                            AMERICAN INDIAN RESEARCH
                            ------------------------

As of the 1980 Federal census there were 25 pages (80 tribes to a page) 
of listed "tribes" to be coded and those not listed had a special code 
number.  The more well known tribes were: Apache, Navajo, Hopi, 
Cheorkee, Sioux, Iroquois, Crow, Cippewa and many others.  The tribes 
that are less known include the Attu, Atka, Hoh, Makah, Sanak, etc. 
Some tribes have more and better records than others.  Our way of doing 
genealogy does not always fit the Indian way.  They may take into their 
home an orphan, the homeless of any age, a widow or other stray and 
call them "brother, sister, aunt" etc... and there may be no blood 
relationship at all.  It was also an accepted practice to use the 
moather's family name and she could be listed as head of household.  An 
Indian name genrally does not tell you if the person is male or female. 

Sometimes in the census/index records you will find a number iwth 
thename.  This number could be a "roll" number and is very important. 
Keep it.

Many indians were missed completely on the census rolls when taken 
because of distance, lack of communication and undestanding of the 
language and customs.  Others did not want to admit to being Indian 
andsome just refused to report.  Also, as with all people, names were 
written as then sounded to the person taking the census.  ( Pal could 
be listed as Powell).  Many Indians had only one name which did not 
help to keep the records correct.  There were many with given and 
surnames so different from what the record taker was accustomed to that 
they did not always undersand them or know how to record them.

In 1835 the US Government classified as "Indian" anyone with 1/4 
degree of Indian blood.

The Cherokee nation was lucky in that there was a census taken in 
1835 before they were moved in what is know as "The Trail of Tears" to 
Arkansas and Oklahoma.  But in thre three years between 1835 and 1838 
no records seem to have been kept of those Cherokee Indians who were 
born, who died along the way, who never left their homes, or who 
initially reached the new terriroty.

Originally the Indian was to be included in the Vital Statistic 
Records of each state when taht state began keeping records but because 
Indians were spread out in large area, complete registering was not 
done for many years.  There are many tribal offices for different 
tribes as well as Bureau of Indian Affairs offices for different areas. 

These have information that may prove helpful but they do not do 
genealogical research.  See the following message for source records...

Superintendent of Documents, US Govt Printing Ofc, Washington DC 20402
US Dept Interior, BIA, Washington DC 20402
Eastern Bank of Cherokee Indians, Box 455, Cherokee, No CArolina 28719
Publication Svc, Haskell Indian Jr College, LAwrence Kansas 66044
Bureau of Ind Affairs, Muskogee Area Ofc, Muskogee Okla 74401
US Dept Interior, BIA, 316 N. 26th St, Billings Montana 59101
The places above can provide maps, books, and pamphlets.  You may also 
want to look at these Federal Archive Films ---

#7 RA3 index & final rolls  5 civilized Tribes - 1907 
T-496 1835 Cherokee Nation east of Mississippi
M-595 Calif & Nev Indian Census
M-653 1860 Fedl Census, Roll 52 & 54 contain Indian lands in Arkansas
M-123 1890 Fedl Census, roll 76 is Indian Territory
T-1082 1900 Fed census is listed as soundex for Indian Territory
T-623 1900 Fed census rols 1843-1854 are the rolls for the Cherokee,
      Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, Peoria, Quapaw, Seneca, Wyandotte, 
      Seminole, Modoc, Ottawa & Shawnee nations.  There are also special
      state censuses listing Indian population by tribes or 
      reservations.  There are the DAWES rolls of 1893 for the 5 
      civilized tribes and the final rolls of 1907 of the Cherokee 
T-273 Census of Creek Indians 1832
7RA-02 Choctaw census of 1896 and index
T-985 The Old Settlers Roll of 1895
M-685 Guion Miller report and others.
--------------------------------------------------------
Books of interest would be:

"Those Who Cried" by James W. Tyner (on those Cherokees listed in the 
1835 US Census).
"Supplement to the 1880 rolls of the Cherokee Nation-Indian Territory"
"Cherokee Advocate" semi-annual publication by the Cherokee Nationa, PO 
Box 948, Tahlequah OK 74464.
"Our Native Americans - Their Records of Genealogical Value" E. Kirkham
"Indians of the US Series B #2 - Genealogy Dept LDS.

                 DESCENDANTS OF POCAHONTAS
                 -------------------------

Pocahontas bc 1595 d 1617 m 1614 John Rolfe, issue one son - Thomas.
Thomas Rolfe b 1615 d ? m ? Jane Poythress, issue one dau - Jane.
Jane Rolfe b ? d 1676, m 1675 Col Robert Bolling, issue one son - John.
Col John Bolling of "Cobbs" b 1676, d 1729, m ? Mary Kennon, issue 6.
   the six children were John Bolling, Jane Randolph, Mary Fleming, 
   Elizabeth Gay, Martha Eldridge, and Anne Murray.

