




                              IMAGE-3D Version 1.8

                             User Supported Software

                          Copyright (c) 1987, Paul Luby







         INTRODUCTION
         ------------

         Image-3D is a three-dimensional wire-frame modeling program
         that enables you to create, view, and edit three-dimensional
         objects. Using a menu-driven interface, you will be able to
         quickly choose commands that perform a large variety of design
         and viewing tasks. And with Image-3D you can move, scale,
         rotate, and tip your image anyway you choose, making the
         program suited for a variety of creative design and
         illustration applications.



































                                       1







         TABLE OF CONTENTS
         -----------------

              Introduction .....................................  1

              Table Of Contents ................................  2

              Disk Contents ....................................  2

              System Requirements ..............................  3

              Setting Up IMAGE-3D Version 1.8 ..................  4

              Using The Menus ..................................  6

              Version Compatibility ............................  6

              Drawing In 3D ....................................  7

              Sample Files .....................................  8

              Command Reference ................................  9

              Registered User .................................. 64

              Glossary ......................................... 66

              Error Messages ................................... 68

              Index ............................................ 71


         DISK CONTENTS
         -------------

              IMAGE.EXE       The Image-3D program (Version 1.8)

              IMAGE-3D.SET    Configuration file used by IMAGE.EXE

              SETUP.TMP       Template file for starting a new drawing

              README.TXT      Instructions for printing the manual

              MANUAL1.TXT     Part One of the Users Manual

              MANUAL2.TXT     Part Two of the Users Manual


              Sample Files:   TEMPLE.3DM        PYRAMIDS.3DM

                              PLATFORM.3DM      DRAW-XYZ.3DM

                              CORNER.3DM        SCALE.3DM

                                                HOURGLAS.3DM



                                       2







         SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
         -------------------

         Image-3D Version 1.8 requires the following:

            o An IBM PC, XT, AT or Compatible

            o MS-DOS (PC-DOS) Version 2.0 or later

            o Two Floppy Disk Drives or Hard Disk

            o 512K Memory

            o CGA Version - A Color Graphics Adapter (CGA) and
              compatible CGA monitor

            o EGA Version - An Enhanced Graphics Adapter (EGA) and
              compatible EGA monitor. The Enhanced Graphics Adapter must
              also have 256K Video Memory (check your EGA card
              documentation).

         Optional:

            o For printing your images on a dot-matrix printer you will
              need a Memory-Resident Screen Printing Program. There are
              a large number of these programs available on either the
              retail market or the public domain and user supported
              program libraries. Also, several "paint" programs have
              screen capture utilities that you can use with Image-3D.





























                                       3







         SETTING UP IMAGE-3D Version 1.8
         -------------------------------

         FLOPPY DISK SYSTEM

         Format two blank disks.

         Insert your DOS disk into drive A and one of the formatted
         disks in drive B. Issue the DOS command: COPY A:COMMAND.COM B:

         Remove the DOS disk from drive A and insert the Image-3D Disk.
         Issue the following DOS commands:

                     COPY A:IMAGE.EXE B:
                     COPY A:IMAGE-3D.SET B:
                     COPY A:SETUP.TMP B:

         Your working program disk in Drive B is now complete and
         should contain the following files:

              IMAGE.EXE                  SETUP.TMP
              IMAGE-3D.SET               COMMAND.COM

         Next, remove the your new working copy from Drive B and insert
         the other newly formatted diskette into Drive B. Issue the DOS
         Command: COPY A:*.3DM B:

         When all of the sample files have been copied to the disk in
         Drive B, remove the Image-3D program disk from Drive A and store
         it in a safe place. The program is now setup. To begin the
         program, insert your working copy of the program into Drive A,
         and the "drawing files" diskette into Drive B. The disks should
         have the following files:

                      Drive A                         Drive B
              IMAGE.EXE    IMAGE-3D.SET       TEMPLE.3DM    SCALE.3DM
              SETUP.TMP    COMMAND.COM        CORNER.3DM    HOURGLAS.3DM
                                              PLATFORM.3DM  PYRAMIDS.3DM
                                              DRAW-XYZ.3DM

         To start the program from Drive A, type: IMAGE

         Note: For information on setting your disk drive specification,
               see the commands: DRAWINGS and SAVE CONFIG.











                                                              continued


                                       4







         HARD DISK SYSTEM

         From your root directory on your Hard Disk create a subdirectory
         for Image-3D. Issue the DOS command:  MD IMAGE

         Next, go to this new subdirectory by entering:  CD IMAGE

         Insert the Image-3D program disk into Drive A and issue the
         DOS commands:

                     COPY A:IMAGE.EXE C:
                     COPY A:IMAGE-3D.SET C:
                     COPY A:SETUP.TMP C:

         Next, while you're still in the subdirectory that now contains
         the three Image-3D program files, create another directory for
         your Drawing files. For example, MD DRAWINGS

         Go to this new subdirectory by entering: CD DRAWINGS

         You now need to copy all of the sample files to this new
         subdirectory. Issue the DOS command:  COPY A:*.3DM C:

         The Hard Disk setup is now complete, you can now store the
         Image-3D program diskette in a safe place.

