%% 
%% This is file `article.cls', generated 
%% on <1994/1/30> with the docstrip utility (2.2c).
%% 
%% The original source files were:
%% 
%% classes.dtx  (with options: `article')
%% 
%% Copyright (C) 1993 by LaTeX3 project. All rights reserved. 
%% For additional copyright information see further down in this file. 
%% 
%% This file is part of the LaTeX2e system (PRELIMINARY TEST RELEASE) 
%% ------------------------------------------------------------------ 
%% 
%% This system is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, 
%% but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 
%% MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. 
%% 
%% 
%% IMPORTANT NOTICE: 
%% 
%% For error reports in case of UNCHANGED versions see readme files. 
%% 
%% Please do not request updates from us directly. Distribution is 
%% done through Mail-Servers and TeX organizations. 
%% 
%% You are not allowed to change this file. 
%% 
%% You are allowed to distribute this file under the condition that 
%% it is distributed together with all files mentioned in 00readme.l2e. 
%% 
%% If you receive only some of these files from someone, complain! 
%% 
%% You are NOT ALLOWED to distribute this file alone. You are NOT 
%% ALLOWED to take money for the distribution or use of either this 
%% file or a changed version, except for a nominal charge for copying 
%% etc. 
\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
\def\filedate{1993/12/20}
\def\fileversion{1.0.10}
\def\filename{classes.dtx}
\ProvidesClass{article}[\filedate\space Standard LaTeX2e document class]
\typeout{Standard Document Class `article' <\filedate>.}
\newcommand\@ptsize{}
\newif\if@restonecol
\newif\if@titlepage
\@titlepagefalse
\newif\if@openbib
\@openbibfalse
\DeclareOption{a4paper}
   {\setlength\paperheight {297mm}%
    \setlength\paperwidth  {210mm}}
\DeclareOption{a5paper}
   {\setlength\paperheight {210mm}%
    \setlength\paperwidth  {148mm}}
\DeclareOption{b5paper}
   {\setlength\paperheight {250mm}%
    \setlength\paperwidth  {176mm}}
\DeclareOption{letterpaper}
   {\setlength\paperheight {11in}%
    \setlength\paperwidth  {8.5in}}
\DeclareOption{legalpaper}
   {\setlength\paperheight {14in}%
    \setlength\paperwidth  {8.5in}}
\DeclareOption{executivepaper}
   {\setlength\paperheight {10.5in}%
    \setlength\paperwidth  {7.25in}}
\DeclareOption{landscape}
   {\setlength\@tempdima   {\paperheight}%
    \setlength\paperheight {\paperwidth}%
    \setlength\paperwidth  {\@tempdima}}
\DeclareOption{10pt}{\renewcommand\@ptsize{0}}
\DeclareOption{11pt}{\renewcommand\@ptsize{1}}
\DeclareOption{12pt}{\renewcommand\@ptsize{2}}
\DeclareOption{oneside}{\@twosidefalse \@mparswitchfalse}
\DeclareOption{twoside}{\@twosidetrue  \@mparswitchtrue}
\DeclareOption{draft}{\setlength\overfullrule{5pt}}
\DeclareOption{final}{\setlength\overfullrule{0pt}}
\DeclareOption{titlepage}{\@titlepagetrue}
\DeclareOption{notitlepage}{\@titlepagefalse}
\DeclareOption{onecolumn}{\@twocolumnfalse}
\DeclareOption{twocolumn}{\@twocolumntrue}
\DeclareOption{makeidx}{%
    \newcommand\see##1##2{{\em \seename\/} ##1}%
    \newcommand\printindex{\@input{\jobname.ind}}%
    }
\DeclareOption{makeindex}{\ExecuteOptions{makeidx}}
\DeclareOption{leqno}{%
  \def\@eqnnum{\hbox to .01\p@{}\rlap{\reset@font\rmfamily
        \hskip -\displaywidth(\theequation)}}}
\DeclareOption{fleqn}{%
