P9                                                                               P1   Start      Information to get you up and running                            P3   Travel     How to move around the spreadsheet with the cursor               P4   Formats    How to change the appearance of your spreadsheet                 P5   Printing   Print all/portion of spreadsheet                                 P10  Columns    How to Adjust the width of a Column                              P11  Graphs     A description of available graphs                                P12  Macros     A little about macro keystroking                                 P14  Range      Operating on a Range of cells                                    P16  Advanced   How to use the special ASEASY Functions                          P                                                                                P                                                                                P                                                                                P                                                                                P                                                                                P                                                                                P                                                                                P                                                                                P                                                                                P                                                                                P                          *** A S-E A S Y-A S ***                               P                                                                                P    Welcome to the ASEASYAS help screens.  To view  a  selected  page  of       P    help,  simply  move  the  pointer  (  at the bottom of the screen) to       P    highlight a command and press [enter].                                      P                                                                                P    To access the MAIN menu from the spreadsheet press the  [/]  key.  To       P    exit from any menu press the [ESC] key.                                     P                                                                                P    The  ASEASYAS  menu  structure  follows  a  series of branches.  Each       P    branch represents ,  either an additional menu or at the lowest level       P    a command choice.                                                           P                                                                                P    Several  command switches must be activated to enable display options       P    on different types of monitors.  For example:                               P                                                                                P      ASEASY /H           Enables graphics for Hercules type adaptors           P      ASEASY /E           Enables graphics for EGA      type adaptors           P      ASEASY /Q           Quick screen updating for CGA type adaptors           P     (-- See Next Page for Instructions on How to Order Your OWN Copy --)       P                         O R D E R    F O R M                                   P                                                                                P    To  order  YOUR  OWN  copy  of  AS-EASY-AS,  print  this form on your       P    printer,  using Shift-PrtSc,  fill it out and send it to TRIUS,  Inc.       P    with a $30.00 check.                                                        P        Send a copy of AS-EASY-AS to:                                           P                                                                                P            Name: ________________________________________                      P                                                                                P            Address: _____________________________________                      P                                                                                P            City:______________  State:_____  Zip:________                      P                                                                                P        Enclosed is a check for $30.00 payable to:                              P                                                                                P             TRIUS, Inc.                                                        P             15 Atkinson Street                                                 P             Lynn, Mass.  01905                                                 P                                                                                P       Signature__________________________   Date:____/____/_____               P                     M O V I N G   A R O U N D                                  P                                                                                P        ╔═══════════╗                      ╔══════╦═══════╦═══════╗             P        ║    TAB    ║                      ║   7  ║    8  ║    9  ║             P        ║   PgRt    ║                      ║ Home ║   UP  ║  Pgup ║             P        ║   PgLt    ║                      ╠══════╬═══════╬═══════╣             P        ╚═══════════╝                      ║   4  ║    5  ║    6  ║             P                                           ║ Left ║       ║  Right║             P   Each of the keys on the cursor          ╠══════╬═══════╬═══════╣             P   keypad has the ability to move          ║   1  ║    2  ║    3  ║             P   the cursor around the spreadsheet.      ║ End  ║  Down ║  PgDn ║             P                                        ╔══╚══════╬═══════╬═══════╝             P    Home - Move to cell A1              ║    0    ║    .  ║                     P    Up   - Move up one row              ║ Insert  ║ Delete║                     P    Pgup - Move up 20 rows              ╚═════════╩═══════╝                     P    Left - Move left one column                                                 P    Right- Move right one column        PgRt - Move right one page              P    Down - Move down one row            PgLt - Move left  one page              P    Pgdn - Move down 20 rows                                                    P                                                                                P                     F O R M A T T I N G                                        P                                                                                P    The  appearance  of  cells  in  a rectangular range can be assigned a       P    format with the following keystrokes: /rf                                   P                                                                                P    Possible choices of format include;         Format Status                   P                                                                                P           Fixed                 123.12           [F2]                          P           Scientific           1.245E8           [S3]                          P           Comma                1,500.0           [,1]                          P           Percent                34.12           [%1]                          P           General                                                              P           Text                  +A1+B2           [T ]                          P           +/-                    +++++           [+/-]                         P           Currency              $523.5           [C1]                          P           Reset                            Return to global format             P                                                                                P     When a format has been assigned to a cell the format status, next to       P     the CELL indicator will be displayed.                                      