ÕÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ͸ ³ ³ ³ ------Antivirals------ ³ ³ ³ ³ A. Acyclovir ³ ³ B. Amantadine ³ ³ C. Ribavirin ³ ³ ³ ÔÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ; ACYCLOVIR (ORAL & TOPICAL) BRAND NAMES Zovirax Zovirax Ointment BASIC INFORMATION Habit forming? No Prescription needed? Yes Available as generic? No Drug class: Antiviral USES Treatment of severe herpes infecitons of genitals occurring for first time in special cases. Treatment of severe herpes infections on mucous membrane of mouth and lips in special cases. Used (although not yet approved by FDA) for shingles (herpes zoster) and chicken pos (varicella) in special cases. DOSAGE AND USAGE INFORMATION How to take: Tablet or capsule--Swallow with liquid. Ointment--Apply to skin and mucous membranes every 3 hours (6 times a day) for 7 days. Use rubber gloves when applying. Apply 1/2 inch strip to each sore or blister. Wash before using. When to use: As directed on label. If you forget a dose: Take as soon as you remember up to 2 hours late. If more than 2 hours, wait for next scheduled dose (don't double this dose). What drug does: Inhibits reproduction of virus in cells without killing normal cells. Does not cure. Herpes may recur. Time lapse before drug works: 2 hours POSSIBLE ADVERSE REACTIONS OR SIDE EFFECTS Symptoms What To Do Life-threatening: None expected. Common: Rash, hives, itch, Continue. Call doctor mild pain, burning or when convenient. stinging of skin, lightheadedness, headache. Infrequent: Confusion, Discontinue. Call doctor hallucinations, right away. trembling. Rare: Abdominal pain, Discontinue. Call doctor decreased appetite, right away. nausea, vomiting, breathing difficulty, blood in urine, decreased urine volume. OVERDOSE Symptoms: Hallucinations, seizures, kidney shutdown. What To Do: Dial 0 (operator) or 911 (emergency) for an ambulance or medical help. Then give first aid immediately. See emergency information. WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS Don't take if: You are allergic to acyclovir. Before you start, consult your doctor: If pregnant or plan pregnancy. If breast-feeding. If you have kidney disease. If you have any nerve disorder. Over age 60: Adverse reactions and side effects may be more frequent and severe than in younger persons. Pregnancy: Risk to unborn child outweighs drug benefits. Don't use. Breast-feeding: Drug passes into milk. Avoid drug or discontinue nursing until you finish medicine. Consult doctor for advice on maintaining milk supply. Infants and children: Use only under special medical supervision by experienced clinician. Prolonged use: Don't use longer than prescribed time. Skin and sunlight: No problems expected. Driving, piloting or hazardous work: No problems expected. Discontinuing: May be unnecessary to finish medicine. Follow doctor's instructions. Others: Women: Get Pap smear every 6 months because those with herpes infections are more likely to develop cancer of cervix. Avoid sexual activity until all blisters or sores heal. Don't get medicine in eyes. Protect from freezing. Check with doctor if no improvement in 1 week. POSSIBLE INTERACTION WITH OTHER DRUGS Generic Name or Drug Class Combined Effect Interferon Neurological abnormalities. Avoid. Methotrexate Neurological abnormalities. Avoid. Other medications that Increase kidney can cause toxic effects toxicity. on kidneys: Amikacin Amphotericin B Capreomycin Colistimethate Colistin Gentamycin Kanamycin Neomycin Netilmicin Polymixin B Probenecid Streptomycin Tobramycin Vancomycin POSSIBLE INTERACTION WITH OTHER SUBSTANCES Interacts With Combined Effect Alcohol Increased chance of brain and nervous system adverse reaction. Avoid. Beverages No problems expected. Cocaine Increased chance of brain and nervous system adverse reaction. Avoid. Food No problems expected Marijuana Increased chance of brain and nervous system adverse reaction. Avoid. Tobacco No problems expected. AMANTADINE BRAND NAMES Symmetrel BASIC INFORMATION Habit forming? No Prescription needed? Yes Available as generic? No Drug class: Antiviral, antiparkinsonism USES Treatment for Type-A flu infections. Relief for symptoms of Parkinson's disease. DOSAGE AND USAGE INFORMATION How to take: Tablet or capsule--Swallow with liquid or food to lessen stomach irritation. Syrup--Dilute dose in beverage before swallowing. When to take: At the same times each day. For Type-A flu it is especially important to take regular doses as prescribed. If you forget a dose: Take as soon as you remember. Wait 4 hours for next dose. Return to schedule. What drug does: Type-A flu--May block penetration of tissue cells by infectious material from virus cells. Parkinson's disease--Improves muscular condition and coordination. Time lapse before drug works: Type-A flu--48 hours. Parkinson's disease--2 days to 2 weeks. Don't take with: Alcohol POSSIBLE ADVERSE REACTIONS OR SIDE EFFECTS Symptoms What To Do Life-threatening: None expected. Common: Hallucinations, Continue. Call doctor confusion, when convenient. lightheadedness. Dizziness, Continue. Tell doctor headache, at next visit. purple blotches, appetite loss, nausea. Dry mouth. No action necessary. Infrequent: Fainting, Discontinue. Call doctor slurred speech. right away. Difficult or Continue. Call doctor painful urination. when convenient. Rare: Rash, uncontrollable Discontinue. Call doctor rolling of eyes, right away. blurred vision, sore throat, fever. Vomiting. Continue. Call doctor when convenient. Constipation. Continue. Tell doctor at next visit. OVERDOSE