  \renewcommand{\[}{\relax
                   \ifmmode\@badmath
                   \else
                     \begin{trivlist}%
                       \@beginparpenalty\predisplaypenalty
                       \@endparpenalty\postdisplaypenalty
                       \item[]\leavevmode
                       \hbox to\linewidth\bgroup $\m@th\displaystyle %$
                         \hskip\mathindent\bgroup
                   \fi}
  \renewcommand{\]}{\relax
                   \ifmmode
                         \egroup $\hfil% $
                       \egroup
                     \end{trivlist}%
                   \else \@badmath
                   \fi}
  \renewenvironment{equation}%
      {\@beginparpenalty\predisplaypenalty
       \@endparpenalty\postdisplaypenalty
       \refstepcounter{equation}%
       \trivlist \item[]\leavevmode
         \hbox to\linewidth\bgroup $\m@th% $
           \displaystyle
           \hskip\mathindent}%
          {$\hfil % $
           \displaywidth\linewidth\hbox{\@eqnnum}%
         \egroup
       \endtrivlist}
  \renewenvironment{eqnarray}%
      {\stepcounter{equation}%
       \let\@currentlabel=\theequation
       \global\@eqnswtrue
       \global\@eqcnt\z@
       \tabskip\mathindent
       \let\\=\@eqncr
       \setlength\abovedisplayskip{\topsep}%
       \ifvmode
         \addtolength\abovedisplayskip{\partopsep}%
       \fi
       \setlength\belowdisplayskip{\abovedisplayskip}%
       \setlength\belowdisplayshortskip{\abovedisplayskip}%
       \setlength\abovedisplayshortskip{\abovedisplayskip}%
       $$\everycr{}\m@th\halign to\linewidth% $$
         \bgroup
           \hskip\@centering
           $\displaystyle\tabskip\z@skip{####}$&%
           \@eqnsel
           \global\@eqcnt\@ne \hskip \tw@\arraycolsep \hfil${####}$\hfil&%
           \global\@eqcnt\tw@ \hskip \tw@\arraycolsep
               $\displaystyle{####}$\hfil \tabskip\@centering&%
            \global\@eqcnt\thr@@
           \hbox to \z@\bgroup\hss####\egroup\tabskip\z@skip\cr}%
      {\@@eqncr
         \egroup
       \global\advance\c@equation\m@ne$$% $$
       \global\@ignoretrue
      }
  \newdimen\mathindent
  \mathindent = \leftmargini
  }
\DeclareOption{openbib}{\@openbibtrue}
\ExecuteOptions{letterpaper,10pt,oneside,onecolumn,final}
\ProcessOptions
\input{size1\@ptsize.clo}
\setlength\lineskip{1\p@}
\setlength\normallineskip{1\p@}
\renewcommand\baselinestretch{}
\setlength\parskip{0\p@ \@plus 1\p@}
\if@twocolumn
  \setlength\parindent{10\p@}
\else
  \setlength\parindent{15\p@}
\fi
\@lowpenalty   51
\@medpenalty  151
\@highpenalty 301
\setcounter{topnumber}{2}
\renewcommand\topfraction{.7}
\setcounter{bottomnumber}{1}
\renewcommand\bottomfraction{.3}
\setcounter{totalnumber}{3}
\renewcommand\textfraction{.2}
\renewcommand\floatpagefraction{.5}
\setcounter{dbltopnumber}{2}
\renewcommand\dbltopfraction{.7}
\renewcommand\dblfloatpagefraction{.5}
\setlength\floatsep    {12\p@ \@plus 2\p@ \@minus 2\p@}
\setlength\textfloatsep{20\p@ \@plus 2\p@ \@minus 4\p@}
\setlength\intextsep   {12\p@ \@plus 2\p@ \@minus 2\p@}
\setlength\dblfloatsep    {12\p@ \@plus 2\p@ \@minus 2\p@}
\setlength\dbltextfloatsep{20\p@ \@plus 2\p@ \@minus 4\p@}
\setlength\@fptop{0\p@ \@plus 1fil}
\setlength\@fpsep{8\p@ \@plus 2fil}
\setlength\@fpbot{0\p@ \@plus 1fil}
\setlength\@dblfptop{0\p@ \@plus 1fil}
\setlength\@dblfpsep{8\p@ \@plus 2fil}
