ZOOM þÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍþ ADMINISTRATOR'S GUIDE TO ZOOM VERSION 2.3 (c) Copyright 1992 by ATI. All Rights Reserved. October 1992 þÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍþ Notes If you create stacks that may be of interest to others, you are free to market them. However, we would like to obtain a copy of it as well. If we like your stack and include it with Zoom for distribution, we will also give you a free registration. Disclaimer ATI hereby disclaims all warranties relating to this software, whether expressed or implied, including without limitation any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. ATI will not be liable for any special, incidental, consequential, indirect or similar damages due to loss of data or any other reason, even if ATI or an agent of ATI has been advised of the possibility of such damages. For technical assistance, contact: Alternative Technologies, Inc. MIT Branch P.O. Box 118 Cambridge, MA 02139 USA Phone: 1-617-742-5161 FAX: 1-617-253-2514 email: ati@hotstuff.mit.edu The Zoom software has been produced with the assistance of the World Health Organization and the E.M. Clark Foundation. Trademark Acknowledgments All terms mentioned in this Guide that are known to be trademarks or service marks are listed below. dBASE III is a registered trademark of Ashton-Tate. Hercules is a registered trademark of Hercules Computer Technology. IBM, PC-DOS, PC-AT, PC-XT, and PS/2 are all registered trademarks of International Business Machines, Inc. Lotus is a registered trademark of Lotus Development Corp. MS-DOS is a registered trademark of Microsoft, Inc. MultiMate is a registered trademark of Ashton-Tate. PC Paintbrush is a registered trademark of Z-Soft Corporation. ScanJet Plus is a registered trademark of Hewlett-Packard Corporation. Wordperfect is a registered trademark of WordPerfect Corporation. WordStar is a registered trademark of MicroPro International Corporation. 1. Introduction Zoom is a computer software package for IBM-PC and compatible computers capable of organizing and presenting ideas. Zoom enables the user to search through the stacks (database) using the concepts of Index and Key Words. Zoom is easy to use and requires only a basic hardware and software configuration. In addition, Zoom stacks are easy to create, and has the capability to interact with the user in English, French, Spanish and Portuguese (planned). 1.1 Computer Hardware Requirements Zoom is designed to run on IBM PC, XT, AT and PS/2 computers and compatibles with at least 512 KB of RAM. A hard disk is highly recommended. If a mouse is installed, Zoom will use it. A color monitor is a plus, but it is not required. If the information consists only of text, then there are no additional hardware requirements. If the information consists of text and pictures, a graphics adapter is required. Zoom supports all graphics modes up to and including VGA. (The current version of Zoom, version 2.3, supports all the graphics modes, but the images will be distorted on CGA and HGA.) If images need to be scanned, a scanner such as a Hewlett-Packard ScanJet Plus is required. 1.2 Computer Software Requirements Zoom requires PC/MS-DOS Version 3.0 or higher. A text editor, capable of writing ASCII format, is required to enter the text information and establish links. Popular word processors, such as WordStar or WordPerfect, are ideal for this purpose. If pictorial information are required, a paint software package capable of manipulating PCX image format, such as PC PaintBrush by ZSoft Corporation, Maretta, GA 30067, USA (404) 428-0008, is required. Zoom reads the PCX image format. For database files, any program that can write DBF files is acceptable. For spreadsheets, any program that can write WKS files is acceptable. 1.3 Structure and Organization Zoom allows the organization of text and pictures into a logical, inter- connected structure. Information is linked using key words and through an index file. The Index file is also an ASCII file, modifiable by the administrator. The Index file will be talked about in more detail later in the manual. The basic unit of information in Zoom is the slide. A slide consists of a screen of graphical or textual information. Zoom utilizes what is called a virtual screen. A virtual screen allows the displaying of images larger than the size of the monitor. The computer monitor works like a window looking into a larger piece of image, allowing the user to scroll through the entire image. The actual size of the window is dependent on the type of graphics adapter used. Usually, a piece of information will consist of several connected text and graphic slides. Connection are made by linking the slides through the use of branches. These concepts will be explained later on. Next level of organization is the chapter. A chapter is formed by grouping a set of slides together. Thus, a chapter can consist of both text and pictures. Chapters are different from branches mainly in the size and the heterogeneity of the material