/* dd -- convert a file while copying it. Copyright (C) 1985, 1990, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. */ /* Written by Paul Rubin, David MacKenzie, and Stuart Kemp. */ /* Options: Numbers can be followed by a multiplier: b=512, c=1, k=1024, w=2, xm=number m if=FILE Read from FILE instead of stdin. of=FILE Write to FILE instead of stdout; don't truncate FILE. ibs=BYTES Read BYTES bytes at a time. obs=BYTES Write BYTES bytes at a time. bs=BYTES Override ibs and obs. cbs=BYTES Convert BYTES bytes at a time. skip=BLOCKS Skip BLOCKS ibs-sized blocks at start of input. seek=BLOCKS Skip BLOCKS obs-sized blocks at start of output. count=BLOCKS Copy only BLOCKS input blocks. conv=CONVERSION[,CONVERSION...] Conversions: ascii Convert EBCDIC to ASCII. ebcdic Convert ASCII to EBCDIC. ibm Convert ASCII to alternate EBCDIC. block Pad newline-terminated records to size of cbs, replacing newline with trailing spaces. unblock Replace trailing spaces in cbs-sized block with newline. lcase Change uppercase characters to lowercase. ucase Change lowercase characters to uppercase. swab Swap every pair of input bytes. Unlike the Unix dd, this works when an odd number of bytes are read. noerror Continue after read errors. sync Pad every input block to size of ibs with trailing NULs. */ #ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H #if defined (CONFIG_BROKETS) /* We use instead of "config.h" so that a compilation using -I. -I$srcdir will use ./config.h rather than $srcdir/config.h (which it would do because it found this file in $srcdir). */ #include #else #include "config.h" #endif #endif #include #ifdef __EMX__ #define islower(c) IsLower(c) #define isupper(c) IsUpper(c) #define tolower(c) ToLower(c) #define toupper(c) ToUpper(c) #define isdigit(c) ('0' <= (c) && (c) <= '9') #else #include #endif #if !defined (isascii) || defined (STDC_HEADERS) #undef isascii #define isascii(c) 1 #endif #define ISLOWER(c) (isascii (c) && islower (c)) #define ISUPPER(c) (isascii (c) && isupper (c)) #define ISDIGIT(c) (isascii (c) && isdigit (c)) #include #include #include #include "system.h" #include "version.h" #ifdef OS2 #undef _POSIX_VERSION #include "disktape.h" #endif #define equal(p, q) (strcmp ((p),(q)) == 0) #ifndef max #define max(a, b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b)) #endif #define output_char(c) \ do { \ obuf[oc++] = (c); if (oc >= output_blocksize) write_output (); \ } while (0) /* Default input and output blocksize. */ #define DEFAULT_BLOCKSIZE 512 /* Conversions bit masks. */ #define C_ASCII 01 #define C_EBCDIC 02 #define C_IBM 04 #define C_BLOCK 010 #define C_UNBLOCK 020 #define C_LCASE 040 #define C_UCASE 0100 #define C_SWAB 0200 #define C_NOERROR 0400 #define C_NOTRUNC 01000 #define C_SYNC 02000 /* Use separate input and output buffers, and combine partial input blocks. */ #define C_TWOBUFS 04000 char *xmalloc (); void error (); static RETSIGTYPE interrupt_handler (); static int bit_count (); static int parse_integer (); static void apply_translations (); static void copy (); static void copy_simple (); static void copy_with_block (); static void copy_with_unblock (); static void parse_conversion (); static void print_stats (); static void translate_charset (); static void quit (); static void scanargs (); static void skip (); static void usage (); static void write_output (); /* The name this program was run