NAME Clac - a simple command line arithmetic calculator SYNOPSIS clac [-options] [@filename | expression] DESCRIPTION Clac calculates expressions following precedence (order of operations). Functions, variables and mode identifiers are case-insensitive for the user's convenience. Clac has three modes of operation: - An expression is parsed from arguments. - Without a filename or expression Clac enters interactive mode. Expressions are evaluated as they are entered. - Expressions are read from a file. If file named 'cli.ini' exists in the current directory, it's executed before anything else is done. The parser catches common mistakes like unmatched parenthesis or divide by zero and gives an (hopefully helpful) error message. Unrecognized characters produce also an error message. You can exit from interactive mode by giving Clac an empty line. OPTIONS command line options recognized by Clac. -d Output result in decimals. Default. -b Output result in binary. -o Output result in octal decimals. -h Output result in hex decimals. -r Trigonometric arguments as radians. Default. -g Trigonometric arguments as degrees. -c Complex numbers are output as real and imaginary components 'a + bi'. Default. -v Complex numbers are output as vectors '(x, y)'. -p Complex numbers are output in polar co-ordinates '(magnitude, direction)'. Trigonometric mode defines whether the direction is in degreees or radians. -q Quiet mode. Output only results. SYNTAX: CHARACTERS AND OPERATORS Clac recognizes the following characters and operators: Evaluate expression or exit if none entered. |, & Bitwise OR and AND operators. >, < Operators for shifting bits right and left. +, - Addition and subtraction operators. % Modulo operator. *, / Multiply and divide operators. ^ Exponentiation operator. +, - Signs. Signed numbers should be in parenthesis. ( and ) Parenthesis. . Decimal point. = Assignment operator. Eg. 'test = 3.5'. : Mode (look at options) change character. Eg. ':b'. Zi Value Z is an imaginary number (1 + 2i). Z! value Z is a factor (3! = 1*2*3). 'Z Value Z is in binary format. #Z Value Z is in octal format. $Z, 0xZ Value Z is in hexadecimal format. "Z Value Z is in ascii format. Notice: Value is ended with a ' '. E Variable containing value of Napier's constant. PI Variable containing value of pi. ? Gives a brief overview of the operators and functions that Clac supports at the moment and lists all the defined variables and their values. Decimal numbers can have exponent notation (ie. a number immediatly followed by 'e' and a number). Eg. 1e2 = 1 * 10^2 and 5e-1 = 5 * 10^(-1) = 0.5. Exponent has to be an integer. You can change the values of all variables including e and pi (if you're one of those people that insist on pi being 3). Variable names may contain only letters and numbers. Variable names have to start with a letter. SYNTAX: UNUSED CHARACTERS Characters, that are NOT used by Clac's expression evaluation: ':', '@', '[', ']', '\', '_', '`', '{', '}' and '~'. SYNTAX: FUNCTIONS WITH SINGLE ARGUMENT ln(x) Natural logarithm of x. lg(x) Logarithm of x in base 10. deg(x) Convert x radians to degrees. rad(x) Convert x degrees to radians. sin(x) Sine of x. cos(x) Cosine of x. tan(x) Tangent of x. asin(x) Arcus sine of x. acos(x) Arcus cosine of x. atan(x) Arcus tangent of x. sinh(x) Hyperbolic sine of x. cosh(x) Hyperbolic cosine of x. tanh(x) Hyperbolic tangent of x. sqrt(x) Square root of x. rnd(x) Random number between 0 and x. abs(x) Absolute of x. int(x) Integer part of x. frac(x) Fraction part of x. real(x) Real part of x. imag(x) Imaginary part of x. SYNTAX: FUNCTIONS WITH MULTIPLE ARGUMENTS rtop(a, b) Rectangular co-ordinate a (if complex) or co-ordinate pair (a, b) (if two reals) is converted to polar one. ptor(a, b) Polar co-ordinate a (if complex vector) or co-ordinate pair (a, b) (if two reals) is converted to rectangular one. over(n, k) The number of k component group combinations in n components. root(n, x) Nth root of x. time(h, m, s) Change time into seconds. min(a, b, c) Smallest number of a, b, c. max(a, b, c) Largest number of a, b, c. avg(a, b, c) Average of numbers a, b, c. std(a, b, c) Standard deviation of numbers a, b, c. Number of arguments is unlimited in the min(), max(), avg() and std() functions. EXAMPLES From a command line: clac '42 + $FF.8 - (("ET * 12) + 5) / 3.7 + (-1)' Interactively: clac -g -b Expression: foo = sin(90) %1 Expression: foo + 12 %1101 Expression: a = 1 + 2i 1.0 + 2.0i Expression: b = 2 + 1i 2.0 + 1.0i Expression: a / b 0.8 + 0.6i PROGRAM STRUCTURE Clac is composed of two nearly separate 'modules': - 'clac.c', which evaluates expressions. - 'cli.c', which gets expressions from the user, command line arguments or from a file. It also takes care of the variable assignments and the help function. Communication between these to parts is done with a exp_packet structure which is better documented on the 'clac.h' file. For more info see 'clac.dvi' and 'cli.dvi' files. LIMITATIONS 255 character limit for expressions (do you need more?). Values are internally calculated using double precision numbers. No overflow check. ADVANTAGES Uses little memory because evaluating is done in the sync with the parsering. IMO easy to use and add new functions (to 'function.h' and function.c). BUGS Sure. Before I sent this I had fixed all errors that I had found. Please report any bugs that you'll happen to found (especially the 'logical' ones). THANKS TO - Jarkko Kniivil"a, who advised me on C syntax. - Gernot Saltzer for bugreports and suggestions. - J"urgen Lock, who patiently answered to my mail. - Helpful people on #atari (irc), whom I have chatted with: Dirch, Gryf, Infy, Aviva... COPYRIGHT Eero Tamminen / puujalka (irc), t150315@cc.tut.fi. Freeware. This code may be used freely in other freeware programs on condition that my effort has been mentioned on the program documentation. I would also like to get a copy of the program which incorporates my code... CHECK ALSO Sketches of Spain (Miles Davis). v 1.10 Release: 10th November 1994 CLAC(1)