P                                                                                P                      P R I N T I N G                                           P                                                                                P    The print menu may be selected from the main menu by  selecting  then       P    PRINT  sub-menu.  Your  next  decision  will  be to either,  send all       P    output to a printer OR send all output to an ascii .PRN file.               P                                                                                P    After selecting your output device,  you must define a range to print       P    with the RANGE command.  Listed below is the print menu structure.          P                                                                                P         Range  Line  Page  Align  Other  Go  Quit                              P                                                                                P    Once  the  range has been defined you can start printing by selecting       P    GO.  To exit the print menu select QUIT.                                    P                                                                                P                                                                                P                                                                                P                                                         [More........]         P                                                                                P                                                                                P                                                                                P    Range - stands for the rectangular area of the spreadsheet  which  is       P    to be printed.  This must be defined prior to initiating printing.          P                                                                                P    LINE - this advances the paper in the printer a single line upwards.        P                                                                                P    PAGE  - this advances the paper in the printer to the top of the next       P    page                                                                        P                                                                                P    ALIGN - Since most computers don't know exactly where the top of  the       P    page  is  you have to tell it.  So line up the paper perforation with       P    the top  of  your  printers  print  head.  Then  select  ALIGN.  This       P    synchronizes the computers and the printer so the pages line up.            P                                                                                P    If  you  don't  ALIGN  your  printer  you  may  print  over the paper       P    perforation. Messy!                                                         P                                                                                P                                                                                P                                                         [More........]         P                                                                                P                                                                                P    OTHER - This selection allows  access  to  another  menu  of  printer       P    options  like  margins,  page-lengths,  headers,  footers and printer       P    setup strings.                                                              P                                                                                P    GO     - Finally when your ready to print, select go.                       P                                                                                P    Notes:  You can stop the printer at any time by  pressing  the  [ESC]       P    key.                                                                        P                                                                                P                                                                                P                                                                                P                                                                                P                                                                                P                                                                                P                                                                                P                                                                                P                                                                                P                                                                                P                                                                                P                                                                                P                    Controlling the Printer                                     P                    -----------------------                                     P                                                                                P    With  every  type  of  printer  you  usually  get  a  printer manual.       P    Somewhere  in  the  manual  are  instructions  for   formatting   the       P    appearance of characters produced by the printer.  These instructions       P    usually  consist  of  a  series  of  codes  sent to the printer.  For       P    example the codes to produce  EMPHASIZED  text  with  an  EPSON  type       P    printer are: 027 069                                                        P                                                                                P    The  number  27 stands for the [escape] code and the number 69 stands       P    for the capital letter 'E'.                                                 P                                                                                P                                                                                P    You can define the codes by selecting the following PRINT commands:         P                                                                                P                OPTION     SETUP                                                P                                                         [More........]         P                                                                                P                                                                                P    All control codes must be placed in a  SETUP  string.  ASEASYAS  will       P    accept  codes  only  if they are seperated by a back-slash character.       P    [\] .  For example type the following in response to the  prompt  for       P    the setup string:                                                           P                                                                                P                 \027\069   [enter]                                             P                                                                                P    If  you  want to change the string you can edit it by reselecting the       P    SETUP option.  