with. */ char *program_name; /* The name of the input file, or NULL for the standard input. */ static char *input_file = NULL; /* The input file descriptor. */ static int input_fd = 0; /* The name of the output file, or NULL for the standard output. */ static char *output_file = NULL; /* The output file descriptor. */ static int output_fd = 1; /* The number of bytes in which atomic reads are done. */ static long input_blocksize = -1; /* The number of bytes in which atomic writes are done. */ static long output_blocksize = -1; /* Conversion buffer size, in bytes. 0 prevents conversions. */ static long conversion_blocksize = 0; /* Skip this many records of `input_blocksize' bytes before input. */ static long skip_records = 0; /* Skip this many records of `output_blocksize' bytes before output. */ static long seek_record = 0; /* Copy only this many records. <0 means no limit. */ static int max_records = -1; /* Bit vector of conversions to apply. */ static int conversions_mask = 0; /* If nonzero, filter characters through the translation table. */ static int translation_needed = 0; /* Number of partial blocks written. */ static unsigned w_partial = 0; /* Number of full blocks written. */ static unsigned w_full = 0; /* Number of partial blocks read. */ static unsigned r_partial = 0; /* Number of full blocks read. */ static unsigned r_full = 0; /* Records truncated by conv=block. */ static unsigned r_truncate = 0; /* Output representation of newline and space characters. They change if we're converting to EBCDIC. */ static unsigned char newline_character = '\n'; static unsigned char space_character = ' '; /* echo progress */ int echo_progress = 0; /* use logical disk parameters rather than physical ones for floppies */ int use_logical = 0; struct conversion { char *convname; int conversion; }; static struct conversion conversions[] = { {"ascii", C_ASCII | C_TWOBUFS}, /* EBCDIC to ASCII. */ {"ebcdic", C_EBCDIC | C_TWOBUFS}, /* ASCII to EBCDIC. */ {"ibm", C_IBM | C_TWOBUFS}, /* Slightly different ASCII to EBCDIC. */ {"block", C_BLOCK | C_TWOBUFS}, /* Variable to fixed length records. */ {"unblock", C_UNBLOCK | C_TWOBUFS}, /* Fixed to variable length records. */ {"lcase", C_LCASE | C_TWOBUFS}, /* Translate upper to lower case. */ {"ucase", C_UCASE | C_TWOBUFS}, /* Translate lower to upper case. */ {"swab", C_SWAB | C_TWOBUFS}, /* Swap bytes of input. */ {"noerror", C_NOERROR}, /* Ignore i/o errors. */ {"notrunc", C_NOTRUNC}, /* Do not truncate output file. */ {"sync", C_SYNC}, /* Pad input records to ibs with NULs. */ {NULL, 0} }; /* Translation table formed by applying successive transformations. */ static unsigned char trans_table[256]; static unsigned char const ascii_to_ebcdic[] = { 0, 01, 02, 03, 067, 055, 056, 057, 026, 05, 045, 013, 014, 015, 016, 017, 020, 021, 022, 023, 074, 075, 062, 046, 030, 031, 077, 047, 034, 035, 036, 037, 0100, 0117, 0177, 0173, 0133, 0154, 0120, 0175, 0115, 0135, 0134, 0116, 0153, 0140, 0113, 0141, 0360, 0361, 0362, 0363, 0364, 0365, 0366, 0367, 0370, 0371, 0172, 0136, 0114, 0176, 0156, 0157, 0174, 0301, 0302, 0303, 0304, 0305, 0306, 0307, 0310, 0311, 0321, 0322, 0323, 0324, 0325, 0326, 0327, 0330, 0331, 0342, 0343, 0344, 0345, 0346, 0347, 0350, 0351, 0112, 0340, 0132, 0137, 0155, 0171, 0201, 0202, 0203, 0204, 0205, 0206, 0207, 0210, 0211, 0221, 0222, 0223, 0224, 0225, 0226, 0227, 0230, 0231, 0242, 0243, 0244, 0245, 