Help Index
Japanese

Verbs Demo

Welcome to Japanese Verbs! Japanese Verbs or JVerbs (as we usually refer to the program as) is a reference and a study program for the most common Japanese Verbs, their forms, and usage.

To learn how to use Help press F1.

Differences in the Demo version

This is a working model of the program with the following limitations:

only 60 verbs

only 3 verb sets for the tutorials.

the Verb Help is limited in various places.

The real version has over 1000 verbs, 1200 example sentences with around 70 verb sets.

How to:

Overview

Getting Started

Verb Reference

Verb Tutorial

Alphabetical Index

Glossary

Commands:

File Menu

View Menu

Search Menu

Tutor Menu

Help Menu

KiCompWare

JVerbs Pricing and Contacting

Other  Programs

Warranty


Overview

JVerbs (Japanese Verbs) is a Japanese verb reference and study program. JVerbs is useful for:

the beginner just starting to learn Japanese

the intermediate who occasionally feels more comfortable seeing romaji then hiragana or kanji,

the advanced or expert who needs an occasional refresher on a particular verb.

With JVerbs you can:

check out where the okurigana of a kanji stops and where the kana starts to appear.

display the verb in romaji, hiragana, katakana, or a kanji/hiragana normal form.

show the derivation of each verb

show one or more example sentences for each verb to aid in usage.

study the verbs using three kinds of flashcards, multiple choice and matching quizzes and a game like tutorial.

JVerbs also has reference information on particles, adverbs,  and

information on each inflection form. This information is available through the Verb Help under the Help Menu.

Most of the specific information on verbs is available under the Help menu from the Verb Help menu item. The reason for this is that Windows does not naturally display Japanese characters unless you resort to some tricks. Including Japanese text as pure bitmaps would greatly increase the size of this help file.

NOTE

When possible the sentences are translated to use the general meaning of the Japanese verb in English. At times this makes the translated sentence somewhat awkward.

All Japanese sentences were created and verified by native Japanese speakers. There is a danger for non-native speakers of Japanese to create what seems to be a grammatically correct Japanese sentence, that no Japanese would ever utter.

The forms, translations, and sentences given in this program should be taken to be generally true. While we have marked verb forms that have the potential to be "ungrammatical", that does not mean they are one hundred percent "ungrammatical".  The following areas may give people problems, transitive and intransitve verbs, honorific and humble verb forms, and the "give" verbs. While these areas are briefly touched on in the program, the program is not meant to be a thorough Japanese reference (some of these topics also cause problems for native Japanese speakers!).


Getting Started
Getting Started with Japanese Verbs

JVerbs (Japanese Verbs) two functions are Verb Reference and Verb Tutorial. JVerbs can adjust to your Japanese skill  level and can be further customized.

Go to one of these Help screens for more information

Application Window

Overview

Verb Reference

Verb Tutorial


Verb Reference

The Verb Reference side of Japanese Verbs provides a reference to over 1000 of the common Japanese Verbs in daily use. The reference includes over 300 verbs such as, [image] (kaimono suru, to go shopping) that use suru ( [image]) for inflection.

Use the Verb Index to quickly jump to the desired area.

Narrow the verb list by using the Verbs to Show selection.

Use Find under the Search Menu to look for and then display the verb forms directly.

Use the Verb Help under the Help Menu for an on-line reference to many other aspects of the Japanese verb system and miscellaneous other information.

Adjust JVerbs to your level at any time by using Skill Level from the File Menu.

Customize what you see in each Verb Reference window (Verb Index, Verb List Window, or Verb Form Window) by  the Toolbar or menus and save it using the Custom selection in the  Skill Level  dialog box.

Use Setup Misc. to change the colors of various screen objects.

Note

Verbs are listed by their dictionary form. For instance, if you are looking for kaimasu ( [image]), you would look or search for kau ( [image]) and if you were looking for mimasu ( [image]), you would look for miru ( [image]). The verbs are listed in gojuuonban, or Japanese ordering.

See Also

Find

Setup Misc

Skill Level

Verbs to Show

Verb Index

Verb List Window

Verb Form Window


Verb Tutorial

The Japanese language is different from most other languages in that you must learn three different things for each word. To be able to read, write, comprehend, and speak Japanese, you must learn the kanji for a word, its yomikata, and the translation. JVerbs allows you, in, most cases, to adjust which relation you are trying to learn. JVerbs provides several different methods to help learn Japanese verbs. To familiarize yourself with the verbs, we suggest you use:

Review

FlashCard K/Y/E

FlashCard 2.

To test yourself on what you have learned, we suggest you use:

Matching

MultiGuess

Moving Kanji

To practice or study your verb conjugations use:

Practice Endings

Review Endings.

If you would like to try an automated test sequence, use:

Tutorial Suite

With the Tutorial Suite you may select all the Tutorials or only some Tutorials. The Tutorial Suite moves you to the next tutorial once you have completed the current tutorial.

The Tutor Setup dialog box is used to configure the tutorial before running it. The Completed dialog box gives you a chance to see any missed verbs, and then choose what to do next. The Tutorial Toolbar provides some command shortcuts and gives additional information on program status.

There are over 50 vocabulary sets provided with JVerbs and you can create you own sets using the Define Verb Set utility under the Tutorial Menu. To change a verb set that you have defined, use Edit User Verb Set.

Go to one of these Help screens for more information.

FlashCard K/Y/E

FlashCard 2

Matching

Multiple Guess

Moving Kanji

Practice Endings

Review

Review Endings

Tutorial Suite

Define Verb Set

Edit User Verb Set

View Verb Set

Completed dialog box

Tutorial Toolbar

Tutor Setup dialog box


Application Window

The Application Window is divided into three major areas: Toolbar, Program Window, and StatusBar.

Toolbar

The Toolbar contains controls for changing some program options. Most of these option are available through either the menus or dialog boxes via a menu selection. These command shortcuts are here to provide a convenient way to change relevant program options.

Program Window

The Program Window is where you will use most of the program functions. The verb reference functions and tutorials are displayed here.

Status Bar

The Status Bar displays information on what function the program is doing and shows brief help messages. It is divided into three areas: current window name, help message 1, and help message 2.