         Note:

         Image-3D is initially configured for a Two Floppy Disk System.
         From the Main Menu of the program, the DRAWINGS and SAVE CONFIG
         commands will allow you to configure your new Disk Drive and
         Path specification. See the instructions for these two commands
         in the reference section. To start the program from your
         "IMAGE" subdirectory, enter: IMAGE
























                                       5







         USING THE MENUS
         ---------------

         Both display Versions of Image-3D use the same method of menu
         selection. A small pointer moves along the side of the menu to
         indicate the current position.

         You control the menu selector by using the UP and DOWN cursor
         keys. If you are at the top of the menu and you press the UP
         key, you will "wrap-around" to the bottom of the menu. The
         "wrap-around" also works when you're at the bottom of the menu
         and press the DOWN key - which quickly puts the menu selector
         back at the top of the menu.

         When you have the menu selector positioned at the desired
         command, just press RETURN. Depending upon the command, the
         program will either perform the desired task or one of the
         submenus will appear.

         From time to time messages may appear in the top row of the
         display. They may be questions for you to answer with a menu
         selection, or it might be a message informing you of what is
         taking place with your drawing.

         Whenever you wish to cancel a routine that has prompted you to
         input a filename or unit specification, simply press ESCAPE
         and you will return to the menu again.



         VERSION COMPATIBILITY
         ---------------------

         Version 1.8 and its Registered Users Release, Version 3.0, use
         the same file structure and are completely compatible.

         Furthermore, both versions can load any previous version of
         Image-3D (V.1.5 & 2.0) and files created on the Enhanced
         Graphics Adapter Version can be used by the Color Graphics
         Adapter Version and vice versa. The particular version you are
         using will determine your own drawing and display options.

         Since there are older versions of Image-3D that may still be
         in use, Version 1.8 as well as Version 3.0 include a TRANSLATE
         command that enables the newer file format to be "translated"
         to the file format used by Versions 1.5 and 2.0. This command
         can be used by those of you who wish to distribute Images or
         Graphics Libraries that can be used by previous versions of
         Image-3D. Again, Versions 1.8 and 3.0 will still be able to
         load these files without having to make any modifications.

         See the TRANSLATE command for more information.






                                       6







         DRAWING IN 3D
         -------------

         To create true three-dimensional images requires the ability to
         select points in 3D space. To identify these points (the end
         points for lines) a coordinate system is used that represents
         the point's location.

         The coordinate system must specify how far to the side, how
         high or low, and how close or far back the point is. A
         coordinate format of x,y,z will identify this location.

         The "x" represents the location from side to side (the
         X-Axis). The "y" represents the location's length (the
         Y-Axis). And the "z" represents the height or depth of the
         point (the Z-Axis).

         Together these 3 Axes create the 3 separate drawing planes that
         you can draw on or through when creating images. The planes
         are often referred to as the X-Y Plane, the Y-Z Plane, and the
         X-Z plane. To make it easier and more understandable I have
         given these drawing planes names that correspond to the sides
         of an image. They are the Left-Right Plane (the Y-Z Plane),
         the  Front-Back Plane (the X-Z Plane), and the Top-Bottom Plane
         (the X-Y Plane).

         When you are creating a 3D image, you will be able to choose
         which of the planes you want the graphics cursor to travel or
         draw on. The selection of these drawing planes and the control
         of the cursor are chosen using the DRAW command. You will
         control the graphics cursor in 3D space using the LEFT, RIGHT,
         UP, and DOWN Cursor keys.

         Your line will be drawn on your chosen drawing plane in the
         direction of the cursor key you pressed. And pressing the
         cursor key again draws the line further by a specified
         increment that you select using the LINE UNITS command (or the
         F9 KEY while the Drawing Mode or Pen Movement Mode is Active).
         You can also draw your image from many different viewpoints,
         since the program draws lines on your chosen drawing plane in
         relation to your viewpoint.

         After you've tried out the DRAW command for the various drawing
         planes from a couple of different viewpoints, you'll quickly
         discover how to orient Image-3D's graphics cursor.

         I suggest however that before you begin drawing an Image for
         the first time, read the following commands in the reference
         section.

              DRAW, MOVE PEN, LEFT-RIGHT, FRONT-BACK, TOP-BOTTOM, XYZ VP,
              LINE UNITS, STEP EDIT, SAVE IMAGE, F1-F10 KEYS






                                       7







         SAMPLE FILES
         ------------

         Included with the program files are seven sample files that
         will help illustrate some of the basic drawings you can create
         using Image-3D.

