
==========================================================================
ADVANCES CITED IN FIELD MEDICINE

Army Times, 12/18/95
By Soraya S. Nelson
 
   WASHINGTON - With better training and technology, doctors and medics 
are more prepared to practice medicine in the field than they were during
Operation Desert Storm defense and mimilitary health officials say.
   
   Congressional and Pentagon reports in the five years since the Persian 
Gulf War have outlined numerous problems with medical preparedness during
the war, including inadequate military training for doctors and a lack of 
familiarity with their own or other services' equipment.

Treatment techniques upgraded

   "I think we have made appropriate changes from Operation Desert Shield 
and Desert Storm," said Col. C.E.M. Maxwell, dean and commandant of the
Army's Academy of Health Sciences in San Antonio. For example, basic 
training for officers and noncommisioned officers includes 80 hours of 
hands on field training at Camp Bullis, Texas.
   
   But even if medical personnel need extra training while in Bosnia, it 
won't be a problem: The Army is prepared to set up class in the field, 
Maxwell said. Such classes would be taught via two-way video contact, 
using an Army satellite and television-like equipment, Maxwell said.
   
   "As we speak, we are teaching ... peacekeepers in the Sinai," Maxwell 
said in a Nov. 27 interview. It is the first such training in an 
operational setting abroad, he added. The students, who are members of
the 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault), based at Fort Campbell, Ky., 
"are getting beefed up on their medical courses," he said.

   "We're prepared to deploy that technology to Bosnia," Maxwell added. 
"We'd be prepared also to teach the kind of issues that might face the 
force there: cold-weather injuries and accidents or the kind of injuries 
you might see [from] mines."
   
   Interactive video technology also will be used to enhance available 
treatment m the theater without having to send additional people or 
equipment, Maxwell said.
   
   Called telemedlcme, this technology can be used by field medical 
hospital personnel to talk with top specialists for help with diagnosing 
and treating patients, Maxwell and other officials said.
   
   Which medical units are going to Bosnia could not be learned by press 
time. But military officials have said that most, if not all, of the
medical personnel deploying would come from Europe.

Evacuation system will be devised

   A 60-bed Air Force air transportable hospital already is in place in 
Zagreb, Croatia, staffed by 128 medical personnel from the 74th Medical 
Group at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio. 

   Air Force teams from the 74th Medical Group are providing care to 
United Nations Protection Forces Personnel in the region, although that 
responsibility was to be turned over to the Czech military as of 
mid-December, said Betty Ann Mauger, a spokeswomen for the Air Force 
surgeon general. 

   Whether treatment will be limited to U.S. forces or whether other U.N. 
troops or Bosnian nationals will be cared for by Amencan medical personnel 
is being worked out, said Dr. Edward Martin, principal deputy to the 
assistant defense secretary for health affairs.

==========================================================================                        
AS U.S. TROOPS ARRIVE, TUZLA SEES DOLLAR SIGNS

By Jack Kelley
USA TODAY

12/12/95

   TUZLA, Bosnia-Herzegovina - For residents of this salt-mining town 
where 71 people were killed in one attack last May, arrival of U.S.
troops is sweet revenge.

   "Christmas has come early to Bosnia," said Behija Mumic, 35, a food 
store manager. "The Americans are finally coming, but we're more
interested in their dollars than their guns."
   
   At the Tuzla air base Monday, dozens of curious Bosnians tried to 
peer inside the first cargo planes that touched down, eager to catch
a glimpse of the incoming gear. The planes are the vanguard of a 
20,000-troop U.S. force to be headquartered here.
   
   Six C-130 aircraft carrying air trafftc control radar, firetrucks, 
Humvee transport vehicles and other equipment arrived from the U.S. base 
at Ramstein, Germany.
   
   Mumic is renting her five-bedroom house for $3,000 a month to 
journalists covering the troops. She usually earns $3 a month. Others 
here are also caught up in the frenzy:
   
   * Farmers are converting their cow barns into living quarters and 
   driving their horse-drawn carts into town to try to cut deals with 
   U.S. military officials. Going rate: $3,000 a month without food,
   heat or running water.
   
   * Bosnian police, with the help of a few local thugs, are offering 
   parking spaces on streets near the air base for $2,000 a month.
   