Alphabetical Index

Acknowledgments

Application Window

Completed dialog box

Contacting KiCompWare

Define Verb Set

Edit User Verb Set

Entering Hiragana/Katakana/Romaji

FlashCard K/Y/E

FlashCard 2

File Menu

Find

FontPath

Glossary

Help Menu

Other  Programs

Matching

Multiple Guess

Moving Kanji

Overview

Practice Endings

Review

Review Endings

Search Menu

Setup Misc

Skill Level

Technical Support

Tutor

Tutor Setup dialog box

Tutorial Suite

Tutorial Toolbar

Verb Display Methods

Verb Form Toolbar

Verb Form Window

Verb Help

Verb Index

Verb List Window

Verb Reference

 Verbs to Show

Verb Tutorial

View Menu

View Verb Set


Glossary

Furigana

Hiragana

Inflection

Intransitive

Kanji

Katakana

Okurigana

Romaji

Transitive

Yomikata


Verb Index
Verb Index Window

The verbs in JVerbs are arranged in Japanese order (gojuuonban). Use a kana index button for faster access to a specific group of verbs. Press the All button to see the complete list of verbs.

Use the Character Type Select radio buttons to temporarily change the keyboard index button character type. To make the change permanent, use the Skill Level Setup under the File Menu.

The toolbar allows you to specify the Verbs to Show and whether or not to include the suru verbs.

See Also

Verb List Window

Verb Form Window


Verbs to Show

All In Group

Show all verbs in that group. What is displayed depends on whether you pressed the All button, or an index button. To really see all the verbs in a group, you must also select with suru from the View menu or the Toolbar.

Beginner Verbs

Show only Beginner Verbs. The beginner verbs are the verbs that people just starting to learn Japanese learn. This list consists of almost two hundred verbs. In some respects, these verbs might be called the most common verbs. The Beginner verbs have two example sentences, one that uses simpler words and grammar and the other with no constraints.

Common Verbs

Show only the common verbs. The common verbs are the verbs that are used in everyday life in Japan. They do not contain highly technical or scientific verbs. To foreign speakers of Japanese, some of the common verbs may seem to be uncommon. It is also true that verbs that may be common to some Japanese are not necessarily common to all Japanese. The decision on what constitutes a common verbs is some what subjective and arbitrary.

Irregular Verbs

Show only irregular verbs. The irregular verbs are those verbs that exhibit stem changes that do not follow a pattern, or use entirely different forms for certain inflections.

Suru Verbs

Show the verbs that take suru. Japanese can not directly create a verb from a noun as English can. To make verbs from nouns, or from foreign loan words, the verb suru is used. Since these verbs are very regular, there is an option to omit these verbs from normal display using the with suru flag in the View menu or the toolbar. For this display option, that flag is ignored and all suru verbs are displayed for the selected group.

Transitive/Intransitive

Show the Transitive/Intransitive verb pairs. Probably one of the most troublesome areas of learning the Japanese verbs are these transitive and intransitive verbs. English really has no counterpart to this. To make matters more difficult, often at least part of the meaning of one of the pair has diverged from simply being a Intransitive form of the Transitive verb, and vice versa.

See Transitive/Intransitive in the Verb Help item under the Help Menu for a thorough explanation of the Transitive/Intransitive verb pairs.

UnCommon Verbs

Show only the uncommon verbs. What constitutes an uncommon verb is somewhat subject and arbitrary. It also could be said that these are  common uncommon verbs, as opposed to the really uncommon verbs.

With Suru

With Suru determines whether or not the verbs that take suru are shown. There are two ways to change the status of With Suru, by the with Surucheck box, or the with Suru menu item under the View menu. Check the check box or menu item to include the suru verbs.


Verb Form
Verb Form Window

The Verb Form window has two screens, or pages. The first page shows the common inflected forms of the verb. The second page shows the verb with the auxiliary tenses (tenses which are themselves inflected), the honorific and humble forms, and the example usage sentence(s) for that verb. For verbs that have a intransitive or transitive counterpart, the counterpart is shown in the T/I Pair Verb Box in the lower middle of the screen (jump to the counterpart by double clicking in the Verb Box).

Grammatically questionable verb forms are shown Grayed (or in whatever color you select to show Grayed items in). The honorific and humble forms given are the ones that foreigners will probably use. The Verbs Help has a list of other common irregular honorific and humble verb forms.

Click on the inflection title names (Plain Present, Plain Present, Provisional, etc.) to have the Verbs Help window popup with an explanation of that inflection.

Screen #1 Options: (Verb Form Page 1)

Use	To

Inflection Title 	Call up the Verb Help System with an explanation of the inflection and example usage sentences.

 	Show the inflected form (if hiden).

More 	Show the remainder of the inflected forms and example Japanese sentence(s) with translation. The button name changes to Back.

T/I Pair Verb Box	Jump to the other verb in the transitive/intransitive pair. Double Click this box to jump to the other verb in the pair. Please note that the title and box are only shown when the current verb is part of an transitive/ intransitive verb pair.

Screen #2 Options: (Verb Form Page 2)

Use	To

Inflection Title 	Call up the Verb Help System with an explanation of the inflection and example usage sentences.

Back	Return to the first screen. The button name reverts back to More.

 	Show the inflected form (if hiden).

Kanji

Hiragana

Katakana

Romaji

English	Controls whether or not the sentence is shown in that form. There is a separate sentence for each of these items. (To save the configuration of these check buttons, select Skill Level under the File menu. Select Custom, then press the Save button.)

T/I Pair Verb Box	Jump to the other verb in the transitive/intransitive pair. Double Click this box to jump to the other verb in the pair. Please note that the title and box are only shown when the current verb is part of an transitive/ intransitive verb pair.

Scroll through sentences. This scrollbar only appears when there is more sentences to display than there is room in the Example window.

Scroll display long sentences. This scrollbar only appears when there are sentences that are too long to display on in the Example window.

Note

The colors of the sentences may be changed by using Setup Misc dialog box under the File menu. Using Setup Misc. you may also hide the questionable inflection forms. Which sentences are displayed, may be save by using the Skill Level dialog box.