contained. For example, a branch may consist of a discussion on apple seeds. However, a chapter may discuss fruits in general. Apple seeds branch will then be a subset of the Fruits chapter. Zoom can handle up to 300 chapters, each with up to 300 slides. The total number of slides that a Zoom stack can hold is 300 x 300 or 90,000. In addition to the organization of material, Zoom assigns a level of priority for each slide. This will determine how a slide is displayed. The slides that the administrator feels are essential are called Slides and the slides which contain information that may be too detailed or may be of little interest to most readers are called Subslides. When the user selects Run command from the menu, Zoom sequences through series of Slides which make up the body of information. If the user desires more detailed information on a particular topic, it is possible to branch off to a related set of slides. These related slides will consist of both Slides and Subslides. The user moves from topic to topic by using the concept of link. A link is a relationship between different slides established by the administrator through the use of the index file. A slide can point to a number of other slides and in turn may be pointed to by other slides. Through the use of function keys, the user can jump between various topics and return to the starting point at any time. 1.3.1 The Slide As mentioned previously Zoom partitions the information into basic units of slides. There are two types of slides - @Slides and @SubSlides. @Slides make up the core sequence, and may include more basic material. Therefore, when the user begins Zoom, the user is usually led through a sequence of slides made up of @Slides. @SubSlides may contain more detailed information about a particular subject matter which is available to the user only through a link from another @Slide or @SubSlide. @SubSlide is not shown if the user selects the automatic mode. For example, a chapter contains a set of slides, both @Slide and @SubSlide. The core material is made up only of @Slides. Therefore, if the user does not branch off to other subjects by using Key words or Index, the user will only view the @Slides. Each @Slide can be linked to @SubSlides or @Slides. The following diagram is used to illustrate this point - S represents @Slides and SS represents @SubSlides. Slide 1 2 3 4 5 6 SÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍSÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍSÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍSÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍSÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍS   ³  ³ SSÄÄÄÄÄÄÄSSÄÄÄÄÄÄSSÄÄÄÄÄÄSS ³  SSÄÄÄÄÄÄÄSSÄÄÄÄÄÄÄSSÄÄÄÄÄÄSS   SSÄÄÄÄÄÄÄSSÄÄÄÄÄÄSS   SSÄÄÄÄÄÄS(6) Fig. 1 - Slide link tree The level of references (linking) may be very complicated or very simple. It is up to the administrator to create those links. Only a very simple example has been used to illustrate the linking concept. As can be seen on Figure 1, @Slides can be linked to @SubSlides or other @Slides. @SubSlides can also be linked to @Slides and other @SubSlides. When a user begins Zoom in automatic mode (by selecting Run command from the menu), the first slide of chapter 1 is shown (refer to Fig. 1). By using the Page Down key or the Next menu command, the following slide, Slide 2, is shown. The user can, at any point, view the previous slide by using the Page Up key or the Previous menu command. If there are no previous or following slides, Zoom notifies the user of the proper action to take. In addition to viewing the core slides, the user can view the SubSlides (SS in Fig. 1) by branching from the core slides. In Figure 1, two sets of SubSlides are linked to Slides 2 and 3. A key word provides the link to other Slides and SubSlides. A set of key words can be associated with each Slide or SubSlide and is available to the user from the Key words menu command. The user can select one of the key words from the key words menu and branch to the slides which are linked to the key word. There can be up to 20 key words per slide, and the maximum length of the key words is 46 characters, including the "hide character ^". The Index file can be considered as a road map used by Zoom. The index file contains the links for all the key words in all the chapters of a Zoom stack. When the user selects a key word from the Key word menu, Zoom searches the index file and locates the links and loads the proper sequence of slides. The Index is available to the user at any point during the program from the Index menu command. Since the Index file contains all the key words from all the slides, the user can branch to any slide on any chapter. 1.3.2 The Chapter A chapter contains the text information and the commands used by Zoom to display the information. There are several commands used by Zoom to determine, for example, to display text in a window on the screen, to change the color of the text and to control the duration of pause at the end of each text line. A chapter may hold up to 300 slides, and there may be up to 300 chapters per stack. 