         If you would like to view the sample files before reading about
         all of the commands, the following commands will give you
         enough information about how to load and view each of the
         sample files:

              IMAGE DRAW, DRAWINGS, QUIT, XYZ VP, MENUS, VIEW MENU
              PLAN VIEW, FULL SCREEN, MAIN MENU, F1-F6, F8, F10 KEYS

         To start Image-3D, at the DOS prompt enter: IMAGE
         When prompted for a filename, just enter the name of the
         file, do not include the .3DM extension.

         File Descriptions:

         PLATFORM

         A simple drawing of an offshore oil rig. The four platform
         columns were each created using two 16-sided polygons at
         different heights and then drawing lines from one to the other.

         TEMPLE

         Display of a Greek Temple. A good illustration of how a wire
         frame model clearly shows all of the elements used to construct
         an image.

         DRAW-XYZ

         This file helps illustrate what is meant by drawing planes. Be
         sure to use the XYZ VP command to look at it from several
         viewpoints, it'll help you orient yourself to the various types
         of drawing planes. (In addition to drawing on just a flat
         drawing plane you can also draw through a plane and onto
         another as shown in the next sample file, Pyramids)

         PYRAMIDS

         This file contains three pyramids resting on a "floor" of
         two-dimensional square tiles. Notice that you can draw lines
         that slope from one point to another. With Image-3D, you can
         switch your drawing plane as you are drawing lines, so you can
         slope or angle your line to any point in "3D Space." (The lines
         drawn on one side of each pyramid help create a "shading"
         effect)




                                                              continued


                                       8







         SCALE

         One of the features of this program is the ability to scale an
         object's height, width, or length independently. This file
         shows how a cube can be stretched along any of its dimensions.

         CORNER

         This "T-Intersection" illustrates how you can not only create
         three dimensional objects, like the buildings, but you can add
         extra two-dimensional detail to enhance the overall image, such
         as the road and crosswalk. To read the signs, you can use the
         ENLARGE and SMALL commands.

         HOURGLAS

         A model of an Hourglass. Not all of your drawings have to be a
         whole world in itself, Image-3D is also useful in illustrating
         individual objects too. (The two cones used in this file are
         part of the graphics library supplied with Version 3.0)




         COMMAND REFERENCE
         -----------------

         The following section contains a complete description of all
         the commands in Image-3D Version 1.8. The listing is in
         alphabetical order and has the following format for each
         command:


         COMMAND NAME                                        COMMAND NAME

            Summary: A brief description of the command.

            Menu(s): From which menu or menus the command can be chosen.

          Procedure: A detailed explanation of how to use the command
                     and what function(s) it will perform.

               Note: Any important tips or facts related to the command.

           See Also: Where appropriate, other commands that may be of
                     interest.












                                       9







         ALL SIDES                                              ALL SIDES

            Summary: A Scale Type option that indicates you want all the
                     sides of your Image scaled at the same time and by
                     the same scale factor. After choosing this command
                     you will enter the Scale Menu.

            Menu(s): SCALE TYPE

          Procedure: By selecting SCALE from the View Menu, the Scale
                     Type Menu will be displayed. You must choose the
                     type of scale operation you want to perform.

                     ALL SIDES means you want to scale all the sides
                     of your image equally by the same factor and at
                     the same time.

                     After you choose ALL SIDES, the Scale Menu will
                     appear. From this menu you perform the scaling
                     operations.

           See Also: SCALE, SCALE TYPE, HEIGHT, WIDTH, LENGTH
                     SMALLER, LARGER, FACTOR...



































                                       10







         AXES UNITS                                            AXES UNITS

            Summary: Used to select or change the degree of Rotation
                     and Tip the XYZ VP Axes will move each time
                     you press a cursor key during viewpoint selection.

            Menu(s): UNITS

          Procedure: A menu will appear containing a list of numbers.
                     These numbers are the various degrees of movement
                     you can use to move the XYZ VP Axes. The current
                     Axes Unit will be displayed in the upper-left
                     corner of the screen.

                     You must choose an Axes Unit, even it's the
                     same unit currently being used. Once you make
                     a selection you will return to the Draw Menu.

                     Your choices are: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25,
                     30, 35, 40, 45.

               Note: Axes Units may also be set during the XYZ VP
                     command by using the F9 KEY.

           See Also: XYZ VP, F9 KEY

































                                       11







         COLORS                                                    COLORS
         & COLORS MENU          (EGA Display Only)          & COLORS MENU

            Summary: Displays the Colors Menu.

            Menu(s): DRAW MENU, VIEW MENU, EDIT MENU

          Procedure: The Colors Menu will display the four color
                     commands used on systems with the EGA:

                     COLOR-BACK allows you to select or change
                     your background color.

                     COLOR-FORE allows you to set each foreground
                     color (line color) to any one of 64 colors.

                     LINE COLOR allows you to choose any one of the
                     16 foreground colors you want you next line(s)
                     drawn in.

                     LINE EDIT lets you edit the color of a previously
                     drawn line.

