ÕÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ͸ ³ ³ ³ ------Anti-infectives------ ³ ³ ³ ³ A. Chloramphenicol ³ ³ B. Erythromycins ³ ³ C. Clindamycin ³ ³ D. Lincomycin ³ ³ E. Trimthroprim ³ ³ ³ ÔÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ; CHLORAMPHENICOL BRAND NAMES Amphicol Mychel Antibiopto Mychel-S Chloromycetin Nova-Phenicol Cloroptic Novochlorocap Econochlor Ophthochlor Fenicol Ophthocort Isopto Fenicol Pentamycetin Minims Sopamycetin BASIC INFORMATION Habit forming? No Prescription needed? Yes Available as generic? Yes Drug class: Antibiotic USES Treatment of infections susceptible to chlorampehnicol. DOSAGE AND USAGE INFORMATION How to take: Tablet or capsule--Swallow with liquid. Eye solution or ointment, ear solution or cream--Follow label instructions. When to take: Tablet or capsule--1 hour before or 2 hours after eating. If you forget a dose: Take as soon as you remember up to 2 hours late. If more than 2 hours, wait for next scheduled dose (don't double this dose). What drug does: Prevents bacteria from growing and reproducing. Will not kill viruses. Time lapse before drug works: 2 to 5 days, depending on type and severity of infection. POSSIBLE ADVERSE REACTIONS OR SIDE EFFECTS Symptoms What To Do Life-threatening: Hives, rash Seek emergency treatment intense itching, immediately. faintness soon after a dose (anaphylaxis). Common: None expected Infrequent: Swollen face or Discontinue. Call doctor extremities; diarrhea; right away. nausea; vomiting; numbness, tingling, burning pain or weakness in hands and feet. Headache, confusion Continue. Call doctor when convenient. Rare: Pain, blurred vision, Discontinue. Call doctor possible vision loss, right away. sore throat, fever, jaundice, anemia. OVERDOSE Symptoms: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea. What to do: Overdose unlikely to threaten life. If person takes much larger amount than prescribed, call doctor, poison-control center or hospital emergency room for instructions. WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS Don't take if: You are allergic to chloramphenicol. It is prescribed for a minor disorder such as flu, cold or mild sore throat. Before you start, consult your doctor: If you have had a blood disorder or bone-marrow disease. If you have had kidney or liver disease. If you have diabetes. Over age 60: Adverse reactions and side effects may be more frequent and severe than in younger persons, particularly skin irritation around rectum. Pregnancy: Risk ot unborn child outweighs drug benefits. Don't use. Breast-feeding: Drug passes into milk. Avoid drug or discontinue nursing until you finish medicine. Consult doctor for advice on maintaining milk supply. Infants and children: Don't give to infants younger than 2. Prolonged use: You may become more susceptible to infections caused by germs not responsive to chloramphenicol. Skin and sunlight: No problems expected. Driving, piloting or hazardous work: Don't drive or pilot aircraft until you learn how medicine affects you. Don't work around dangerous machinery. Don't climb ladders or work in high places. Danger increases if you drink alcohol or take medicine affecting alertness and reflexes. Discontinuing: Don't discontinue without doctor's advice until you complete prescribed dose, even though symptoms diminish or disappear. Others: Chloramphenicol can cause serious anemia. Frequent laboratory blood studies, liver and kidney tests recommended. Second medical opinion recommended before starting. POSSIBLE INTERACTION WITH OTHER DRUGS Generic Name or Drug Class Combined Effect Anticoagulants Increased anticoagulant effect. Antidiabetics (oral) Increased antidiabetic effect. Cyclophosphamide Decreased cyclophosphamide effect. Flecainide Possible decreased blood-cell production in bone marrow. Penicillins Decreased penicillin effect. Phenytoin Increased phenytoin effect. Tocainide Possible decreased blood-cell production in bone marrow. POSSIBLE INTERACTION WITH OTHER SUBSTANCES Interacts With Combined Effect Alcohol Possible liver problems. May cause disulfiram reaction (see Glossary). Beverages None expected. Cocaine No proven problems. Foods None expected. Marijuana None expected. Tobacco None expected. ERYTHROMYCINS BRAND AND GENERIC NAMES (Generic names in capitals) Apo-Erythro-S ERYTHROMYCIN LACTOBIONATE A/T/S ERYTHROMYCIN STEARATE Bristamycin Ethril Downmycin