2. The Formation of Slides and SubSlides The interaction of Zoom with the stack file is analogous to the interaction between say a BASIC program and a BASIC interpreter. Zoom reads each line in the stack and looks for commands which tell it how to display the information. The commands are, however, much simpler than any programming language. All commands begin with an '@' and take an argument, followed by an open bracket '[', the text, and an close bracket ']'. For example, the command that tells Zoom to display a phrase in red looks as follows: @red[This text will be printed in red.] The commands can be placed in any position in the text. Zoom will not show the command or brackets when displaying on the computer screen or printing. In this example, only the sentence This text will be printed in red. will appear on the screen (in red). A command cannot occur within another command. 2.1 The Text Slide A chapter is divided up into slides using the '@Slide[ ]' command. Each slide must have a unique label that is no longer than 12 characters (any characters beyond 12 will be ignored). Since the key words and the index use the slide label to identify each slide in a stack, each label must be unique among the entire stack (all the slides in all the chapters). For example, the first slide in the Middle Ages chapter, may look like: @Slide[FirstSlide-TEXT-] This is the text in the first slide on the Middle Ages. The Middle Ages were neither high, nor low; they were in the middle. In general, a text slide can have up to 21 lines of text. However, if a slide is longer than 21 lines, Zoom will allow the user to scroll the rest of the text on the screen. The first argument after the @Slide command, 'FirstSlide', is the slide label. No other slide can have 'FirstSlide' as its label. Zoom is case insensitive - FirstSlide is same as firstslide or FIRSTSLIDE. However, for ease of comprehension, mixed upper and lower case letters should be used. The slide label can be up to 12 characters long, including the "hide character". The second argument, 'Text', tells Zoom that this is a text slide and to print the information on the screen. The dashes, '-', are essential and are used to separate arguments. The arguments are also case insensitive. Suppose that in the second slide we wish to give the user the freedom to look at a certain topic in greater detail. We must, then, provide key words for the slide. A key word points to an entry in the index file which contains a sequence of Slides or SubSlides that can explain in greater detail the selected key word. It is up to the author to determine how links are established. Do not confuse key words with slide labels. A slide label is the name of a particular slide. It is how a slide is identified by Zoom. A key word, on the other hand, is used by Zoom to establish links between slides. It is done through the index file. A typical line in the Index file may look like this: Industrial revolution^One-IndustAge1-IndustAge2-Machines- Industrial revolution^One is the key word and IndustAge1, IndustAge2, Machines are slide labels. The "hide" character (^) allows you to have multiple index entries that appear to be the same entries to the user. Characters after the hide character is not displayed on the screen, but Zoom will use it to identify the link. In this case, the user will see only Industrial revolution on the screen but Zoom will consider the entry to be Industrial revolution^One. This is useful if you need to have several of the same entries in the index. The following example explains this concept further. Industrial revolution^One-IndustAge1-IndustAge2-Machines- Industrial revolution^Two-NotClean1-NotClean2- In this example, the author wanted to have sub-index headings in two different places that is called Industrial revolution. Each of the index entries has its own list of slides to display. To the user, only the phrase Industrial revolution will be displayed. But Zoom will use the hide character and the characters after it to identify them as unique entries. If Industrial revolution^One was selected from the key word menu or from the index, the three slides called IndustAge1, IndustAge2, Machines will be lined up in the sequence to be viewed by the user. At the end of the third slide, Machines in this case, Zoom will tell the user that the end of the sequence for Industrial revolution^One was reached and that the user can press either F2 or F4 key to get back to where they were before. It will be explained a little later in detail how one makes the link between key words and the corresponding slides. For now the second slide with links to such topics as 'Aristocracy', 'Clergy', and 'Peasants' may look like this: @Slide[SecondSlide-Text-Aristocracy-Clergy-Peasants-] Life in the Middle ages was very difficult, especially if you were a peasant. Life was much better if you were a member of the clergy, but life was the best if you were part of the aristocracy. Note that the first two arguments after the @Slide command are