   * A new restaurant called The American Club is about to open, offering 
   hamburgers and country music. Small U.S. flags will decorate each
   table.
   
   * College students are skipping class to work as English translators.
   
   "There's definitely going to be a boom economy now," said Guy Mayo, 
director of Bosnia's Foreign Assistance Office. "The dollar is going to
replace the (German) mark as the currency of choice."

   Even Tuzla Mayor Selim Beslagic is getting into the hype. He's
expecting U.S. troops to repair the city's pothole-filled roads, rebuild
fallen power lines and reopen the railroad that once carried salt, coal
and chemicals. 

   Another city official is even talking about a multi-million-dollar 
U.S.-built soccer stadium.
   
   Mayor Beslagic and his staff are visiting Germany this week, learning 
from counterparts in towns near U.S. bases what to expect.
   
   "We could be reborn," Beslagic said. "Everything will take time, but 
we can only benefit"
   
   Young Bosnian women, makeup bags in hand, are trickling in from 
outlying areas in search of U.S. troops as potential husbands.
   
   "I've never met an American before," said secretary Ivana Yalic, 21, 
who has been studying English. "NATO will definitely make life more 
interesting here.
   
   "The Bosnian boys are already jealous."
   
   Not everyone's happy. Islamic leaders in this Muslim town fear that 
the arrival of troops will bring problems like prostitution and drugs.
   
   "Can you imagine 20,000 young men without women for a year?" gasped 
Islamic leader Mirsada Suljic, 29. "You cannot expect just good from them. 
We're sure they'll entice many women here."
   
   And the troops will face dangers, not all military.
   
   For example, Tuzla, which means salt mine in Turkish, is sinking. 
Literally. Hundreds of salt mines, which once formed the basis of the 
city's economy, were never shored up after they were abandoned dozens of 
years ago.
   
   Now, houses, shops and roads are badly cracked from the settling of the 
mines and are being swallowed.
   
   Sinkholes are opening up almost weekly, and certain parts of town are 
considered unsafe to even walk through.
   
   And if the troops were to venture out a little farther, they'd get more 
than an earful of resentment about the U.S.-brokered peace plan.
   
   Many Bosnians say the accord gives too much control to the Croats and 
Serbs and will allow them to eventually divide Bosnia amongst themselves. 
They also say the accord will fall as other peace initiatives have.

   "No one believes in this agreement," said cleaning lady Selma 
Zahirovic, 22, visiting the grave site of her cousin Edin, who was killed
with 70 others when a serb launched rocket attack struck a crowded 
downtown area last May. 

   "Serbs, Croats and Bosnians hated each other before this war and that 
will continue," she said. "Nothing, and certainly not the Americans,
can ever change that"
   
   Residents also see the U.S. troops as a political ploy by President 
Clinton to gain votes in next year's election.
   
   "Clinton needs four more years, and this is his chance to act tough 
now that the fighting has stopped and 200,000 have already died," said 
salt miner Sulesman Dedic, 35, at a downtown memorial to Tuzla's war 
victims.
   
   Next month, a Bosnian play called Behind the Dream opens. It chides 
residents for having trusted the Croats and Serbs when Yugoslavia existed 
as a country -- and it warns them against trusting outsiders, like the
United States.
   
   "There's no good will in this," Dedic said. "If Clinton truly cared 
about Bosnia, why didn't he do this before? Now is too late."
   
   Nearly 200,000 people are dead or missing in the Balkan war. It began 
in April 1992 when Bosnian Serbs rebelled against a Muslim and Croatian 
declaration of independence from Serb-dominated Yugoslavia.
   
   "We're tired of too many broken promises and too many political 
games," said Bosnian soldier Faik Gulamovic, 48. "We've learned to
trust only in our army."

   Still, don't tell that to some of the 50,000 Bosnian refugees here
who work overtime to knit sweaters, weave wool carpets and carve wooden
jewelry boxes for souvenir-minded troops.

   They desperately want U.S. troops to buy their handicrafts, find their
missing realtives and build them homes. Some refer to the troops as 
Bosnia's "cure-all".

   "Our only hope is the United States," said refugee Sefika Malic, 35, 
from the serb-held city of Srebrenica. "If they do something, maybe we
will win. Maybe we can live peacefully -- and with a little bit of money."

