH'
 41  //A// = 'AE'

**** B rules ****

  1  / /BE/^#/ = 'BB-IH'
  2  //BEING// = 'BB-EE-IH-NG'
  3  / /BOTH/ / = 'BB-OH-TH'
  4  / /BUS/#/ = 'BB-IH-Z'
  5  //BUIL// = 'BB-IH-L'
  6  /Y/BE/ / = 'B-EE'
  7  /#/B// = 'B'
  8  //B/#/ = 'BB'
  9  //BB// = 'BB'
 10  / /B// = 'BB'
 11  //B// = 'B'

**** C rules ****

  1  / /CH/^/ = 'K'
  2  /^E/CH// = 'K'
  3  //CH// = 'CH'
  4  / S/CI/#/ = 'S-AY'
  5  //CI/A/ = 'SH'
  6  //CI/O/ = 'SH'
  7  //CI/EN/ = 'SH'
  8  //C/+/ = 'S'
  9  //CK// = 'K'
 10  //COM/% / = 'K-UH-M'
 11  //C// = 'K'

**** D rules ****

  1  /#:/DED/ / = 'DD-IH-D'
  2  /.E/D/ / = 'D'
  3  /#^:E/D/ / = 'T'
  4  / /DE/^#/ = 'DD-IH'
  5  / /DO/ / = 'DD-OO'
  6  / /DOES// = 'DD-UH-Z'
  7  / /DOING// = 'DD-OO-IH-NG'
  8  / /DOW// = 'DD-OW'
  9  //DU/A/ = 'J-OO'
 10  /D/D// = ''
 11  //D/#/ = 'DD'
 12  / /DR/ / = 'DD-AH-K-T-ER'
 13  //D// = 'D'

**** E rules ****

  1  /#:/E/ / = ''
  2  /'^:/E/ / = ''
  3  / :/E/ / = 'EE'
  4  / :/E/'/ = 'EE'
  5  /^R/ED/ / = 'EH-D'
  6  /#/ED/ / = 'D'
  7  /#:/E/D / = ''
  8  //EV/ER/ = 'EH-V'
  9  / EL/EVEN// = 'EH-V-EH-N'
 10  / S/EVEN// = 'EH-V-EH-N'
 11  / /EVIL// = 'EE-V-IH-L'
 12  //E/^% / = 'EE'
 13  //E/^ES / = 'EE'
 14  //E/PH% / = 'EE'
 15  //ERI/#/ = 'EE-R-EE'
 16  /#:/ER/#/ = 'ER'
 17  //ER/#/ = 'EH-R'
 18  //ER// = 'ER'
 19  / /EVEN// = 'EE-V-EH-N'
 20  / ST/EPHEN// = 'EE-F-EH-N'
 21  /#:/E/W/ = ''
 22  /@/EW// = 'OO'
 23  //EW// = 'Y-OO'
 24  //E/O/ = 'EE'
 25  /#:&/ES/ / = 'IH-Z'
 26  /#:/E/S / = ''
 27  /#:/ELY// = 'L-EE'
 28  /#:/EMENT// = 'M-EH-N-T'
 29  //EFUL// = 'F-U-L'
 30  //EE// = 'EE'
 31  //EARN// = 'ER-N'
 32  / /EAR/^/ = 'ER'
 33  / R/EAD/ / = 'EE-D'
 34  /L/EAD/ / = 'EE-D'
 35  //EAD// = 'EH-D'
 36  /#:/EA/ / = 'EE-UH'
 37  //EA/SU/ = 'EH'
 38  /W/EA/R/ = 'EH'
 39  /D/EA/TH/ = 'EH'
 40  / H/EA/RT / = 'AH'
 41  //EA// = 'EE'
 42  / H/EIGH// = 'AY'
 43  //EIGH// = 'EY'
 44  / /EI/GEN/ = 'AY'
 45  //EI// = 'EE'
 46  / /EYE// = 'AY'
 47  //EY// = 'EE'
 48  //EU// = 'Y-OO'
 49  / /ETHER// = 'EE-TH-ER'
 50  / /E/DEN / = 'EE'
 51  //E// = 'EH'

**** F rules ****

  1  //FUL// = 'F-U-L'
  2  /F/F// = ''
  3  //F// = 'F'