the slide label and the slide type. The remaining arguments are the key words for this slide. A slide can have up to 20 key words and the key words can be up to 46 characters long, including the hide character ("^"). A key word can be a combination of words, spaces, and extended ASCII characters. However, a dash ('-') or brackets ('[]') are not allowed. The key words thus defined will appear under the Key words menu choice. If a key words is selected, Zoom displays the referenced slides on the screen. The other kind of slide, SubSlide, is used in a manner similar to the Slide, except the SubSlide is accessible only through links. Therefore, SubSlide is suitable for information that may be very detailed and may not be of interest to the majority of the users. An example of the SubSlide is as follows. @SubSlide[DetailedInfo-Text-] With the advance of the plow, made by @red[Jethro Tull], crop production during the Middle Ages increased tenfold. This particular SubSlide, DetailedInfo, can only be accessed through references from other Slides and SubSlides. The links are formed through the use of index file. In the SubSlide 'DetailedInfo', we have also used the color command to make 'Jethro Tull' stand out. Zoom can display different combination of foreground and background colors. Zoom will let you select same the foreground and background colors, so you have to make sure that the color combinations are visually acceptable. The following is a list of color commands available in Zoom. @black[Color Text] @blue[Color Text] @green[Color Text] @red[Color Text] @magenta[Color Text] @brown[Color Text] @lightgray[Color Text] @darkgray[Color Text] @lightblue[Color Text] @lightgreen[Color Text] @lightcyan[Color Text] @lightred[Color Text] @lightmagenta[Color Text] @yellow[Color Text] @white[Color Text] All the colors can be used as a background color by using @bgcolor command. @bgwhite[Color Text] @bggreen[Color Text] . . Simply printing the text to the screen can be boring. Often it would be more interesting to change the speed of printing to the screen. Zoom has the capabilities to delays the printing the text on the screen. When such pause is introduced, it makes the printing more dramatic. The command is issued as: @Slide[DelayExample-Text-] This line is printed without delay. @Delay[5000] This line is printed after a 5 second delay. The argument to the delay command, 5000, is the number of milliseconds to wait before printing. 2.2 The Quiz Slide Zoom as the ability to ask the user a question and wait for the correct answer. Zoom will not let the user go on without answering the question. The user is given three attempts at answering the question. If the user fails at the third attempt, Zoom provides the user with the correct answer and allows the user to continue on. Thus, with the Quiz slide, one has the ability to test the user's retention of the information. As with the text slide, the administrator can provide key words. The index is also available to the user during the quiz, but the Previous and Next menu choices are not available. The format of the Quiz slide is: @Slide[Question1-Quiz-Answer-key word1-key word2-] The Quiz slide can either be a Slide or a SubSlide. As with any other slide, the Quiz slide must be given a unique label. The argument following the slide label, Quiz, tells Zoom that this is a quiz slide. The third argument is the correct question answer. In addition, the Quiz slide may have key words which may be linked to the review information. The user, however, is not allowed to progress in the chapter sequence until answering the question. An example is as follows. @Slide[EuropeWar1-Quiz-C-] The Thirty Years War raged through Europe for: (Answer A, B, or C and press Enter) A) Three months, but it seemed like thirty years. B) Three years, but the name was actually mistranslated. C) Thirty years, and this is a really stupid question. In this example, EuropeWar1 is the slide label, and C is the correct answer. All Text slide commands are available in the Quiz slide. 2.3 The Picture Slide The Picture slide gives Zoom the capability to display not only text, but pictures as well. The picture must be in the PCX (ZSoft, PC Paintbrush) format and the computer must be equipped with a graphics adapter. A picture slide can also be a Slide or a SubSlide. When Zoom encounters the PCX slide command, it will search the current directory for a file with name of the slide label and the extension PCX. If no file exists with that name, an error message is displayed. A picture slide is accessed by using the following command. @Slide[Picture1-PCX-keyword1-keyword2-keyword3-] As you can see, a Picture slides may also have key words. The key words for the Picture slide will appear in the Key words menu and will work in the same way as the key words from the Text or Quiz slide. The index will work as well. In the example given above, Zoom will search the current directory for a file called 'PICTURE1.PCX'. If the file is found, and is in correct PCX format, the image will be displayed. If the file is not found, an error message is generated. 