Other commonly used codes for an EPSON  type  printers       P    are:                                                                        P                                                                                P                 \027\070         Turn off emphasized text                      P                 \015             Turn on  condensed text                       P                 \018             Turn off condensed text                       P                 \014             Turn on  Enlarged  text                       P                 \020             Turn off Enlarged  text                       P                                                                                P    It  is  possible  to  place several different codes in the same Setup       P    string.                                                                     P                                                                                P                       C O L U M N    W I D T H S                               P                                                                                P    You may adjust the width of any individual  column  by  pressing  the       P    following sequence of keystrokes:                                           P                                                                                P                  /wcs32 [enter]                                                P                                                                                P    This  example  activates  the  main menu,  selects in order WORKSHEET       P    COLUMN SET and then  inputs  the  size  as  32  columns.  Instead  of       P    entering  a  column  width  manually you can also adjust the width by       P    using the cursor [left] and [right] keys.  Try pressing one of  these       P    keys when prompted for the column width.                                    P                                                                                P    You  can also adjust the global column width which applies equally to       P    all columns for which no local width has been assigned.  For  example       P    try typing:                                                                 P                                                                                P                      /wgc15 [enter]                                            P                                                                                P                                                                                P                               G R A P H S                                      P                                                                                P     Graphs can be created which plot up to 6 different curves.  Types of       P     graphs include:                                                            P                                                                                P              Line      - X values are treated as labels and plotted in         P                          the order they occur in the X-range                   P              X-Y       - X values treated as numbers                           P              Bar       - X values treated as labels                            P              Pie       - Y values plotted as % of sum of Y values.             P                                                                                P     Scaling  of  both the X and Y axis can be performed.  Log Scales can       P     also be applied to either the X or Y axis or Both axis.                    P                                                                                P     The graph menu  can  be  activated  by  the  following  sequence  of       P     keystrokes.                                                                P                                                                                P                /g                                                              P                                                                                P                                                                                P                               M  A  C  R  O  S                                 P    A macro is a sequence of keystrokes or command which can be performed       P   automatically,  just  like  a  program.  Macros  can  be  activated by       P   assigning a range name (which is preceeded  by  a  [\]  backslash  and       P   consists  of  a single letter from A..Z) to the first macro label in a       P   column.  The macro will execute downwards from the first row  until  a       P   blank  row  is  reached or the [esc] key is pressed.  The name \0 is a       P   special autoexecute macro which will  execute  immediately  after  the       P   spreadsheet is loaded.  Macro keys are defined by enclosing the key in       P   braces {}.  A list of keys follows:                                          P     {left}  - move cursor left          {graph}  - View graph  F10             P     {right} - move cursor right         {goto}   - goto cell,  F5              P     {up}    - move cursor up            {edit}   - edit cell,  F2              P     {down}  - move cursor down          {calc}   - calculate cell, F9          P     {erase} - erase label entry                                                P     {PgUp}  - move cursor 20 rows up     {PgDn}  - move cursor 20 rows dn      P     {PgRt}  - move a screen right        {PgLt}  - move a screen left          P     {esc}   - cancel operation              ~    - Substitute for [enter]      P                                                         [More........]         P                                                                                P                    A D V A N C E D     M A C R O S                             P     A  special  set  of programming macros is available which gives sub-       P     routines, goto's and special label and value inputs.  Each option is       P     preceded by a slash [/x] and an identify letter.  These choices  are       P     available only from within an executing macro.                             P                                                                                P          /xg     - GOTO to cell following instruction and start executing      P          /xc     - CALL routine at following cell and execute until /xr        P          /xi     - IF  true then execute at following cell:else next row       P          /xr     - RETURN from a called subroutine                             P          /xl     - Input a LABEL and place at following cell                   P          /xn     - Input a NUMBER and place at following cell                  P          /xq     - QUIT, stop executing the macro                              P                                                                                P      For example:                                                              P         /xlA5~    This will prompt for a label on the command line             P                   and place the result in cell A5.                             P                                                                                P                                                                                P                                                                                P                                 R A N G E                                      P    The  Range  command  allows  you to operate on a rectangular block of       P    cells.  For example,  consider all the cells bounded by cell  A1  and       P    cell  D2,  and  assume that the cursor is currently at A1.  