**** G rules ****

  1  //GIV// = 'GG-IH-V'
  2  / /G/I^/ = 'GG'
  3  //GE/T/ = 'GG-EH'
  4  /SU/GGES// = 'G-J-EH-SS'
  5  //GG// = 'GG'
  6  / B#/G// = 'G'
  7  //GE/OR/ = 'J'
  8  //G/+/ = 'J'
  9  //GREAT// = 'G-R-EY-T'
 10  /#/GH// = ''
 11  /#/G// = 'G'
 12  //G/#/ = 'GG'
 13  //G// = 'G'

**** H rules ****

  1  / /HAV// = 'H-AE-V'
  2  / /HERE// = 'H-EE-R'
  3  / /HOUR// = 'OW-ER'
  4  //HOW// = 'H-OW'
  5  //H/#/ = 'H'
  6  //H// = ''

**** I rules ****

  1  / /IN// = 'IH-N'
  2  / /I/ / = 'AY'
  3  / /I/'/ = 'AY'
  4  //IN/D/ = 'AY-N'
  5  //IER// = 'EE-ER'
  6  /#:R/IED// = 'EE-D'
  7  //IED/ / = 'AY-D'
  8  //IEN// = 'EE-EH-N'
  9  //IE/T/ = 'AY-EH'
 10  / :/I/% / = 'AY'
 11  //I/% / = 'EE'
 12  //IE// = 'EE'
 13  /N/INE// = 'AY-N'
 14  /T/IME// = 'AY-M'
 15  /T/IVE/ / = 'IH-V'
 16  //I/^+:#/ = 'IH'
 17  //IR/#/ = 'AY-R'
 18  //IS/% / = 'AY-S'
 19  //IX/% / = 'IH-K-S'
 20  //IZ/% / = 'AY-Z'
 21  //I/D% / = 'AY'
 22  /+^/I/^+/ = 'IH'
 23  //I/T% / = 'AY'
 24  /#PL/I/NE / = 'IH'
 25  /#^:/I/^% / = 'AY'
 26  /^/IFY/ / = 'IH-F-AY'
 27  /#^:/I/^+/ = 'IH'
 28  /C/I/TY/ = 'IH'
 29  //I/^+/ = 'AY'
 30  //I/DAY/ = 'AY'
 31  /V/IO/L/ = 'AY-OH'
 32  //IR// = 'ER'
 33  //IGH// = 'AY'
 34  //ILD// = 'AY-L-D'
 35  //IGN/ / = 'AY-N'
 36  //IGN/^/ = 'AY-N'
 37  //IGN/% / = 'AY-N'
 38  //IQUE// = 'EE-K'
 39  //ILLION/ / = 'IH-L-Y-UH-N'
 40  //I// = 'IH'

**** J rules ****

  1  / /J// = 'JJ'
  2  //J// = 'J'

**** K rules ****

  1  //K/NESS/ = 'K'
  2  //K/N/ = ''
  3  //K// = 'K'

**** L rules ****

  1  //LO/C#/ = 'L-OH'
  2  /L/L// = ''
  3  /#^:/L/% / = 'UH-L'
  4  / /LAUGH// = 'L-AE-F'
  5  / /LIV// = 'L-IH-V'
  6  /L/L// = ''
  7  //L// = 'L'

**** M rules ****

  1  //MOV// = 'MM-OO-V'
  2  /#/M// = 'M'
  3  / /MACHIN/#/ = 'MM-UH-SH-EE-N'
  4  //M/#/ = 'MM'
  5  / /MC/^/ = 'MM-UH-K'
  6  / /MR/ / = 'MM-IH-S-T-ER'
  7  //MM// = 'MM'
  8  / /M// = 'MM'
  9  //M// = 'M'

**** N rules ****

  1  /E/NG/+/ = 'N-J'
  2  //NG/R/ = 'NG'
  3  //NG/#/ = 'NG'
  4  //NGL/% / = 'NG-UH-L'
  5  //NG// = 'NG'
  6  //NK// = 'NG-K'
  7  / /NOW/ / = 'NN-OW'
  8  //N/E / = 'N'
  9  //N/ES / = 'N'
 10  //N/#/ = 'NN'
 11  /N/N// = ''
 12  //N// = 'N'