There is a question whether the questionable forms (linguistically questionable) should be shown or not. If you ask two linguistic scientists, no doubt you will get different opinions. The fact is the forms can be created, and therefore at sometime, under some condition there is a chance that they may be used. At least one native speaker has the intuition that the verb is simply irregular in that form and uses a different verb to supply the form. The verb in question was the intransitive part of a transitive/intransitive pair.

You will find that the intransitive verb of a transitive/intranstive pair (and those intransitive verbs with out a transitive counterpart) may have questionable forms for imperative, volitional, potential, passive, causative, causative passive, honorific, and humble inflections, or some combination. For this version of  the program, all the potential problem forms are marked for those verbs, that is, even if the forms are usable. Without extensive research and survey, an accurate explanation can not be given. Clearly there is something linguistically interesting going on here.

See Also

Verb Form Toolbar

Verb Index

Verb List Window


Verb Form Toolbar

Options:

Use	To

Index 	Return to the Verb Index Window.

List	Return to the Verb List window.

Hide 	Hide all the inflection forms for the verb. (This is for people who would like to test their skills on the inflection forms.)

Character Set 	Select how to display the verbs in the Verb Form. The possible selections are: kanji, hiragana, katakana, romaji.

<<	Show previous list of verbs, if any.

>>	Show next list of verbs, if any.

Note

The current configurations may be saved using the Skill Level under the File menu. Select Custom, then press the Save button.


Verb List Window

The Verb List window displays the list of verbs as chosen from the Index window. This can be all the verbs, or a kana indexed selection, and is further limited by the group chosen in Verbs to Show and whether or not with Suru is checked. The transitive/intransitive verbs are shown in pairs, while the other groups are shown using the entire screen.

Selecting a Verb  To select a verb for reference, position the mouse on a verb and click the left button. Click and hold the right mouse button on the verb and a window pops up with the verb listed in kanji, the yomikata of the verb follows on the next line, and the English translations of the verb follow below that. The yomikata is displayed in romaji if the Verb List window character set is romaji, otherwise the yomikata is displayed in hiragana.

Changing the Character Set  See Verb List Toolbar to change the character set.

See Also

Verb Form Window

Verb Index

Verb List Toolbar


Verb List Toolbar

Options:

Use	To

Index 	Return to the Verb Index Window

Verbs to Show	Select which group of verbs to show. See also Verbs to Show

With Suru 	Select verbs that take suru. (See the Verbs to Show  Verbs to Show.)

Character Set 	Select how to display the verbs in the Verb List. The possible selections are: kanji, hiragana, katakana, romaji.

<<	Show previous list of verbs, if any.

>>	Show next list of verbs, if any.

Note

The current configurations may be saved using the Skill Level under the File menu. Select Custom,  then press the Save button.


Help Menu

Help	Show context specific help.

Index	Show the Help Index.

Getting Started	Show information on quickly getting started.

Using Help	Gives help on operating the Windows Help system.

Romaji -> Hiragana	Show Romaji to Hiragana translation table.

Romaji -> Katakana	Show Romaji to Katakana translation table.

Verb Help	Bring up the verb help system.

About	Show the About Window.


Verb Help

MS-Windows as marketed for the U.S. market does not support the Japanese character set. To properly explain the Japanese Verbs system, the Japanese character set should be used. KiCompWare developed a special help system for this that looks and operates somewhat like the Windows help system.

The verb help system contains additional information about Japanese Verbs, a description of each inflection with example explanatory sentences, and various other information.

Use Verb Help under the Help menu to access this help system.


Contacting
JVerbs Pricing and Contacting

JVerbs is priced at $99, with $5 shipping for U.S. and Canada. Shipping to all other countries is $10. Send check, money order, or Credit Card (MC, VISA) to below address.

KiCompWare welcomes your comments on Japanese Verbs. We do listen and respond to the needs of our customers.

KiCompWare

P.O. Box 536

Appleton, WI  54912 USA

Phone: 612-773-8621

BBS: 612-779-0886

Compuserve: 101015, 206

 Internet:   101015.206@compuserve.com

Other  Programs


File Menu

Skill Level	Show the Skill Level dialog box.

Misc. Setup	Show the color and Fontpath configuration dialog box.

Exit	Quit Japanese Verbs program.


View Menu

Index	Show kana/romaji index

First Page	Show first verb page

Select Page	Jump to a specific page

Prev Page	Show previous verb page (if any)

Next  Page	Show next verb page (if any)

All Verbs	Show all verbs

Common Verbs	Show only the common verbs

Irregular Verbs	Show only irregular verbs

Suru Verbs	Show verbs that take suru

Trans/Intrans	Show the Transitive/Intransitive verb pairs

UnCommon Verbs	Show only the uncommon verbs

With Suru	Include the verbs that take suru

See Also

 Verbs to Show


Custom Setup
Misc. Setup

The Misc. Setup dialog box allows you to select colors for various parts of the JVerbs program. It also allows you to configure the Japanese font path.

To change the color of a selection, first select the button (click on that button), and next by moving the mouse cursor over the desired color on the upper right area of the dialog box and clicking the mouse button. If you select the same color for a character color as for a background color, that character will be invisible.

Options:

Verb Reference Colors

These selections only affect the Verb Reference areas of the program.

Use	To

Japanese 	Select the color for Japanese words (including romaji).

English 	Select the color for English words.

Highlight 	Select the color for the start of a kana (gojuuon junban) in the Verb List window.

Grayed

   check box	Mark questionable forms with the color selected with the Grayed color button.  To hide questionable forms leave box unchecked.

Grayed 	Select the color for questionable forms in the Verb Form window.

Background 	Select the color for the background of the Verb Index and the Verb List windows only.

Tutorial Colors

These selections affect all the tutorials.

Use	To

Kanji	Select the color for kanji characters.

Yomikata 	Select the color for yomikata displays, whether in, hiragana, katakana, or romaji.

English 	Select the color for English translations.

Background 	Select the color for the Moving Kanji window.

Example Sentence Colors

These selections affect only the example sentence in the Verb Form window.

Use	To

Kanji	Select the color for the sentence selected by the Kanji check button.

Hiragana	Select  the color for the sentence selected by the Hiragana check button.

Katakana	Select  the color for the sentence selected by the Katakana check button.