Symptoms: Heart-rhythm disturbances, blood-pressure drop, convulsions, toxic psychosis. What To Do: Dial 0 (operator) or 911 (emergency) for an ambulance or medical help. Then give first aid immediately. See emergency information. WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS Don't take if: You are allergic to amantadine. Before you start, consult your doctor: If you have had epilepsy or other seizures. If you have had heart disease or heart failure. If you have had liver or kidney disease. If you have had peptic ulcers. If you have had eczema or skin rashes. If you have had emotional or mental disorders or taken drugs for them. Over age 60: Adverse reactions and side effects may be more frequent and severe than in younger persons. Pregnancy: Studies inconclusive on harm to unborn child. Animal studies show fetal abnormalities. Decide with your doctor whether benefits justify risk to unborn child. Breast-feeding: Drug passes into milk. Avoid drug or discontinue nursing until you finish medicine. Consult doctor for advice on maintaining milk supply. Infants and children: Use only under medical supervision. Prolonged use: Skin splotches, feet swelling, rapid weight gain, shortness of breath. Consult doctor. Skin and sunlight: No problems expected. Driving, piloting or hazardous work: Don't drive or pilot aircraft until you learn how medicine affects you. Don't work around dangerous machinery. Don't climb ladders or work in high places. Danger increases if you drink alcohol or take medicine affecting alertness and reflexes. Discontinuing: Parkinson's disease--Don't discontinue without doctor's advice until you complete prescribed dose, even though symptoms diminish or disappear. Type-A flu--Discontinue 48 hours after symptoms disappear. Others: Parkinson's disease--May lose effectiveness in 3 to 6 months. Consult doctor. Amantadine may increase susceptibility to German measles. POSSIBLE INTERACTION WITH OTHER DRUGS Generic Name or Drug Class Combined Effect Amphetamines Increased amantadine effect. Possible excessive stimulation and agitation. Anticholinergics Increased benefit, but excessive anticholinergic dose produces mental confusion, hallucinations, delirium. Appetite Increased amantadine suppressants effect. Possible excessive stimulation and agitation. Levodopa Increased benefit of levodopa. Can cause agitation. Sympathomimetics Increased amantadine effect. Possible excessive stimulation and agitation. POSSIBLE INTERACTION WITH OTHER SUBSTANCES Interacts With Combined Effect Alcohol Increased alcohol effect. Possible fainting. Beverages None expected. Cocaine Dangerous overstimulation. Foods None expected. Marijuana None expected. Tobacco None expected. RIBAVIRIN BRAND NAMES Tribavirin Viramid Vilona Virazole BASIC INFORMATION Habit forming? No Prescription needed? Yes Available as generic? No Drug class: antiviral USES Treats severe viral pneumonia. Treats influenza A and B. It does NOT treat other viruses such as the common cold. DOSAGE AND USAGE INFORMATION How to take: By inhalation of a fine mist through mouth. Requires a special sprayer attached to oxygen mask, face mask for infants or hood. When to take: As ordered by your doctor. If you forget a dose: Use as soon as you remember. What drug does: Kills virus or prevents its growth. Time lapse before drug works: Begins working in 1 hour. May require treatment for 12 to 18 hours per day for 3 to 7 days. POSSIBLE ADVERSE REACTIONS OR SIDE EFFECTS Symptoms What To Do Life-threatening: None expected. Common: None expected. Infrequent: Blurred vision; Discontinue. Call doctor dizziness; fainting; right away. eye irritation; eyes more sensitive to light; red, swollen or itchy eyes. Rare: None expected. OVERDOSE Symptoms: None expected. What to do: Overdose unlikely to threaten life. If person takes much larger amount than prescribed, call doctor, poison-control center or hospital emergency room for instructions. WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS Don't take if: You are allergic to ribavirin. Before you start, consult your doctor: If you are now on low-salt, low-sugar or any special diet. Over age 60: Adverse reactions and side effects may be more frequent and severe than in younger persons. Ask doctor about smaller doses. Pregnancy: Risk to unborn child outweighs drug benefits. Don't use. Breast-feeding: Drug passes into milk. Avoid drug or discontinue nursing until you finish medicine. Consult doctor for advice on maintaining milk supply. Infants and children: Use only under close medical supervision. Prolonged use: No problems expected. Skin and sunlight: No problems expected. Driving, piloting or hazardous work: Don't drive or pilot aircraft until you learn how medicine affects you. Don't work around dangerous machinery. Don't climb ladders or work in high places. Danger increases if you drink alcohol or take medicine affecting alertness and reflexes, such as antihistamines, tranquilizers, sedatives, pain medicine, narcotics and mind-altering drugs. Discontinuing: Don't discontinue without consulting doctor. Dose may require gradual reduction if you have taken drug for a long time. Doses of other drugs may also require adjustment. POSSIBLE INTERACTION WITH OTHER DRUGS Generic Name or Drug Class Combined Effect None expected. POSSIBLE INTERACTION WITH OTHER SUBSTANCES Interacts With Combined Effect Alcohol None expected. Beverages None expected. Cocaine None expected. Foods None expected. Marijuana None expected. Tobacco None expected. Downloaded From P-80 International Information Systems 304-744-2253