==========================================================================                        
ACCORD GIVES RISE TO ANGER, DISMAY

By Tom Squitieri
USA TODAY

12/12/95

   SARAJEVO, Bosnia-Herzegovina - Bosnian Serbs living in Sarajevo vote 
today on the Dayton peace plan.
   
   The vote, which is not legally binding comes as Serbs have scheduled 
another rally to protest the Ohio accord. Meanwhile, Croat refugees
living in northern Bosnia protested their inclusion in territory to be 
run by the Serbs. They are demanding the return of Posavina, a Croat 
region that Serb forces captured early in the war to link their domains 
in eastern and northern Bosnia.
   
   The treaty, which divides Bosnia into Serb and Muslim-Croat sectors, 
puts the 70,000 Serbs living in the suburbs of Sarajevo under Muslim-Croat
jurisdiction.
   
   "This is an unacceptable situation," said Trifko Radik, a Serb leader 
in a suburb called Ilidza. "Serb people cannot accept (it)."
   
   An even larger protest rally is set for Thursday, the day the Bosnian 
treaty is to be signed in Paris.
   
   "We are heading toward a cease-fire," said U.N. spokesman Lt Col. 
Chris Vernon. "The referendum will not influence it in the slightest."
   
   Bosnian Serbs, who went to war in 1992 when the Muslim-Croat majority 
opted for independence from Yugoslavia, fear they will be terrorized
and discriminated against as a minority group if cut out of the Serb 
portion of Bosnia.
   
   But Muslims, Croats and other Serbs held a counter-demonstration 
Monday. Some Serbs who fled the city's suburbs and moved into downtown 
Sarajevo when the war began want to return to their homes.
   
   Speakers drew cheers when naming suburbs and cities where many left 
homes and possessions.
   
   Elsewhere Monday:
   
   * President Clinton sent Congress a formal request for its support of 
   his deployment of U.S. troops to Bosnia.
   
   He also promised to arm and train Bosnian Muslims. More congressional 
   support is expected if steps are taken to teach Muslims to defend 
   themselves. That, in turn, could enable U.S. peacekeepers to leave in 
   a year.
   
   * The U.S. Army ordered 481 Army Reserve and National Guard soldiers to 
   active duty under a plan to send up to 3,800 of those troops to Bosnia.

==============================================================================

TODAY'S ISSUES==> TOPIC: MILITARY & ARMS      Ref: CGHI3183 Date: 12/13/95
From: STEVE SCHULTZ (Leader)                                Time: 02:53pm
/\To: ALL                                                 (Read 8 times)
Subj: OPERATION JOINT ENDEAVOR UPDATE

President Clinton signed an executive order Monday authorizing the call-up
of selected members of the National Guard and Reserves. 3,800 may be
called up. 3,388 have been told that they may be called up, including 171
Navy Reservists, 100 Marine Corps Reservists and 141 Air National Guard or
Air Force Reservists.

The flagship of the U.S. 6th Fleet, the Auxiliary Command Ship U.S.S. La
Salle (AGF 3), got underway Monday from Gaeta, Italy, for an Adriatic Sea
deployment. Under VADM Donald L. Pilling, the ship will also serve as the
flagship of N.A.T.O. Naval Striking and Support Forces Southern Europe and
will act as the head of naval vessels supporting Operation Joint Endeavor.

An air detachment of 150 U.S. Navy Seabees will deploy to Croatia to
construct a 2,500 person staging area and three additional camps. The
personnel are from Naval Construction Battalion 133, Gulfport, Miss. They
are currently deployed to Rota, Spain.

In order to provide training and indoctrination for U.S. base augmentees
identified for duty in the European theater for the operation, the U.S.
Atlantic Command has set up a Joint Preparation and Onward Movement Center
at Fort Benning, Ga. The facility will insure that personnel are trained
in Joint Chiefs and N.A.T.O. staff procedures, weapons familiarization,
cultural and environmental issues, and cold weather operations. Also,
personnel at the J.P.O.M.C. will insure personnel dental and medical
records are complete and correct, personnel deployment availability is
accurate, travel and pay are correct, and proper clothing and equipment
are issued. The facility will begin operation shortly, with training
taking two to seven days depending on background and final detination.