Romaji	Select  the color for the sentence selected by the Romaji check button.

English	Select  the color for the sentence selected by the English check button (the English translation).

Non-Joyo

Use	To

no-Joyo

   check box	Mark non-Joyo kanji with the color selected with the non-Joyo color button.

non-Joyo

  color button 	Select the color for the non-Joyo kanji.

Buttons

Use	To

Font Path	Display the Font Path dialog box to change or view the current Japanese font path. (If you own a copy of MOKE 2.1, then changing the path to MOKE's \kanji path will allow you to delete the kijis16.fnt file supplied with JVerbs. This will save about 250k in hard disk space. )

Default	Set all colors to the program default colors.

OK 	Temporarily change to the colors currently selected.

Save	Permanently save changes made to colors or the Font Path.

Cancel	Quit the dialog box without saving any changes.

See Also

Skill Level

JVerbs.ini

FontPath


Font Path

The fontpath refers to the Japanese character font file. The font file is the same file as used by MOKE 2.1. If you have MOKE 2.1,  you can delete the font file "kijis16.fnt" in the JVerbs distribution and have JVerbs use the copy in MOKE's \kanji directory. Enter the correct volume and path for the font file in MOKE 2.1

Example:

 	d:\kanji


JVerbs.ini

This file is created when JVerbs is first run after installation. The information in this file is in text format, but we recommend you use the Skill Level and Misc. Setup dialog boxes available under the File menu.


Setup
Skill Level

The possible selections are:

Beginner  JVerbs will display verbs using the romaji character set. This is the English-like character set. Many people just starting out with Japanese use romaji, but they soon advance to hiragana.

Intermediate  JVerbs will display verbs using the hiragana character set.

Advanced  JVerbs will display verbs using  kanji when it can, otherwise it will display using hiragana.

Custom  JVerbs will display the verbs using the character set and other options the way you have them configured in each individual window. To do this, first go through JVerbs and configure each window as you like.  Next open the Skill Level dialog box,  select Custom, then press the Save button.

To change the skill level temporarily, select one of the three items (Beginner, Intermediate, or Advanced) in the list box and press the OK button. To make a permanent change, press the Save button. To make no changes, press the Cancel button. When you select Beginner, Intermediate, or Advanced, and press the OK or the Save button, various skill level options in JVerbs will be changed automatically. When you select Custom and save, JVerbs saves the various skill level options the way you have them configured.

See Also

Misc. Setup

JVerbs.ini


Verb Help Setup

The Verb Help Setup dialog box allows you to select the colors for kanji, yomikata, and English characters.

To change the color of a selection, first select the button (click on that button), and next by moving the mouse cursor over the desired color on the upper right area of the dialog box and clicking the mouse button. If you select the same color for a character color as for a background color, that character will be invisible.

Options:

Colors

Use	To

Kanji	Select the color for kanji characters.

Yomikata 	Select the color for yomikata displays, whether in, hiragana, katakana, or romaji.

English 	Select the color for English translations.

Buttons

Use	To

Default	Set all colors to the program default colors.

OK 	Temporarily change to the colors currently selected.

Save	Permanently save changes made to colors.

Cancel	Quit the dialog box without saving any changes.

See Also

JVerbs.ini

Misc. Setup

Skill Level


Search Menu

The Find functions may be used to jump directly to a verb reference.

Find

Find Next


Find

Find a Japanese verb using Hiragana, Katakana, Romaji, or English. When searching for a verb using English, the translation portion of the entry is searched. The entire verb list is loaded for all searches. This includes all suru and all other verbs.

Find Options

Use	To

Search Word	Enter the verb to search for. This may be the entire verb or just a portion of it.

Search 	Start the Search for the Search Word.

Cancel	Exit the Find Verb dialog box with out searching.

Help	Get Help on Using this dialog box.

Exact	Search for the exact string entered as the Search word.  If Exact is not checked, all potential matches to the search string are found. This means if you search for to plan (or just plan),  JVerbs will find to plant as well. For Japanese, if you are searching for suru, all verbs that take suru will be found.

Search Options

    English	Search for a verb using the translation portion of the verb entry. The status of the hiragana/katakana/romaji check buttons is ignored.

   Japanese 	Search for a verb using the yomikata of portion of the verb entry. Search for the verb using hiragana, katakana, or romaji. The status of the hiragana/katakana/romaji check buttons determines which character set is used.

Romaji to Hiragana, and Romaji to Katakana tables may be displayed using the named items in the Help Menu.

See Also

Entering Hiragana/Katakana/Romaji

Find Next


Entering Hiragana/Katakana/Romaji

Hiragana is entered via romaji. That is, you use an ordinary ASCII keyboard and enter the romaji for the hiragana character. The hiragana input mode accepts only romaji. The hiragana for a romaji string is displayed when  the romaji unambiguously specifies a hiragana character. For instance, typing "a" yields " [image] ", typing "k" displays the "k" on the input line. If "o" is pressed next, then " [image] " will be displayed on the screen.

The " [image] " in " [image] " is ambiguous. Typing "n'" (n plus apostrophe) will yield " [image] " as will typing a space or the enter key. But normally you don't have to worry because as soon as what you have typed can be disambiguated, it will be displayed. For instance, in the word " [image] ", typing "ho" yields " [image] ". Next entering "n", leaves the "n" on the input line. After entering "d", the input line looks as follows:

   nd

Entering "a" causes " [image] " to be displayed.

However, there are two cases where you will generate incorrect Japanese. When there are double "n" as in "kantan ni". The conversion will generate erroneously " [image] ". When there is a final syllable "n" followed by a kana starting with "y" in a word like " [image] " ( [image]),  "nya" ( [image]) will be generated rather than "n-ya" ( [image]). Always using "n'" will eliminate these problems.

 (small tsu)

There are two ways to enter the " [image] " in [image] or [image].  can be typed in as "shit-pai" or shippai and [image] can be typed in as "it-tara" or "ittara". Other double consonants supported are, "k" and "s".

To type in all the small hiragana characters like:,  [image], [image], [image], [image], instead of their regular counterparts, [image], [image], [image], [image] use x before the romaji. For instance, [image] is typed "xa" and [image] is typed "xya".