           See Also: COLOR-BACK, COLOR-FORE, DRAW, LINE COLOR
                     LINE EDIT, STEP EDIT

































                                       12







         COLOR-BACK             (EGA Display Only)             COLOR-BACK

            Summary: Displays the Background Color Menu.

            Menu(s): COLORS MENU

          Procedure: The Background Color Menu displays 16 colors
                     (0-15). Next to each color number is a color
                     block so you can clearly see which color is
                     currently set to each background color number.

                     Selecting a color will immediately redraw your
                     image with the new background color. You will
                     remain in the Background Color Menu where you
                     can quickly select yet another color. This
                     allows you to easily test which background color
                     you want.

                     When finished, select PREVIOUS to return to the
                     primary menu where you issued the COLORS command,
                     or select COLORS MENU to redisplay the Colors
                     Menu.

               Note: Even though you have only 16 background colors
                     to choose from, with Image-3D you can still use
                     any one of the 64 colors (0-63) as a background.

                     Let's say you choose color number 13. Your Image
                     is redrawn and it looks awful - this background
                     color just won't do. Select COLORS MENU. When the
                     Colors Menu is displayed, choose COLOR-FORE. Then
                     when the Foreground Color Menu appears move the
                     menu selector down to color number 13 and press
                     RETURN. This will activate the palette selector.

                     Using the LEFT or RIGHT cursor keys will instantly
                     change the background color. You can now cycle
                     through all 64 colors and choose the background
                     color that looks best with your Image. When you
                     find it, just press RETURN. Your background color
                     is now set and you can return to the primary menu
                     by selecting PREVIOUS.

           See Also: COLOR-FORE, COLORS














                                       13







         COLOR-FORE             (EGA Display Only)             COLOR-FORE

            Summary: Allows you to set each foreground color
                     (line color) to any one of 64 colors.

            Menu(s): COLORS MENU

          Procedure: The Foreground Color Menu displays 16 colors
                     (0-15). Next to each color number is a color
                     block so you can clearly see which color is
                     currently set to each color number. Then next
                     to each color block is another number, this
                     number corresponds to one of the EGA's 64
                     colors (0-63).

                     Image-3D always keeps the color Black assigned
                     to color number 0, and is the only color
                     number you can not change. The other 15 color
                     numbers can be assigned any one of the 64 colors.

                     To change a foreground color assignment, move
                     the menu selector to the color number you want to
                     change and press RETURN. A message is displayed
                     at the top of the screen indicating you to use
                     the RIGHT or LEFT cursor keys to cycle through
                     the palette. Next to the message is a much larger
                     color block and in front of it, the number
                     corresponding to one of the 64 colors (0-63).

                     As you press the cursor key the color block will
                     change color and any line in your drawing using the
                     selected color number (0-15) will also change. When
                     you find a color you like, press RETURN. You can
                     now repeat the procedure for another color number
                     or return to another menu with PREVIOUS or COLORS
                     MENU.

               Note: I use color number 4 for the menus, number 14 for
                     the menu title, and number 15 for messages and the
                     menu pointer. Feel free to reassign their
                     colors, just be sure you can see the color of the
                     menu options.

           See Also: COLOR-BACK, COLORS, LINE COLOR














                                       14







         DELETE ALL                                            DELETE ALL

            Summary: Deletes all the line data for your Image.

            Menu(s): EDIT MENU

          Procedure: After selecting DELETE ALL, a small menu will
                     appear to confirm your desire to delete all of the
                     line data for your Image.

                     Selecting NO will return you to the Edit Menu
                     and leave your line data untouched.

                     Selecting YES will erase all the line data for your
                     Image. However, all of the settings (i.e. colors,
                     line units, etc.) will not be reset and you can
                     continue working on a new drawing again.

               Note: DELETE ALL erases only the line data currently in
                     memory. To erase the data you have on disk, issue
                     the SAVE IMAGE command after using the DELETE ALL
                     command or to erase the file completely, use the
                     DOS command ERASE after exiting Image-3D.

           See Also: SAVE IMAGE

































                                       15







         DELETE LINE                                          DELETE LINE

            Summary: Allows you to remove a previously drawn line
                     from your drawing.

            Menu(s): EDIT MENU

          Procedure: To use this function you must first select a line
                     using the STEP EDIT command.

                     If you have selected a line using the STEP EDIT
                     command, your line will be redrawn using the
                     Editing Line Style as in the STEP EDIT procedure.
                     (if you haven't issued a command that redraws the
                     image, your line will already be drawn in the
                     Editing Line Style).

                     If you're sure you want to erase the selected
                     line from your drawing, press RETURN. Any other
                     key will cancel the Delete Line procedure.

                     After pressing RETURN, the program will sort the
                     data for your image, recalculate, and then display
                     your revised drawing. Your line count will also
                     have been reduced by one.

           See Also: STEP EDIT, DELETE ALL































                                       16







         DRAW                                                        DRAW

            Summary: Activates the Drawing Mode.

