

		           SECTION 182 PRESENTS

		            ONE - EIGHT - TWO

		   Information For The Information Society


 


 Section 182 is pleased to bring you ONE - EIGHT - TWO, a magazine in
 and about the happenings of CU, The Information Age, and daily blurbs
 thereof.
 
 Comments, suggestions, opposing viewpoints, hate mail, correspondance,
 etc., are always welcome. Please send all mail via Internet to 
 wil@fiver.UUCP.
 

 FROM THE FRINGE - What's in this issue
 --------------------------------------

 	This month, ONE EIGHT TWO looks into airline crashes, possible
 new round of investigations into hacking activities, an elaborate hoax,
 the phreak/hack scene in Europe, and a small long distance carrier taking
 on code abusers.






 NEW EVIDENCE IN LAUDA CRASH
 Computer Error, Not Terrorism, Suspected
 
 Taken from The Times, London. June 3, 1991
 Reprinted in RISKS Forum 11.78 by Paul Leyland <pcl@convex.oxford.ac.uk>
 -------------------------------------------------------------------------

 New evidence that the crash of a Lauda Air Boeing 767-300 in Thailand
 had been caused by in-flight reversal of the thrust on one engine has
 stunned the aviation industry.
 
 Niki Lauda, owner of Lauda Air, made the claim in Vienna, after returning
 from Washington, where the flight data and cockpit voice recorders of the
 jet were being analyzed. The Austrian transport ministry supported the
 assertion. If the diagnosis were confirmed, the accident would be
 unprecedented, Herr Lauda said. The crash investigators have yet to comment.
 
 The computerized airliner's systems have the capacity for self analysis
 and should have corrected such a basic error. Reverse thrust is normally
 locked out during flight and only used on the ground. It is thought to
 be virtually impossible for reverse thrust to be deployed when the 
 engine is pushing maximum, as the jet would have been. The incident
 happened about 16 minutes after takeoff.
 
 Investigators for Boeing, which manufactured the thrust reversers, were
 allowed access to the crash sight for the first time on Friday. Herr 
 Lauda said the flight data recorder was damaged and could not be used
 to analyze the crash. He said the cockpit voice recorder indicated an
 advisory light had come on second before the crash and that a voice was
 heard saying that the light was glowing intermittently. Seconds later,
 First Officer Josef Thurner was heard saying: "It deployed".
 
 Herr Lauda took that to mean the reverse thrust was engaged. The entire
 incident, from the moment of the first warning light until the plane
 broke up, took no more than a minute. Last night a spokesman for the
 Civil Avaiation Authority said that no checks were to be ordered 
 immediately on 767s owned by British airlines.
 

 
 ANOTHER HACKER SNARED BY FEDS
 Government May Be Gearing Up For Another Round Of Investigations
 
 Ed. Note: Due to the sensitive nature of this subject, the names of
 the sources will be withheld. This is to protect the innocent parties
 who gave us this information from repercussions by certain government
 agencies and law enforcement officials.
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 Another hacker has been caught by federal agents, and in a statement
 left by him, it's feared that a new round of investigations may be
 in the works.
 
 Damaged Sectorz was brought in on charges of hacking a government computer,
 635, 433, and 426 systems, fraudulent use of Tymnet accounts, and possible
 charges of credit card fraud.
 
 In a post that ONE EIGHT TWO has retrieved from an anonymous source,
 Damaged Sectorz indicated that the government is indeed keeping tabs
 on hackers and hacker groups. "I have been questioned.", says Damaged.
 "LoL-Phuck was mentioned, Everlast was mentioned, Touchtone, NPA, 
 Deceptionist, and a lot more people are going down."
 
 It is not known if Damaged Sectorz is out on bail or his own recognisance.
 In the same statement, he advises anyone who wants to find out anything
 more about his arrest and detention to not call. "Anyone with my number,
 please destroy it, for there is a DNR on my line, and they are just waiting
 for you to call." 
 
 Damaged Sectorz has advised all SysOp's who have his account on their
 boards to delete them immediately, and in a move to protect others from
 repercussions of his arrest, he is retiring permanently from the phreak/
 hack scene. "To ease tensions, I will not narc on anyone. No one has done
 it to me, so why should I do it to them?", says Damaged.
 
 

 THE JOKE'S ON YOU -- CREATORS ADMIT UNIX, C IS A HOAX
 Reprinted from The Vogon News Service
 ---------------------------------------------------------
 
 In an announcement that has stunned the computer industry, Ken Thompson,
 Dennis Ritchie and Brian Kernighan admitted that the UNIX operating system
 and C programming language created by them is an elaborate April Fools
 prank kept alive for over twenty years. Speaking at the recent UnixWorld
 Software Development Forum, Thompson revealed the following:
 