See the Romaji->Hiragana under the Help menu for mappings of all the romaji to hiragana conversions.


Tutor Menu

The Tutor Menu contains all the entries into the tutor system. Most of the tutor methods are self tests. The tutor vocabulary lists are derived from the list of verbs. There are over 50 verb sets, and you can define your own sets. The tutor methods utilize the popular paper testing methods, matching, multiple guess, and a game like Moving Kanji.  To familiarize yourself with the contents of the vocabulary list, use the Review method.

Define Verb Set

Edit User Verb Set

View Verb Set

Tutorial Suite

Review

FlashCard K/Y/E

FLashCard 2

Review Endings

Matching

Multiple Guess

Moving Kanji

Practice Endings

See Also

Completed dialog box

Tutor Setup dialog box

Tutorial Toolbar


Tutorial Toolbar

Options:

Use	To

Quit	Quit current tutorial and return to Verb Index.

Setup Button	Displays the Tutor Setup dialog box. Using the Tutor Setup you may select a different verb set. See also the Setup dialog box section below.

Method	Select one of six different tutorial methods.  The methods listed in pairs are: 1) Kanji/English, English/ Kanji, 2) Kanji/Yomikata, Yomikata/Kanji, 3) Yomikata/ English, English/Yomikata. For some tutorials, not all the methods differ or make sense. For FlashCard 2, MultiGuess, and Moving Kanji tutorials all of these methods make sense, while only one method from each pair makes sense for Matching. For FlashCard K/Y/E only Kanji/English or English/Kanji make sense. (This combo box displays the possible inflections when Practice Endings or Review Endings have been selected.)  Beginning students may just want to use Yomikata/English, or English/Yomikata.

Character Set	Select the character set for yomikata, when a tutorial with a yomikata method is chosen.


Define Verb Set Window

This window operates much like the Verb List Window.

Done Button

Press this button when done to save the verb set, or to see which verbs you have already defined.

See Also

Define Verb Set

Edit User Verb Set

Tutor Define

Verb Define Window


Save Defined Verb Set

The relevant information for the User Verb set being defined is displayed in this dialog box.

Options:

Use	To

Verb Set	Change the name of this verb set.

Description	Describe this verb set.

Tutor Setup

 CharSet	Select the character set to display the verbs in the Verbs Window (kanji/hiragana/katakana/romaji).

Save	Save the new verb set to the tutor.usr file.

Continue	Continue to select verbs for this verb set.

Cancel	Quit defining this verb set. All information will be lost.

Help	Get information on using this dialog box.

Delete	Delete a verb or verbs in the Verbs Window. Highlight the verbs to delete in the Verbs Window by clicking on them, then press the Delete button.

See Also

Edit User Verb Set

Save Define Verb Set

Tutor Define

Verb Define Window


Completed Dialog
Completed Dialog Box

The Completed dialog box is displayed when a tutorial of a verb set has been completed. It has two forms, one for the FlashCard or Review type tutorials and the other for the Quiz type tutorials. It gives you various options on how to continue, or to quit the tutorial. The FlashCard type Completed dialog box does not have the Completion Time or the Missed display and button.

Options:

Use	To

Display Missed	Open up a window and display the verbs that were missed.

Do Set Again 	Use the current verb set and do the tutorial again.

Do Next Set	Do the next verb set with the same tutorial.

Change Setup 	Use the Tutor Setup dialog box to change the verb set, the method, or how to view the yomikata (hiragana, katakana, romaji).

Help	Show this Help screen.

Quit	Quit the tutorials and display the Verb Index.

Note

To clear best completion times for the quiz type tutorials delete the JVerbs.ini initialization file. When you do this, you will have to reset the other configuration variables.


Tutor Define Help

Use this selection to define your own Verb Tutorials. You might use it to remember the verbs that you have trouble with. Be sure to fill in the name and description fields so that you will find it easily the next time.

Options:

Use	To

Name 	Name the verb set you are defining.

Description 	Short description of the verb set.

Define 	Start defining or selecting verbs for this new verb set. After pressing Define the Verb Define Window will be displayed, select the Verbs, press the Done button, and Save the Verb Set by pressing the Save button in the Save Defined Verb Set  dialog box.

Cancel 	Do not make new verb set. Return to the Verb Index Window.

Help 	Show this Help screen.

See Also

Save Defined Verb Set

Verb Define Window


Edit User Verb Help

Use this selection to make corrections or additions to your own Verb Tutorials.

To delete a verb in the Verb Window, select the verb by clicking on it with the mouse, then press the Delete button.

Options:

Use	To

Verb Set 	Choose the Verb Set to Modify.

Description 	Short description of the verb set.

Tutor Setup

  CharSet	Change character set used to display verbs in the Verbs Window. (kanji, hiragana, katakana, romaji).

Add	Add verbs to this verb set.

Delete	Delete a verb or verbs in the Verbs Window. Highlight the verbs to delete in the Verbs Window by clicking on them, then press the Delete button.

Save	Save changes to tutor.usr file.

Cancel 	Do not change the  verb set. Return to the Verb Index Window.

Help 	Shows this Help screen.

See Also

Define Verb Set

Define Verb Set Window


Tutorial Suite

The tutorial suite runs the selected tutorials in sequence on the selected verb set, automatically. Use this selection to drill yourself on a particular group of verbs. It is a good learning aid, because it forces you to use that verb set several times. Do one, two, three, or all of the tutorials. Use the mouse to check the ones you would like to do.

The Tutorial Suite is started by selecting the Tutorial Suite from the Tutorial menu. Choose the tutorials for this suite, then press the OK button.

The tutorials are listed in two groups, the flashcard or review type tutorials, and the quiz or game type tutorials. The flashcard type tutorials are run first, followed by the quiz type tutorials.

Flashcard type tutorials

Review

FlashCard K/Y/E

FLashCard 2

Review Endings

Quiz type tutorials

Matching

Multiple Guess

Moving Kanji

Practice Endings

During the tutorial suite the setup button will be absent from the Toolbar, and most of the menu items will be unusable. Use the Quit button to quit the tutorial.


View Verb Set

The View Verb Set command provides a direct way to browse through all the Vocabulary Sets.