\setlength\@dblfpbot{0\p@ \@plus 1fil}
\if@twoside
    \def\ps@headings{%
      \let\@oddfoot\@empty\let\@evenfoot\@empty
      \def\@evenhead{\thepage\hfil\slshape\leftmark}%
      \def\@oddhead{{\slshape\rightmark}\hfil\thepage}%
      \let\@mkboth\markboth
      \def\sectionmark##1{%
        \markboth {\uppercase{\ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\z@
            \thesection.\hskip 1em\relax\fi
            ##1}}{}}%
      \def\subsectionmark##1{%
        \markright {\ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\@ne
            \thesubsection\hskip 1em\relax \fi
            ##1}}}
\else
    \def\ps@headings{%
      \let\@oddfoot\@empty
      \def\@oddhead{{\slshape\rightmark}\hfil\thepage}%
      \let\@mkboth\markboth
      \def\sectionmark##1{%
        \markright {\uppercase{\ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\m@ne
            \thesection\hskip 1em\relax \fi
            ##1}}}}
\fi
\def\ps@myheadings{%
    \let\@oddfoot\@empty\let\@evenfoot\@empty
    \def\@evenhead{\thepage\hfil\slshape\leftmark}%
    \def\@oddhead{{\slshape\rightmark}\hfil\thepage}%
    \let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo
    \let\sectionmark\@gobble
    \let\subsectionmark\@gobble
    }
\if@titlepage
  \newcommand\maketitle{\begin{titlepage}%
  \let\footnotesize\small
  \let\footnoterule\relax
  \if@compatibility\setcounter{page}{0}\fi
  \null\vfil
  \vskip 60\p@
  \begin{center}%
    {\LARGE \@title \par}%
    \vskip 3em%
    {\large
     \lineskip .75em%
      \begin{tabular}[t]{c}%
        \@author
      \end{tabular}\par}%
      \vskip 1.5em%
    {\large \@date \par}%       % Set date in \large size.
  \end{center}\par
  \@thanks
  \vfil\null
  \end{titlepage}%
  \setcounter{footnote}{0}%
  \let\thanks\relax\let\maketitle\relax
  \gdef\@thanks{}\gdef\@author{}\gdef\@title{}}
\else
\newcommand\maketitle{\par
  \begingroup
    \renewcommand\thefootnote{\fnsymbol{footnote}}%
    \def\@makefnmark{\hbox to\z@{$\m@th^{\@thefnmark}$\hss}}%
    \if@twocolumn
      \twocolumn[\@maketitle]%
    \else
      \newpage
      \global\@topnum\z@   % Prevents figures from going at top of page.
      \@maketitle
    \fi
    \thispagestyle{plain}\@thanks
  \endgroup
  \setcounter{footnote}{0}%
  \let\thanks\relax
  \let\maketitle\relax\let\@maketitle\relax
  \gdef\@thanks{}\gdef\@author{}\gdef\@title{}}
\def\@maketitle{%
  \newpage
  \null
  \vskip 2em%
  \begin{center}%
    {\LARGE \@title \par}%
    \vskip 1.5em%
    {\large
      \lineskip .5em%
      \begin{tabular}[t]{c}%
        \@author
      \end{tabular}\par}%
    \vskip 1em%
    {\large \@date}%
  \end{center}%
  \par
  \vskip 1.5em}
\fi
\setcounter{secnumdepth}{3}
\newcounter {part}
\newcounter {section}
\newcounter {subsection}[section]
\newcounter {subsubsection}[subsection]
\newcounter {paragraph}[subsubsection]
\newcounter {subparagraph}[paragraph]
\renewcommand\thepart          {\Roman{part}}
\renewcommand\thesection       {\arabic{section}}
\renewcommand\thesubsection    {\thesection.\arabic{subsection}}
\renewcommand\thesubsubsection {\thesubsection .\arabic{subsubsection}}
\renewcommand\theparagraph     {\thesubsubsection.\arabic{paragraph}}
\renewcommand\thesubparagraph  {\theparagraph.\arabic{subparagraph}}
\newcommand\part{\par
   \addvspace{4ex}%
   \@afterindentfalse
   \secdef\@part\@spart}

\def\@part[#1]#2{%