The U.S. Air Force's two E-8A J-STARS will deploy from the Northrop
Grumman Melbourne Systems Headquarters, Melbourne, Fla., tomorrow to
Rhein-Main A.B., Germany. Also deploying are at least ten ground station
modules from Fort Bragg, N.C., and Fort Hood, Texas, with 150 personnel.
Operations will begin late this month. Approximately 90 flight and mission
crew personnel amd 185 support personnel from the 4300 Airborne Command
and Control Squadron (Provisional) will also deploy.

The 60,000 Serbs in Sarajevo and its suburbs held a referendum on the
peace accord yesterday, and as expected, a large majority opposed it.

Bosnian Serb military commander GEN Ratko Mladic handed over two French
Air Force officers yesterday at a motel. CAPT Frederic Chiffot at LT Jose
Souvignet were captured after their Mirage 2000 D was shot down by a S.A.M.
on Aug. 30 near Pale. Their fate has been unclear since. The two were
greeted at the Jezero Motel in Zvornik by French Chief of Staff GEN Jean
Philippe Drouin. They said they were held in separate rooms, but were
treated well. With the signing of the peace accord in Paris tomorrow,
France stepped up pressure on the Bosnian Serbs to disclose information
or return the pilots. French President Jacques Chirac threatened
unspecified action if they were not released, and French Foreign Minister
Herve de Charette said last night that France would not have signed the
agreement had the two not been released. Chirac, while enlisting help from
Germany and the United States, specifically thanked two people: Serbian
President Slobodan Milosevic (illustrating his pull with the Bosnian
Serbs) and Russian President Boris N. Yeltsin, with Chirac saying that
without Yeltsin "this release would not have been possible." The pilots
were taken to an airbase near Belgrade and then flown to Villacoublay A.B.
near Velizy, France. Reportedly, Milosevic sent Yugoslav President Zoran
Lilic to Pale on Sunday to instruct Bosnian Serbs to divulge the
whereabouts and status of the pilots. Lilic apparently said in not so
uncertain terms that Belgrade still controls the purse strings of the
Bosnian Serb forces, specifically the paychecks of the officers. If the
issue of the pilots was not resolved, there would be financial
consequences. It is thought that Mladic held the pilots as a bargaining
tool to get out of his indictment under the International War Crimes
Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia. This was supported Monday when Russia
proposed that the indictments of Mladic and Bosnian Serb political leader
Radovdan Karadzic be frozen. Officials in France say the Bosnian Serbs
requested payments to compensate for N.A.T.O. air strikes and support for
the Serbs in Sarajevo as well as assistance in securing impunity for
Mladic and Karadzic. Karadzic suggested last week if France would engineer
a change so that part of Sarajevo could remain under his control, the
pilots would be released. France says no deal was made for their release.

N.A.T.O. launched two special operations missions in September to recover
the pilots, both of which failed. Karadzic said in mid-October that they
had been kidnapped. U.N. officials were saying last month that it was
thought they were dead. (A.F.N.S.; N.N.S.; DoD; Chris Hedges and Jane
Perlez/N.Y.T.)

==========================================================================
U.S. TROOPS READY, WAITING FOR THE GO-AHEAD

By Kirk Spitzer
USA Today

12/13/95

   HEIDELBERG, Germany - U.S. military officials planning for the
Bosnia deployment say they can move as soon as President Clinton
gives the order.
   
   The first U.S. combat troops, about 1,500 U.S. paratroopers from
Italy, will arrive in Tuzla within two days after the Bosnia peace 
treaty signing Thursday in Paris, military spokesmen said Tuesday.
   
   U.S. armored troops traveling overland from Hungary are likely to
be in Bosnia within a week, said Col. Doug Walters, deputy chief of 
staff for operations for U.S. Army-Europe.
   
   "Sooner is better than later," Walters said.
   
   The United States will supply about 20,000 of the 60,000 NATO troops 
in the mission.
   
   NATO must issue a formal invitation for the United States to 
participate in the mission after the treaty is signed. Clinton then must 
issue orders through the Joint Chiefs of Staff for U.S. troops to move.
   