Options:

Use	To

Verb Set	Select a verb set (or to select  a verb set for the next tutorial).

Method	Select one of six different tutorial methods.  The methods listed in pairs are: 1) Kanji/English, English/ Kanji, 2) Kanji/Yomikata, Yomikata/Kanji, 3) Yomikata/ English, English/Yomikata. For some tutorials, not all the methods differ or make sense. For FlashCard 2, MultiGuess, and Moving Kanji tutorials all of these methods make sense, while only one method from each pair makes sense for Matching. For FlashCard K/Y/E only Kanji/English or English/Kanji make sense. (This combo box displays the possible inflections when Practice Endings or Review Endings have been selected.)  Beginning students may just want to use Yomikata/English, or English/Yomikata.

Yomikata Charset	Select the character set to use to display the yomikata (hiragana, katakana, or romaji).

Tutor Setup CharSet	Select the character set to display the verbs in the Tutor Setup window (kanji,  hiragana, katakana, or romaji).

User Defined	Use the user defined verbs rather than the predefined verb sets. When this button is pressed, User Defined Verb sets will be accessible. The button name changes to System Defined. Pressing the button again will return the screen to System Defined Verb Sets and change the button back to User Defined.

Help	Get information on how to use this dialog box.

OK	Exit the View Verb Set dialog box.


Tutor Setup
Tutor Setup Dialog Box

The Tutor Setup dialog box allows you to select which verb set that you want to learn or review, and how you wish to review it.

Options:

Use	To

Verb Set	Choose the verb set for the tutorial.

Method	Select one of six different tutorial methods.  The methods listed in pairs are: 1) Kanji/English, English/ Kanji, 2) Kanji/Yomikata, Yomikata/Kanji, 3) Yomikata/ English, English/Yomikata. For some tutorials, not all the methods differ or make sense. For FlashCard 2, MultiGuess, and Moving Kanji tutorials all of these methods make sense, while only one method from each pair makes sense for Matching. For FlashCard K/Y/E only Kanji/English or English/Kanji make sense. (This combo box displays the possible inflections when Practice Endings or Review Endings have been selected.)  Beginning students may just want to use Yomikata/English, or English/Yomikata.

Yomikata Charset	Select the character set to use to display the yomikata (hiragana, katakana, or romaji).

Tutor Setup CharSet	Select the character set  to display the verbs in the Tutor Setup window (kanji, hiragana katakana, romaji).

User Defined	Use the user defined verbs rather than the predefined verb sets. When this button is pressed, User Defined Verb sets will be accessible. The button name changes to System Defined. Pressing the button again will return the screen to System Defined Verb Sets and change the button back to User Defined.

Help	Get information on how to use this dialog box.

Go	Start the tutorial

Cancel	Cancel the tutorial

Note

The custom settings for the Yomikata Charset, Tutor Setup CharSet , and Method may be saved by using the Skill Level dialog box.


FlashCard K/Y/E

This FlashCard Window displays both the Yomikata and translation in sequence. Therefore the name, K/Y/E  (Kanji/Yomikata/English). This FlashCard Window is good for a new verb set when you are not familiar with the vocabulary set. When you know are trying to learn a specific relation only, Kanji/Yomikata or English/Kanji for instances, use FlashCard 2.

The Japanese (kanji) is displayed at twice the normal size by default (kanji/English only). To display the Japanese at normal size, click on the Japanese and it will display at normal size. To display the enlarged Japanese again, simply click on it again. To permanently save the Japanese character size, use the Skill Level dialog box, and save as Custom.

Options:

Show the previous card

Show the next item

Show this card again (when all cards have been shown at least once.

Go to the next card

Go to the previous card

See Also

Completed dialog box

Tutor Setup dialog box

Tutorial Toolbar


FlashCard 2

This FlashCard Window displays two of the three items needed to learn a Japanese word. This FlashCard Window works well when you are trying to learn a specific relation only, Kanji/Yomikata or English/Kanji for instances. When working on a new verb set you may want to use Review, or  FlashCard K/Y/E .

Options:

Show the previous card

Show the next item

Show this card again (when all cards have been shown at least once.

Go to the next card

Go to the previous card

See Also

Completed dialog box

Tutor Setup dialog box

Tutorial Toolbar


Review

Review shows the word, its yomikata, and the translation all at once. Its purpose in life is to help you get familiar with the verbs in a set before going on to the tutorial quizzes. After finishing the review of the words try FlashCard K/Y/E, then FlashCard 2, Matching, and so forth.

The Japanese (kanji) is displayed at twice the normal size by default. To display the Japanese at normal size, click on the Japanese and it will display at normal size. To display the enlarged Japanese again, simply click on it again. To permanently save the Japanese character size, use the Skill Level dialog box, and save as Custom.

Options:

Go to the next card

Go to the previous card

 See Also

Completed dialog box

Tutor Setup dialog box

Tutorial Toolbar


Matching

Matching is a common form of paper testing. For this tutorial you match a word on the right side of the screen with the best choice on the left side of the screen or vice versa. If the choices match, the buttons are grayed. If not, they remain highlighted. To display more information on a particular button, click on it using the right mouse button instead of the left mouse button.

Right Button

Pressing the right button and holding it, while on one of the buttons will cause a window to pop up with additional English translations for the English buttons, yomikata for the kanji buttons, and kanji for the yomikata buttons. If a yomikata/kanji method is being used, then nothing is displayed (this might give the answer away!).

See Also

Completed dialog box

Tutor Setup dialog box

Tutorial Toolbar


Multiple Guess
MultiGuess

MultiGuess, multiple guess, or multiple choice is a common form of paper testing. A word (or phrase) is displayed on top with four possible answers (guesses or choices) below. Selecting the correct answer advances the screen to the next verb. To display more information on a particular button, click on it using the right mouse button instead of the left mouse button.

Right Button

Pressing the right button and holding it, while on one of the buttons will cause a window to pop up with additional English translations for the English buttons, yomikata for the kanji buttons, and kanji for the yomikata buttons. If a yomikata/kanji method is being used, then nothing is displayed (this might give the answer away!).