Ilosone E-Biotic Ilosone Estolate E.E.S. Ilotycin E-Mycin Ilotycin Gluceptate E-Mycin E Kesso-mycin Eryc Novorythro Ery-derm Pediazole EryPed Pediamycin Erymax Pendiamycin Erypar Pfizer-E Ery-Tab Robimycin Erythrocin RP-Mycin Erythrocin Ethyl Succinate SK-Erythromycin Erythromid Staticin ERYTHROMYCIN T-Star ERYTHROMYCIN ESTOLATE Wyamycin ERYTHROMYCIN ETHYLSUCCINATE Wyamycin E ERYTHROMYCIN GLUCEPTATE Wyamycin S BASIC INFORMATION Habit forming? No Prscription needed? Yes Available as generic? Yes Drug class: Antibiotic (erythromycin). USES Treatment of infecitons responsive to erythromycin. DOSAGE AND USAGE INFORMATION How to take: Tablet or capsule--Swallow with liquid. Extended-release tablets or capsules--Swallow each dose whole. If you take regular tablets, you may chew or crush them. Liquid, drops, granules, skin ointment, eye ointment, skin solution--Follow prescription label directions. When to take: At the same times each day, 1 hour before or 2 hours after eating. If you forget a dose: If you take 3 or more doses daily--Take as soon as you remember. Return to regular schedule. If you take 2 doses daily--Take as soon as you remember. Wait 5 to 6 hours for next dose. Return to regular schedule. What drug does: Prevents growth and reproduction of susceptible bacteria. Time lapse before drug works: 2 to 5 days. POSSIBLE ADVERSE REACTIONS OR SIDE EFFECTS Symptoms What To Do Life-threatening: None expected. Common: None expected. Infrequent: Diarrhea, nausea, Discontinue. Call doctor stomach cramps, right away. discomfort, vomiting. Skin dryness, Continue. Call doctor irritation, itch, when convenient. stinging with use of skin solution, sore mouth or tongue. Rare: Jaundice in adults. Discontinue. Call doctor right away. Unusual tiredness Continue. Call doctor or weakness. when convenient. OVERDOSE Symptoms: Nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort, diarrhea. What to do: Overdose unlikely to threaten life. If person takes much larger amount than prescribed, call doctor, poison-control center or hospital emergency room for instructions. WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS Don't take if: You are allergic to any erythromycin. You have had liver disease or impaired liver function. Before you start, consult your doctor: If you have taken erythromycin estolate in the past. Over age 60: Adverse reactions and side effects may be more frequent and severe than in younger persons, especially skin reactions around genitals and anus. Pregnancy: No proven harm to unborn child. Avoid if possible. Breast-feeding: Drug passes into milk. Avoid drug or discontinue nursing until you finish medicine. Consult doctor for advice on maintaining milk supply. Infants and children: Use only medical supervision. Prolonged use: You may become more susceptible to infections caused by germs not responsive to erythromycin. Skin and sunlight: No problems expected. Driving, piloting, or hazardous work: No problems expected. Discontinuing: You must take full dose at least 10 consecutive days for streptococcal or staphylococcal infections. Others: No problems expected. POSSIBLE INTERACTION WITH OTHER DRUGS Generic Name or Drug Class Combined Effect Aminophylline Increased effect of aminophylline in blood. Lincomycins Decreased lincomycin effect. Oxtriphylline Increased level of oxtriphylline in blood. Penicillins Decreased penicillin effect. Theophylline Increased level of theophylline in blood. POSSIBLE INTERACTION WITH OTHER SUBSTANCES Interacts With Combined Effect Alcohol Possible liver damage. Beverages None expected. Cocaine None expected. Foods None expected. Marijuana None expected. Tobacco None expected. CLINDAMYCIN BRAND NAMES Cleocin Dalacin C Cleocin-T BASIC INFORMATION Habit forming? No Prescription needed? Yes Available as generic? No Drug class: Antibiotic (lincomycin) USES Treatment of bacterial infections that are susceptible to clindamycin. DOSAGE AND USAGE INFORMATION How to take: Capsule or liquid--Swallow with liquid 1 hour before or 2 hours after eating. When to take: At the same time each day. If you forget a dose: Take as soon as you remember up to 2 hours late. If more than 2 hours, wait for next scheduled dose (don't double this dose). What drug does: Destroys susceptible bacteria. Does not kill viruses. Time lapse before drug works: 3 to 5 days. POSSIBLE ADVERSE REACTIONS OR SIDE EFFECTS Symptoms What to Do