0246, 0247, 0250, 0251, 0300, 0152, 0320, 0241, 07, 040, 041, 042, 043, 044, 025, 06, 027, 050, 051, 052, 053, 054, 011, 012, 033, 060, 061, 032, 063, 064, 065, 066, 010, 070, 071, 072, 073, 04, 024, 076, 0341, 0101, 0102, 0103, 0104, 0105, 0106, 0107, 0110, 0111, 0121, 0122, 0123, 0124, 0125, 0126, 0127, 0130, 0131, 0142, 0143, 0144, 0145, 0146, 0147, 0150, 0151, 0160, 0161, 0162, 0163, 0164, 0165, 0166, 0167, 0170, 0200, 0212, 0213, 0214, 0215, 0216, 0217, 0220, 0232, 0233, 0234, 0235, 0236, 0237, 0240, 0252, 0253, 0254, 0255, 0256, 0257, 0260, 0261, 0262, 0263, 0264, 0265, 0266, 0267, 0270, 0271, 0272, 0273, 0274, 0275, 0276, 0277, 0312, 0313, 0314, 0315, 0316, 0317, 0332, 0333, 0334, 0335, 0336, 0337, 0352, 0353, 0354, 0355, 0356, 0357, 0372, 0373, 0374, 0375, 0376, 0377 }; static unsigned char const ascii_to_ibm[] = { 0, 01, 02, 03, 067, 055, 056, 057, 026, 05, 045, 013, 014, 015, 016, 017, 020, 021, 022, 023, 074, 075, 062, 046, 030, 031, 077, 047, 034, 035, 036, 037, 0100, 0132, 0177, 0173, 0133, 0154, 0120, 0175, 0115, 0135, 0134, 0116, 0153, 0140, 0113, 0141, 0360, 0361, 0362, 0363, 0364, 0365, 0366, 0367, 0370, 0371, 0172, 0136, 0114, 0176, 0156, 0157, 0174, 0301, 0302, 0303, 0304, 0305, 0306, 0307, 0310, 0311, 0321, 0322, 0323, 0324, 0325, 0326, 0327, 0330, 0331, 0342, 0343, 0344, 0345, 0346, 0347, 0350, 0351, 0255, 0340, 0275, 0137, 0155, 0171, 0201, 0202, 0203, 0204, 0205, 0206, 0207, 0210, 0211, 0221, 0222, 0223, 0224, 0225, 0226, 0227, 0230, 0231, 0242, 0243, 0244, 0245, 0246, 0247, 0250, 0251, 0300, 0117, 0320, 0241, 07, 040, 041, 042, 043, 044, 025, 06, 027, 050, 051, 052, 053, 054, 011, 012, 033, 060, 061, 032, 063, 064, 065, 066, 010, 070, 071, 072, 073, 04, 024, 076, 0341, 0101, 0102, 0103, 0104, 0105, 0106, 0107, 0110, 0111, 0121, 0122, 0123, 0124, 0125, 0126, 0127, 0130, 0131, 0142, 0143, 0144, 0145, 0146, 0147, 0150, 0151, 0160, 0161, 0162, 0163, 0164, 0165, 0166, 0167, 0170, 0200, 0212, 0213, 0214, 0215, 0216, 0217, 0220, 0232, 0233, 0234, 0235, 0236, 0237, 0240, 0252, 0253, 0254, 0255, 0256, 0257, 0260, 0261, 0262, 0263, 0264, 0265, 0266, 0267, 0270, 0271, 0272, 0273, 0274, 0275, 0276, 0277, 0312, 0313, 0314, 0315, 0316, 0317, 0332, 0333, 0334, 0335, 0336, 0337, 0352, 0353, 0354, 0355, 0356, 0357, 0372, 0373, 0374, 0375, 0376, 0377 }; static unsigned char const ebcdic_to_ascii[] = { 0, 01, 02, 03, 0234, 011, 0206, 0177, 0227, 0215, 0216, 013, 014, 015, 016, 017, 020, 021, 022, 023, 0235, 0205, 010, 0207, 030, 031, 0222, 0217, 034, 035, 036, 037, 0200, 0201, 0202, 0203, 0204, 012, 027, 033, 0210, 0211, 0212, 0213, 0214, 05, 06, 07, 0220, 0221, 026, 0223, 0224, 0225, 0226, 04, 0230, 0231, 0232, 0233, 024, 025, 0236, 032, 040, 0240, 0241, 0242, 0243, 0244, 0245, 0246, 0247, 0250, 0133, 056, 074, 050, 053, 041, 046, 0251, 0252, 0253, 0254, 0255, 0256, 0257, 0260, 0261, 0135, 044, 052, 051, 073, 0136, 055, 057, 0262, 0263, 0264, 0265, 0266, 0267, 0270, 0271, 0174, 054, 045, 0137, 076, 077, 0272, 0273, 0274, 0275, 0276, 0277, 0300, 0301, 0302, 0140, 072, 043, 0100, 047, 075, 042, 0303, 0141, 0142, 0143, 0144, 0145, 0146, 0147, 0150, 0151, 0304, 0305, 0306, 0307, 0310, 0311, 0312, 0152, 0153, 0154, 0155, 0156, 0157, 0160, 0161, 0162, 0313, 0314, 0315, 0316, 0317, 0320, 0321, 0176, 0163, 0164, 0165, 0166, 0167, 0170, 0171, 0172, 0322, 0323, 0324, 0325, 0326, 0327, 0330, 0331, 0332, 0333, 0334, 0335, 0336, 0337, 0340, 