PROPERTIES OF AIR AND WATER

DENSITY kg/m3(Lbm/ft3):
Fresh Water
999.87@0°C
1000.00(62.43)@4°C(39°F)
999.73@10°C
999.13@15°C
998.23@20°C
997.07@25°C
995.68@30°C
994.06@35°C
988.07@50°C
958.38@100°C
Ice
917@0°C
Sea Water
1020.0-1030.0 range
1027.7-1027.9 (64.18) >50%
Air (dry)
1.377@-20°C
1.275@0°C
1.225@15°C
1.188(0.074)@20°C(68°F)
1.09@50°C
0.933@100°C
0.736@200°C
0.517@400°C
moist air density(g/L)
1.2929*(273.15/T)*((P-Vp)/101325)

SALINITY (S avg) 3.47% (3.3-3.7%)
salinity=1.80655*chlorinity
no density anomaly if S>2.47%
Tfreez -1.33°C@S=2.47%
-2.5°C@S=3.4%

COMPRESSIBILITY (K=Bulk Mod.) GN/m2
K=2.24 (2.42 sea water) @20°C
ro1/ro0=exp((p1-p0)/K)
ro=density

SPEED OF SOUND m/s
Water
1450@0°C&S=3.49%
increases with T,S,p:
4m/s per 1K
1.5m/s per 0.1%S
18m/s per 100atm
c=sqrt(K/ro)
Air(dry)
343@20°C(331@0°C,350@30°C)
c=sqrt(kRT)
R=8.31451J/(gmol*K)
k=cp/cv=1.4019

VISCOSITY (µ) dynamic, N*s/m2
Water
1.79e-3@0°C
1.52e-3@4°C
1.14e-3@15°C
1.00e-3@20°C
0.891e-3@25°C
0.282e-3@100°C
Sea water
1.08@20°C
Air
0.0161e-3@-20°C
0.0172e-3@0°C
0.0181e-3@20°C
0.0217e-3@100°C
0.0257e-3@200°C

O2/WATER SOLUBILITY(1 atm) mg/L
14.16@0°C
12.70@4°C
10.92@10°C
9.76@15°C
8.84@20°C
8.11@25°C
7.04@35°C

WATER(ICE) VAPOUR PRESS. kPa(g/m2 air)
0.037997(0.341)@-30°C
0.10346(0.883)@-20°C
0.25998(2.140)@-10°C
0.61129(4.85)@0°C
0.81359(6.35)@4°C
1.2281(9.40)@10°C
1.7056(12.80)@15°C
2.3388(17.30)@20°C
3.1690(23.05)@25°C
5.6267(39.55)@35°C
12.344(83.05)@50°C
101.32@100°C
1553.6@200°C
8583.8@300°C

THERM. CONDUCTIVITY(k) W/(m*K)
Water
0.58@0°C
0.59@20°C
0.68@100°C
Ice
2.215@0°C
Air
0.025@0°C
0.026@20°C
0.053@400°C

q=k*A*(Th-Tc)/L (wall)

SOLAR CONSTANT (all wavelengths)
1360 W/m2 outside atm.
~50% @ earth surface

SPECIFIC HEAT kJ/(kg*K)
Water
cp=4.18
Ice
c=2.09
Air
cv=1.005 @0°C
cp=0.718 @0°C

Q=c*m*(T1-T0)

LATENT HEAT kJ/kg(cal/g)
Ice-fusion = 335(80)
Water-evaporation = 2250(540)

AIR COMPOSITION (by volume)
M.W.=28.97
N2 78%
O2 21%
Ar 1%

WATER SURFACE TENSION N/m
0.0747@280K
0.0733@290K
0.0717@300K
0.0685@320K
0.0651@340K
0.0615@360K
0.0576@380K
0.0536@400K

WATER BOILING POINT °C
32.88@5kPa
45.82@10kPa
60.07@20kPa
75.88@40kPa
85.95@60kPa
93.51@80kPa
96.71@90kPa
98.21@95kPa
99.63@100kPa
100.00@101.325kPa
101.00@105kPa
102.32@110kPa
104.81@120kPa
111.38@150kPa
120.24@200kPa

US STANDARD ATMOSPHERE
h(m) T(°C) p/p0 ro/ro0
-500 18.2 1.061 1.049
0 15.0 1.000 1.000
500 11.7 0.9421 0.9529
1000 8.5 0.8870 0.9075
1500 5.2 0.8345 0.8638
2000 2.0 0.7846 0.8217
2500 -1.3 0.7372 0.7812
3000 -4.5 0.6920 0.7423
3500 -7.8 0.6492 0.7048
4000 -11.0 0.6085 0.6689
4500 -14.3 0.5700 0.6343
5000 -17.5 0.5334 0.6012
6000 -25.0 0.4660 0.5389
7000 -30.5 0.4057 0.4817
8000 -37.0 0.3519 0.4292
9000 -43.5 0.3040 0.3813
10000 -49.9 0.2615 0.3376
11000 -56.4 0.2240 0.2978
20000 -56.5 0.05457 0.07258
30000 -46.7 0.01181 0.01503
50000 -2.5 7.874e-4 8.383e-4
60000 -17.4 2.217e-4 2.497e-4
80000 -92.5 1.023e-5 1.632e-5
(p0=101325Pa, ro0=1.2250kg/m3)
T(K)=T(°C)+273.15

by Maciej Tomczak 1997
All Rights Reserved
Please send comments to:
tomczak@uwindsor.ca