2.4 The Pointer Slide The Pointer slide is the fourth category of slides, after Text, Quiz and PCX. The Pointer slide is used as a pointer to another slide in the stack. A Pointer slide could be used, for example, when you want to present the information from another slide in the stack, but do not want to re-type the information. Using the Pointer slide can save a lot of disk space, especially if multiple showing of same picture slide is done. An example of the pointer slide implementation is: @SubSlide[Picture2-Pointer-Picture1-] This example shows the Pointer slide, labeled Picture2, as a SubSlide. The Pointer slide points to the slide labeled 'Picture1'. The slide 'Picture1' will be displayed by this command along with all of Picture1's key words and attributes. 2.5 The Executable Slide The Executable (EXEC) slide expands the capability of Zoom beyond simple text and picture links to the endless possibilities of linked programs. The scope of the linked programs is determined by your imagination. The Executable slide will temporarily exit Zoom and run any DOS command, .EXE file, .COM file, or .BAT file. The use of this feature requires more advanced knowledge of DOS. The execution of DOS commands with the Exec slide is easy. Suppose, for example, upon the selection of a slide you would like to have the files on the current directory displayed. The Exec slide command to perform this would look as follows. @Slide[Directory-Exec-DIR-] 'Directory' is, of course, the slide label; 'Exec' is the type of slide; and 'DIR' is the DOS command you want to execute. When this slide is selected, first Zoom loads a copy of the command processor, then the 'DIR' command is executed, and finally the control is returned to Zoom. The execution of any of the other DOS commands is possible. The execution of other computer programs (those programs contained in .EXE or .COM files) is accomplished in a similar manner to the DOS commands. The slide command for program execution is as follow. @Slide[Programlabel-Exec-kermit.exe-] This command will run the program 'kermit.exe' provided that 'kermit.exe' is in the directory with Zoom. It is also possible to specify a full path for program execution. @Slide[Programlabel-Exec-c:\util\kermit.exe-] This example will look in the directory 'util' for the program 'kermit.exe'. A batch file is an ASCII file which contains a series of DOS commands and/or programs for execution. The batch file is stored in a file with the .BAT extension. The slide command for a batch file is similar to the previous executable slides. @Slide[BatchLabel-Exec-Example.BAT-] In the previous example, Zoom expects the file 'Example.BAT' to be in the current directory. However, like with other executable programs, a full path name can be used. @Slide[BatchLabel-Exec-c:\bat\Example.BAT-] In this example, Zoom will look in the directory BAT for the batch file 'Example.BAT'. The Example.bat file may look like this: ECHO OFF DIR | MORE PAUSE Hit any key to return to Zoom. This batch file is a more useful way to display the current directory since we are using the DOS program 'MORE' to view the directory one screen at a time. Issuing the DOS command 'DIR' by itself will result in the printing of the current directory without a pause, and immediate return to Zoom at the end of the command. The user will only get a glimpse of the directory. With 'MORE' the user will be prompted to press a key to view the directory screen at a time. See a DOS manual for more description on how 'MORE' works. 2.6 The Exit Slide The Exit slide allows you to exit the program from a slide queue. The command would look like this: @Slide[FinalSlide-Exit-] When this slide is accessed, Zoom will terminate and put you back in DOS. 2.7 The Goto Slide The Goto slide allows you to jump to a branch and play out the slides of the queue. The command looks like this: @Slide[loop-goto-loopit-] When this slide is accessed, it will go and look up the index entry for "loopit" and play that queue. Using this slide type will allow you to build an endless-loop. An example index entry would look like this: Loopit-slide1-slide2-slide3-loop- 3. The Hot Area Zoom has a unique feature that enables the administrator to define areas within the monitor screen and link the areas to key words. Key words, as was described previously, allow a slide to be linked to other slides. With the Hot Area, key words can be used to identify a rectangle on the screen and made available to the user. Hot Areas show up on the screen as a rectangle made with broken lines. For computers equipped with a mouse, the shape of the mouse cursor will change when the cursor is passed over a defined Hot Area. This indicates to the user that the defined area is associated with a key word, and additional information is available to the user. The process of clicking the mouse in the hot area is the same as selecting a key word from the Key words menu. If there is no mouse, the Hot Areas can be accessed with the cursor keys, and selected with the Enter key. Hot