    \ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\m@ne
      \refstepcounter{part}%
      \addcontentsline{toc}{part}{\thepart\hspace{1em}#1}%
    \else
      \addcontentsline{toc}{part}{#1}%
    \fi
    {\parindent \z@ \raggedright
     \interlinepenalty \@M
     \reset@font
     \ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\m@ne
       \Large\bfseries \partname~\thepart
       \par\nobreak
     \fi
     \huge \bfseries #2%
     \markboth{}{}\par}%
    \nobreak
    \vskip 3ex
    \@afterheading}
\def\@spart#1{%
    {\parindent \z@ \raggedright
     \interlinepenalty \@M
     \reset@font
     \huge \bfseries #1\par}%
     \nobreak
     \vskip 3ex
     \@afterheading}
\def\@endpart{\vfil\newpage
              \if@twoside
                \hbox{}%
                \thispagestyle{empty}%
                \newpage
              \fi
              \if@tempswa
                \twocolumn
              \fi}
\newcommand\section{\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}%
                                   {-3.5ex \@plus -1ex \@minus -.2ex}%
                                   {2.3ex \@plus.2ex}%
                                   {\reset@font\Large\bfseries}}
\newcommand\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}%
                                     {-3.25ex\@plus -1ex \@minus- .2ex}%
                                     {1.5ex \@plus .2ex}%
                                     {\reset@font\large\bfseries}}
\newcommand\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{\z@}%
                                     {-3.25ex\@plus -1ex \@minus -.2ex}%
                                     {1.5ex \@plus .2ex}%
                                     {\reset@font\normalsize\bfseries}}
\newcommand\paragraph{\@startsection{paragraph}{4}{\z@}%
                                    {3.25ex \@plus1ex \@minus.2ex}%
                                    {-1em}%
                                    {\reset@font\normalsize\bfseries}}
\newcommand\subparagraph{\@startsection{subparagraph}{5}{\parindent}%
                                       {3.25ex \@plus1ex \@minus .2ex}%
                                       {-1em}%
                                      {\reset@font\normalsize\bfseries}}
\if@twocolumn
  \setlength\leftmargini  {20\p@}
\else
  \setlength\leftmargini  {25\p@}
\fi
\setlength\leftmarginii  {22\p@}
\setlength\leftmarginiii {18.7\p@}
\setlength\leftmarginiv  {17\p@}
\if@twocolumn
  \setlength\leftmarginv  {5\p@}
  \setlength\leftmarginvi {5\p@}
\else
  \setlength\leftmarginv  {10\p@}
  \setlength\leftmarginvi {10\p@}
\fi
\setlength\leftmargin    {\leftmargini}
\setlength  \labelsep  {5\p@}
\setlength  \labelwidth{\leftmargini}
\addtolength\labelwidth{-\labelsep}
\setlength\partopsep{2\p@ \@plus 1\p@ \@minus 1\p@}
\@beginparpenalty -\@lowpenalty
\@endparpenalty   -\@lowpenalty
\@itempenalty     -\@lowpenalty
\def\@listI{\setlength\leftmargin{\leftmargini}
            \setlength\parsep {4\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus\p@}%
            \setlength\topsep {8\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus4\p@}%
            \setlength\itemsep{4\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus\p@}}
\let\@listi\@listI
\@listi
\def\@listii {\setlength  \leftmargin{\leftmarginii}%
              \setlength  \labelwidth{\leftmarginii}%
              \addtolength\labelwidth{-\labelsep}%