0341, 0342, 0343, 0344, 0345, 0346, 0347, 0173, 0101, 0102, 0103, 0104, 0105, 0106, 0107, 0110, 0111, 0350, 0351, 0352, 0353, 0354, 0355, 0175, 0112, 0113, 0114, 0115, 0116, 0117, 0120, 0121, 0122, 0356, 0357, 0360, 0361, 0362, 0363, 0134, 0237, 0123, 0124, 0125, 0126, 0127, 0130, 0131, 0132, 0364, 0365, 0366, 0367, 0370, 0371, 060, 061, 062, 063, 064, 065, 066, 067, 070, 071, 0372, 0373, 0374, 0375, 0376, 0377 }; /* If non-zero, display usage information and exit. */ static int show_help; /* If non-zero, print the version on standard output and exit. */ static int show_version; static struct option const long_options[] = { {"help", no_argument, &show_help, 1}, {"version", no_argument, &show_version, 1}, {0, 0, 0, 0} }; void main (argc, argv) int argc; char **argv; { #ifdef _POSIX_VERSION struct sigaction sigact; #endif /* _POSIX_VERSION */ int i; program_name = argv[0]; /* Initialize translation table to identity translation. */ for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) trans_table[i] = i; /* Decode arguments. */ scanargs (argc, argv); if (show_version) { printf ("%s\n", version_string); exit (0); } if (show_help) usage (0); apply_translations (); if (input_file != NULL) { input_fd = open (input_file, O_RDONLY | O_BINARY, 0); if (input_fd < 0) error (1, errno, "%s", input_file); } else { input_file = "standard input"; if ( isatty(fileno(stdin)) ) usage(0); } if (input_fd == output_fd) error (1, 0, "standard %s is closed", input_fd == 0 ? "input" : "output"); if (output_file != NULL) { int omode = O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_BINARY; if (seek_record == 0 && !(conversions_mask & C_NOTRUNC)) omode |= O_TRUNC; output_fd = open (output_file, omode, 0666); if (output_fd < 0) error (1, errno, "%s", output_file); #ifdef HAVE_FTRUNCATE if (seek_record > 0 && !(conversions_mask & C_NOTRUNC)) { if (ftruncate (output_fd, seek_record * output_blocksize) < 0) error (0, errno, "%s", output_file); } #endif } else output_file = "standard output"; #ifdef OS2 setmode (input_fd, O_BINARY); setmode (output_fd, O_BINARY); #endif #ifdef _POSIX_VERSION sigaction (SIGINT, NULL, &sigact); if (sigact.sa_handler != SIG_IGN) { sigact.sa_handler = interrupt_handler; sigemptyset (&sigact.sa_mask); sigact.sa_flags = 0; sigaction (SIGINT, &sigact, NULL); } #else /* !_POSIX_VERSION */ if (signal (SIGINT, SIG_IGN) != SIG_IGN) signal (SIGINT, interrupt_handler); #endif /* !_POSIX_VERSION */ copy (); } /* Throw away RECORDS blocks of BLOCKSIZE bytes on file descriptor FDESC, which is open with read permission for FILE. Store up to BLOCKSIZE bytes of the data at a time in BUF, if necessary. */ static void skip (fdesc, file, records, blocksize, buf) int fdesc; char *file; long records; long blocksize; char *buf; { struct stat stats; /* Use fstat instead of checking for errno == ESPIPE because lseek doesn't work on some special files but doesn't return an error, either. */ if (fstat (fdesc, &stats)) { error (0, errno, "%s", file); quit (1); } if (S_ISREG (stats.st_mode)) { if (lseek (fdesc, records * blocksize, SEEK_SET) < 0) { error (0, errno, "%s", file); quit (1); } } else { while (records-- > 0) { if (read (fdesc, buf, blocksize) < 0) { error (0, errno, "%s", file); quit (1); } /* FIXME If fewer bytes were read than requested, meaning that EOF was reached, POSIX wants the output file padded with NULs. */ } } } /* Apply the character-set