   Depending upon how quickly this occurs, paratroopers could arrive at
the Tuzla airfield one or two days after the signing.
   
   Maj. Gen. William Nash, the U.S. ground commander, will arrive at
the same time and establish his headquarters at the airfield. The
lightly armed, airborne troops will remain in the vicinity of the Tuzla
airfield and will not deploy elsewhere, Walters said.
   
   Walters said troops from the 1st Armored Division will begin moving
from bases in southern Germany to a staging area near Kaposvar, Hungary, 
the same time the paratroopers arrive in Tuzla.
   
   The division's tanks and Bradley fighting vehicles will go by rail to
Hungary, taking about three days. Troops will travel by bus or plane.

   In Hungary, the troops will need about a day to collect equipment and
reorganize, and another day to make the overland trip from Hungary,
through Croatia into Bosnia.
   
   Walters said the armored troops will establish six to eight base camps
in various locations in the U.S. sector in northeastern Bosnia.
   
   A critical phase of the deployment will be crossing the Sava River on
the Croatia-Bosnia border.
   
   All the major bridges across the river have been destroyed. U.S. troops 
will cross the 300-yard to 500-yard-wide river using pontoon-type bridges 
built by Army engineers.
   
   Walters said the tanks and Bradley fighting vehicles will travel 
through Bosnia in "tactical road march" formation. That means vehicles 
will travel in columns on roads and highways, rather than across open 
country. Turrets and gun barrels will be pointed to the sides of the
roads, but turrets will not scan from side to side, as in combat.
   
   All vehicles will carry a full of ammunition; machine guns will be ]
loaded, but main guns will not have a round in the breech.
   
   Walters said the idea is not to for trouble, but to be prepared for it.

   "We don't think we are going to have to fight our way in. We are 
going into a combat zone, but aren't going in there thinking everything 
is going to be OK," he said. 
   
   Walters said a full brigade of armored troops, about 3,000 men and 
women and more than 100 tanks armored vehicles, could be in three weeks 
after the signing.
   
   The speed of deployment will be limited in large part by the crossing. 
Only two vehicles at a time will be able to cross each bridge even under 
ideal conditions.
   
   Army engineers will build permanent bridges or repair damaged ones, but 
it is not clear how long that will take, Walters said.

==========================================================================
TWO FRENCH COMBAT PILOTS FINALLY FREED

USA Today 
12/13/95

   * Bosnian Serbs released two French combat pilots, Capt Frederic 
   Chiffot and LL Jose Souvignet shot down over Bosnia Aug. 30. The pilots 
   were returned to Paris. Their release cleared the way for the Bosnia 
   peace treaty signing Thursday.
   
   * ABC News said U.S. intelligence officials intercepted phone 
   conversations in which Serb President Slobodan Milosevic threatened 
   Ratko Mladic Bosnian Serb military leader, with arrest to get him to 
   free the pilots.
 
   * Reports abounded, despite denials by France and the United States, 
   that Bosnian Serb rebel leader Radovan Karadzic expects to attend the 
   peace treaty signing.
   
   * A "no" vote was expected on a non-binding referendum in Serb suburbs 
   of Sarajevo asking if they accept the rule of their enemies.
   
   * More U.S. flights arrived in Tuzla. More than 100 U.S. troops
   now are in Bosnia preparing for the main peacekeeping force.
 
   * The Senate votes today on resolutions on the U.S. troop deployment to 
   Bosnia. The Senate is expected to support the deployment in a 
   resolution by Senate Majority Leader Bob Dole. Dole wants assurances 
   U.S. troops will train and arm Bosnian Muslims.
   
   * President Clinton departs tonight for the Paris peace signing. It's 
   at noon Thursday (6 a.m. ET).

==========================================================================
SENATE LIKELY WILL BACK DEPLOYMENT GRUDGINGLY

By Judi Hasson and Bill Nichols
USA Today
12/13/95

   The Senate is expected to vote today in favor of a resolution backing
U.S. troops in Bosnia.
    
   Senate Majority Leader Bob Dole said the Senate likely would reject a
resolution denying funding for the deployment but approve a separate
proposal giving grudging support to the troops.
    
   The resolution, by Dole and Sen. John McCain, R-Ariz., commits the 
United States to arm and train the Bosnian military as part of a strategy 
for U.S. troops to leave in a year.
    