 "In 1969, AT&T had just terminated their work with the GE/Honeywell/AT&T
 Multics project, Brian and I had just started working with an early release
 of Pascal from Professor Niklaus Wirth's ETH labs in Switzerland and we
 were impressed with it's elegant simplicity and power. Dennis had just 
 finished reading 'Bored Of The Rings', a hilarious National Lampoon parody
 the great Tolkien 'Lord of The Rings' trilogy. As a lark, we decided to
 do parodies of the Multics environment and Pascal. Dennis and I were 
 responsible for the operating environment. We looked at Multics and 
 designed the new system to be as simple and cryptic as possible to 
 maximize casual users' frustration levels, calling it Unix as a parody of
 Multics, as well as other more risque allusions. Then Dennis and Brian 
 worked on a truly warped version of Pascal, called 'A'. When we found others
 were actually trying to create real programs with A, we quickly added
 additional cryptic features and evolved into B, BCPL and finally C. 
 We stopped when we got a clean compile on the following syntax:
 
 for(;p("\n"),R-P("|"))for(e=C;e-;P("_"+(*u++/8)%2))P("| "+(*u/4)%2);
 
 To think that modern programmers would try to use a language that allowed
 such a statement was beyond our comprehension! We actually thought of 
 selling this to the Soviets to set thier computer science progress back
 20 or more years. Imagine our surprise when AT&T and other US corperations
 actually began trying to use Unix and C! It has taken them them 20 years
 to develop enough expertise to generate even a marginally useful 
 applications using this 1960's technology parody, but were impressed with
 the tenacity (if not common sense) of the general Unix and C programmer. 
 In any event, Brian, Dennis and I have been working exclusively in Pascal
 on the Apple Macintosh for the past few years and feel really guilty about
 the chaos, confusion and truly bad programming that have resulted from our
 silly prank so long ago."
 
 Major UNIX and C vendors and customers, including AT&T, Microsoft, 
 Hewlett-Packard, GTE, NCR, and DEC have refused comment at this time.
 Borland International, a leading vendor of Pascal and C tools, including
 the popular Turbo Pascal, Turbo C, and Turbo C++, stated that they had
 suspected this for a number of years adn would continue to enhance their
 Pascal products and halt further efforts to develop C. An IBM spokesman
 broke out into uncontrolled laughter and had to postpone a hastily 
 convened news conference concerning the fate of the RS-6000, merely stating
 that 'VM will be available Real Soon Now'. In a cryptic statement, 
 Professor Wirth of the ETH Insititute and father of the Pascal, Modula 2,
 and Oberon structured languages, merely stated that P.T. Barnum was 
 correct.
 
 In a related late-breaking story, usually realiable sources are stating
 that a similar confession may be forthcoming from Will Gates concerning
 the MS-DOS and Windows operating environments. And IBM spokesmen have
 begun denying that the VM product is an internal prank gone awry.
______________________________________________________________________________
 
 
 
 THE STATE OF THE HACK(AND MOSTLY PHREAK) - EUROPEAN STYLE
 A Holland phreaker speaks about novices, the Bundespost, and cutting
 edge technology in Europe.
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 The hack/phreak scene, for the most part, is a dying institution in 
 the United States. Repressive, ignorant government law enforcement
 agencies make life difficult, if not hell, for the hacker at large.
 But what about other parts of the world? How about Europe?
 
 182 recently spoke to Billsf, an American ex-patriate who moved to 
 Holland last year, after a long probhation stemming from his arrest
 in December of 1987 in a counterfeiting BART card scam. His arrest
 also involved John Draper (a.k.a. Cap'n Crunch, the now legendary 
 phone phreaker whose blue box technology made the likes of Wozniak
 and Jobs famous) and Perry Forcier (whose bragging about the operation
 was leaked by him to BART police by telling them that Cap'n Crunch was
 the mastermind behind the operation). 
 
 On January 6, 1990, when Billsf's probhation officer informed him that
 he was going to jail on a technical violation, he promptly hopped on the
 next flight out of America, ending up in Holland, where he continues to
 utilize the blue box technology that has long since become outdated by
 American phreaker standards.
 
 
 182: Where did you live before you moved to Holland?
 
 Billsf: San Francisco. Sunset district, out by..a couple of blocks away
	 from the ocean.
 
 182: Could you tell me why you renounced your U.S. citezenship?
 
 Billsf: Okay. One thing I want to make perfectly clear at this point is
	 that I haven't renounced my citizenship [in the US], contrary
	 to what people think. I have not done anything official at that
	 point. I have made, threatened, many times that should US law
	 apply to me when I was outside the country, then and only then
	 would I renounce my citizenship. That advice has been checked out
	 with my brother who is a lawyer, and he feels, as a lawyer, that
	 would be the only reasonable reason to do it.
 
 182: So you're leaving the option of renouncing your citizenship open
      should they decide to try you outside the US?
 
 Billsf: Yes, I don't think the United States is that bad of a place, but
	 it could get a lot better. It's been declining for the last 10
	 to 20 years and I don't think it's hopeless, I just feel that the
	 political climate at this time is too repressive. War on Drugs,
	 War on Hackers, all that related. Making crimes out of something
	 that isn't a crime. You name it.
 
 182: What did you expect from a country that mentions rockets and bombs
      right in the national anthem?
 
 Billsf: Hehehe...That's a very good point. A lot of people I know in the
	 States are very much for changing "The Star Spangled Banner", which
	 glorifies war, to "America The Beautiful", which glorifies the
	 natural beauty in America, which is unmistakebly very true. It is
	 a very beautiful piece of land.
 
