Appendix F:

Weights and Measures


Mathematical Notation

Exponents immediately follow the ^ symbol throughout this appendix.

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Mathematical Power                             Name
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10^18 or 1,000,000,000,000,000,000             one quintillion
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10^15 or 1,000,000,000,000,000                 one quadrillion
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10^12 or 1,000,000,000,000                     one trillion
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10^9 or 1,000,000,000                          one billion
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10^6 or 1,000,000                              one million
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10^3 or 1,000                                  one thousand
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10^2 or 100                                    one hundred
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10^1 or 10                                     ten
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10^0 or 1                                      one
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10-^1 or 0.1                                   one-tenth
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10-^2 or 0.01                                  one-hundredth
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10-^3 or 0.001                                 one-thousandth
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10-^6 or 0.000 001                             one-millionth
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10-^9 or 0.000 000 001                         one-billionth
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10-^12 or 0.000 000 000 001                    one-trillionth
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10-^15 or 0.000 000 000 000 001                one-quadrillionth
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10-^18 or 0.000 000 000 000 000 00             one-quintillionth
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Metric Interrelationships

Conversions from a multiple or submultiple to the basic units of meters, liters, or grams can be done using the table. For example, to convert from kilometers to meters, multiply by 1,000 (9.26 kilometers equals 9,260 meters) or to convert from meters to kilometers, multiply by 0.001 (9,260 meters equals 9.26 kilometers).

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Prefix      Symbol         Length, weight,  
                           or capacity         Area         Volume
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exa         E              10^18               10^36        10^54
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peta        P              10^15               10^30        10^45
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tera        T              10^12               10^24        10^36
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giga        G              10^9                10^18        10^27
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mega        M              10^6                10^12        10^18
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hectokilo   hk             10^5                10^10        10^15
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myria       ma             10^4                10^8         10^12
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kilo        k              10^3                10^6         10^9
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hecto       h              10^2                10^4         10^6
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basic unit  -              1 meter,            1 meter^2    1 meter^3
                           1 gram,
                           1 liter
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deci        d              10-^1               10-^2        10-^3
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centi       c              10-^2               10-^4        10-^6
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milli       m              10-^3               10-^6        10-^9
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decimilli   dm             10-^4               10-^8        10-^12
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centimilli  cm             10-^5               10-^10       10-^15
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micro       u              10-^6               10-^12       10-^18
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nano        n              10-^9               10-^18       10-^27
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pico        p              10-^12              10-^24       10-^36
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femto       f              10-^15              10-^30       10-^45
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atto        a              10-^18              10-^36       10-^54
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Equivalents

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Units                  Metric Equivalent        US Equivalent
                              