To format       P    all the cells within the  above  block,  to  fixed  format  with  two       P    decimals, enter the followin keystrokes:                                    P                                                                                P         /rff2 [ENTER] [LEFT] [LEFT] [DOWN] [DOWN] [ENTER]                      P         │││││    │      │      │      │       │     │                          P         │││││    │      │      │      │       │  Finish                        P         │││││    │      │      │      │       │  Operation                     P         │││││    │      │      │      │   Move to D2                           P         │││││    │      │      │  Move to D1                                   P         │││││    │      │  Move to C1                                          P         │││││    │   Move to B1                                                P         ││││└ 2 Decimals                                                       P         │││└ Fixed                                                             P         ││└ Format                                                             P         │└ Range                                                               P         └ Invoke Menu                                   [More........]         P                                                                                P                                                                                P    The following operations can be performed on a range(block) of cells:       P                                                                                P     FORMAT       :  Format a range of cells to display in fixed,               P                     scientific, dollar, text, plus-minus, and other            P                     forms.                                                     P                                                                                P     NAME         :  Give a range of cells a name that you can use              P                     in any calculations or spreadsheet manipulations.          P                                                                                P     ERASE        :  Erase a range of cells                                     P                                                                                P     LABEL-PREFIX :  Set up a range of cells to default to left                 P                     justified, right justified or centered.                    P                                                                                P     TRACE        :  Trace the links to a cell throughout the                   P                     worksheet.                                                 P                                                                                P                                                                                P                            F U N C T I O N S                                   P                                                                                P    The  following functions act upon the arguement (represented by 'x' )       P    contained within the parenthesis.  The argument may be a value  or  a       P    formula which references other cells within the spreadsheet.                P                                                                                P        Function     Description                                                P        --------     -----------                                                P        @ABS(x)      Returns the absolute value of arguement.                   P                                                                                P                     Example.  @ABS(-10) = 10                                   P                                                                                P        @INT(x)      Integer value of arguement. The fractional part            P                     of the number is truncated  and  the  integer              P                     remainder is returned.  Values must be within              P                     the range of;                                              P                     -35680 < x < 35678                                         P                     Example: @INT(10.6) = 10            [More........]         P                                                                                P                                                                                P        Function     Description                                                P        --------     -----------                                                P        @SQRT(x)     Square root of arguement.                                  P                     Example:  @SQRT(2) = 1.4142135624                          P                                                                                P        @LOG(x)      Logarithmn to base '10'                                    P                     Example: @LOG(10) = 1                                      P                                                                                P        @LN(x)       Natural Logarithmn of base 'e'                             P                     Example: @LN(6)= 1.7917594692                              P                                                                                P        @PI          Constant which has a value of 3.14159...                   P                                                                                P        @SIN(x)      Sine of angle, x must be expressed in radians.             P                     Example: @SIN(1.0471975512) = 0.86602540378                P                                                                                P        @COS(x)      Cosine of angle, x in radians.                             P                     Example: @COS(1.0471975512) = 0.5     [More.......]        P                                                                                P                                                                                P        Function     Description                                                P        --------     -----------                                                P        @TAN(x)      Tangent of angle, x in radians                             P                     Example: @TAN(1.0471975512) = 1.7320508076                 P                                                                                P        @ATAN(x)     Arc Tangent of value, returns radians as result            P                     Example: @ATAN(1.7320508076) = 1.0471975512                P                                                                                P        @ASIN(x)     Arc sine of value, returns radians as result               P                     Example: @ASIN(0.86602540378) = 1.0471975512               P                                                                                P        @ACOS(x)     Arc cosine of value, returns radians                       P                     Example: @ACOS(0.5) = 1.0471975512                         P                                                                                P        @EXP(x)      Raise 'e' to the 'x' power                                 P                     Example: @EXP(5) = 148.4131591      [More.......]          P                                                                                P                                                                                P                                                                                P                                                                                P        Function     Description                                                P        --------     -----------                                                P        @MOD(x,y)    Modula division, returns the remainder of x                P                     divided by y                                               P                     Example: @MOD(10,3) = 1                                    P                              @MOD(8,2)  = 0                                    P                                                                                P        @NA          Constant has a value of -1                                 P                                                                                P        @TRUE        Constant has a value of 1                                  P                                                                                P        @FALSE       Constant has a value of 0                                  P                                                                                P        @RAND        Returns a variable random number                           P                                                                                P        @ROUND(x,y)  Rounds the value of x to y digits right of the             P                     decimal.  