General MIDI Specification -- Standard Patch and Key Assignments Microsoft has been pushing the MIDI Manufacturers Association (MMA) General MIDI Mode specification of standard patch and key assignments as part of the Multimedia Windows standard for device-independent MIDI. Although not all synthesizers will offer equivalent sounds to those below (in particular, certain high-end devices may offer different functionality, e.g. Proteus/2), the Microsoft MIDI Mapper utility included with Windows 3.1 can be used to configure most synthesizers to respond to the program numbers and key assignments that follow. Additionally, SoundBlaster- and AdLib-compatible sound cards include onboard MIDI devices that match these particular patch and key assignments, if not always with spectacular sounds. If you own high-end MIDI synthesis hardware, it may not be to your advantage to try to set up equivalent patch and key assignments via the MIDI Mapper; in fact, it may not be possible! However, the following information will be helpful to most users. ================================================================== Patch Assignments: program number followed by expected instrument Piano: 0 Acoustic Grand Piano 1 Bright Acoustic Piano 2 Electric Grand Piano 3 Honky-tonk Piano 4 Rhodes Piano 5 Chorused Piano 6 Harpsichord 7 Clavinet Chromatic Percussion 8 Celesta 9 Glockenspiel 10 Music Box 11 Vibraphone 12 Marimba 13 Xylophone 14 Tubular Bells 15 Dulcimer Organ 16 Hammond Organ 17 Percussive Organ 18 Rock Organ 19 Church Organ 20 Reed Organ 21 Accordion 22 Harmonica 23 Tango Accordion Guitar 24 Acoustic Guitar (nylon) 25 Acoustic Guitar (steel) 26 Electric Guitar (jazz) 27 Electric Guitar (clean) 28 Electric Guitar (muted) 29 Overdriven Guitar 30 Distortion Guitar 31 Guitar Harmonics Bass 32 Acoustic Bass 33 Electric Bass (finger) 34 Electric Bass (pick) 35 Fretless Bass 36 Slap Bass 1 37 Slap Bass 2 38 Synth Bass 1 39 Synth Bass 2 Strings 40 Violin 41 Viola 42 Cello 43 Contrabass 44 Tremolo Strings 45 Pizzicato Strings 46 Orchestral Harp 47 Timpani Ensemble 48 String Ensemble 1 49 String Ensemble 2 50 SynthStrings 1 51 SynthStrings 2 52 Choir Aahs 53 Voice Oohs 54 Synth Voice 55 Orchestra Hit Brass 56 Trumpet 57 Trombone 58 Tuba 59 Muted Trumpet 60 French Horn 61 Brass Section 62 Synth Brass 1 63 Synth Brass 2 Reed 64 Soprano Sax 65 Alto Sax 66 Tenor Sax 67 Baritone Sax 68 Oboe 69 English Horn 70 Bassoon 71 Clarinet Pipe 72 Piccolo 73 Flute 74 Recorder 75 Pan Flute 76 Bottle Blow 77 Shakuhachi 78 Whistle 79 Ocarina Synth Lead 80 Lead 1 (square) 81 Lead 2 (sawtooth) 82 Lead 3 (calliope lead) 83 Lead 4 (chiff lead) 84 Lead 5 (charang) 85 Lead 6 (voice) 86 Lead 7 (fifths) 87 Lead 8 (bass + lead) Synth Pad 88 Pad 1 (new age) 89 Pad 2 (warm) 90 Pad 3 (polysynth) 91 Pad 4 (choir) 92 Pad 5 (bowed) 93 Pad 6 (metallic) 94 Pad 7 (halo) 95 Pad 8 (sweep) Synth Effects 96 FX 1 (rain) 97 FX 2 (soundtrack) 98 FX 3 (crystal) 99 FX 4 (atmosphere) 100 FX 5 (brightness) 101 FX 6 (goblins) 102 FX 7 (echoes) 103 FX 8 (sci-fi) Ethnic 104 Sitar 105 Banjo 106 Shamisen 107 Koto 108 Kalimba 109 Bagpipe 110 Fiddle 111 Shanai Percussive 112 Tinkle Bell 113 Agogo 114 Steel Drums 115 Woodblock 116 Taiko Drum 117 Melodic Tom 118 Synth Drum 119 Reverse Cymbal Sound Effects 120 Guitar Fret Noise 121 Breath Noise 122 Seashore 123 Bird Tweet 124 Telephone Ring 125 Helicopter 126 Applause 127 Gunshot ================================================================== Key Assignments: key number followed by expected instrument 35 (B1) Acoustic Bass Drum 36 (C2) Bass Drum 1 37 (C#2) Side Stick 38 (D2) Acoustic Snare 39 (D#2) Hand Clap 40 (E2) Electric Snare 41 (F2) Low Floor Tom 42 (F#2) Closed High Hat 43 (G2) High Floor Tom 44 (G#2) Pedal High Hat 45 (A2) Low Tom 46 (A#2) Open High Hat 47 (B2) Low-Mid Tom 48 (C3) High-Mid Tom 49 (C#3) Crash Cymbal 1 50 (D3) High Tom 51 (D#3) Ride Cymbal 1 52 (E3) Chinese Cymbal 53 (F3) Ride Bell 54 (F#3) Tambourine 55 (G3) Splash Cymbal 56 (G#3) Cowbell 57 (A3) Crash Cymbal 2 58 (A#3) Vibraslap 59 (B3) Ride Cymbal 2 60 (C4 -- middle C) High Bongo 61 (C#4) Low Bongo 62 (D4) Mute High Conga 63 (D#4) Open High Conga 64 (E4) Low Conga 65 (F4) High Timbale 66 (F#4) Low Timbale 67 (G4) High Agogo 68 (G#4) Low Agogo 69 (A4) Cabasa 70 (A#4) Maracas 71 (B4) Short Whistle 72 (C5) Long Whistle 73 (C#5) Short Guiro 74 (D5) Long Guiro 75 (D#5) Claves 76 (E5) High Wood Block 77 (F5) Low Wood Block 78 (F#5) Mute Cuica 79 (G5) Open Cuica 80 (G#5) Mute Triangle 81 (A5) Open Triangle NB. Key assignments apply only to the MIDI channel used for drums and percussion. On many MIDI devices, drum patches of this type are only available on a single MIDI channel, usually either channel 10 or channel 16. Many MIDI devices of this type support more than one drum patch, in which case the above key assignment map is accessed by sending MIDI program 0 to the channel used for drums.