            Menu(s): DRAW MENU

          Procedure: Once you select DRAW, you can move the graphics
                     cursor using the LEFT, RIGHT, UP, DOWN cursor keys.
                     Each time you press the cursor key a line will be
                     drawn, stretching from its starting point to the
                     current location of the graphics cursor. The
                     graphics cursor appears as a small square on the
                     EGA monitor and a small diamond on the CGA monitor.

                     The graphics cursor moves along a drawing plane
                     that can be selected by the HOME key. Any movement
                     of the graphics cursor will be in relation to this
                     plane and your viewpoint. As the graphics cursor
                     moves, the x,y,z coordinates will be displayed in
                     the lower right-hand corner of the screen.

                     When you have drawn a line to the position you
                     want, press RETURN. The line number displayed with
                     the x,y,z coordinates will advance by one, and will
                     always indicate the line you are currently working
                     on. Your actual line count will be one less. You
                     may have a maximum total of 3000 lines per drawing.

                     After selecting RETURN, you remain in the drawing
                     mode and can continue drawing more lines. To stop
                     drawing, press ESCAPE. Cursor key control will now
                     be back on the menu. If you ESCAPE before selecting
                     your line with RETURN, the unselected line will be
                     erased and the cursor will move back to the last
                     starting point and you will return to the menu.

               Note: Use the LINE UNITS command, or the F9 KEY to set
                     the increment the graphics cursor will move each
                     time you press a cursor key.

               Note: The center of Image-3D's "3D drawing space" is at
                     the x,y,z coordinate: 0,0,0 and the drawing space
                     extends 7,000 units in each direction. However you
                     should try to keep your image boundaries between
                     -3000 to +3000 since this is the size of the normal
                     viewport. (the extra space is for contingencies
                     and future program features)

           See Also: "Drawing In 3D" Section, MOVE PEN, LINE UNITS
                     LEFT-RIGHT, FRONT-BACK, TOP-BOTTOM, F9 KEY, F10 KEY








                                       17







         DRAW MENU                                              DRAW MENU

            Summary: Displays the Draw Menu, one of four primary menus
                     used in Image-3D.

            Menu(s): MENUS MENU

          Procedure: The Draw Menu displays one of the four primary
                     menus where all of the commands used to draw the
                     lines of your image can be selected. The Draw Menu
                     is also the first menu displayed from the Main Menu
                     after selecting the IMAGE DRAW command.

           See Also: IMAGE DRAW, MENUS, DRAW












































                                       18







         DRAWINGS                                                DRAWINGS

            Summary: Allows you to set or change the Disk Drive and/or
                     Path specification for the Drawing file directory.

            Menu(s): MAIN MENU

          Procedure: When retrieving or saving drawing files, Image-3D
                     needs to know which Disk Drive and/or Path the
                     files are located. Using the command DRAWINGS, you
                     configure the Drive specification Image-3D will use
                     to locate and save your drawing files.

                     The DRAWINGS command will prompt you to enter the
                     Disk Drive and Path specification you would like to
                     use. You are allowed to have a specification up to
                     a maximum of 40 characters. To cancel the command,
                     press ESCAPE. To enter, type in the specification
                     and press RETURN.

                     If you are setting a Disk Drive Only specification
                     then you must use the following syntax: enter the
                     Disk Drive Letter and a colon. Do Not enter a
                     backslash or any other character. An example to use
                     Disk Drive B is simply:  B:

                     If you are also using a Path specification then use
                     the following syntax: enter the Disk Drive Letter
                     followed by a colon, then enter the backslash (i.e.
                     \) followed by the name of the directory. Do not
                     include a backslash at the end of the directory.

                     For example, let's say you have Image-3D in a
                     directory called "Image" on your Hard Disk and you
                     have a separate directory for your Drawing files
                     located below the "Image" directory. For this
                     example the directory name for your Drawing files
                     will be appropriately named "Drawings"

                     The entry for DRAWINGS would be:  C:\IMAGE\DRAWINGS

               Note: Use SAVE CONFIG command to save your configuration.
















                                       19







         EDIT MENU                                              EDIT MENU

            Summary: Displays the Edit Menu, one of four primary menus
                     used in Image-3D.

            Menu(s): MENU MENUS

          Procedure: The Edit Menu displays one of the four primary
                     menus where all of the commands relating to the
                     Editing of your image can be selected.

           See Also: MENUS, DRAW MENU, VIEW MENU














































                                       20







         ENLARGE                                                  ENLARGE

            Summary: Displays the Enlarge Scr(een) Menu. Used to Zoom
                     or enlarge portions of the drawing viewport.

            Menu(s): DRAW MENU, VIEW MENU, EDIT MENU

          Procedure: Selecting the ENLARGE command will display a
                     menu with the following options: SMALL, LARGE,
                     NORMAL, PREVIOUS.