 182: Could you tell us the details of your leaving America for Holland?
 
 Billsf: Actually, I'm here because I want to be here. I came out here about
         a year ago, and I was told by my probhation officer that I should 
	 call and let her know where I was, who I was staying with, and how
	 I could be reached. I got on the phone, I talked to this person 
	 (Rop here witnessed it) [Ed note: Rop is a personal friend of Billsf,
	 and is the editor of Hack-Tic magazine, a publication about hackers
	 written exclusively in Dutch.] and I was never asked for the 
	 information [where I was]. So, when I came back, I got it for a
	 technical violation [for leaving California] because I didn't
	 tell her the information she asked me to tell her, and all she
	 had to do was ask for the information while I was on the phone.
 
 182: When did this take place? 
 
 Billsf: The date was January 6, 1990. I'm pretty sure it was the date in
	 the court reports and all, and it did say in the reports that I
	 did call, which was amazing, being a technical violation and all.
	 Usually, a probhation officer is supposed to help you not get into
	 that type of trouble, I don't she was doing her job by simply not
	 asking me for the information she wanted and then calling it a
	 technical violation. And she thought it was very funny that I
	 was going to Santa Rita, and I told her at that point I'm not
	 going to Santa Rita, that I'm getting on a plane and that there
	 was nothing she could legally do about it.
 
 182: What exactly was the charge levelled against you that got you on
      probhation in the first place?
 
 Billsf: In December of 87, I got busted for making counterfeit BART tickets.
 
 
 182: Oh yeah, Draper told me about that.
 
 Billsf: Yeah, he got busted, too, because he was assumed to be the ring-
         leader. So it was very obvious to everybody that we were set up.
	 We just did it for the hack of it, and what I mean by that is that
	 is it was a totally interesting to do intellectual activity. The
	 only complication that came up is that the BART police saw that
	 we were able to do it, so they set us up with the crime.
 
 182: Draper told me that Perry Forcier was responsible for you and he being
      arrested. Do you have any ill feelings towards Perry?
 
 Billsf: We all still talk to each other. I still talk to both of them,
         but Draper doesn't talk to Perry much. He [Forcier] talked
         too much.
 
 182: Draper sounded pretty bitter.
 
 Billsf: I could imagine. They took all his equipment away because of it.
 
 182: Let's go on to phreaking, shall we?
 
 Billsf: Okay.
 
 182: There have been a lot of bad vibes about the blue box here in the
      States. How would you describe being not only the only phreaker
      in Holland, but the only phreaker who can route calls at a whim
      with a blue box?
 
 Billsf: How do I feel able to slave the phone like that?
 
 182: Yes.
 
 Billsf: Oh, it's a kick...hehehe..Uh, it's interesting to find new ways
	 to play with the network. It's just out there to be played with.
 
 182: So you have virtual control over Holland's phone lines?
 
 Billsf: No, I don't have control of Holland's phone lines. That was only
	 a brief 16-18 hour period a couple of months ago, and since then
	 the phone company here has taken care of that.
 
 182: So how do you get around now?
 
 Billsf: In this case, I called to Brazil and in Brazil I told them to do
	 a transit call to you.
 
 182: When we first spoke, you demonstrated to me the different trunks
      you were able to call through. How was this accomplished?
 
 Billsf: Like, for this, all I have to do is get access to the trunk by
	 doing a "clear forward" signal, which is 2400 and 2600 hz. After
	 you do that, you hit 2400 which siezes it, which actually gets 
	 the line ready to take numbers. Clear forward only erases what
	 was last there.
 
 182: Europe's phone network, so I've been told, is a series of redundancies
      that forces the user to go either by satellite or cable, depending
      on the traffic of the lines, leaving them with no choice. How do you
      get around these redundancies?
 
 Billsf: Certain countries have what they call "discriminating" digits,
	 which comes after the country code. And with that digit, you
         can either specify whether or not you can take what they give
	 you, or you can specify a cable connection that is suitable for
         data traffic. With other systems, there are a lot of other
   	 options available, like lack of echo supressor and situations
	 like that. You really don't want echo supressor, which makes
	 the call one way, when you're transmitting from the modem.
 
 182: Apart from the blue box, which by American phreak standards is 
      outdated and worthless as an effective phreaking tool, what other
      forms of technology are out there to gain control of the lines?
 
 Billsf: That is the only thing that works here, for that matter anywhere
	 else in the world. As far as payphones go, they work on metering
	 pulses, and metering pulses are 25 cents, and 20 cents for each
	 additional minutes. So what happens is you put in two quarters,
	 the meter registers 50 cents. The central office then sends out
	 a metering pulse which then the meter deducts 20 cents, and
	 then the meter shows 25 cents. If it's a local call, several 
	 minutes later the central office will send out another metering
	 pulse, and then it will register as not having enough money to
	 cover the call and a beep tone will sound in the handset, which
	 warns you to put in more money.
 
 182: So every time you feed the phone, a tone is sounded at the phone
      company?
 
