


LS(1L)							LS(1L)


NNAAMMEE
       ll, ls, lsf, dir, vdir - list contents of directories

SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS
       llss  [-abcdfgiklmnpqrstuxABCFGLNQRSUX1] [-w cols] [-T cols]
       [-I pattern] [--all]  [--escape]	[--directory]	[--inode]
       [--kilobytes]  [--numeric-uid-gid]  [--no-group]	[--hide-
       control-chars] [--reverse] [--size] [--width=cols] [--tab-
       size=cols]  [--almost-all] [--ignore-backups] [--classify]
       [--file-type] [--full-time] [--ignore=pattern] [--derefer-
       ence]	[--literal]	[--quote-name]	[--recursive]
       [--sort={none,time,size,extension}]		[--for-
       mat={long,verbose,commas,across,vertical,single-column}]
       [--time={atime,access,use,ctime,status}] [--help]  [--ver-
       sion] [path...]

DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN
       This manual page documents the GNU version of llss.  ddiirr and
       vvddiirr are versions of llss with different default output for-
       mats.   These  programs	list each given file or directory
       path.  Directory contents are sorted alphabetically.   For
       llss,  files are by default listed in columns, sorted verti-
       cally, if the standard output  is  a  terminal;	otherwise
       they  are  listed  one  per  line.   For ddiirr, files are by
       default listed in columns, sorted vertically.   For  vvddiirr,
       files are by default listed in long format.

   OOPPTTIIOONNSS
       _-_a_, _-_-_a_l_l
	      List  all files in directories, including all files
	      that start with `.'.

       _-_b_, _-_-_e_s_c_a_p_e
	      Quote nongraphic characters  in  file  names  using
	      alphabetic and octal backslash sequences like those
	      used in C.

       _-_c_, _-_-_t_i_m_e_=_c_t_i_m_e_, _-_-_t_i_m_e_=_s_t_a_t_u_s
	      Sort directory contents  according  to  the  files'
	      status  change  time  instead  of	the modification
	      time.  If the long listing format	is  being  used,
	      print the status change time instead of the modifi-
	      cation time.

       _-_d_, _-_-_d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y
	      List directories	like  other  files,  rather  than
	      listing their contents.

       _-_f     Do  not sort directory contents; list them in what-
	      ever order they are stored on the disk.	The  same
	      as enabling _-_a and _-_U and disabling _-_l_, _-_s_, and _-_t_.

       _-_-_f_u_l_l_-_t_i_m_e
	      List times in full, rather than using the	standard



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	      abbreviation heuristics.

       _-_g     Ignored; for Unix compatibility.

       _-_i_, _-_-_i_n_o_d_e
	      Print  the index number of each file to the left of
	      the file name.

       _-_k_, _-_-_k_i_l_o_b_y_t_e_s
	      If file sizes are being listed, print them in kilo-
	      bytes.   This  overrides	the  environment variable
	      POSIXLY_CORRECT.

       _-_l_, _-_-_f_o_r_m_a_t_=_l_o_n_g_, _-_-_f_o_r_m_a_t_=_v_e_r_b_o_s_e
	      In addition to the name of  each	file,  print  the
	      file type, permissions, number of hard links, owner
	      name, group name, size in bytes, and timestamp (the
	      modification time unless other times are selected).
	      For files with a time that is more  than	6  months
	      old or more than 1 hour into the future, the times-
	      tamp contains the year instead of the time of  day.

       _-_m_, _-_-_f_o_r_m_a_t_=_c_o_m_m_a_s
	      List  files  horizontally, with as many as will fit
	      on each line, separated by commas.

       _-_n_, _-_-_n_u_m_e_r_i_c_-_u_i_d_-_g_i_d
	      List the numeric UID and GID instead of the  names.

       _-_p     Append a character to each file name indicating the
	      file type.

       _-_q_, _-_-_h_i_d_e_-_c_o_n_t_r_o_l_-_c_h_a_r_s
	      Print question marks instead of nongraphic  charac-
	      ters in file names.

       _-_r_, _-_-_r_e_v_e_r_s_e
	      Sort directory contents in reverse order.

       _-_s_, _-_-_s_i_z_e
	      Print  the  size	of  each file in 1K blocks to the
	      left of the file name.  If the environment variable
	      POSIXLY_CORRECT  is  set,	512-byte blocks are used
	      instead.

       _-_t_, _-_-_s_o_r_t_=_t_i_m_e
	      Sort directory contents  by  timestamp  instead  of
	      alphabetically, with the newest files listed first.