**** O rules ****

  1  //OF/ / = 'UH-V'
  2  //OROUGH// = 'ER-OH'
  3  / F/OR/TY/ = 'OR'
  4  /#:/OR/ / = 'ER'
  5  /#:/ORS/ / = 'ER-Z'
  6  //OR// = 'OR'
  7  / /ONE// = 'W-UH-N'
  8  //OW/EL/ = 'OW'
  9  //OW// = 'OH'
 10  / /OVER// = 'OH-V-ER'
 11  //OV// = 'UH-V'
 12  //O/^% / = 'OH'
 13  //O/^ES / = 'OH'
 14  //O/^EN/ = 'OH'
 15  //O/^I#/ = 'OH'
 16  //OL/D/ = 'OH-L'
 17  //OUGHT// = 'AH-T'
 18  //OUGH// = 'UH-F'
 19  / /OU/^L/ = 'UH'
 20  / /OU// = 'OW'
 21  /H/OU/S#/ = 'OW'
 22  //OUS// = 'UH-S'
 23  / F/OUR// = 'OR'
 24  //OUR// = 'OW-R'
 25  /CL/OUD// = 'OW-D'
 26  //OUD// = 'U-D'
 27  //OUP// = 'OO-P'
 28  / ^:/OULD/ER / = 'OH-L-D'
 29  / C/OULD// = 'U-D'
 30  /SH/OULD// = 'U-D'
 31  / W/OULD// = 'U-D'
 32  //OU// = 'OW'
 33  //OY// = 'OY'
 34  //OING// = 'OH-IH-NG'
 35  //OI// = 'OY'
 36  //OOR// = 'OR'
 37  //OOK// = 'U-K'
 38  //OOD// = 'U-D'
 39  //OO// = 'OO'
 40  /SH/OE// = 'OO'
 41  //O/E/ = 'OH'
 42  //O/ / = 'OH'
 43  //OA/ / = 'OH'
 44  / /ONLY// = 'OH-N-L-EE'
 45  / /ONCE// = 'W-UH-N-S'
 46  //ON'T/ / = 'OH-N-T'
 47  /C/O/N/ = 'AH'
 48  //O/NG/ = 'AH'
 49  /^:/O/N/ = 'UH'
 50  /I/ON// = 'UH-N'
 51  /#:/ON/ / = 'UH-N'
 52  /#^/ON// = 'UH-N'
 53  //O/ST / = 'OH'
 54  //OF/^/ = 'AW-F'
 55  //OTHER// = 'UH-TH-ER'
 56  //OSS/ / = 'AW-S'
 57  /#^:/OM/ / = 'UH-M'
 58  //OA// = 'OH'
 59  //O// = 'AH'

**** P rules ****

  1  //PH// = 'F'
  2  //PEOP// = 'P-EE-P'
  3  //POW// = 'P-OW'
  4  //PUT/ / = 'P-U-T'
  5  //PPLY/ / = 'P-L-AY'
  6  /P/P// = ''
  7  //P// = 'P'

**** Q rules ****

  1  //QUAR// = 'K-W-OR'
  2  //QU// = 'K-W'
  3  //Q// = 'K'

**** R rules ****

  1  / /RE/^#/ = 'R-EE'
  2  /C/REA/T/ = 'R-EE-EY'
  3  /R/R// = ''
  4  //R// = 'R'

**** S rules ****

  1  //SH// = 'SH'
  2  /#/SION// = 'ZH-UH-N'
  3  //SOME// = 'S-AH-M'
  4  /#/SUR/#/ = 'ZH-ER'
  5  //SUR/#/ = 'SH-ER'
  6  /#/SU/#/ = 'ZH-OO'
  7  /#/SSU/#/ = 'SH-OO'
  8  /#/SED/ / = 'Z-D'
  9  /#/S/#/ = 'Z'
 10  //SAID// = 'S-EH-D'
 11  /^/SION// = 'SH-UH-N'
 12  /S/S// = ''
 13  /./S/ / = 'Z'
 14  /#:.E/S/ / = 'Z'
 15  /#^:##/S/ / = 'Z'
 16  /#^:#/S/ / = 'S'
 17  /U/S/ / = 'S'
 18  / :#/S/ / = 'Z'
 19  / /SCH// = 'S-K'
 20  //S/C+/ = ''
 21  /#/SM// = 'Z-M'
 22  /#/SN/ / = 'Z-UH-N'
 23  //S// = 'S'