 Billsf: No, it just tells the payphone. All the accounting is handled
         at the payphone.
 
 182: There's no outside influence on the payphone?
 
 Billsf: No, no. Strictly within the phone.
 
 182: How would one go about faking out the payphone?
 
 Billsf: Oh, there have been several tricks here and there. One of them
         is to unscrew the mouthpiece and a clip a wire from one of the
	 mouthpiece leads to ground, which will cause a mute in the
 	 metering pulses, causing a buzz in the phone.
 
0 182: I'm familiar with that. It was demonstrated in the oh-so-technically
       acurate movie "War Games"...hehehehe.
 
 Billsf: Yes, which is one of the most regretable things that they did, 
         because a lot of people didn't know that trick before. But what
	 you're doing in the States is allowing the phone to dial by
	 grounding it, taking care of it at the C.O. Here it's taken care
	 of at the phone, so the trick is preventing the phone from getting
	 metering pulses. Another way of doing that is lifting the ground.
	 The pulses are latteral: 50 volts is put on the phone line 
	 simultaneously. 50 volts and 50 hz for a few 100 ms or so is
	 a pulse.
 
 182: Before the interview, you said you had the means to copy BART tickets,
      which is why you're in Holland today. Could you explain that 
      technology?
 
 Billsf: It was just a simple homemade device that had two full track
	 card reader heads that were slanted seven and a half degrees,
	 because that's what it was on the tickets. It was kind of like
	 a tape dubbing situation. I put a real ticket on one side and
	 a blank ticket on the other and moved the tickets by hand across
	 the heads and it would read it directly on one side and write it
	 directly on the other.
 
 182: How long were you doing this?
 
 Billsf: Oh, a couple of weeks or so.
 
 182: So, if Forcier hadn't said anything, how long do you think you could
      have gotten away with it?
 
 Billsf: I would have never been caught.
 
 182: And BART would have been none the wiser?
 
 Billsf: No, because what we do is take $7.95 tickets and take the copied
         $7.95 and add 5 cents to make it $8.00, which was the maximum 
         that you could have on your fare, and push the "Issue New Ticket"
         button that would have given you a $8.00 ticket that only cost
         you 5 cents to make.
 
 182: Hehehe. It seems like everyone was roommates with Draper. How did you
      get hooked up with him?
 
 Billsf: Hehehe...I don't know about that. I met up with him when I was 16,
         which would be about 1973. And then I later met up with him when
	 I was 18, which was 75 to 76.
 
 182: Did he teach you anything?
 
 Billsf: No, I was never associated with him when he was active with the
         phones.
 
 182: So, where did you learn?
 
 Billsf: I knew it was possible, with the tones and all, but I got the
         frequencies from Djinni(sp?) was his name. He wrote the frequencies
         for it. He was believed to be the one who got Draper into it.
 
 182: My next question concerns Wozniak, Jobs, and Gates. How well did you
      know them?
 
 Billsf: Just acquaintences. I met them in various places.
 
 182: So you're not really friends with them?

 Billsf: Not really. Just casual acquaintences. I never really did anything
         with them.
 
 182: Did you help Wozniak and Jobs with blue box technology at all? Who
      was responsible for that?
 
 Billsf: Ah, probably John. I remember one time I stayed up with Wozniak
         all night and helped him put together a blue box. Very possibly
	 I was the one behind that first blue box. We built the device
	 out of seven twin T oscillators, 2600 plus 700,900,1100 up to
	 1700. We did a very simple dial matrix for the keyboard. They
         were just single contact keys. Then we tuned the thing up with
	 a frequency counter and it worked. Back then, all you had to do
	 was hit 2600 then let up on it. It would confirm that it got
         it. When the 2700 was on, it would act as a clear forward, and
	 then when the 2600 was off it would recieve and go "pleek" back
	 to you, and then you just dialed your number manually.
 
 182: For my readers who don't anything about it, how exactly did the
      2600 fake out the phone company?
 
 Billsf: It would think that when you sent 2600 up the line, you ended your
         call. When the 2600 was stopped, it would think that someone else
         siezed the line, which you were still there but it would think 
         someone else came by and wanted to make a call off the other end,
	 which of course would wait for the number and wait for the 
         connection.
 
 182: So if I called a local number and played the magic frequency through
      it, the billing office would think that I was only calling that number?
 
 Billsf: Yeah, the billing equipment would still think you're calling that
         local number, but you would have cleared the line and on that
         local number, you could make your call. Once you fool your local
         CO, the concept of billing doesn't really exist on the long distance
         network. It does now, in the US, because they expect to recieve
         billing information on long distance calls. 
 
  182: I'd like to shift attention now to the state of hacking in Europe.
       Holland and Europe, mostly. How does it differ from the US. Is it
       just as repressive?
 
 Billsf: In no way, shape or form. There are a few countries here: Germany,
	 England, and France that have laws placed against it. Otherwise,
	 it's a more open activity.
 
  182: So hackers are pretty much free to pursue their exploring?
 
 Billsf: Yeah, but you have to be really careful, as in Germany, because
         you're right on the edge of legality.
 