Areas are defined using either the text or the pixel coordinates on the screen. This means that for the text coordinates, the largest box can be 78 columns by 21 rows (see manual section 1.3 Structure and Organization), and the smallest can be 1 column by 1 row. For pixel coordinates, the maximum size is limited by the resolution of the type of graphics adapter used. Hot Areas will work with Text, Quiz and PCX slides. Hot Areas are defined by adding screen coordinates to a key word in the slide command. For an example: @Slide[MapOfEurope-PCX-England,1,1,8,8-France,7,10,15,15-] will display a map of Western Europe, and will have two key words, England and France. The numbers following the key words define the upper left-hand corner and lower right-hand corner coordinates of the Hot Area. Therefore, the Hot Area for England starts at position (1,1) and ends at position (8,8). Likewise, the Hot Area for France starts at position (7,10) and ends at position (15,15). The key words England and France are still available under the Key words menu. The user now has a choice of pointing to an area on the screen or using the Key words menu to find out about England and France . The same hot areas using pixel coordinates will look like this: @Slide[MapOfEurope-PCX-England;1;1;80;80-France;7;10;150;150-] Notice that the coordinate seperator is a semicolon instead of a comma. The templates for slide command with Hot Areas are given as: @Slide[Label-Type-KeyWord1,X1,Y1,X2,Y2-] for text coordinates @Slide[Label-Type-KeyWord1;X1;Y1;X2;Y2-] for pixel coordinates The syntax for defining the Hot Area using text coordinates requires that a comma follow the key word, and then the X1 coordinate, WITH NO SPACES, a comma, Y1, a comma, X2, a comma, Y2 and a dash ('-'). For a Hot Area using pixel coordinates, semicolons have to be substituted for the commas. A slide can have up to ten Hot Areas. 4. Making the link with the Index Throughout this guide, we have talked about links and linking words and areas to slides without ever mentioning just how that link is accomplished. The link is defined in the index file. The index file (an ASCII file which is kept in the Zoom directory and named 'stackname.ind') contains a list of key words and the slides referenced by the key words. In fact, the index file is analogous to an index in a book. Zoom uses the index file to look up word(s) and then brings up the slides referenced by the word(s) on the screen automatically. The syntax for an index entry is as follows. key word-label1-label2-label3-label4-label5- In the example 'key word' is the key word from the slides. The arguments, 'label1', 'label2', 'label3', etc. are the slide labels that are associated with the 'key word'. These slides are loaded into the queue upon the selection of 'key word' by the user, either through the Index menu command, or through the Key word menu command. Since Zoom uses the index file and the key words to establish the links, you have to make sure that they are spelled the same way. For example, if a slide has a key word 'T. Edison', and the index file has the entry 'T.Edison' (without the space), Zoom will not be able to match the two words. The capitalization of the letters does not matter. However, the spelling must be identical, including the punctuation marks and spaces in the words. If you wish to show an entry, but not make it available to the user as a choice, you can start the line with the characters '(' or 'Í' (ASCII 205) or ASCII 255 character (null character). You can get these characters for example in WordPerfect by pressing the Alt key and entering the ASCII numbers on the numeric pad. It will not work if you enter the numbers using the number keys above the letter keys. However, each of these 'no-choose' lines must terminate with a dash ('- '). There can be up to 1800 index entries. See Appendix B for an example of an entire index file. Appendix A: Example Stack The stack is stored in ASCII format. The following example is an example stack that contains some textual information. Note that the '@End' command must be placed at the end of the file to mark the end. The file is called Mid_Age.STK and it contains all the textual information. The associated index file is called Mid_Age.IND. When Zoom starts up, it will look at the current directory for all files with the extension .STK. If there is more than one file with .STK extension, Zoom will display a window with the names of stacks and a short description as described by the @Summary command in the stack. @Language[English] @Summary[This stack is about Western European History] @Chapter[Introduction] @Slide[Intro-Text-] @bgblack[@lightCyan[Western European History: First Semester Course]] @window[This computer program has been put together to aid your studies on the Western European History and provide an interactive supplement to your text book.] The material has been organized into three chapters: @delay[2000] Chapter 1: The Middle Ages. (600 to 1300 AD) @delay[2000] Chapter 2: The Renaissance. (1400 to 1600 AD) @delay[2000] Chapter 