              \setlength  \topsep    {4\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus\p@}%
              \setlength  \parsep    {2\p@ \@plus\p@ \@minus\p@}%
              \setlength  \itemsep   {\parsep}}
\def\@listiii{\setlength  \leftmargin{\leftmarginiii}%
              \setlength  \labelwidth{\leftmarginiii}%
              \addtolength\labelwidth{-\labelsep}%
              \setlength  \topsep    {2\p@ \@plus\p@ \@minus\p@}%
              \setlength  \parsep    {\z@}%
              \setlength  \partopsep {\p@ \@plus\z@ \@minus\p@}%
              \setlength  \itemsep   {\topsep}}
\def\@listiv {\setlength  \leftmargin{\leftmarginiv}%
              \setlength  \labelwidth{\leftmarginiv}%
              \addtolength\labelwidth{-\labelsep}}
\def\@listv  {\setlength  \leftmargin{\leftmarginv}%
              \setlength  \labelwidth{\leftmarginv}%
              \addtolength\labelwidth{-\labelsep}}
\def\@listvi {\setlength  \leftmargin{\leftmarginvi}%
              \setlength  \labelwidth{\leftmarginvi}%
              \addtolength\labelwidth{-\labelsep}}
\renewcommand\theenumi{\arabic{enumi}}
\renewcommand\theenumii{\alph{enumii}}
\renewcommand\theenumiii{\roman{enumiii}}
\renewcommand\theenumiv{\Alph{enumiv}}
\newcommand\labelenumi{\theenumi.}
\newcommand\labelenumii{(\theenumii)}
\newcommand\labelenumiii{\theenumiii.}
\newcommand\labelenumiv{\theenumiv.}
\renewcommand\p@enumii{\theenumi}
\renewcommand\p@enumiii{\theenumi(\theenumii)}
\renewcommand\p@enumiv{\p@enumiii\theenumiii}
\newcommand\labelitemi{$\m@th\bullet$}
\newcommand\labelitemii{\bfseries --}
\newcommand\labelitemiiii{$\m@th\ast$}
\newcommand\labelitemiv{$\m@th\cdot$}
\newcommand\descriptionlabel[1]{\hspace\labelsep \bfseries #1}
\newenvironment{description}
               {\list{}{\labelwidth\z@ \itemindent-\leftmargin
                        \let\makelabel\descriptionlabel}}
               {\endlist}
\if@titlepage
  \newenvironment{abstract}{%
      \titlepage
      \null\vfil
      \begin{center}
        \bfseries \abstractname
      \end{center}}
     {\par\vfil\null\endtitlepage}
\else
  \newenvironment{abstract}{%
      \if@twocolumn
        \section*{\abstractname}%
      \else
        \small
        \begin{center}%
          {\bfseries \abstractname\vspace{-.5em}\vspace{\z@}}%
        \end{center}%
        \quotation
      \fi}
      {\if@twocolumn\else\endquotation\fi}
\fi
\newenvironment{verse}
               {\let\\=\@centercr
                \list{}{\setlength\itemsep{\z@}%
                        \setlength\itemindent{-1.5em}%
                        \setlength\listparindent{\itemindent}%
                        \setlength\rightmargin{\leftmargin}%
                        \addtolength\leftmargin{1.5em}}%
                \item[]}
               {\endlist}
\newenvironment{quotation}
               {\list{}{\setlength\listparindent{1.5em}%
                        \setlength\itemindent{\listparindent}%
                        \setlength\rightmargin{\leftmargin}%
                        \setlength\parsep{\z@ \@plus\p@}}%
                \item[]}
               {\endlist}
\newenvironment{quote}
               {\list{}{\setlength\rightmargin{\leftmargin}}%
                \item[]}
               {\endlist}
\newenvironment{titlepage}
               {\if@twocolumn
                  \@restonecoltrue\onecolumn
                \else