Life-threatening: None expected. Common: None expected. Infrequent: Unusual thirst; Discontinue. Call doctor vomiting; stomach right away. cramps; severe and watery diarrhea with blood or mucus; painful, swollen joints; jaundice; fever; tiredness; weakness; weight loss. White patches in Continue. Call doctor mouth; rash, itch when convenient. around groin, rectum or armpits; vaginal discharg, itching. Rare: None expected. OVERDOSE Symptoms: Severe nausea, vomiting, diarrhea. What to do: Overdose unlikely to threaten life. If person takes much larger amount than prescribed, call doctor, poison-control center or hospital emergency room for instructions. WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS Don't take if: You are allergic to lincomycins. You have had ulcerative colitis. Prescribed for infant under 1 month old. Before you start, consult your doctor: If you have had yeast infections of mouth, skin or vagina. If you will have surgery within 2 months, including dental surgery, requiring general or spinal anesthesia. If you have kidney or liver disease. If you have allergies of any kind. Over age 60: Adverse reactions and side effects may be more frequent and severe than in younger persons. Pregnancy: Risk to unborn child outweighs drug benefits. Don't use. Breast-feeding: Drug passes into milk. Avoid drug or discontinue nursing until you finish medicine. Consult doctor for advice on maintaining milk supply. Infants and children: Don't give to infants younger than 1 month. Use for children only under medical supervision. Prolonged use: Severe colitis with diarrhea and bleeding. You may become more susceptible to infections caused by germs not responsive to clindamycin. Skin and sunlight: No problems expected. Driving, piloting or hazardous work: No problems expected. Discontinuing: Don't discontinue without doctor's advice until you complete prescribed dose, even though symptoms diminish or disappear. POSSIBLE INTERACTION WITH OTHER DRUGS Generic Name or Drug Class Combined Effect Antidiarrheal Decreased clindamycin preparations effect. Chloramphenicol Decreased clindamycin effect. Erythromycin Decreased clindamycin effect. POSSIBLE INTERACTION WITH OTHER SUBSTANCES Interacts With Combined Effect Alcohol None expected. Beverages None expected. Cocaine None expected. Foods None expected. Marijuana None expected. Tobacco None expected. LINCOMYCIN BRAND AND GENERIC NAMES (Generic names in capitals) Cleocin Lincocin CLINDAYCIN LINCOMYCIN Dalacin C BASIC INFORMATION Habit forming? No Prescription needed? Yes Available as generic? No Drug class: Antibiotic (lincomycin) USES Treatment of bacterial infections that are susceptible to lincomycin. DOSAGE AND USAGE INFORMATION How to take: Capsule or liquid--Swallow with liquid 2 hour before or 2 hours afte reating. When to take: At the same times each day. If you forget a dose: Take as soon as you remember up to 2 hours late. If more than 2 hours, wait for next scheduled dose (don't double this dose). What drug does: Time lapse before drug works: 3 to 5 days. POSSIBLE ADVERSE REACTIONS OR SIDE EFFECTS Symptoms What To Do Life-threatening: None expected Common: None expected Infrequent: Unusual thirst; Discontinue. Call doctor vomiting; stomach right away. cramps; severe and watery diarrhea with blood or mucus; painful, swollen joints; jaundice; fever; tiredness; weakness; weight loss; rash; itch around groin, rectum or armpits; white patches in mouth; vaginal discharge, itching. Rare: None expected. OVERDOSE Symptoms: Severe nausea, vomiting, diarrhea. What to do: Overdose unlikely to threaten life. If person takes much larger amount than prescribed, call doctor, poison-control center or hospital emergency room for instructions. WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS Don'take if: You are allergic to lincomycins. You have had ulcerative colitis. Prescribed for infant under 1 month old. Before you start, consult your doctor: If you have had yeast infections of mouth, skin or vagina. If you will have surgery within 2 months, including dental surgery, requiring general or spinal anesthesia. If you have kidney or liver disease. If you have allergies of any kind. Over age 60: Adverse reactions and side effects may be more frequent and severe than in younger persons. Pregnancy: Risk to unborn child outweighs drug benefits. Don't use. Breast-feeding: Drug passes into milk. Avoid