  182: Is the Bundespost different from the Holland phone company, and if
       so, how? How are they the same in some respects?
 
 Billsf: It's similar, but the Bundespost...well, perhaps if I put Rop on,
         he can explain to you the differences much better.
 
  182: Sure, put him on.

 [Ed. note: At this point, Rop from Hack-Tic took the line to talk to me
  about the Bundespost and the Holland phone company.]
 
  Rop: Ah, hello there!

  182: Hello.
 
  Rop: You're into a publication very much like Phrack, I hear.
 
  182: Yes.[Ed. note: Well, hot damn! Our first issue and already we're
       being comapred to Phrack. Not that we could do any better, but we
       don't think we could do worse. :-)]

  Rop: It's a disk based news letter?

  182: Yes, it is.

  Rop: What's it called?

  182: One eight two.

  Rop: 182. You have floppy archives or anything?
 
  182: Actually, this is the first issue.
 
  Rop: It's the first issue? I see..

  182: Yes, you guys are in the first issue.
 
  Rop: Be sure to send it by.

  182: Oh, most definately you'll get a copy.

  Rop: Okay. Um...I was thinking about the German situation. It's tricky
       there, because the German state is..is..well, let me put it this
       way: if the German police doesn't understand something, they'll 
       bust you first and ask questions later.

  182: Much like the FBI and Secret Service here... 
 
  Rop: Much like the FBI and the Secret Service, that's true. And the
       Dutch police would make a good attempt to understand it first,
       then bust you, probably.

  182: That's good! I would hope, someday, that our law enforcement agencies
       would try to understand technology and hacking, or at least make a
       righteous effort to. If they come to understanding what it's really
       all about, there wouldn't be so many people getting arrested, nor
       would it be such repressive tirade against hackers, per se.

  Rop: It's basically the same thing it was in the 60's, only now it's more
       with high technology. It's a movement that basically consists of 
       pranksters, and a government that consists of people that do not
       understand pranks.

  182: Which comes down to plain ignorance. So, would you say that the
       Bundespost is a lot different from the Holland phone company?

  Rop: In Europe, there's a lot of big differences. France is completely
       different from that, too. In Germany, not only the Bundespost, but
       the entire government structure is very strict.

  182: Yes, I was I told that you can't get an answering machine without
       approval from the Bundespost because the government is so centralized.

  Rop: Well, you can't, officially, I don't think you can get a light bulb
       without approval from the Bundespost. In a way, it's not a very good
       situation. It's politically very strange situation. There's a lot
       of misunderstanding between different groups in society. Politically,
       it's not a very healthy situation.

  182: Okay, well, thank you.

  [ At this point, Rop turned the phone back over to Billsf.]

  Billsf: I hope that was helpful.

  182: Oh, yes, thank you. It was. My next question: my sources tell me that
       hacking in England is a very serious offence. Could you expound on 
       this?

  Billsf: I wouldn't say that, but what Rop said was very true. The cops
          in England don't understand, so they'll bust you first and ask
          questions later.

  182: Like the States, they're just as ignorant.

  Billsf: Yeah, the authorities don't know too much about it. 

  182: Europe is going to become an open border continent with the coming
       of EC 92. How do you think this will have an impact on hacking laws?

  Billsf: Uh, what that's likely to do, and it's negative, is that it's
          likely to bring about a uniform hacking law which will, in 
          effect, make hacking illegal here, too. But the places that are
          really strict, like England and Germany, might have to back down
          on the punishment aspects.

  182: So it will be a win/lose situation?

  Billsf: There will be a lot of in-fighting that will have to come down.
          Holland doesn't like guns, but a lot of other countries allow 
          them. A lot of other countries don't like hash, but Holland 
          allows it. Like Germany, it's quite illegal. There has to be
          some degree of compromise.

  182: Have there been any laws to make hacking a crime in Holland, and 
       has there been any resistance from any groups to allow such laws
       to be passed?

  Billsf: There has been quite bitter resistance. Parliment is moving very
          slow on this. We expected it to be unlawful by the beginning of
          this year, but it hasn't happened as of yet.

  182: Are there any orginized pro-hacker groups, such as our Electronic
       Frontier Foundation?

  Billsf: There's no group like that yet, but it's very likely something
          like that may come up should there be laws against it. But, it's
          all very loosely associated here, there's no real orginized group
          of hackers.
 
  182: Everyone is out for themselves?

  Billsf: Pretty much. At this time, there isn't really any in-fighting
          between hackers. The only time that ever happens is against
          lamers, "Amiga kids" who just mainly copy games and occasionaly
          pirate software for phreaking.

  182: I have yet to find one "Elite" board that righteously held forums
       on hacking and phreaking, and didn't traffic in warez. The one's who
       just hoard warez are all over the place. Is it like that in Holland?

  Billsf: Yes, it is, and warez boards, per se among the reasonable people,
          are frowned upon, and we don't want people who just want useless
          warez, like games. We don't want these people confused with real
          hackers. Hackers do not go out of their way to do illegal things.
 
  182: There's no software piracy among hackers?

  Billsf: No, but there is a lot of software that is shared that is written
          by hackers.