   "You have to have an exit strategy," Dole said. "We don't support the
president's decision, but we do support the troops."

   Dole and McCain wrote Clinton asking for calrification on how Bosnian 
forces would be armed and trained. White House officials reiterated
Clinton's pledge that the U.S. government will "ensure that the Bosnian
government has what it needs for self-defense."

   But the administration remains unwilling to satisfy their request that
the U.S. military lead in training and arming the Bosnians, preferring 
instead it be done by other countries.
   
   White House press secretary Mike McCurry said Clinton has been warned 
against such a policy by U.S. military commanders who fear it could be 
seen as a lack of neutrality and endanger U.S. members of the NATO force 
in Bosnia.
   
   White House officials also stressed the potential fallout that could 
result from a lack of congressional support as Clinton goes to Paris 
Thursday for a formal signing of the Bosnia peace treaty.

   "Mixed signals can't make any of our allies happy," McCurry said.
            
   In a subdued debate, Republican lawmakers said they opposed Clinton's
plan to send the troops into the war-torn region as part of a 60,000-
member NATO peacekeeping force.

   "The best way to support our troops is not to send them over there in
the first place," said Sen. James Inhofe, R-Okla.

   But Sen. John Glenn, D-Ohio, said: "They came to us and said they were
tired of war ... The big difference now is that they are tired of war."

   The House, which has twice voted against deployment, is awaiting
Senate action.
==========================================================================
GREEN BAY RESERVE UNIT MAY SHIP TO BOSNIA

Milwaukee Journal-Sentinel, 12/13/95
By Meg Jones

   Army Reserve Maj. Daniel Ammerman may soon leave his De Pere home for 
the snow and violence of Bosnia, and although he could miss Christmas
with his family, he said he is ready to serve.

   Ammerman and the rest of the 432nd Civil Affairs Brigade have been
notified by the military to start training for possible deployment to 
Bosnia, said Lt. Col. Brian Kilgariff, the unit's commanding officer.

   "Certainly I would like to be home for Christmas, but I think the
greater good would be getting the mission done, of course," Ammerman
said. "Celebrating Christmas with my family is very important, but
there are people in Bosnia who are dying every day."

   Ammerman, accounting manager for Schneider National Inc. in Green Bay, 
is married and has a 21-month-old son, Keith.

   Ammerman said his wife, Kathy, is well aware of the danger he could 
face.  "She's not happy about it, but she also understands that I have a 
job to do, so she's willing to accept that."
   
   Kilgariff said his unit had started cold-weather training but had not 
been notified whether it would ship out.

    Based in Green Bay, the 112 member unit member unit operates much like 
emergency government helping bridge the gap between military and civilian 
authorities. The 432nd includes engineers, lawyers and physicians as well
as officers fluent in foreign languages.

   "We have unique civilian skills that you don't normally find in the 
military," Kilgariff said.

==========================================================================

TODAY'S ISSUES==> TOPIC: MILITARY & ARMS      Ref: CGIL0210 Date: 12/14/95
From: STEVE SCHULTZ (Leader)                                Time: 05:03pm
\/To: ALL                                                 (Read 4 times)
Subj: OPERATION JOINT ENDEAVOR UPDATE

The U.S. House of Representatives and Senate defeated attempts yesterday
to cut off funds for U.S. troops in Bosnia. The House vote was 210 to 218,
while a similar Senate measure was defeated 77 to 22, with one Democrat
and 21 Republicans voting for the measure. The House effort was sponsored
by Rep. Bob Dornan (R-Calif.). The Senate attempt was by Sen. Kay Bailey
Hutchison (R-Texas). The Democrat voting to cut funding was Sen. Russell
D. Feingold (D-Wis.).

U.S. Assistant Secretary of State Richard C. Holbrooke said yesterday in
Paris that Bosnia and Serbia will establish diplomatic relations.

A senior U.S. official yesterday quoted Serbian President Slobodan
Milosevic as saying he had threatened Bosnian Serb military commander GEN
Ratko Mladic with arrest to force the release of the two French pilots.
(A.P. and Katharine Q. Seelye/N.Y.T.)