3: The Enlightenment. (1600 to 1800 AD) This program has been put together to allow the viewing of issues such as @yellow[politics, religion, class, and gender] while transcending the causality of time and the vastness of space. @Chapter[The Middle Ages] @Slide[OutlineCh1-Text-] Chapter 1: @lightcyan[The Middle Ages] In this chapter, the following issues will be presented: I. The Aristocracy II. The Church III. The Plague @Slide[Aristch1-Text-] @bgmagenta[@Red[I. The Aristocracy]] The aristocracy of the Middle ages was comprised of a bunch of rich people, who wanted to have a heavenly justification for their begin rich and other people being poor. Thus royalty was invented. @Slide[ChurchCh1-Text-] @bgmagenta[@Red[ II. The Church ]] During the Middle Ages in Europe, the Church held quite a monopoly on religion. You were either in the Church, or you were not. If you were not, then you were killed as a heretic. @SubSlide[WitchCh1-Text-] During the Middle Ages, people often feared witches. A witch was someone practicing black magic, possessed by the devil, or just plain weird. Witches, if found were burned at the stake. How do you find a witch? You take a person and throw them into the water with their hands and feet tied. If the person floats then he or she is a witch. If the person drowns, then the person was innocent. Well it was justice in the early days. @Slide[PlagueCh1^1-Text-] @Black[III. The Plague] The bubonic plague, often called the @Black[Black Plague], ravaged through Europe, especially during the Fourteenth century. A entire third of the continents population died. @Chapter[The Renaissance] @Slide[IntroCh2-Text-] Chapter 2: @lightCyan[The Renaissance] I. Art II. The Reformation III. Literature @Slide[ArtCh2-Text-] During the Renaissance the Arts flourished and monarchs invested in painting and sculpture. During this time such works as the Mona Lisa, the Sistine Chapel, etc. @Slide[ReformCh2-Text-Hell-] During the Reformation, preachers such as Martin Luther, Calvin and Zwingli preached against the evils and corruption in the Catholic Church. @Slide[LitureCh2-Text-Hell-] During the Renaissance, such literary works as Dante's Inferno, Shakespeare's Hamlet, and Thomas Moore's Utopia were written. @Subslide[HellCh2-Text-] The Count Malatesta of Rimini is the only person ever to be publically condemned to Hell by the pope. @Chapter[The Enlightenment] @Slide[IntroCh3-Text-] Chapter 3: @LightCyan[The Enlightenment] I. Mathematics II. Science III. Literature @Slide[MathCh3-Text-] During the Enlightenment Newton in England and Liebinez in Germany simultaneously invented calculus. Newton's form of calculus was based on geometry while Liebinez's description of calculus was based on symbolic formulas. @Slide[ScienceCh3-Text-] During the Enlightenment, Astronomy advanced to the point where is was discovered that the earth orbits the sun with an elliptical path. @Slide[LitureCh3-Text-] Literature during the enlightenment flourished as well. @End Appendix B: Example of Index File. This is the content of the MID_AGE.IND file which is the index file for the MID_AGE.STK stack. The information is stored as ASCII text. Black Plague-PlagueCh1- Bubonic^Part1-PlagueCh1^1- (Only Bubonic will be displayed to the user, Church-ChurchCh1-ReformCh2- but Zoom will use the entire label) Class-AristCh1- Dante-LitureCh2- Hell-HellCh2- Justice-WitchCh1- Literature-LitureCh2-LitureCh3- Mathematics-MathCh3- Middle Ages-OutlineCh1- Plague-PlagueCh1- Politics-AristCh1- Religion-ChurchCh1-ReformCh2- Shakespeare-LitureCh2- Witch-WitchCh1- Appendix C: Command Summary Command Line Switches -f The stack is automatically loaded -r ZOOM skips the main menu and jumps to the viewing menu -ch# ZOOM skips the main menu and jumps to chapter number # -l is used for interaction. Overrides the command in the stack -bw For use with black and white monitors or laptops computers Stack Commands @Summary The stack description as displayed by Load Stack command, optional @Language Language used for interaction. English, French, Spanish or Portuguese, optional. Default is English @Chapter Marks the beginning of a new chapter in the stack @Slide Marks the placement of a slide @SubSlide Marks the placement of a subslide @End Marks the end of a stack Slide Types Text Slide made up of characters, numbers, lines, etc PCX Graphic image slide for Bit-mapped images Quiz Quiz slide for asking questions Dbf Reads dBASEIII+ compatible file and displays the content Wks Reads Lotus 123 compatible file and displays the content Exec Executes a DOS command Pointer Displays the content of another slide Loop Jumps back to another slide in the loop Exit Exits Zoom upon access of this slide type Other Stack Command @Window Displays text inside a window over a slide @Timer[n] automatically advances to the next slide in the queue after n seconds Text Slide Commands @Color Command to display the text in chosen color, ie @Yellow[] @BgColor Command to change the background color of the text, ie @bgblack[] @Delay[n] Puts a pause in the text of n/1000 seconds The End