  182: So, any and all software that is shared was written by someone else
       and not copyrighted?

  Billsf: Oh, there's a lot of that here, too, but with few exceptions. No
          one would think twice about pirating something from Microsoft.

  182: While on the subject of "requisitioned" things, you told me before
       the interview that you knew the real story behind the theft of
       Apple's ROM code by the Nu Promethius League. Care to share that one?

  Billsf: What was allegedly stolen was a part of the source listing for the
          original Macintosh.

  182: So, it wasn't the whole system?

  Billsf: As far as I know, it wasn't the complete system, but it was enough
          that would allow part of the Macintosh stuff to be ported to 
          another machine.

  182: Any hacker worth his trade could figure out enough of it to make
       a viable clone, if such a project were thought to be enough to
       go through all the trouble of pursuing?

  Billsf: Yeah, if you knew how to program. It's my understanding that some
          kids got into a dumpster behind Apple computer, just looking for
          interesting stuff. I used to do it when I was younger.

  182: Oh yes, "dumpster diving"...a time honored tradition. Glad to see
       it's still alive.

  Billsf: Yeah, "trashing". And this leech of this code was nothing more
          than a virtual lack of security, and someone just tossed it out.
          However, Apple got the FBI involved on this because they just
          wanted them to listen, and as far as I know, it totally backfired.

  182: So, Bill, do you consider yourself a hacker?
 
  Billsf: I would say so. I don't really try breaking into computers because
          I don't really see that much to be gained. But, I'm intrigued by
          it. I do more things with hardware.

  182: So, you're a phone hacker.
 
  Billsf: Pretty much, although when ISDN comes in there will be more
          hacking with the computer.

  182: Speaking of which, what do you expect things to be like with ISDN
       technology, and could you explain what it is to our readers?

  Billsf: In a nutshell, there are two forms of ISDN: primary rate interface,
          which allows 24 talk channels, 2 way channels at 64 kilobits and
	  2 "d" channels, which is 16 kilohertz channels used for signaling.
          The basic rate interface, which will be a consumer line, will allow
          one or two 64 kilobit lines for regular phone and one 64 kilobit
          line for signaling. The whole system runs at 196 bits per second,
          and therefore the remaining segements that are not used are used
          to seperate the talk channel from the "d" channel.

  182: How will this affect telecommunications within the next ten years?

  Billsf: It will allow direct connection to the phone network to send 
          digital data, and you'll have to use modems that are digital sends.
  
  182: Would you consider this technology superior to what we have now?

  Billsf: I would say for data it's quite superior, where for normal voice
          communication it's no improvement over the current POTS. It will
          just cost you twice as much.

  182: Last question. What do you have to say to the beginners who are 
       curious about phreaking?

  Billsf: Basically, I think you should understand it before you dive into
          it.  You should educate yourself as to why things work the way 
          they do. Be as educated as possible before you get on, and
          a certain ammount of experimentation is in order once you have
          educated yourself to help you better understand it.

  182: And your parting words to the "lamers?"
 
  Billsf: As far as I'm concerned, the best way to send programs is the
          post office. It's the most efficient and cheap way to do it.
          The big boys do it, so can the little babes.
 
  182: In other words, they should stay the hell off the line?

  Billsf: They shouldn't tie up the phone lines for getting the software
          out.

 _____________________________________________________________________________

  
 FIGHTING THE CODE ABUSERS
 Little phone company on the hacker attack.
 
 Reprinted from RISKS Digest 
 Letter printed and edited by Mark Secoff <marks@capnet.latimes.com>
 Taken from Los Angeles Times, May 17, 1991: page E1

 In the last seven months, Thrifty Tel's security chief has put seven
 hackers in jail. And she has made 48 others atone for their sins with
 hard cash and hardware. The case that Security Chief Bigley calls her
 biggets coup -- involving a 16 year old Buena Park boy whose alleged
 theft of computer data cost Thrifty Tel millions of dollars -- is 
 pending in Orange County Superior Court.
 
 Thrifty Tel has become one of the most agressive hacker fighters in
 California, according to Jim Smith, president of the California 
 Association of Telephone Cos.(Caltel). "Bigley is tough", he says.
 "I would not want to be a hacker on her network." So far, the company
 has collected more that $200,000 dollars in penalties and reimbursements
 from hackers.
 
 "We do not have a hacking problem anymore because we have stood up and
 punched them in the face", Bigley proclaims. "These kids think that
 what they're doing is no big deal -- they're not murdering anyone",
 Bigley says. "They think we're terrible for calling them on it. Their
 attitude is extremely arrogant. But these are not just kids having some
 fun. The are using their intellect to devise ways to steal. And these
 are not kids who need to stal. They come from white-collar families."
 