translations specified by the user to the NREAD bytes in BUF. */ static void translate_buffer (buf, nread) unsigned char *buf; int nread; { register unsigned char *cp; register int i; for (i = nread, cp = buf; i; i--, cp++) *cp = trans_table[*cp]; } /* If nonnzero, the last char from the previous call to `swab_buffer' is saved in `saved_char'. */ static int char_is_saved = 0; /* Odd char from previous call. */ static unsigned char saved_char; /* Swap NREAD bytes in BUF, plus possibly an initial char from the previous call. If NREAD is odd, save the last char for the next call. Return the new start of the BUF buffer. */ static unsigned char * swab_buffer (buf, nread) unsigned char *buf; int *nread; { unsigned char *bufstart = buf; register unsigned char *cp; register int i; /* Is a char left from last time? */ if (char_is_saved) { *--bufstart = saved_char; (*nread)++; char_is_saved = 0; } if (*nread & 1) { /* An odd number of chars are in the buffer. */ saved_char = bufstart[--*nread]; char_is_saved = 1; } /* Do the byte-swapping by moving every second character two positions toward the end, working from the end of the buffer toward the beginning. This way we only move half of the data. */ cp = bufstart + *nread; /* Start one char past the last. */ for (i = *nread / 2; i; i--, cp -= 2) *cp = *(cp - 2); return ++bufstart; } /* Output buffer. */ static unsigned char *obuf; /* Current index into `obuf'. */ static int oc = 0; /* Index into current line, for `conv=block' and `conv=unblock'. */ static int col = 0; /* The main loop. */ static void copy () { unsigned char *ibuf, *bufstart; /* Input buffer. */ int nread; /* Bytes read in the current block. */ int exit_status = 0; /* Leave an extra byte at the beginning and end of `ibuf' for conv=swab. */ ibuf = (unsigned char *) xmalloc (input_blocksize + 2) + 1; if (conversions_mask & C_TWOBUFS) obuf = (unsigned char *) xmalloc (output_blocksize); else obuf = ibuf; if (skip_records > 0) skip (input_fd, input_file, skip_records, input_blocksize, ibuf); if (seek_record > 0) skip (output_fd, output_file, seek_record, output_blocksize, obuf); if (max_records == 0) quit (exit_status); while (1) { if (max_records >= 0 && r_partial + r_full >= max_records) break; /* Zero the buffer before reading, so that if we get a read error, whatever data we are able to read is followed by zeros. This minimizes data loss. */ if ((conversions_mask & C_SYNC) && (conversions_mask & C_NOERROR)) bzero (ibuf, input_blocksize); nread = read (input_fd, ibuf, input_blocksize); if (nread == 0) break; /* EOF. */ if (nread < 0) { error (0, errno, "%s", input_file); if (conversions_mask & C_NOERROR) { print_stats (); /* Seek past the bad block if possible. */ lseek (input_fd, input_blocksize, SEEK_CUR); if (conversions_mask & C_SYNC) /* Replace the missing input with null bytes and proceed normally. */ nread = 0; else continue; } else { /* Write any partial block. */ exit_status = 2; break; } } if (nread < input_blocksize) { r_partial++; if (conversions_mask & C_SYNC) { if (!