


CHMOD(1L)						CHMOD(1L)


NNAAMMEE
       chmod - change the access permissions of files

SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS
       cchhmmoodd   [-Rcfv]	[--recursive]	[--changes]   [--silent]
       [--quiet] [--verbose] [--help] [--version] mode file...

DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN
       This manual page	documents  the	GNU  version  of  cchhmmoodd.
       cchhmmoodd changes the permissions of each given file according
       to _m_o_d_e, which can be either a symbolic representation  of
       changes	to  make, or an octal number representing the bit
       pattern for the new permissions.

       The     format	of	a     symbolic	mode      is
       `[ugoa...][[+-=][rwxXstugo...]...][,...]'.   Multiple sym-
       bolic operations can be given, separated by commas.

       A combination of the letters `ugoa' controls which  users'
       access  to  the file will be changed: the user who owns it
       (u), other users in the file's group (g), other users  not
       in  the	file's	group  (o), or all users (a).  If none of
       these are given, the effect is as if `a' were  given,  but
       bits that are set in the umask are not affected.

       The  operator  `+'  causes  the permissions selected to be
       added to the existing permissions of each file; `-' causes
       them  to	be  removed;  and `=' causes them to be the only
       permissions that the file has.

       The letters `rwxXstugo' select the new permissions for the
       affected	users:	read  (r), write (w), execute (or access
       for directories) (x), execute only if the file is a direc-
       tory  or already has execute permission for some user (X),
       set user or group ID on execution (s), save  program  text
       on swap device (t), the permissions that the user who owns
       the file currently has for it (u),  the	permissions  that
       other  users  in the file's group have for it (g), and the
       permissions that other users not in the file's group  have
       for it (o).

       A  numeric  mode	is  from one to four octal digits (0-7),
       derived by adding up the bits with values  4,  2,  and  1.
       Any  omitted  digits are assumed to be leading zeros.  The
       first digit selects the set user ID (4) and set	group  ID
       (2)  and save text image (1) attributes.	The second digit
       selects permissions for the user who owns the  file:  read
       (4), write (2), and execute (1); the third selects permis-
       sions for other users in the file's group, with	the  same
       values;	and  the fourth for other users not in the file's
       group, with the same values.

       cchhmmoodd ignores symbolic links; the cchhmmoodd system call cannot
       change their permissions.  This is not a problem since the



FSF			GNU File Utilities			1





CHMOD(1L)						CHMOD(1L)


       permissions of symbolic links are never used.

   OOPPTTIIOONNSS
       _-_c_, _-_-_c_h_a_n_g_e_s
	      Verbosely describe  only	files  whose  permissions
	      actually change.

       _-_f_, _-_-_s_i_l_e_n_t_, _-_-_q_u_i_e_t
	      Do  not print error messages about files whose per-
	      missions cannot be changed.

       _-_v_, _-_-_v_e_r_b_o_s_e
	      Verbosely describe changed permissions.

       _-_R_, _-_-_r_e_c_u_r_s_i_v_e
	      Recursively change permissions of	directories  and
	      their contents.

       _-_-_h_e_l_p Print a usage message and exit with a non-zero sta-
	      tus.

       _-_-_v_e_r_s_i_o_n
	      Print version information on  standard  error  then
	      exit.

































FSF			GNU File Utilities			2