                     SMALL will enter you into the Small View Menu where
                     you can choose one of nine areas to enlarge. LARGE
                     is similar to the operation of SMALL, except you
                     have only five slightly larger areas to choose
                     from. NORMAL will redraw the display in its normal
                     setting. And PREVIOUS will return you to the menu
                     where you selected ENLARGE.

           See Also: SMALL, LARGE, NORMAL






































                                       21







         F1-F6 KEYS                                            F1-F6 KEYS

            Summary: Selects an Orthographic View.

            Menu(s): At anytime except during the XYZ VP command

          Procedure: The viewport is cleared and your image is redrawn
                     using one of the Six Orthographic Views. The views
                     are assigned to a separate function key as follows:


                          F1  LEFT VIEW         F2  RIGHT VIEW

                          F3  FRONT VIEW        F4  BACK VIEW

                          F5  TOP VIEW          F6  BOTTOM VIEW


                     You can use this command even while you're in Draw
                     or Pen Movement Mode. If Draw Mode is active, you
                     can use this command to assist you in positioning
                     your lines more quickly, since you can jump from
                     one view to another - even if you're in the middle
                     of drawing a line.

               Note: The F7 KEY is not used in Version 1.8, it is a
                     Version 3.0 feature for turning the Perspective
                     Mode On and Off.

           See Also: XYZ VP




























                                       22







         F8 KEY                                                    F8 KEY

            Summary: Toggles the display of an Axes Grid On and Off.

            Menu(s): At anytime except during the XYZ VP command

          Procedure: If Axes Grid is Off, it is now turned On and your
                     Image is redrawn with the Axes Grid.

                     If Axes Grid is On, it is now turned Off and your
                     Image is redrawn without the Axes Grid.

                     Image-3D creates the Axes Grid by drawing a line
                     along each Axes (X-Axis, Y-Axis, and Z-Axis) and is
                     useful in aligning your image to the center of
                     Image-3D's rotation point located at (0,0,0), or
                     just viewing your image in relation to the X,Y,Z
                     Axes.

               Note: PLAN VIEW temporarily turns the Axes Grid off when
                     drawing its four views.

           See Also: MOVE



































                                       23







         F9 KEY                                                    F9 KEY

            Summary: Allows the selection or change in LINE UNITS or
                     AXES UNITS during the command that uses those
                     units.

            Menu(s): NONE - Only active during the corresponding command
                     operation.

          Procedure: DURING THE DRAW OR MOVE PEN COMMANDS:

                     While drawing a line or positioning the graphics
                     cursor, you may find it necessary to use a
                     different Line Unit. Instead of ending the command
                     and moving to the Line Units Menu to select a new
                     Unit increment, you can now press the F9 KEY and
                     cycle through the menu items while you're still
                     using the DRAW or MOVE PEN command.

                     The Draw Menu displays your Drawing Units down in
                     the lower right-hand corner of the screen. Pressing
                     F9 will suspend the Draw or Move Pen command and
                     allow you to use the LEFT or RIGHT cursor keys to
                     cycle through the Units that would have been listed
                     on the Line Units Menu. As you press the cursor
                     key, the Units display will change. When you want
                     to select the displayed unit, press RETURN. You
                     will now resume with the DRAW or MOVE PEN command.


                     DURING THE XYZ VP COMMAND:

                     While rotating the XYZ VP Axes, you may find that
                     you would like to change the degree of rotation the
                     Axes moves each time. Instead of ending the command
                     operation and moving to the Axes Units Menu to
                     select a new degree increment, you can now press
                     the F9 KEY and cycle through the menu items while
                     you're still using the XYZ VP command.

                     The currently set Axes Unit is displayed on the
                     right-hand side of the screen. Pressing F9 will
                     suspend the XYZ VP command and allow you to use the
                     LEFT or RIGHT cursor keys to cycle through the Axes
                     Units that would have been listed on the Axes Units
                     Menu. As you press the cursor key, the Axes Unit
                     will change. When you want to select the displayed
                     unit, press RETURN. You will now resume in the XYZ
                     VP command and each movement of the XYZ VP Axes
                     will be by the displayed Axes Unit.

           See Also: DRAW, MOVE PEN, XYZ VP, UNITS, AXES UNITS,
                     LINE UNITS





                                       24







         F10 KEY                                                  F10 KEY

            Summary: "Redraw" clears the viewport and redraws your image.

            Menu(s): At anytime except during the XYZ VP command

          Procedure: The viewport is cleared and your image is redrawn.
                     The command will also clean up lines that may have
                     been partially erased by the graphics cursor moving
                     across previously drawn lines. Redraw does not
                     perform any rotation, tip, or perspective
                     calculations and will redraw your screen much
                     faster than it does after using XYZ VP.

               Note: You can use this command even while you're in Draw
                     or Pen Movement Mode.

               Note: The graphics cursor is only active on the Draw
                     Menu. Using the F10 KEY from any other menu allows
                     you to remove it from view. The graphics cursor
                     will then reappear when you return to the Draw Menu.





