See Also

Completed dialog box

Tutor Setup dialog box

Tutorial Toolbar


Moving Kanji

Moving Kanji is a game like tutorial. A word (many times kanji) moves back and forth across a line near the bottom of the screen and buttons are displayed on the top. Matching the moving word with the correct button causes the button to disappear. If you click on a button that doesn't match the moving word changes. Don't worry, you'll get another chance at the word when you have gone through each word in the verb set at least once. To display more information on a particular button, click on it using the right mouse button instead of the left mouse button (you can not get more information on the moving word).

Right Button

Pressing the right button and holding it, while on one of the buttons will cause a window to pop up with additional English translations for the English buttons, yomikata for the kanji buttons, and kanji for the yomikata buttons. If a yomikata/kanji method is being used, then nothing is displayed.

See Also

Completed dialog box

Tutor Setup dialog box

Tutorial Toolbar


Practice Endings

The Practice Endings tutorial gives you a chance to test your ability to inflect a Japanese verb with a particular inflection. The inflection being tested is selected in the Tutor Setup dialog box or on the toolbar of the Practice Endings window. A description of the commands follows.

Click on the [verb + inflection name]  to have the Verbs Help window popup with an explanation of that inflection.

Options:

Use	To

Go to the next card. (Displayed only after the Give up button has been pressed.)

Give up, show the answer and move to the next card.

Type in the inflected form of the verb in the Verb Input Window. If the inflection form is correct, a message will be displayed.  To go to the next verb  (if any), press the next-card button.  You will be given 4 tries to get the form correct. If you don't know the form, press [image]  (the give up button) and the answer will be displayed.

Note You may have to activate the Verb Input Window on some occasions. Do this by positioning the mouse on the Verb Input Window and clicking the left button.

See Also

Completed dialog box

Tutor Setup dialog box

Tutorial Toolbar


Review Endings

Review Endings is similar to Practice Endings and operates much like the Review FlashCard tutorial.  The endings of the selected inflection are shown. To advance to the next verb, press the next card button.

Click on the [verb + inflection name]  to have the Verbs Help window popup with an explanation of that inflection.

Options:

Use	To

Go to the next card

Go to the previous card

See Also

Completed dialog box

Tutor Setup dialog box

Tutorial Toolbar


Hide Verb Forms

Upon entering the Verb Form Window, when  Hide Verb Form is checked, the inflected verb forms will be hidden by the [image] button. Pressing the button uncovers the inflected form.

Unchecking the Hide check button on the Verb Form Toolbar  will uncover all the inflected forms.


Furigana

The small hiragana that appears above the kanji. It is usually used for students just starting out in Japanese (including the Japanese grade school students). The main problem with using furigana is that students tend to read the furigana and tend not to remember the kanji. Regular Japanese text does not have furigana.


Hiragana

One of the two kanas. Hiragana is used to write the Japanese words and to inflect Japanese verbs, put endings on adjectives, etc. Hiragana is characterized by more rounded and artistic strokes.


Inflection

A grammatical term used to describe the alteration of a word to indicate grammatical features such as tense, number, or person.


Intransitive

A term designating a verb that does not require a direct object. The Japanese word for Intransitive is jidoushi meaning self-moving. See Verb Help under the Help Menu for a more thorough explanation of Intransitive and Transitive.


Kanji

The Chinese characters used with the kanas to represent the Japanese Language. There are around 2000 basic kanji with an additional 5000+ other kanji. Some of the kanji were greatly simplified after W.W.II.


Katakana

One of the two kanas. Katakana is usually used to represent foreign words, but not always. It is characterized by straighter strokes.


Okurigana

The hiragana part of a verb or adjective showing inflection. The kana used to conjugate a verb or adjective.


Romaji

The method of writing Japanese with roman characters. It is highly ambiguous due to the number of homonyms in the Japanese language.

Beginners usually prefer to see Japanese this way, while those more advanced prefer to see real Japanese text (with kanji/hiragana/katakana)


Transitive

A term designating a verb that requires a direct object. The Japanese word for Transitive is tadoushi meaning other-moving. See Verb Help under the Help Menu for a more thorough explanation of Intransitive and Transitive.


Yomikata

Yomikata is the reading (or the pronunciation) of the kanji character(s). Kanji characters can have more than one yomikata and sometimes several yomikata. Usually a group of two or more kanji will have a single yomikata, but in some cases there is more than one way to read it. Many times if you have never seen the kanji word, you will not know how to pronounce it.


Other Programs

KiCompWare has created the products,

MOKE	A Japanese word processor for IBM PCs and compatibles.

Kanji Guess (KG)	A Kanji Learning program that tests you on vocabulary you enter.

MagView 	A  Windows program that displays Japanese manga files.

ReadBook	A Japanese Electronic Book Reader program.

For more information on these products and other miscellaneous  programs/files write or call KiCompWare.

Contacting KiCompWare


Find Next

Find next occurrence of Search Word entered in Find dialog box.


Firstpage, Nextpage, Prevpage

Advance the screen to the First Page of the list, next page of the list, or the previous page of the Verb list.


Select Page

Use Select Page dialog box jump to desired page..


Help Index

Display Japanese Verbs Program Help Contents.


Using Help

Display windows help on running the Windows help system.


File - Exit

Exit Japanese Verb program and return control to windows.


Romaji -> Hiragana Table

Show Romaji to Hiragana conversion table.


Romaji -> Katakana Table

Show Romaji to Katakana conversion table.


Help - About

Shows the About Help Window.


Help - HELP

Shows context specific help. That is, help related to the specific area of the program that is currently being displayed.


Warranty

Japanese Verbs (JVerbs) is provided as is. KiCompWare disclaims all warranties, expressed or implied, including but not limited to, warranties of merchantability and of fitness of this program for any purpose. KiCompWare assumes no liability for damages direct or consequential; this includes, but is not limited to, the loss of profit or data, which may result from the use of this program.


Technical Support

Technical Support is provided via the KiCompWare BBS (612-779-0886), via KiCompWare's Yozakura BBS, or by postal mail. KiCompWare welcomes your suggestions for improving Japanese Verbs and its programs as well as bug reports.  When you contact KiCompWare with a problem, please include the following information so we can better assist you.

JVerbs version number (see the About menu item under Help) and your registration number.