Of these six, the following families descended: Abbot, Alfriend, Allen, 
Ambler, Archer, Austin, Bannister, Baskerville, Bentley, Berkeley, 
Bernard, Berry, Bland, Bolling, Bolton, Bott, Botts, Bradford, Branch, 
Brown, Buchanan, Buford, Burton, Byrd, Cabell, Carr, Cary, Catlett, 
Chalmers, Clarke, Cobbs, Coleman, Covington, Cross, Dandridge, Davies, 
Deane, Dixon, Doswell, Douglass, Duval, Eggleston, Elam, Eldridge, 
Ellett, Ferguson, Fitzgerald, Fleming, Flood, Fox, Friend, Garrett, Gay, 
Gifford, Glover, Goode, Gordon, Grattan, Graves, Grayson, Green, Gregg, 
Griffin, Hackley, Hamilton, Hamlin, Hardaway, Harris, Harrison, 
Hereford, Houston, Hubard, Irving, James, Jeffrey, Jones, Kincaid, Knox, 
Lea, Lewis, Logan, McRae, MAcon, Markham, Maury, MAy, Meade, Megginson, 
Meredith, Mewburn, Michaux, Morris, Morrison, Murray, Page, Paulett, 
Perkins, Pleasants, Powell, Randolph, Rawlins, Robertson, Robinson, 
Roper, Ruffin, Russell, Scott, Shield, Skein, Skipwith, Southall, 
Stanard, STockdell, STrange, Tazewell, Thornton, Throckmorton, Tucker, 
Vaughn, Walke, Wallace, Watkins, Watson, Webber, Weisiger, West, White, 
Whittle, Wiley, Willard, Williams, Winston, Woodlief, Woodridge, Yates, 
and Yuilee.

If you would like more information or you have a connection, write to 
the Pocahontas Trails Genealogical Society, 3628 Cherokee Lane, Modesto 
CA 95356 or Don Doram, VP, 18620 Rhine Place, Cerritos, CA 90701.  In 
order to belong to the society you must prove descent from Pocahontas.
...aren't you sorry you missed the Calif Gen Soc gen fair??

                        INDIAN NEWSLETTER
                        -----------------

"The Journal of American Indian FAmily Research" bills itself as the 
only major publication devoted entirely to native AMerican family 
research.  It contains original records, hints on how to solve Indian 
research problems, Indian family information, queries, book reviews, at 
least 60 pages of useful information, published quarterly.  For more 
info contact them as HISTREE, 23011 Moulton Parkway C-8, Laguna Hills 
CA 92653.


                                   ****

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CHEROKEE TRIBE, NATIVE AMERICAN RESEARCH
----------------------------------------

While tracing Cherokee ancestry is difficult it is not
impossible.

Several census have been taken and tribal records have also been
kept.

There were records of the Eastern Cherokees and of the Western
Cherokees.  These records are representative of those existing
for other tribes which came under the jurisdiction of the Bureau
of Indian Affairs.

These records are located in the Fort Worth Federal Record
Center, the National Archives and the Oklahoma Historical Society
in Oklahoma City.

In 1838, several hundred Cherokees escaped into the mountains of
North Carolina and became known as the Eastern Band of Cherokees. 
At about the same time, many elected to take advantage of Article
12 of the 1835 treaty which allowed those desirous to stay in the
east if they met certain criteria.

Their records include a register of Cherokees who wished to
remain in the East (1817-1819, 2 volumes); emigration registers
of Indians who wished to migrate (1817-1838, 18 volumes)
applications for reservations in 1819 and the Henderson index of
1835 which consisted of 1959 persons of the Cherokee Nation in
North Carolina, Tennessee, Georgia and Alabama which was
submitted to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs in 1836 by Major
Currey who was in charge of the Census.  This census is on file
in the National Archives.

In 1848, the Mullay roll was made by John C. Mullay of the
Eastern Band located in North Carolina only.  This role included
1557 Cherokees.

This was followed by an annuity roll in 1851 taken by John
Drennen and the Emigrant Roll (an enumeration of Eastern Cherokee
who moved west after 1835 and were residing in Indian Territory
by 1851.

In 1851, David W. Silar was appointed to take a census of the
Cherokees east of the Mississippi to determine who could be
eligible to participate in a per capita payment based on the 1835
traty.  Silar submitted his census list which contained 1959
individuals by state and county in North Carolina, Tennessee,
Georgia and Alabama.

In 1851 and 1852 the per capita payments were made by Alfred
Chapman based on Silar's census to 2134 individuals.  This roll
played an important part in Guion Miller's preparation of his
roll completed in 1910.  Anyone who could trace their ancestry to
an individual on the Chapman Roll was included on Miller's roll.

S. H. Swetland was appointed to take a census in 1868.  He was to
use the Mullay Roll of 1848 as the basis for his census.  This
census was completed in 1868 and gives the families in the
Eastern Cherokee band.