                  \@restonecolfalse\newpage
                \fi
                \thispagestyle{empty}%
                \setcounter{page}{0}}
               {\if@restonecol\twocolumn \else \newpage \fi}
\newcommand\appendix{\par
  \setcounter{section}{0}%
  \setcounter{subsection}{0}%
  \renewcommand\thesection{\Alph{section}}}
\setlength\arraycolsep{5\p@}
\setlength\tabcolsep{6\p@}
\setlength\arrayrulewidth{.4\p@}
\setlength\doublerulesep{2\p@}
\setlength\tabbingsep{\labelsep}
\skip\@mpfootins = \skip\footins
\setlength\fboxsep{3\p@}
\setlength\fboxrule{.4\p@}
\renewcommand\theequation{\arabic{equation}}
\newcounter{figure}
\renewcommand\thefigure{\@arabic\c@figure}
\def\fps@figure{tbp}
\def\ftype@figure{1}
\def\ext@figure{lof}
\def\fnum@figure{\figurename~\thefigure}
\newenvironment{figure}
               {\@float{figure}}
               {\end@float}
\newenvironment{figure*}
               {\@dblfloat{figure}}
               {\end@dblfloat}
\newcounter{table}
\renewcommand\thetable{\@arabic\c@table}
\def\fps@table{tbp}
\def\ftype@table{2}
\def\ext@table{lot}
\def\fnum@table{\tablename~\thetable}
\newenvironment{table}
               {\@float{table}}
               {\end@float}
\newenvironment{table*}
               {\@dblfloat{table}}
               {\end@dblfloat}
\newlength\abovecaptionskip
\newlength\belowcaptionskip
\setlength\abovecaptionskip{10\p@}
\setlength\belowcaptionskip{0\p@}
\long\def\@makecaption#1#2{%
  \vskip\abovecaptionskip
  \setbox\@tempboxa\hbox{#1: #2}%
  \ifdim \wd\@tempboxa >\hsize
    #1: #2\par
  \else
    \hbox to\hsize{\hfil\box\@tempboxa\hfil}%
  \fi
  \vskip\belowcaptionskip}
\@renewfontswitch{\rm}{\normalfont\rmfamily}{\mathrm}
\@renewfontswitch{\sf}{\normalfont\sffamily}{\mathsf}
\@renewfontswitch{\tt}{\normalfont\ttfamily}{\mathtt}
\@renewfontswitch{\bf}{\normalfont\bfseries}{\mathbf}
\@renewfontswitch{\it}{\normalfont\itshape}{\mathit}
\@renewfontswitch{\sl}{\normalfont\slshape}{\relax}
\@renewfontswitch{\sc}{\normalfont\scshape}{\relax}
\renewcommand{\cal}{\protect\pcal}
\newcommand{\pcal}{\@fontswitch{\relax}{\mathcal}}
\renewcommand{\mit}{\protect\pmit}
\newcommand{\pmit}{\@fontswitch{\relax}{\mathnormal}}
\newcommand\@pnumwidth{1.55em}
\newcommand\@tocrmarg {2.55em}
\newcommand\@dotsep{4.5}
\setcounter{tocdepth}{3}
\newcommand\tableofcontents{%
    \section*{\contentsname
        \@mkboth{\uppercase{\contentsname}}{\uppercase{\contentsname}}}%
    \@starttoc{toc}%
    }
\newcommand\l@part[2]{%
    \addpenalty{\@secpenalty}%
    \addvspace{2.25em \@plus\p@}%
    \begingroup
      \setlength\@tempdima{3em}%
      \parindent \z@ \rightskip \@pnumwidth
      \parfillskip -\@pnumwidth
      {\leavevmode
       \large \bfseries #1\hfil \hbox to\@pnumwidth{\hss #2}}\par
       \nobreak
       \if@compatibility
         \global\@nobreaktrue
         \everypar{\global\@nobreakfalse\everypar{}}
      \fi
      \endgroup}
\newcommand\l@section[2]{%
    \addpenalty{\@secpenalty}%
    \addvspace{1.0em \@plus\p@}%
    \setlength\@tempdima{1.5em}%
    \begingroup
    \parindent \z@ \rightskip \@pnumwidth
    \parfillskip -\@pnumwidth
    \leavevmode \bfseries
    \advance\leftskip\@tempdima
    \hskip -\leftskip
    #1\nobreak\hfil \nobreak\hbox to\@pnumwidth{\hss #2}\par
   \endgroup}
\newcommand\l@subsection   {\@dottedtocline{2}{3.8em}{3.2em}}
\newcommand\l@subsubsection{\@dottedtocline{3}{7.0em}{4.1em}}