Negative numbers round to  left  of              P                     decimal.                                                   P                     Example: @ROUND(10.1234,1) = 10.1                          P                              @ROUND(123.123,-2)= 100     [More.......]         P              F I N A N C I A L   F U N C T I O N S (1)                         P                                                                                P             @PMT(Principal,interest rate,period)                               P                                                                                P    Returns  the  amount  of  an  annuity  equal  to  the  principal            P    amortized over the period.                                                  P                Example: @PMT(75000,0.0925,30) = 7462.61                        P    ----------------------------------------------------------------            P            @PV(Annuity,interest rate,period)                                   P                                                                                P    Returns the present value corresponding  to  an  annuity  occuring          P    over the specified period.  Reverse of the above.                           P                Example: @PV(700,0.0925,30) = 7035.08                           P    ----------------------------------------------------------------            P            @FV(Annuity,interest rate,period)                                   P                                                                                P    Returns the future value corresponding to  an  annuity  occuring            P    over the specified period.  Reverse of the above.                           P                 Example: @FV(700,0.0925,30) = 99979.77    [More.......]        P                                                                                P            F I N A N C I A L   F U N C T I O N S  (2)                          P                                                                                P            @NPV(Interest rate,Range)                                           P                                                                                P     Returns  the  Net  present  value  of a cash flow over interest            P     period.                                                                    P              Example: @NPV(700,0.0925,30) = Not Available yet                  P    ----------------------------------------------------------------            P            @IRR(Interest rate,Range)                                           P                                                                                P    Returns the Rate of Return per period  associated  with  a  cash            P    flow.                                                                       P              Example: @NPV(700,0.0925,30) = Not Available yet                  P                                                                                P                                                                                P                                                                                P                                                                                P                                                                                P                                                                                P                                                                                P              S T A T I S T I C A L   F U N C T I O N S (1)                     P                                                                                P    Statistical  functions  operate  on  a  range  of  values.   A  range       P    specifies a rectangular block of data in the  spreadsheet.  Only  ONE       P    range may be used as an arguement.  i.e.  Range = A1..B10 defines the       P    block of data from                                                          P                                                                                P                          a1...b1                                               P                         a10...b10                                              P                                                                                P    When specifying the range only two  dots  can  be  used  to  seperate       P    cells. i.e.  A1..B6                                                         P                                                                                P           The range may be specified in two ways.                              P                                                                                P    The  first way is to type the name of the formula up to and including       P    the first bracket.  At this point use the cursor  keys  to  move  the       P    pointer  out  of  the cell,  and move it to one corner of the desired       P    range you wish to highlight.                                                P                                                          [More........]        P              S T A T I S T I C A L    F U N C T I O N S (2)                    P                                                                                P    Press the '.' key.  This  anchors  the  pointer  so  that  additional       P    pointer movements highlights more than just a single cell.                  P                                                                                P    Expand the pointer until the desired range is completely highlighted.       P    If  the  range  is bigger than that area displayed on the screen then       P    press the '.' anchor key to examine each of the corners of the range.       P    A little flashing cursor will indicate  the  current  corner.  It  is       P    also this side of the pointer which may be moved by the cursor keys.        P                                                                                P    When the range is completly highlighted press any other key to return       P    to your original cell and continue to input your formula.  Or if your       P    finished  with  the formula press the [enter] key.  Your formula will       P    be entered into the spreadsheet at the current cell position.               P                                                         [More........]         P                                                                                P                                                                                P                                                                                P                                                                                P              S T A T I S T I C A L   F U N C T I O N S (3)                     P                                                                                P    The second way to specify a range is simply to type the range name by       P    specifying the corners of the range as individual cells separated  by       P    two periods. i.e.  