Your machine type (AT, 286, 386, 486), manufacturer and the configuration of your machine (additional cards, hard disk drive type and size,  keyboard, graphics adapter, etc.)

Version of MS-DOS

Version of Windows.

The contents of your config.sys file and autoexec.bat file.


Acknowledgements
Acknowledgments

There are many people who helped with Japanese Verbs. I would first like to thank my wife for creating and checking all the Japanese sentences (in a sense she is a co-author), Shozou and Yoshiko Kihara for editing the Japanese sentences, Al and Nancy Edwards for checking the English in various parts of the program and manual, and the other members of KiCompWare for keeping things going over the years and their help with Japanese Verbs. Special thanks to Kristi Hendrich for her comments and advice with the manual.

I would also like to specially thank the beta testers for their help and comments, especially Bruce Casner (US), John Ebert (US), Harold Rowe (Australia), and Thomas Vogl (US). And of course I must give a big thank you to all the KiCompWare supporters. Your support and interest has made Japanese Verbs possible.

The brush work for the new KiCompWare logo was done by Shozou Kihara.


Define Verb Set

Select up to 20 different Verbs. This function works much the same as the Verb List window.  However in this window you will not be able to see the verb forms or use the Verb Index. When through selecting verbs, use the Done button to bring up the Save Define Verb Set or the Edit Verb Set dialog box.

See Also

Define Verb Set

Define Verb Set Window

Edit User Verb Set

Save Defined Verb Set


KG 1.0

KG or Kanji Guess is a program for aiding in the study of Japanese. KG can help those who are quite advanced.. While studying Japanese is a time consuming quest, KG tries to help reduce the time needed to learn individual words. Learning Japanese is complicated by having to learn Kanji (the chinese characters), their readings (the way they are pronounced), and the translation of the Japanese to the native language. KG currently has several different types of quizzes to help learn the associations between the kanji word, the reading, and the translation. KG 1.0 works with a mouse and is the recommended way of using KG, but keyboard commands are also available.

The KG quizzes are: kanji guess, flashcard, multiple guess, matching, Kanji Fish, and GojuuOnjun. KG works on IBM PCs or compatible (non

Japanese machines) and requires either a Hercules, EGA, or VGA  graphics monitor.

Contact KiCompWare for pricing information.


MOKE 2.1

MOKE enables anyone with an IBM PC or compatible computer and a graphics monitor to enter Japanese. Japanese is entered via romaji. The kanas or Japanese syllabic characters are entered directly. When you enter a romaji representation (or yomikata) of a kanji, it is looked up in  the kana-to-kanji dictionary. The kana-to-kanji dictionary of some 25,000 line entries (more when subentries are also included) are frequency-ordered for fast searching. The dictionary includes everyday words, personal names, place names, and more.

MOKE features the ability to look up a word when the yomikata of only one of the kanji in the word is known. Because of its on-screen lookup of the yomikata and English translations of Japanese words and its ability to add words to the initially small Japanese-to-English dictionary, MOKE can aid in the study of Japanese or in the translation of Japanese.

The newest feature in MOKE is the Nelson's like radical lookup. It is sure to be a hit with non-Japanese users of MOKE

MOKE has utilities to print on Epson 9 and 24 pin compatible dot matrix printers, HP LaserJet Series (including the DeskJet), and postscript printers.

Requirements:

IBM PC or compatible

IBM-compatible graphics monitor (CGA, EGA, VGA, or 	      Hercules)

Hard disk drive

Basic knowledge of the Japanese language

Contact KiCompWare for avalibility and pricing information.


MagView
MagView 0.6

MagView is a Windows  program for viewing .mag and .mki files. For best results you should have a VGA adapter capable of 256 colors at 640x480 resolution or better. It will work with 16 colors, but windows will only give you dithered colors and not true colors. (.mag and .mki files use a 16 color palette not the same palette as windows provides). It also requires a 286 or better (standard or enhance modes only).

Many of the Japanese BBSs have CG (Color Graphics?) archives with .mag or .mki files. Alternately check NiftyServe under Software Gallery Forum. Most of the files are manga of cute girls drawn by various people. Some are quite good. Some samples are included on the MagView disk.

MagView  is freeware, but not public domain. It may be available on some BBSes or directly from KiCompWare for $10 to cover shipping and handling.

MagView has the capability to save graphics file loaded into memory to either Windows BMP or PCX formats.

For More Information on Japanese Graphics Files See:

 CG Art Collection, Amatoriasha 1991 Nov 25, ISBN4-87042-204-2, 1900 Yen


ReadBook
ReadBook 0.2

Read Book is a program that reads the 8 centimeter Denshi Book (or Electronic Book) CD-ROM disks. Sony introduced the Data Discman in July 1990 in Japan and then in the US (and other countries?) in Fall 1991. Sony also manufacturers a CD-ROM drive that can be hooked up to many Japanese PCs. There are 2 or 3 third party vendors selling software to read the CD-ROM's much like the Data Discman can.

ReadBook 0.2 is a very early release (read there are known minor bugs and could be major bugs in this program) and lacks many features that it  probably should have. ReadBook has been released in this form so we can get an idea of what interest there is in such a program and what kind of features those that are interested in it would like. The audience for this kind of program, while increasing everyday, pretty much relies on whether or not the PC that they are using has a CD-ROM.

ReadBook can read three Electronic Book CD-ROMs. They are:

Kenkyusha's New Collegiate English-Japanese, and Japanese-English,

Iwanami's Kojien,

Sansyusya's English, Japanese, Spanish Electronic

Books. However, all the features of each Electronic Book have not been fully implemented yet. There are many EB titles available in Japan. The access methods very widely, almost requiring separate features, or at least a verification that a  Electronic Book Reader works with an individual title. That is the main reason why ReadBook, at first, works with a limited number of Electronic Books.

Additionally, not all Electronic Book titles are readable by all the CD-ROM drives and Data Discman readers.

If there is sufficient interest, the program will be expanded to work with other such Electronic Book CD-ROMs.

Pricing

Shareware, but no charge until version 1.0

Avaliable on YoZakura and possibly other BBSes, or by mailing

$10 to KiCompWare. (one 360k disk)