\newcommand\l@paragraph    {\@dottedtocline{4}{10em}{5em}}
\newcommand\l@subparagraph {\@dottedtocline{5}{12em}{6em}}
\newcommand\listoffigures{%
    \section*{\listfigurename
      \@mkboth{\uppercase{\listfigurename}}%
              {\uppercase{\listfigurename}}}%
    \@starttoc{lof}%
    }
\newcommand\l@figure{\@dottedtocline{1}{1.5em}{2.3em}}
\newcommand\listoftables{%
    \section*{\listtablename
      \@mkboth{\uppercase{\listtablename}}{\uppercase{\listtablename}}}%
    \@starttoc{lot}%
    }
\let\l@table\l@figure
\newdimen\bibindent
\bibindent=1.5em
\newcommand\newblock{}
\newenvironment{thebibliography}[1]
     {\section*{\refname
         \@mkboth{\uppercase{\refname}}{\uppercase{\refname}}}%
      \list{\@biblabel{\arabic{enumiv}}}%
           {\settowidth\labelwidth{\@biblabel{#1}}%
            \leftmargin\labelwidth
            \advance\leftmargin\labelsep
            \if@openbib
              \advance\leftmargin\bibindent
              \itemindent -\bibindent
              \listparindent \itemindent
              \parsep \z@
            \fi
            \usecounter{enumiv}%
            \let\p@enumiv\@empty
            \renewcommand\theenumiv{\arabic{enumiv}}}%
      \if@openbib
        \renewcommand\newblock{\par}
      \else
        \renewcommand\newblock{\hskip .11em \@plus.33em \@minus.07em}%
      \fi
      \sloppy\clubpenalty4000\widowpenalty4000%
      \sfcode`\.=\@m}
     {\def\@noitemerr{\@warning{Empty `thebibliography' environment}}%
      \endlist}
\newenvironment{theindex}
               {\if@twocolumn
                  \@restonecolfalse
                \else
                  \@restonecoltrue
                \fi
                \columnseprule \z@
                \columnsep 35\p@
                \twocolumn[\section*{\indexname}]%
                \@mkboth{\uppercase{\indexname}}%
                        {\uppercase{\indexname}}%
                \thispagestyle{plain}\parindent\z@
                \parskip\z@ \@plus .3\p@\relax
                \let\item\@idxitem}
               {\if@restonecol\onecolumn\else\clearpage\fi}
\newcommand\@idxitem  {\par\hangindent 40\p@}
\newcommand\subitem   {\par\hangindent 40\p@ \hspace*{20\p@}}
\newcommand\subsubitem{\par\hangindent 40\p@ \hspace*{30\p@}}
\newcommand\indexspace{\par \vskip 10\p@ \@plus5\p@ \@minus3\p@\relax}
\renewcommand\footnoterule{%
  \kern-3\p@
  \hrule width .4\columnwidth
  \kern 2.6\p@}
\long\def\@makefntext#1{%
    \parindent 1em%
    \noindent
    \hbox to 1.8em{\hss$\m@th^{\@thefnmark}$}#1}
\newcommand\contentsname{Contents}
\newcommand\listfigurename{List of Figures}
\newcommand\listtablename{List of Tables}
\newcommand\refname{References}
\newcommand\indexname{Index}
\newcommand\figurename{Figure}
\newcommand\tablename{Table}
\newcommand\partname{Part}
\newcommand\appendixname{Appendix}
\newcommand\abstractname{Abstract}
\newcommand\seename{see}
\newcommand\today{\ifcase\month\or
  January\or February\or March\or April\or May\or June\or
  July\or August\or September\or October\or November\or December\fi
  \space\number\day, \number\year}
\setlength\columnsep{10\p@}
\setlength\columnseprule{0\p@}
\pagestyle{plain}
\pagenumbering{arabic}      % Arabic page numbers
\if@twoside
\else
  \raggedbottom
\fi
\if@twocolumn
  \twocolumn
  \sloppy
  \flushbottom
\else
  \onecolumn
\fi
\endinput
%% 
%% End of file `article.cls'.