       _-_u_, _-_-_t_i_m_e_=_a_t_i_m_e_, _-_-_t_i_m_e_=_a_c_c_e_s_s_, _-_-_t_i_m_e_=_u_s_e
	      Sort directory contents  according  to  the  files'
	      last  access time instead of the modification time.
	      If the long listing format is being used, print the
	      last  access time instead of the modification time.



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       _-_x_, _-_-_f_o_r_m_a_t_=_a_c_r_o_s_s_, _-_-_f_o_r_m_a_t_=_h_o_r_i_z_o_n_t_a_l
	      List the files in columns, sorted horizontally.

       _-_A_, _-_-_a_l_m_o_s_t_-_a_l_l
	      List all files in directories, except for	`.'  and
	      `..'.

       _-_B_, _-_-_i_g_n_o_r_e_-_b_a_c_k_u_p_s
	      Do  not  list  files that end with `~', unless they
	      are given on the command line.

       _-_C_, _-_-_f_o_r_m_a_t_=_v_e_r_t_i_c_a_l
	      List files in columns, sorted vertically.

       _-_F_, _-_-_c_l_a_s_s_i_f_y
	      Append a character to each file name indicating the
	      file  type.  For regular files that are executable,
	      append a `*'.  The file type indicators are `/' for
	      directories, `@' for symbolic links, `|' for FIFOs,
	      `=' for sockets, and nothing for regular files.

       _-_G_, _-_-_n_o_-_g_r_o_u_p
	      Inhibit display of group information in a long for-
	      mat directory listing.

       _-_L_, _-_-_d_e_r_e_f_e_r_e_n_c_e
	      List  the files linked to by symbolic links instead
	      of listing the contents of the links.

       _-_N_, _-_-_l_i_t_e_r_a_l
	      Do not quote file names.

       _-_Q_, _-_-_q_u_o_t_e_-_n_a_m_e
	      Enclose file names in double quotes and quote  non-
	      graphic characters as in C.

       _-_R_, _-_-_r_e_c_u_r_s_i_v_e
	      List the contents of all directories recursively.

       _-_S_, _-_-_s_o_r_t_=_s_i_z_e
	      Sort  directory  contents	by  file size instead of
	      alphabetically,  with  the  largest  files   listed
	      first.

       _-_U_, _-_-_s_o_r_t_=_n_o_n_e
	      Do  not sort directory contents; list them in what-
	      ever order they  are  stored  on	the  disk.   This
	      option  is  not  called  _-_f  because the Unix llss _-_f
	      option also enables _-_a and disables _-_l, _-_s, and _-_t.
	      It  seems useless and ugly to group those unrelated
	      things together in one option.  Since  this  option
	      doesn't do that, it has a different name.





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       _-_X_, _-_-_s_o_r_t_=_e_x_t_e_n_s_i_o_n
	      Sort  directory  contents	alphabetically	by  file
	      extension (characters after the  last  `.');  files
	      with no extension are sorted first.

       _-_1_, _-_-_f_o_r_m_a_t_=_s_i_n_g_l_e_-_c_o_l_u_m_n
	      List one file per line.

       _-_w_, _-_-_w_i_d_t_h _c_o_l_s
	      Assume  the  screen  is  _c_o_l_s  columns  wide.   The
	      default is taken from the terminal driver if possi-
	      ble;  otherwise the environment variable CCOOLLUUMMNNSS is
	      used if it is set; otherwise the default is 80.

       _-_T_, _-_-_t_a_b_s_i_z_e _c_o_l_s
	      Assume that each tabstop is _c_o_l_s columns wide.  The
	      default is 8.

       _-_I_, _-_-_i_g_n_o_r_e _p_a_t_t_e_r_n
	      Do  not list files whose names match the shell pat-
	      tern _p_a_t_t_e_r_n unless they are given on  the  command
	      line.   As  in the shell, an initial `.' in a file-
	      name does not match a wildcard at the start of _p_a_t_-
	      _t_e_r_n_.

       _-_-_h_e_l_p Print a usage message and exit with a non-zero sta-
	      tus.

       _-_-_v_e_r_s_i_o_n
	      Print version information on  standard  error  then
	      exit.

BBUUGGSS
       On  BSD systems, the _-_s option reports sizes that are half
       the correct values for files that are NFS-mounted from HP-
       UX  systems.   On HP-UX systems, it reports sizes that are
       twice the correct values for files  that	are  NFS-mounted
       from BSD systems.  This is due to a flaw in HP-UX; it also
       affects the HP-UX llss program.


















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