


OD(1L)							OD(1L)


NNAAMMEE
       od - dump files in octal and other formats

SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS
       oodd  [-abcCdfhiloxv] [-s[bytes]] [-w[bytes]] [-A radix] [-j
       bytes]	[-N   bytes]   [-t   type]   [--skip-bytes=bytes]
       [--address-radix=radix]	[--read-bytes=bytes]	[--for-
       mat=type]    [--output-duplicates]     [--strings[=bytes]]
       [--width[=bytes]]   [--compatible]   [--help]  [--version]
       [file...]

DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN
       This manual page documents the  GNU  version  of	oodd.   oodd
       writes  to  the	standard output the contents of the given
       files, or of the standard input if the name `-' is  given.
       Each  line  of  the  output  consists of the offset in the
       input file in the leftmost column of each  line,	followed
       by  one or more columns of data from the file, in a format
       controlled by the options.  By default, oodd prints the file
       offsets	in octal and the file data as two-byte octal num-
       bers.


   OOPPTTIIOONNSS
       _-_A_, _-_-_a_d_d_r_e_s_s_-_r_a_d_i_x_=_r_a_d_i_x
	      Select the base in which file offsets are	printed.
	      _r_a_d_i_x can be one of the following:

	      d	decimal

	      o	octal

	      x	hexadecimal

	      n	none (do not print offsets)

       The default is octal.

       _-_j_, _-_-_s_k_i_p_-_b_y_t_e_s_=_b_y_t_e_s
	      Skip  _b_y_t_e_s input bytes before formatting and writ-
	      ing.  If bbyytteess begins with  `0x'	or  `0X',  it  is
	      interpreted in hexadecimal; otherwise, if it begins
	      with `0', in octal; otherwise, in decimal.  Append-
	      ing  `b' multiplies it by 512, `k' by 1024, and `m'
	      by 1048576.

       _-_N_, _-_-_r_e_a_d_-_b_y_t_e_s_=_b_y_t_e_s
	      Only output up to _b_y_t_e_s bytes of each  input  file.
	      Any  prefixes and suffixes on bbyytteess are interpreted
	      as for the _-_j option.

       _-_t_, _-_-_f_o_r_m_a_t_=_t_y_p_e
	      Select the format in which to output the file data.
	      _t_y_p_e  is	a string of one or more of the below type



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OD(1L)							OD(1L)


	      indicator characters.  If you include more than one
	      type indicator character in a single _t_y_p_e string or
	      use this option more than once, oodd writes one  copy
	      of  each	output	line using each of the data types
	      that you specified, in the order	that  you  speci-
	      fied.

	      a	named character

	      c	ASCII character or backslash escape

	      d	signed decimal

	      f	floating point

	      o	octal

	      u	unsigned decimal

	      x	hexadecimal

       Except  for  types `a' and `c', you can specify the number
       of bytes to use in interpreting each number in  the  given
       data type by following the type indicator character with a
       decimal integer.	Alternately, you can specify the size of
       one  of	the C compiler's built-in data types by following
       the type indicator character with  one  of  the	following
       characters.  For integers (d, o, u, x):

	      C	char

	      S	short

	      I	int

	      L	long

       For floating point (f):

	      F	float

	      D	double

	      L	long double

       _-_v_, _-_-_o_u_t_p_u_t_-_d_u_p_l_i_c_a_t_e_s
	      Output  consecutive  lines  that are identical.  By
	      default, when two or more consecutive output  lines
	      would be equal, oodd outputs only the first line, and
	      puts just an asterisk  on	the  following	line  to
	      indicate that identical lines have been elided.

       _-_s_, _-_-_s_t_r_i_n_g_s_[_=_b_y_t_e_s_]
	      Instead  of  the	normal output, output only string



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OD(1L)							OD(1L)


	      constants in the input, which are a run of at least
	      _b_y_t_e_s  ASCII  graphic  (or  formatting) characters,
	      terminated by a  NUL.   If  _b_y_t_e_s	is  omitted,  it
	      defaults to 3.

       _-_w_, _-_-_w_i_d_t_h_[_=_b_y_t_e_s_]
	      The  number  of  input  bytes  to format per output
	      line.  It must be a multiple of  the  least  common
	      multiple of the sizes associated with the specified
	      output types.  If _b_y_t_e_s is omitted, it defaults  to
	      32.   If	this  option is not given, it defaults to
	      16.

       _-_-_h_e_l_p Print a usage message and exit with a non-zero sta-
	      tus.

       _-_-_v_e_r_s_i_o_n
	      Print  version  information  on standard error then
	      exit.

       The next several options map  the  old,	pre-POSIX  format
       specification  options  to  the corresponding POSIX format
       specs.  GNU oodd accepts any combination of  old-	and  new-
       style options.  Format specification options accumulate.

       _-_a     Output as named characters.  Equivalent to _-_t _a.

       _-_b     Output as octal bytes.  Equivalent to _-_t _o_C.

       _-_c     Output  as  ASCII	characters or backslash escapes.
	      Equivalent to _-_t _c.

       _-_d     Output as unsigned decimal shorts.   Equivalent  to
	      _-_t _u_2.

       _-_f     Output as floats.	Equivalent to _-_t _f_F.

       _-_h     Output as hexadecimal shorts.  Equivalent to _-_t _x_2.

       _-_i     Output as decimal shorts.	Equivalent to _-_t _d_2.

       _-_l     Output as decimal longs.	Equivalent to _-_t _d_4.

       _-_o     Output as octal shorts.  Equivalent to _-_t _o_2.

       _-_x     Output as hexadecimal shorts.  Equivalent to _-_t _x_2.

       _-_C_, _-_-_c_o_m_p_a_t_i_b_l_e
	      Recognize	the  pre-POSIX non-option arguments that
	      some older versions of od accepted.  The	following
	      syntax
	      oodd -C [file] [[+]offset[.][b] [[+]label[.][b]]]
	      can  be  used  to	specify  at  most  one	file and
	      optional	arguments  specifying  an  offset  and	a



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OD(1L)							OD(1L)


	      pseudo-start address, _l_a_b_e_l_.  By default, _o_f_f_s_e_t is
	      interpreted as an octal number specifying how  many
	      input  bytes to skip before formatting and writing.
	      The optional  trailing  decimal  point  forces  the
	      interpretation  of  _o_f_f_s_e_t as a decimal number.  If
	      no decimal is specified and the offset begins  with
	      `0x'  or	`0x'  it  is interpreted as a hexadecimal
	      number.  If there is a trailing `b', the number  of
	      bytes  skipped  will  be	_o_f_f_s_e_t multiplied by 512.
	      The label argument is interpreted just like offset,
	      but  it  specifies  an initial pseudo-address.  The
	      pseudo addresses are displayed in parentheses  fol-
	      lowing any normal address.












































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