 For Thrifty-Tel Inc., the battle of wits started a year ago. "The first
 quarter of 1990 we came in with half a million dollars net profit, and
 everything was going great." Bigley says. "Then the next quarter, all
 of a sudden we were lopsided. We were getting bigger bills from our
 carriers than we were billing out to our customers." With a little
 investigation, the company pinpointed the culprits: hackers who were
 eating up as much as ten hours a "conversation". Because hackers
 exchange information and solve secret codes via long distance modem
 connections, circumventing expensive telephone charges has become
 their mainstay. "It was so frustrating to sit here and watch these
 hackers burn through our lines" says Bigley, a 33 year old San
 Fernando valley resident. She has been vice president of operations
 at Thrifty Tel for four years. "I had technicians out changing customers'
 codes that they'd just changed a few weeks before."
 
 But Bigley is not the sort to throw in the towel. First, she devoted
 a couple of months educating herself about hacking. She monitored Thrifty
 Tel's computers for unusual activity -- telephone calls coming into the
 switching facility from non-customers. "They believe that because they're
 sitting in a room with a computer they're safe", Bigley says. "The problem
 is, they're using their telephone, we can watch them in the act. It's a
 lot easier to catch a hacker than a bank robber. Bigley started making
 a few calls of her own. If the infiltrator seemed major-league, like
 the Buena Park boy, she contacted the Garden Grove Police Department,
 whose fraud investigators went into homes with search warrants. If the
 hacker seemes relatively small, however, Bigley took matters into her
 own hands, telephoned the suspect and presented an ultimatum: either 
 pay up or face criminal charges.
 
 A non-negotiable condition of Bigley's out-of-court settlement provided
 that the guilty party relinquish his (or infrequently, her) computer
 and modem. Thrifty Tel donates the confiscated weapons(?) to law 
 enforcement agencies.
 
 Teen-age hackers tend to be "very intelligent and somewhat introverted",
 says Garden Grove Police Detective Richard Harrison, a fraud investigator
 who has arrested many of Thrifty Tel's suspects. Most of the parents he
 has dealt with were oblivious to their children's secret lives. He suggests
 that parents educate themselves about their children's computers. "If
 a kid is spending a lot of time on his computer and it's hooked up to a
 modem, he's not just running his software. What is he doing on that
 computer? Does he really need a modem?"
 
 Not all hackers are young computer fanatics testing their limits. "The
 hacking problem is two-fold, says Caltel president Smith, also 
 president of the Sacrament-based company Execuline. "First, we have
 Information Age fraud, which is an outgrowth of the proliferation of
 computers in households. We have all these kids who want to talk to
 each other on BBS's, and if mom and dad had to pay for all those
 phone calls, the cost would be prohibitive. Then we have professional
 fraud -- adults as well as kids who attempt to gain access to our codes
 for the purpose of selling th codes. They have made a big business out
 of hacking." Smith's company has waged a more low-key defense against 
 hackers than Thrifty-Tel. "I wish I had the time to devote to hacker 
 fraud that she [Bigley] has been able to devote," he says.
 
 Therein lies the reason that many telephone companies decline to file
 charges against hackers, says Roy Costello, a fraud investigator for
 GTE. "Smaller carriers don't have the time to allow their people to do
 the investigations and carry it through the court system", he says.
 
 _____________________________________________________________________________
 
 Rebuttal from the Editor:
 
 While I applaud Chief Bigley for her concerted efforts in trying to
 save her company from virtual theft, I cringe at her policy of her
 non-negotiable, wholesale seizure of computer technology from these
 so-called "hackers".
 
 Granted, I don't condone in any way, shape, or form code abuse or
 telephone fraud. People who engage in this kind of activity are
 not hackers at all, they're no better than the average hoodlum who
 would roll you in an alley for your wallet. Hackers, *real* hackers,
 aren't interested in devising ways to rip you off.
 
 Imagine for a moment that you lifted an apple from the neighborhood
 grocery store, and were caught doing it. Naturally, you would have
 to either a) put it back, or b) if you already ate it, you would
 have to reemburse the store owner. This is a fair policy which no one
 would really have a good argument against. If your personal property
 was taken from you, you would either want it all back or total
 reparations for the items you lost.
 
 Now, let's run back to the store scene again. You've lifted the apple,
 you've eaten it, and now you're sitting in front of the store owner
 who wants his apple back. Well, you can't very well regurgitate it on
 him, now can you? You'll have to pay for it.
 
 So you hand him the money. Now, if this store owner had Chief Bigley's
 attitude on theft, the exchange would go something like this: "Alright,
 you've paid me for it. Now I'll take your watch and that nice leather
 jacket you're wearing, too." 
 
 Chief Bigley deserves support, sure. She has to contend with a multi
 million dollar company and has to somehow keep it afloat, but adding
 insult to injury isn't the best way to handle it. Making someone pay
 a substantial fine for theft of services, especially the services
 of Thrifty Tel which add up in the tens of thousands of dollars, but
 taking the personal effects of the perpetrator as well doesn't fit my
 description, or definition, of reimbursement. It goes without saying
 that the eye for an eye policy only satisfies a motive of revenge.
 
 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
 
 About ONE-EIGHT-TWO
 
 ONE EIGHT TWO is a one man operation. Yup, I editted and concieved this
 whole project from the very start. I'd like to thank the Risks Digest
 and all the gang on the Internet for supplying me with all my stories,
 and the people I've talked to (and will talk to) for granting me interviews
 with them.
 