(conversions_mask & C_NOERROR)) /* If C_NOERROR, we zeroed the block before reading. */ bzero (ibuf + nread, input_blocksize - nread); nread = input_blocksize; } } else { r_full++; if (echo_progress) fprintf (stderr, "\r%d ", r_full); } if (ibuf == obuf) /* If not C_TWOBUFS. */ { int nwritten = write (output_fd, obuf, nread); if (nwritten != nread) { error (0, errno, "%s", output_file); if (nwritten > 0) w_partial++; quit (1); } else if (nread == input_blocksize) w_full++; else w_partial++; continue; } /* Do any translations on the whole buffer at once. */ if (translation_needed) translate_buffer (ibuf, nread); if (conversions_mask & C_SWAB) bufstart = swab_buffer (ibuf, &nread); else bufstart = ibuf; if (conversions_mask & C_BLOCK) copy_with_block (bufstart, nread); else if (conversions_mask & C_UNBLOCK) copy_with_unblock (bufstart, nread); else copy_simple (bufstart, nread); } /* If we have a char left as a result of conv=swab, output it. */ if (char_is_saved) { if (conversions_mask & C_BLOCK) copy_with_block (&saved_char, 1); else if (conversions_mask & C_UNBLOCK) copy_with_unblock (&saved_char, 1); else output_char (saved_char); } if ((conversions_mask & C_BLOCK) && col > 0) { /* If the final input line didn't end with a '\n', pad the output block to `conversion_blocksize' chars. */ int pending_spaces = max (0, conversion_blocksize - col); while (pending_spaces) { output_char (space_character); --pending_spaces; } } if ((conversions_mask & C_UNBLOCK) && col == conversion_blocksize) /* Add a final '\n' if there are exactly `conversion_blocksize' characters in the final record. */ output_char (newline_character); /* Write out the last block. */ if (oc > 0) { int nwritten = write (output_fd, obuf, oc); if (nwritten > 0) w_partial++; if (nwritten != oc) { error (0, errno, "%s", output_file); quit (1); } } free (ibuf - 1); if (obuf != ibuf) free (obuf); quit (exit_status); } /* Copy NREAD bytes of BUF, with no conversions. */ static void copy_simple (buf, nread) unsigned char *buf; int nread; { int nfree; /* Number of unused bytes in `obuf'. */ unsigned char *start = buf; /* First uncopied char in BUF. */ do { nfree = output_blocksize - oc; if (nfree > nread) nfree = nread; bcopy (start, obuf + oc, nfree); nread -= nfree; /* Update the number of bytes left to copy. */ start += nfree; oc += nfree; if (oc >= output_blocksize) write_output (); } while (nread > 0); } /* Copy NREAD bytes of BUF, doing conv=block (pad newline-terminated records to `conversion_blocksize', replacing the newline with trailing spaces). */ static void copy_with_block (buf, nread) unsigned char *buf; int nread; { register int i; for (i = nread; i; i--, buf++) { if (*buf == newline_character) { int pending_spaces = max (0, conversion_blocksize - col); while (pending_spaces) { output_char (space_character); --pending_spaces; } col = 0; } else { if (col == conversion_blocksize) r_truncate++; else if (col < conversion_blocksize) output_char (*buf); col++; } } } /* Copy NREAD bytes of BUF, doing conv=unblock (replace trailing spaces in `conversion_blocksize'-sized records with a newline). */ static void copy_with_unblock (buf, nread) unsigned char *buf; int nread; { register int i; register unsigned char c; static int pending_spaces = 0; for (i = 0; i < nread; i++) { c = buf[i]; if (col++ >= conversion_blocksize) { col = pending_spaces = 0; /* Wipe out any pending spaces. */ i--; /* Push the char back; get it later. */ output_char (newline_character); } else if (c == space_character) pending_spaces++; else { /* `c' is the character after a run of spaces that were not at the end of the conversion buffer. Output them. */ while (pending_spaces) { output_char (space_character); --pending_spaces; } output_char (c); } } } /* Write, then