drug or discontinue nursing until you finish medicine. Consult doctor for advice on maintaining milk supply. Infants and children: Don't give to infants younger than 1 month. Use for children only under medical supervision. Prolonged use: Severe colitis with diarrhea and bleeding. You may become more susceptible to infections caused by germs not responsive to lincomycin. Skin and sunlight: No problems expected. Driving, piloting or hazardous work: No problems expected. Discontinuing: Don't discontinue without doctor's advice until you complete prescribed dose, even though symptoms diminish or disappear. Others: No problems expected. POSSIBLE INTERACTION WITH OTHER DRUGS Generic Name or Drug Class Combined Effect Antidiarrheal Decreased lincomycin preparations effect. Chloramphenicol Decreased lincomycin effect. Erythromycin Decreased lincomycin effect. Loperamide May delay removal of toxins from colon in cases of diarrhea caused by side effects of lincomycin. POSSIBLE INTERACTION WITH OTHER SUBSTANCES Interacts With Combined Effect Alcohol None expected. Beverages None expected. Cocaine None expected: Foods None expected. Marijuana None expected. Tobacco None expected. TRIMETHOPRIM BRAND NAMES Apo-Sulfatrim Rovbac Bactrim Septra Cotrim SMZ-TMP Novotrimel Syraprim Proloprim Trimpex Protrin BASIC INFORMATION Habit forming? No Prescription needed? Yes Available as generic? Yes Drug class: Antimicrobial USES Treatment for urinary-tract infections susceptible to trimethoprim. Helps prevent recurrent urinary-tract infections if taken once a day. DOSAGE AND USAGE INFORMATION How to take: Tablet or capsule--Swallow with liquid or food to lessen stomach irritation. Drops--Dilute dose in beverage before swallowing. When to take: Space doses evenly in 24 hours to keep constant amount in urine. If you forget a dose: Take as soon as possible. Wait 5 to 6 hours before next dose. Then return to regular schedule. What drug does: Stops harmful bacterial germs from multiplying. Will not kill viruses. Time lapse before drug works: 2 to 5 days. POSSIBLE ADVERSE REACTIONS OR SIDE EFFECTS Symptoms What To Do Life-threatening: None expected. Common: Rash, itchy skin. Discontinue. Seek emergency treatment. Infrequent: Diarrhea, nausea, Discontinue. Call doctor vomiting, abdominal right away. pain. Headache. Continue. Call doctor when convenient. Rare: Blue fingernails, Discontinue. Seek emergency lips and skin; treatment. difficult breathing. Sore throat, fever. Discontinue. Call doctor right away. OVERDOSE Symptoms: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea. What to do: Overdose unlikely to threaten life. If person takes much larger amount than prescribed, call doctor, poison-control center or hospital emergency room for instructions. WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS Don't take if: You are allergic to trimethoprim or any sulfa drug. Before you start, consult your doctor: If you have had liver or kidney disease. Over age 60: Reduced liver and kidney function may require reduced dose. More likely to have severe anal and genital itch. Increased susceptibility to anemia. Pregnancy: Studies inconclusive on harm to unborn child. Animal studies show fetal abnormalities. Decide with your doctor whether drug benefits justify risk to unborn child. Breast-feeding: No proven harm to unborn child. Avoid if possible. Infants and children: Use under medical supervision only. Prolonged use: Anemia. Skin and sunlight: May cause rash or intensify sunburn in areas exposed to sun or sunlamp. Driving, piloting or hazardous work: No problems expected. Discontinuing: Don't discontinue without doctor's advice until you complete prescribed dose, even though symptoms diminish or disappear. Others: No problems expected. POSSIBLE INTERACTION WITH OTHER DRUGS Generic Name or Drug Class Combined Effect Diuretics (thiazide) Unusual bleeding or bruising. Flecainide Possible decreased blood-cell production in bone marrow. Sulfamethoxazole Beneficial increase of sulfamethoxazole effect. Tocainide Possible decreased blood-cell production in bone marrow. POSSIBLE INTERACTION WITH OTHER SUBSTANCES Interacts With Combined Effect Alcohol Increased alcohol effect with Bactrim or Septra. Beverages None expected. Cocaine No proven problems. Foods None expected. Marijuana None expected. Tobacco None expected. 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