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acre                   0.404 685 64 hectares    43,560 feet^2
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acre                   4,046,856 4 meters^2     4,840 yards^2
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acre                   0.004 046 856 4          0.001 562 5 miles^2,
                         kilometers^2             statute
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are                    100 meters^2             119.599 yards^2
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barrel 
 (petroleum, US)       158.987 29 liters        42 gallons
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 (proof spirits, US)   151.416 47 liters        40 gallons
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 (beer, US)            117.347 77 liters        31 gallons
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bushel                 35.239 07 liters         4 pecks
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cable                  219.456 meters           120 fathoms
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chain (surveyor's)     20.116 8 meters          66 feet
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cord (wood)            3.624 556 meters^3       128 feet^3
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cup                    0.236 588 2 liters       8 ounces, liquid (US)
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degrees, Celsius       (water boils at 100      multiply by 1.8 and add 32 
                        degrees C, freezes at   to obtain degrees F
                        0 degrees C)                                                           
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degrees, Fahrenheit    subtract 32 and divide   water boils at 212 degrees 
                        by 1.8 to obtain        F, freezes at 32 degrees F) 
                        degrees C
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dram, avdp.            1.771 845 2 grams        0.0625 5 ounces, avdp.
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dram, troy             3.887 934 6 grams        0.125 ounces, troy
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dram, liquid  (US)     3.696 69 milliliters     0.125 ounces, liquid
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fathom                 1.828 8 meters           6 feet
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foot                   30.48 centimeters        12 inches
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foot                   0.304 8 meters           0.333 333 3 yards
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foot                   0.000 304 8 kilometers   0.000 189 39 miles, statute
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foot^2                 929.030 4 centimeters^2  144 inches^2
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foot^2                 0.092 903 04 meters^2    0.111 111 1 yards^2
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foot^3                 28.316 846 592 liters    7.480 519 gallons
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foot^3                 0.028 316 847 meters^3   1,728 inches^3
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furlong                201.168 meters           220 yards
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gallon, liquid (US)    3.785 411 784 liters     4 quarts, liquid
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gill (US)              118.294 118 milliliters  4 ounces, liquid
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grain                  64.798 91 milligrams     0.002 285 71 ounces, avdp.
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gram                   1,000 milligrams         0.035 273 96 ounces, avdp.
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hand (height of horse) 10.16 centimeters        4 inches
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hectare                10,000 meters^2          2.471 053 8 acres
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hundredweight, long    50.802 345 kilograms     112 pounds, avdp.
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hundredweight, short   45.359 237 kilograms     100 pounds, avdp.
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inch                   2.54 centimeters         0.083 333 33 feet
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inch^2                 6.451 6 centimeters^2    0.006 944 44 feet^2
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inch^3                 16.387 064 centimeters^3 0.000 578 7 feet^3
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inch^3                 16.387 064 milliliters   0.029 761 6 pints, dry
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inch^3                 16.387 064 milliliters   0.034 632 0 pints, liquid
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kilogram               0.001 tons, metric       2.204 623 pounds, avdp.
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kilometer              1,000 meters             0.621 371 19 miles, statute
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kilometer^2            100 hectares             247.105 38 acres
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kilometer^2            1,000,000 meters^2       0.386 102 16 miles^2,
                                                  statute 
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knot (1 nautical       1.852 kilometers/hour    1.151 statute miles/hour
  mi/hr)                
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league, nautical       5.556 kilometers     3 miles, nautical
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league, statute        4.828.032 kilometers     3 miles, statute 
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link (surveyor's)      20.116 8 centimeters     7.92 inches 
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liter                  0.001 meters^3           61.023 74 inches^3
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liter                  0.1 dekaliter            0.908 083 quarts, dry
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liter                  1,000 milliliters        1.056 688 quarts, liquid 
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meter                  100 centimeters          1.093 613 yards
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meter^2                10,000 centimeters^2     1.195 990 yards^2
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meter^3                1,000 liters             1.307 951 yards^3
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micron                 0.000 001 meter          0.000 039 4 inches
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mil                    0.025 4 millimeters      0.001 inch
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mile, nautical         1.852 kilometers         1.150 779 4 miles, statute
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mile^2, nautical       3.429 904 kilometers^2   1.325 miles^2, statute
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mile, statute          1.609 344 kilometers     5,280 feet or 8 furlongs
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mile^2, statute        258.998 811 hectares     640 acres or 1 section
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mile^2, statute        2.589 988 11             0.755 miles^2, nautical  
                         kilometers^2         
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minim (US)             0.061 611 52 milliliters 0.002 083 33 ounces, liquid
                                                  or one-sixtieth of a dram
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ounce, avdp.           28.349 523 125 grams     437.5 grains
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ounce, liquid (US)     29.573 53 milliliters    0.062 5 pints, liquid
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ounce, troy            31.103 476 8 grams       480 grains
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pace                   76.2 centimeters         30 inches
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peck                   8.809 767 5 liters       8 quarts, dry
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pennyweight            1.555 173 84 grams       24 grains
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pint, dry (US)         0.550 610 47 liters      0.5 quarts, dry
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pint, liquid (US)      0.473 176 473 liters     0.5 quarts, liquid
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point (typographical)  0.351 459 8 millimeters  0.013 837 inches
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pound, avdp            453.592 37 grams         16 ounces, avdp
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pound, troy            373.241 721 6 grams      12 ounces, troy
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quart, dry (US)        1.101 221 liters         2 pints, dry
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quart, liquid (US)     0.946 352 946 liters     2 pints, liquid
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quintal                100 kilograms            220.462 26 pounds, avdp.
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rod                    5.029 2 meters           5.5 yards
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scruple                1.295 978 2 grams        20 grains
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section (US)           2.589 988 1 kilometers^2 1 mile^2, statute 
                                                  or 640 acres
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span                   22.86 centimeters        9 inches
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stere                  1 meter^3                1.307 95 yards^3
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tablespoon             14.786 76 milliliters    3 teaspoons
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teaspoon               4.928 922 milliliters    0.333 333 tablespoons
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ton, long or           1,016.046 909 kilograms  2,240 pounds, avdp.
  deadweight
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ton, metric            1,000 kilograms          2,204.623 pounds, avdp.
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ton, metric            1,000 kilograms          32,150.75 ounces, troy
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ton, register          2.831 684 7 meters^3     100 feet^3
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ton, short             907.184 74 kilograms     2,000 pounds, avdp.
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township (US)          93.239 572 kilometers^2  36 miles^2, statute
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yard                   0.914 4 meters           3 feet
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yard^2                 0.836 127 36 meters^2    9 feet^2
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yard^3                 0.764 554 86 meters^3    27 feet^3
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yard^3                 764.554 857 984 liters   201.974 gallons
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