empty, the output buffer `obuf'. */ static void write_output () { int nwritten = write (output_fd, obuf, output_blocksize); if (nwritten != output_blocksize) { error (0, errno, "%s", output_file); if (nwritten > 0) w_partial++; quit (1); } else w_full++; oc = 0; } static void scanargs (argc, argv) int argc; char **argv; { int i, n; int c; while ((c = getopt_long (argc, argv, "", long_options, (int *) 0)) != EOF) { switch (c) { case 0: break; default: usage (1); } } for (i = optind; i < argc; i++) { char *name, *val; name = argv[i]; val = index (name, '='); if (val == NULL) { error (0, 0, "unrecognized option `%s'", name); usage (1); } *val++ = '\0'; if (equal (name, "if")) input_file = val; else if (equal (name, "of")) output_file = val; else if (equal (name, "echo")) echo_progress = equal (val, "on"); else if (equal (name, "logdisk")) use_logical = equal (val, "on"); else if (equal (name, "conv")) parse_conversion (val); else { n = parse_integer (val); if (n < 0) error (1, 0, "invalid number `%s'", val); if (equal (name, "ibs")) { input_blocksize = n; conversions_mask |= C_TWOBUFS; } else if (equal (name, "obs")) { output_blocksize = n; conversions_mask |= C_TWOBUFS; } else if (equal (name, "bs")) output_blocksize = input_blocksize = n; else if (equal (name, "cbs")) conversion_blocksize = n; else if (equal (name, "skip")) skip_records = n; else if (equal (name, "seek")) seek_record = n; else if (equal (name, "count")) max_records = n; else { error (0, 0, "unrecognized option `%s=%s'", name, val); usage (1); } } } /* If bs= was given, both `input_blocksize' and `output_blocksize' will have been set to non-negative values. If either has not been set, bs= was not given, so make sure two buffers are used. */ if (input_blocksize == -1 || output_blocksize == -1) conversions_mask |= C_TWOBUFS; if (input_blocksize == -1) input_blocksize = DEFAULT_BLOCKSIZE; if (output_blocksize == -1) output_blocksize = DEFAULT_BLOCKSIZE; if (conversion_blocksize == 0) conversions_mask &= ~(C_BLOCK | C_UNBLOCK); } /* Return the value of STR, interpreted as a non-negative decimal integer, optionally multiplied by various values. Return -1 if STR does not represent a number in this format. */ static int parse_integer (str) char *str; { register int n = 0; register int temp; register char *p = str; while (ISDIGIT (*p)) { n = n * 10 + *p - '0'; p++; } loop: switch (*p++) { case '\0': return n; case 'b': n *= 512; goto loop; case 'c': goto loop; case 'k': n *= 1024; goto loop; case 'w': n *= 2; goto loop; case 'x': temp = parse_integer (p); if (temp == -1) return -1; n *= temp; break; default: return -1; } return n; } /* Interpret one "conv=..." option. */ static void parse_conversion (str) char *str; { char *new; int i; do { new = index (str, ','); if (new != NULL) *new++ = '\0'; for (i = 0; conversions[i].convname != NULL; i++) if (equal (conversions[i].convname, str)) { conversions_mask |= conversions[i].conversion; break; } if (conversions[i].convname == NULL) { error (0, 0, "%s: invalid conversion", str); usage (1); } str = new; } while (new != NULL); } /* Fix up translation table. */ static void apply_translations () { int i; #define MX(a) (bit_count (conversions_mask & (a))) if ((MX (C_ASCII | C_EBCDIC | C_IBM) > 1) || (MX (C_BLOCK | C_UNBLOCK) > 1) || (MX (C_LCASE | C_UCASE) > 1) || (MX (C_UNBLOCK | C_SYNC) > 1)) { error (1, 0, "\ only one conv in {ascii,ebcdic,ibm}, {lcase,ucase}, {block,unblock}, {unblock,sync}"); } #undef MX if (conversions_mask & C_ASCII) translate_charset (ebcdic_to_ascii); if (conversions_mask & C_UCASE) { for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) if (ISLOWER (trans_table[i])) trans_table[i] = toupper (trans_table[i]); translation_needed = 1; } else if (conversions_mask & C_LCASE) { for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) if (ISUPPER (trans_table[i])) trans_table[i] = tolower (trans_table[i]); translation_needed = 1; } if (conversions_mask & C_EBCDIC) { translate_charset (ascii_to_ebcdic); newline_character = ascii_to_ebcdic['\n']; space_character = ascii_to_ebcdic[' ']; } else if (conversions_mask & C_IBM) { translate_charset (ascii_to_ibm); newline_character = ascii_to_ibm['\n']; space_character = ascii_to_ibm[' ']; } } static void translate_charset (new_trans) unsigned char *new_trans; { int i; for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) trans_table[i] = new_trans[trans_table[i]]; translation_needed = 1; } /* Return the number of 1 bits in `i'. */ static int bit_count (i) register unsigned int i; { register int set_bits; for (set_bits = 0; i != 0; set_bits++) i &= i - 1; return set_bits; } static void print_stats () { fprintf (stderr, "\r%u+%u records in\n", r_full, r_partial); fprintf (stderr, "%u+%u records out\n", w_full, w_partial); if (r_truncate > 0) fprintf (stderr, "%u truncated record%s\n", r_truncate, r_truncate == 1 ? "" : "s"); } static void quit (code) int code; { int errcode = code ? code : 1; print_stats (); if (close (input_fd) < 0) error (errcode, errno, "%s", input_file); if (close (output_fd) < 0) error (errcode, errno, "%s", output_file); exit (code); } static RETSIGTYPE interrupt_handler () { quit (1); } static void usage (status) int status; { print_version("dd"); if (status != 0) fprintf (stderr, "Try `%s --help' for more information.\n", program_name); else { printf ("Usage: %s [OPTION]...\n", program_name); printf ("\ \n\ bs=BYTES force ibs=BYTES and obs=BYTES\n\ cbs=BYTES convert BYTES bytes at a time\n\ conv=KEYWORDS convert the file as per the comma separated keyword list\n\ count=BLOCKS copy only BLOCKS input blocks\n\ ibs=BYTES read BYTES bytes at a time\n\ if=FILE read from FILE instead of stdin\n\ obs=BYTES write BYTES bytes at a time\n\ of=FILE write to FILE instead of stdout, don't truncate file\n\ seek=BLOCKS skip BLOCKS obs-sized blocks at start of output\n\ skip=BLOCKS skip BLOCKS ibs-sized blocks at start of input\n\ echo=on display progress by counting blocks on stdout\n\ logdisk=on on floppy drives, use logical drive parameters\n\ --help display this help and exit\n\ --version output version information and exit\n\ \n\ FILE can also be a floppy drive name, such as A: or B:\n\ \n\ BYTES may be suffixed: by xM for multiplication by M, by c for x1,\n\ by w for x2, by b for x512, by k for x1024. Each KEYWORD may be:\n\ \n\ ascii from EBCDIC to ASCII\n\ ebcdic from ASCII to EBCDIC\n\ ibm from ASCII to alternated EBCDIC\n\ block pad newline-terminated records with spaces to cbs-size \n\ unblock replace trailing spaces in cbs-size records with newline\n\ lcase change uppercase to lowercase\n\ ucase change lowercase to uppercase\n\ swab swap every pair of input bytes\n\ noerror continue after read errors\n\ sync pad every input block with NULs to ibs-size\n"); } exit (status); }