 This magazine is dedicated to all those hackers out there who got caught
 up in the sweep of Operation Sun Devil, and from the looks of things, to
 the hackers that will get caught up in the sweep when the next round
 of investigations begin, which will be Real Soon Now.
 
 ONE EIGHT TWO is for the dissemination of informative articles and educating
 the public at large about what hacking is really all about. For some time,
 the public has felt that hackers are a threat to society, that they're out
 to destroy data, sink credit ratings, plunder millions from the S&L's of
 America (hey, they don't need us for that...), and start a nuclear war. 
 
 Oh yes, giggle if you must. Sure, the public has some far fetched ideas
 about hackers, but you have to understand that the public is being spoon
 fed this information from our government, a majority of people who not
 only don't understand computing, but have the power to institute policies
 to justify their ignorance.
 
 I got tired of the ignorance. We're supposed to be living in the Information
 Age. This is an age that, thanks to the progress of generations before 
 them, have almost wiped out illiteracy, cured diseases that would have
 otherwise killed us surely, improved the quality of life for almost everyone,
 and made great strides in technological advances. If everyone is so 
 smart and "better informed", why is it that they don't know jack shit
 about hackers?
 
 The answer isn't so easy, but there must be something done about it, and
 soon. If we don't start informing people of what hacking, and hackers,
 are really all about, the people who are ignorant of us will do their
 damndest to stamp us out. They did in Salem, when anything less than
 what they felt to be "pure" thought and deed got you burned at the
 stake. They did when Hitler was in power, where six million Jews went
 to their deaths in the concentration camps. They did when McCarthy 
 set up his Commitee on Anti-American Affairs, where people who didn't
 live up to a set of "standards" were dragged in front a comittee and
 asked if they were communists. If you said yes, you were screwed, and
 if you said no, you were screwed.
 
 The time has come to decide whether or not you want to be free. The
 time has come to decide whether or not you want to put an end to a
 repressive society. Everyday, our basic freedoms and civil liberties
 are being stripped. Instead of being innocent until proven guilty,
 we're now guilty until we can prove our innocence, and even then
 they have rules around that. 
 
 Instead of being garunteed by the Fourth Amendment that we will not
 be unreasonably searched and seized, our homes are being raided and
 our property is being taken in the name of "justice".
 
 When they speak of justice, they mean "just us".
 
 
 Sincerely,
 
 Doktor Avalanche
 wil@fiver.UUCP

Smeared Across the Universe by:

        ___________________________________________________________       ||                Junk Culture Hallucination                 ||
        ||                  ensun ration                       ||
        ||Junk Culture|!|415-930-6786|!|300-2400|!|24rsPe Mdngh||
        ||                                                           ||
        ||               {-} Creators {-}                      ||
        ||                   Bog: Knaveof Tnmen                ||
        ||           Remote Bog: Carcinogenic 'Nam Curse            ||
       |                  {-} Welldoers {-}                     ||
        ||          Miniser of echnolgy: Th Livin Ego          ||
        ||          Minister of P/H/CU:  The Black Aveger          |
       ||                     {-} Staff {-}                       ||
        ||     Godlss Swine Nuker, otat of he Heliocrotums     ||
        ||            Howitzer ExplosionGuy, Willam Tell          |
        |                                                          |
        |   |!| Oficial Dropite of -ON EIGHT TWO Magazine |!|   ||
        ||             |!|Editor: Dokor Avalanch |!|             ||
       ||                                                        ||
        |              "I can't eplain myself I'm                ||
        ||               fraid, sir, bcause I'm not             ||
        ||               myself, you see"                         ||        ||                                Lewis Carroll           |
        ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
   

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 Another file downloaded from:                                NIRVANAnet(tm)

 &TOTSE                510/935-5845   Walnut Creek, CA         Taipan Enigma
 Burn This Flag        408/363-9766       San Jose, CA                Zardoz
 realitycheck          415/666-0339  San Francisco, CA    Poindexter Fortran
 Governed Anarchy      510/226-6656        Fremont, CA             Eightball
 New Dork Sublime      805/823-1346      Tehachapi, CA               Biffnix
 Lies Unlimited        801/278-2699 Salt Lake City, UT            Mick Freen
 Atomic Books          410/669-4179      Baltimore, MD               Baywolf
 Sea of Noise          203/886-1441        Norwich, CT             Mr. Noise
 The Dojo              713/997-6351       Pearland, TX               Yojimbo
 Frayed Ends of Sanity 503/965-6747     Cloverdale, OR              Flatline
 The Ether Room        510/228-1146       Martinez, CA Tiny Little Super Guy
 Hacker Heaven         860/456-9266        Lebanon, CT         The Visionary
 The Shaven Yak        510/672-6570        Clayton, CA             Magic Man
 El Observador         408/372-9054        Salinas, CA         El Observador
 Cool Beans!           415/648-7865  San Francisco, CA        G.A. Ellsworth
 DUSK Til Dawn         604/746-5383   Cowichan Bay, BC         Cyber Trollis
 The Great Abyss       510/482-5813        Oakland, CA             Keymaster

                          "Raw Data for Raw Nerves"
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