                                       25







         FACTOR...                                              FACTOR...

            Summary: Your Image can be scaled using five different
                     factors: .99, .95, .90, .75, and .50. To choose a
                     scale factor select one of these factors from the
                     Scale Menu.

            Menu(s): SCALE MENU

          Procedure: The menu option FACTOR... does not perform any task
                     other than provide a heading for the Scale Factors
                     listed below it.

                     While on the Scale Menu, your current Scale Factor
                     is displayed in the lower right-hand corner of the
                     screen.

                     A Scale Factor of .50 will cause the greatest
                     amount of scaling to occur, whereas a Scale Factor
                     of .99 will cause the least.

                     You can change your Scaling Factor as needed, and
                     your current Scale Factor will also be saved with
                     your drawing data on disk.

           See Also: SCALE, SCALE TYPE, ALL SIDES, HEIGHT,
                     WIDTH, LENGTH, LARGER, SMALLER































                                       26







         FRONT-BACK                                            FRONT-BACK

            Summary: While using the DRAW or MOVE PEN commands, selects
                     the drawing plane that is associated with the Front
                     or Back Side of your image. (the X-Z Plane)

            Menu(s): NONE - Selected Only in DRAW or MOVE PEN commands.

          Procedure: While in either the Drawing Mode or the Pen Movement
                     Mode, you can toggle your drawing plane using the
                     HOME cursor key. A message in the upper right-hand
                     corner of the screen indicates your current
                     drawing plane.

                     The Front-Back drawing plane will cause any
                     subsequent movement of the graphics cursor to move
                     in relation to this plane and your viewpoint.

                     The LEFT and RIGHT cursor keys will move the
                     graphics cursor along the width of your image (the
                     X-Axis), while the UP and DOWN cursor keys will
                     move the graphics cursor along the height of your
                     image (the Z-Axis).

                     The current Y coordinate value (the location along
                     your image's length) will be locked in place as you
                     draw on the Front-Back Plane. To move along the
                     length of your image, you can use the LEFT-RIGHT or
                     TOP-BOTTOM drawing plane.

           See Also: LEFT-RIGHT, TOP-BOTTOM, DRAW, MOVE PEN



























                                       27







         FULL SCREEN                                          FULL SCREEN

            Summary: Clears the menu from the display, and temporarily
                     redraws your image using the entire screen.

            Menu(s): VIEW MENU

          Procedure: FULL SCREEN redraws your currently selected view
                     without a menu or message area by using the entire
                     screen as the drawing viewport.

                     The program is paused temporarily and pressing any
                     key will reset the viewport and return you back to
                     the View Menu.

                     The FULL SCREEN command is also the best place for
                     you to use any memory resident utility program that
                     allows you to print your display screen.

           See Also: ENLARGE






































                                       28







         HEIGHT                                                    HEIGHT

            Summary: A Scale Type option that indicates you want only
                     the height of your Image scaled.

            Menu(s): SCALE TYPE

          Procedure: By selecting SCALE from the View Menu, the Scale
                     Type Menu will be displayed. You must choose the
                     type of scale operation you want to perform.

                     HEIGHT means you want only the height (Z-Axis)
                     scaled.

                     After you choose HEIGHT, the Scale Menu will
                     appear and from this menu you perform the scaling
                     operations.

           See Also: SCALE, SCALE TYPE, ALL SIDES, WIDTH,
                     LENGTH, SMALLER, LARGER, FACTOR...






































                                       29







         IMAGE DRAW                                            IMAGE DRAW

            Summary: Starts a 3D graphics design session.

            Menu(s): MAIN MENU

          Procedure: To begin a new drawing, edit an existing one, or
                     just to view Images, this commands will clear the
                     Main Menu from the screen and display all the
                     drawing files you have on disk. You will then be
                     prompted for a filename.

                     If you want to cancel the command and return to the
                     Main Menu, Press ESCAPE.

                     To begin a new drawing, enter a new filename that
                     is not already in use, or is not on the current
                     disk. Do not include the ".3DM" extension.

                     To retrieve an existing drawing that is listed
                     in the directory, just enter its filename without
                     the ".3DM" extension.

                     After entering a filename, the program will enter
                     its graphics mode, display a viewport, and load
                     your drawing (or SETUP.TMP if it's a new drawing).
                     On existing files, the program must calculate your
                     viewpoint position, so you will have to wait a
                     moment as the program calculates and draws each
                     line in your image. When displayed, the Draw Menu
                     appears and you can begin selecting commands from
                     the menu.

           See Also: DRAWINGS, SAVE CONFIG, SETUP FILE
























                                       30







         LARGE                                                      LARGE

            Summary: Allows you to select one of five different areas
                     of the viewport to enlarge.