==========================================================================
                            [OMRI Daily Digest]
                     Vol. 1, No. 242, 14 December 1995

LEADERS SIGN DAYTON AGREEMENT. The presidents of Bosnia, Croatia, and
Serbia arrived in Paris to put their signatures to the complex treaty
negotiated by American diplomats last month. Also present were the
presidents of France and the U.S., as well as the heads of government of
Germany, the U.K., Russia, and Spain. In total, some 50 countries and
international organizations were represented at the 14 December ceremony.
Earlier that morning, the foreign ministers of Bosnia, Croatia and rump
Yugoslavia signed the annexes, which contain the real substance of the
Dayton agreement. Kresimir Zubak signed for the Croat-Muslim federation and
Nikola Koljevic for the Bosnian Serbs. -- Patrick Moore

KALASHNIKOVS GO OFF IN SARAJEVO TO CELEBRATE DAYTON AGREEMENT. The BBC on
14 December noted that France was anxious to put on a good show to offset
the fact that the settlement is primarily an American achievement. The
International Herald Tribune added that the Gaullist government wanted to
add a diplomatic coup of its own by obtaining mutual diplomatic recognition
by Belgrade and Zagreb and by Belgrade and Sarajevo. The BBC reported that
Croatia in particular, however, did not want to take any action that could
be viewed as endorsing rump Yugoslavia's claim to be the single legal
successor to the former Yugoslav federation. Meanwhile in Sarajevo,
international media noted that the mood on 14 December was optimistic and
that shots were fired in celebration. * Patrick Moore

DID FRENCH DO A DEAL TO FREE PILOTS? There has been much speculation in
recent weeks that French expressions of concern for Sarajevo's Serbs were
linked to the issue of the two captured pilots. The Daily Telegraph wrote
on 13 December that, in the wake of failed attempts to free the officers,
"as the Bosnian peace talks wound up, Belgrade reminded France of its
historical friendship with Serbs and asked for 'a gesture.' Mr. [Jacques]
Chirac responded by expressing concern that the peace pact did not protect
the Sarajevo Serbs. In return, France expected its pilots' release. When
this did not follow, Mr. Chirac asked Mr. [Slobodan] Milosevic for their
return [by 11 December]." Gen. Jean-Philippe Douin then "flew to Belgrade
to handle the negotiations [and] ended by drinking plum brandy with Gen.
Ratko Mladic." -- Patrick Moore

PARIS DENIES STORY. International media on 13 December said that the French
defense and foreign ministers denied having made any concessions to obtain
the two men's release. Nasa Borba on 14 December reported that Mladic
wanted to keep the pilots in order to plea bargain with the Hague war
crimes tribunal and gave them up only when Milosevic threatened to arrest
him if he did not. -- Patrick Moore

UN SQUABBLE OVER EASTERN SLAVONIAN FORCE. A squabble has broken out at the
UN over who should police eastern Slavonia, Western agencies reported. UN
Secretary-General Boutros Boutros Ghali on 12 December recommended that
9,300 troops be sent to the region under the auspices of a multinational
force to be attached to the UN NATO-led Implementation Force (IFOR), Hina
reported. This proposal contradicts an earlier understanding with the
Americans that the east Slavonian force remain a UN operation, and U.S.
Ambassador to the UN Madeleine Albright convinced Boutros-Ghali to
downgrade the "recommendation" to a "preference." After the original report
was publicly released, Albright called it "misguided and counterproductive"
for the secretary-general to try to avoid this operation "because of the
risk of exacerbating a negative image of UN activities in the former
Yugoslavia." Currently, 1,600 Belgian and Russian peacekeepers serve in
eastern Slavonia. -- Michael Mihalka

RUGOVA SAYS KOSOVO WILL BE ON INTERNATIONAL AGENDA. Following a meeting
with German Foreign Minister Klaus Kinkel the president of the Kosovar
shadow-state Ibrahim Rugova said that Kosovo will be on the international
agenda once the Dayton peace agreement has been signed. He said he had been
assured of support by Kinkel and previously by the U.S. government, Nasa
Borba reported on 14 December. Kinkel, however, is quoted as saying that
Bonn does not support Kosovo's breaking away from rump Yugoslavia. Nasa
Borba added that Serbian Socialist Party deputy leader Goran Percevic met
with the German parliamentary Foreign Affairs Committee and that the Kosovo
conflict was discussed at the meeting. -- Fabian Schmidt