**** T rules ****

  1  / /THE/ / = 'DH-UH'
  2  //TO/ / = 'T-OO'
  3  //TO/.%/ = 'T-OH'
  4  //TO/.#/ = 'T-OO'
  5  //THAT// = 'DH-AE-T'
  6  / /THIS/ / = 'DH-IH-S'
  7  / /THEY// = 'DH-EY'
  8  / /THERE// = 'DH-EH-R'
  9  //THER// = 'DH-ER'
 10  //THEIR// = 'DH-EH-R'
 11  / /THAN/ / = 'DH-AE-N'
 12  / /THEM/ / = 'DH-EH-M'
 13  //THESE/ / = 'DH-EE-Z'
 14  / /THEN// = 'DH-EH-N'
 15  //THROUGH// = 'DH-R-OO'
 16  //THOSE// = 'DH-OH-Z'
 17  //THOUGH/ / = 'DH-OH'
 18  / /THUS// = 'DH-UH-S'
 19  //TH// = 'TH'
 20  /#:/TED/ / = 'T-IH-D'
 21  /S/TI/#N/ = 'CH'
 22  //TI/O/ = 'SH'
 23  //TI/A/ = 'T'
 24  //TIEN// = 'SH-UH-N'
 25  //TUR/#/ = 'CH-ER'
 26  //TU/A/ = 'CH-OO'
 27  / /TWO// = 'T-OO'
 28  /T/T// = ''
 29  //T// = 'T'

**** U rules ****

  1  / /UN/I/ = 'Y-OO-N'
  2  / /UN// = 'UH-N'
  3  / /UPON// = 'UH-P-AW-N'
  4  /@/UR/#/ = 'ER'
  5  //UR/#/ = 'Y-ER'
  6  //UR// = 'ER'
  7  /TR/U/TH/ = 'OO'
  8  //U/^ / = 'UH'
  9  //U/^^/ = 'UH'
 10  //UY// = 'AY'
 11  / G/U/#/ = ''
 12  /G/U/% / = ''
 13  /G/U/#/ = 'W'
 14  /#N/U// = 'Y-OO'
 15  /@/UI// = 'OO'
 16  /@/U// = 'OO'
 17  //U// = 'Y-OO'

**** V rules ****

  1  //VIEW// = 'V-Y-OO'
  2  //V// = 'V'

**** W rules ****

  1  / /WERE// = 'W-ER'
  2  //WA/S/ = 'W-AH'
  3  //WA/T/ = 'W-AH'
  4  //WHERE// = 'WH-EH-R'
  5  //WHAT// = 'WH-AH-T'
  6  //WHOL// = 'H-OH-L'
  7  //WHO// = 'H-OO'
  8  //WH// = 'WH'
  9  //WAR// = 'W-OR'
 10  //WOR// = 'W-ER'
 11  //WR// = 'R'
 12  //WO/MEN/ = 'W-IH'
 13  //W// = 'W'

**** X rules ****

  1  //X// = 'K-S'

**** Y rules ****

  1  //YOUNG// = 'Y-UH-NG'
  2  / /YOU// = 'Y-OO'
  3  / /YES// = 'Y-EH-S'
  4  / /Y// = 'Y'
  5  /#^:/Y/ / = 'EE'
  6  /#^:/Y/I/ = 'EE'
  7  / :/Y/ / = 'AY'
  8  / :/Y/#/ = 'AY'
  9  / :/Y/^+:#/ = 'IH'
 10  / :/Y/^#/ = 'AY'
 11  //Y// = 'IH'

**** Z rules ****

  1  //ZZ// = 'T-Z'
  2  //Z// = 'Z'

**** Misc. rules ****

  1  //'// = ' '
  2  //,/ / = '        '
  3  //./ / = '                '
  4  //;/ / = '                '
  5  //:/ / = '                '
  6  //!/ / = '                '
  7  //?/ / = '                '
  8  //&// = 'AE-N-D'
  9  //@// = 'AE-T'
 10  //+// = 'P-L-UH-S'
 11  //=// = 'EE-K-W-AH-L-S'
 12  // // = ' '