            Menu(s): ENLARGE

          Procedure: The viewport will divide into four quadrants
                     and a fifth quadrant will appear in the middle.
                     Choose the menu option that corresponds to the
                     quadrant you want to enlarge.

                     After making a selection, the viewport will be
                     redrawn to display only the area in the selected
                     quadrant. Then you will be returned to the menu
                     where you issued the ENLARGE command.

                     If you were already viewing an enlarged quadrant
                     when you selected LARGE, the screen will be redrawn
                     in order to display all 5 areas. You can select a
                     new area or use the PREVIOUS command to make no
                     change to your enlarged viewport. You can also
                     switch from LARGE to SMALL without having to use
                     the NORMAL command.

           See Also: ENLARGE, SMALL, NORMAL
































                                       31







         LARGER                                                    LARGER

            Summary: A scaling command that increases the size of your
                     Image using the Scale Type you've chosen and by the
                     current Scale Factor.

            Menu(s): SCALE MENU

          Procedure: The program will recalculate your drawing data and
                     then display your scaled Image. The degree of
                     scaling will be dependent upon the Scale Factor
                     being used.

                     After selecting the command you will remain in
                     the Scale Menu where you can continue with another
                     scaling operation.

                     Use SCALE TYPE to change the type of scaling
                     operation, or PREVIOUS to return to the View Menu.

           See Also: SCALE, SCALE TYPE, ALL SIDES, HEIGHT,
                     WIDTH, LENGTH, SMALLER, FACTOR..., MOVE




































                                       32







         LEFT-RIGHT                                            LEFT-RIGHT

            Summary: While using the DRAW or MOVE PEN commands, selects
                     the drawing plane that is associated with the Left
                     or Right Side of your image. (the Y-Z Plane)

            Menu(s): NONE - Selected Only in DRAW or MOVE PEN commands.

          Procedure: While in either the Drawing Mode or the Pen
                     Movement Mode, you can toggle your drawing plane
                     using the HOME cursor key. A message in the upper
                     right-hand corner of the screen indicates your
                     current drawing plane.

                     The Left-Right drawing plane will cause any
                     subsequent movement of the graphics cursor to move
                     in relation to this plane and your viewpoint.

                     The LEFT and RIGHT cursor keys will move the
                     graphics cursor along the length of your image (the
                     Y-Axis), while the UP and DOWN cursor keys will
                     move the graphics cursor along the height of your
                     image (the Z-Axis).

                     The current X coordinate value (the location along
                     your image's width) will be locked in place as you
                     draw on the Left-Right Plane. To move along the
                     width of your image, you can use the FRONT-BACK or
                     TOP-BOTTOM drawing plane.

           See Also: FRONT-BACK, TOP-BOTTOM, DRAW, MOVE PEN



























                                       33







         LENGTH                                                    LENGTH

            Summary: A Scale Type option that indicates you want only
                     the length of your Image scaled.

            Menu(s): SCALE TYPE

          Procedure: By selecting SCALE from the View Menu, the Scale
                     Type Menu will be displayed. You must choose the
                     type of scale operation you want to perform.

                     LENGTH means you want only the length (Y-Axis)
                     scaled.

                     After you choose LENGTH, the Scale Menu will
                     appear and from this menu you perform the scaling
                     operations.

           See Also: SCALE, SCALE TYPE, ALL SIDES, WIDTH,
                     HEIGHT, SMALLER, LARGER, FACTOR...






































                                       34







         LINE COLOR             (EGA Display Only)             LINE COLOR

            Summary: Allows you to choose the color of the next
                     line(s) to be drawn.

            Menu(s): COLORS MENU

          Procedure: The Line Color Menu displays all the 16 (0-15)
                     colors that are available for the lines of
                     your drawing.

                     Select the color you want your next line or lines
                     to be drawn in. You will continue to draw with
                     this selected color until you select another color.

                     After choosing a new line color, you will return to
                     the primary menu where you issued the COLORS
                     command.

               Note: To change the color associated with any of the
                     line colors, use the COLOR-FORE command.

           See Also: COLOR-FORE, LINE EDIT, COLORS



































                                       35







         LINE EDIT              (EGA Display Only)              LINE EDIT

            Summary: Allows you to edit the color of a previously
                     drawn line.

            Menu(s): COLORS MENU

          Procedure: To use this function you must first select a line
                     using the STEP EDIT command.

                     If you have selected a line using the STEP EDIT
                     command, the Line Edit Menu will be displayed. Like
                     the Line Color Menu, this menu displays all the 16
                     colors with a color bar next to each color number.

                     Choose the color you would like the selected line
                     to be changed to. When you do, the line will
                     immediately be drawn in the new color. You will
                     remain in the Line Edit Menu so you can run down
                     the list of colors choosing a color that is just
                     right for your image.

                     When finished, choose either COLORS MENU or
                     PREVIOUS to return to another menu. Your line
                     will now remain in the color you have just
                     selected.

           See Also: STEP EDIT, LINE COLOR, COLOR-FORE






























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