A1..B2                                                   P                                                                                P                                                                                P    Presented  below  are  the  statistical  functions  available  within       P    ASEASYAS.  To illustrate the use  of  each  function  an  example  is       P    included.                                                                   P                                                                                P                                                                                P    All  examples will operate on the numbers contained in the portion of       P    the spreadsheet duplicated below, A1..B2                                    P                                                                                P                      /........A/.......B/.......C/                             P                    1       1.1      5.6      8.2                               P                    2       2.3      7.5       10                               P                    3       3.5      4.4        2                               P                                                         [More........]         P              S T A T I S T I C A L   F U N C T I O N S (4)                     P                                                                                P        @SUM(Range)   Returns the summation of the range                        P                      Ex. @sum(A1..C3) = 44.6                                   P                                                                                P        @AVG(Range)   Returns the average of the range                          P                      Ex. @avg(a1..B2) = 4.955555                               P                                                                                P        @COUNT(Range) Returns the number of elements in the range               P                      Ex. @count(A1..B2) = 9                                    P                                                                                P        @MIN(Range)   Returns the minimum value in the range                    P                      Ex. @min(A1..B2) = 1.1                                    P                                                                                P        @MAX(Range)   Returns the maximum value in the range                    P                      Ex. @max(A1..B2) = 10                                     P                                                                                P        @VAR(Range)   Returns the population variance of the range              P                      Ex. @var(A1..B2) =  8.438024       [More........]         P                                                                                P               S T A T I S T I C A L   F U N C T I O N S (5)                    P                                                                                P        @STD(Range)   Returns the standard deviation of the elements            P                      in the range                                              P                      Ex. @std(A1..B2) =  2.904827                              P                                                                                P        @HLOOKUP(compare,range,ofs)                                             P                      Returns the value at vertical offset in the column        P                      that matches the  compare value.                          P                      Ex. @HLOOKUP(5.6,A1..C3,1)                                P                                                                                P        @VLOOKUP(compare,range,ofs)                                             P                      Returns the value at horizontal offset in the row         P                      that matches the compare value.                           P                      Ex. @VLOOKUP(2.3,A1..C3,2)                                P                                                                                P                                                                                P                                                                                P                                                         [More........]         P                                                                                P                   L O G I C A L   F U N C T I O N S                            P                                                                                P      The function    @IF(Test arguement,arg1,arg2)    returns:                 P                                                                                P                    value of arg1 if the test is true                           P                   value of arg2 if the test is false                           P                                                                                P           Test must utilize logical operators  >,<,=,<>  etc.                  P                                                                                P               Example    @if(10>2,3*2,4+5) = 6                                 P                          @IF(10<2,3*2,4+5) = 9                                 P                                                                                P    As an example of using a logical comparison within a formula try            P    the following:                                                              P                                                                                P                 +(a1>2)*3+(a1<=2)*4                                            P                                                                                P    This formula will yield a result of 3 if  the  value  stored  in            P    cell  A1  is  greater  than 2 and will yield a 4 if the value is            P    less than or equal to 2.                                                    P                    D A T E      F U N C T I O N S                              P                                                                                P    @DATE(Year,Month,Day)                                                       P          Returns a unique integer for each day since Jan 1,1900                P                                                                                P    @TODAY                                                                      P          Returns the unique integer corresponding to todays date               P          referenced to Jan 1, 1900                                             P                                                                                P    @YEAR(x)                                                                    P          Based on unique day assigned to 'x', computes the year in             P          which that day occurs                                                 P                                                                                P                                                                                P                                                                                P                                                                                P                                                                                P                                                                                P                                                                                P                                                   [End.........]               