In 1882, Joseph G. Hester was appointed to take the 5th census of
the Eastern Band.  Copies of the previous census were made
available to him and he was required to account for all persons
on the previous rolls by either including them on the new roll,
noting their deaths on the old rolls or describing their
whereabouts as unknown either to Hester or any of the Indians. 
This completed roll was submitted to the Secretary of Interior in
1884.  It contained 2956 persons residing in North Carolina,
Tennessee, Georgia, Alabama, South Carolina, Virginia, Illinois,
Kansas, Colorado, Kentucky, New Jersey, and California.  Those
living west of the Mississippi and listed by Hester were
descendants of members of the Eastern Band and had no affiliation
with the Cherokee Nation in the west.

There have been other census taken from time to time that
included the some of the Creek, Shawnees and Delawares that
became part of the Cherokee Nation.

The Western Cherokees were pretty much kept in seperate records
and rolls from the Eastern Band.  As far back as 1782, a group of
Cherokee who fought with the British in the Revolution petitioned
the Spanish for permission to settle west of the Mississippi. 
This was granted and a group began settlement in 1794 in the St.
Francis River valley in what is now southeastern Missouri. 
During 1811-1812, the Cherokees moved en masse to the Arkansas
region.  Under the Turkey Town treaty in 1817, these persons
received title to their lands.  As a result over 1100 Cherokees
emigrated from the East to the West in 1818-1819.

In 1828, the Cherokees ceded their lands in Arkansas for land in
Oklahoma.  While no record exists of the 2000 Cherokees who
emigrated before 1817, the rolls for those who moved because of
the treaties of 1817 and 1828 are in the National Archives in
Washington, D.C.

The Treaty of New Echota, 29 Dec 1835, respresented the final
cession of all Cherokee lands east of the Mississippi.  The
forced migration of of these Cherokees is knows as the "Trail of
Tears".  The 1851 Old Settler Roll lists each individual by
district and his/her children unless the mother was an emigrant
Cherokee.  In this case, the children were listed with their
mother on the Drennen Roll.  There were 44 family groups listed
as non-residents.  Guion Miller used this roll in compiling the
1910 record.  

There was the 1896 Payment Roll that is based on the above 1851
Old Settler Roll and listed each payees 1851 roll number, name,
age, sex, and post office address.

In 1879, the Cherokee National Council authorized a census and
this 1880 Census was arranged in 6 schedules.  Again, in 1883 and
1886, The Cherokee National Council authorized another census. 
In 1890, another census of the Cherokee Nation was made and it is
probably the most complete of any of the census.  It included
Cherokees and adoped whites, Shawnees and Delawares, orphans
under 16 yrs, those denied citizenship by the Cherokee
authorities, those whose claims to citizenship were pending,
intruders and whites living in the Cherokee Nation by permission.

There are numerous other records available in the National
Archives which include records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs,
US Army Mobile Units, Records of the Supreme Court, Records of
the US District Courts, Records of the US Court of Appeals,
Records of the US Court of Claims, Records of the Veterans
Administration.  Since the Cherokee Indians were not (generally)
subject to state courts, their civil and criminal court records
are normally found in the Federal Court records.

The Bureau of Indian Affairs records include the Indian Removal
records, the Land Division records, the Enrollment of the Easten
Cherokee, the Law and Probate Division records (this has to do
with the heirs of deceased Indian allottees), the Civilization
Division records, the Indian Civil War Claims records, the
Statistics Division records, the Finance Division records and the
Miscellaneous Division records.

Bureau of Indian Affairs Field Office records available for
Cherokees include Cherokee Agency, East located at National
Archives; Cherokee Agency, North Carolina located at FARC,
Atlanta; Cherokee Agency, West located at the National Archives.

In 1938, the Adjutant General's Office transferred its collection
of Confederate records to the National Archives.  While many of
the Confederate records were destroyed before seizure by the
Union Army, some records still exist.  Roll 74, Compiled Records
Showing Service of Military Units in Confederate Organizations
contains information about the Indian Organizations.  Also,
compiled military service records have been reproduced on
microfilm by the National Archives that include service records
of Confederate soldiers.  Also the Confederate States Army
Casualties and also ducuments pertaining to battles in Indian
Territory are in the records.

The Indian Archives in the Oklahoma Historical Society, Oklahoma
City, contains about 3 million manuscripts and 6 thousand bound
volumes of Indian documents.  This is the largest collection of
Inian documents in the United States outside of the National
Archives.  In additon, private collections are also housed at the
Oklahoma Historical Society.  These include the works of several
noted Indian historians.  In addition, the Oklahoma Historical
Society maintains an excellent collection of Oklahoma newspapers.

The Oklahoma Historical Society records contains 740 bound
volumes and 25 file drawers containing over 430 thousand pages
pertaining to the Cherokee Nation.

In doing Native American research, just remember that not all
Cherokee Indian descendants are REALLY Cherokee Indians.  Since
many persons who were white, members of other tribes, and slaves
were granted membership into the Cherokee tribe.  One should
check the Creek, Choctaw and Delaware records very closely also
as these groups contributed MANY members to the Cherokee Tribe.


                                   ****

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