SERBIAN PARTY BACKS NATO. Nasa Borba on 13 December reported that New
Democracy supports rump Yugoslavia's membership in NATO's Partnership for
Peace program as a means of integrating the rump Yugoslavia into Western
institutions. Since it was founded in 1990, it has been the only party in
the rump Yugoslavia to have a consistent and "clear pro-European
orientation." ND provides critical backing for the governing Socialist
Party of Serbia in the Serbian republic's legislature, giving the SPS a de
facto majority. A recent spate of remarks by ND member Dusan Mihajlovic
stressing the party's support for PfP may be designed to support
Milosevic's desire to reintegrate the rump Yugoslavia into the community of
nations. -- Stan Markotich

==========================================================================



USA Today, 12/14/95
By Jack Kelley

   They keep worn Polaroid pictures of homes and gardens under their 
pillows, draw maps of farm fields with next spring's planting dates
scribbled along the edge.

   And some even write errand lists as if they were going home tomorrow.

   "It's all an insane game we play to give us some hope," says Hermina 
Mujezinovic, 30, a Bosnian Muslim woman who has driven from the city of
Bijeljina. "But we know we're never going home. We'll probably all be
buried here."

   The fate of the 2.8 million refugees is written between the lines
of the peace treaty the leaders of Serbia, Croatia and Bosnia sign
today in Paris, an agreement that will redraw the ethnic neighborhoods of
once multicultural Bosnia.
 
   Under the peace plan, refugees have the right to return to homes and
property they abandoned during four years of fighting.
   
   But many do not want to return to communities that will be controlled
by their wartime enemies.
   
   When 60,000 Muslims fled Srebrenica in eastern Bosnia during a Serb 
attack last July, many trekked 50 miles to Tuzla.
   
   Just the thought of returning to a town under Serb control brings tears
to the eyes of many.
   
   "I'd rather live here in squalor until the end of my life than live 
with Serbs again in my Srebrenica," says Zirafeta Jusic, 32, shaking with 
fear.
   
   "We don't want to be treated like animals or slaves again. I don't 
want to wake up to find a Serb grenade under my bed," she says.
   
   Jusic says Serb troops killed her son Damir, 6. by tossing a grenade
into his room in July. She produced a lock of his brown hair and a 
picture of his funeral as proof. 

   It is no surprise that refugees hate those who have tortured them.
   
   But if all the refugees refuse to return to their homes, can there be
peace? If 40,000 Serbs living in the suburbs of Sarajevo elect not to 
remain under Croat-Muslim rule, will one exodus merely replace another?
   
   Ethnic hate started the war.
   
   In early 1992, Bosnia-Herzegovina, a republic with a majority Muslim
population, declared its independence from Yugoslavia.
   
   Serbs in Bosnia, accustomed to being a majority in Yugoslavia, went to
war to avoid living under another ethnic group.
   
   "This is going to be an extremely complicated and delicate process,"
says U.N. spokesman Chris Gunness. "And I hate to say it but we have no
idea whether it will work."
   
   U.N. and humanitarian officials envision a three-part plan to 
repatriate the refugees, who will be encouraged but not forced to return 
home.
   
   In the first phase next spring 1.3 million refugees within Bosnia will
be encouraged to return home.
   
   In the second phase, refugees now in the rest of former Yugoslavia will
be invited to return to Bosnia -- 463,000 from Croatia, 330,000 from
Serbia, 24,000 from Slovenia and 6,500 from Macedonia.
   
   The final phase is a homecoming for about 700,000 other refugees, 
mostly Bosnian Muslims, living in Europe or the USA. This includes
more than 350,000 in Germany alone. There are 19,000 Bosnian refugees in 
the USA.
   
   "We're going to have a very messy repatriation in the former 
Yugoslavia," says Arthur Helton, migration director for the Open Society 
Institute, a foundation involved in rebuilding war-tom areas. "People who
have been persecuted are unlikely to return to places where their 
erstwhile neighbors persecuted them."
   
   People in mixed marriages may not want to go back if they fear their
spouses are at risk. Others won't be able to go back because their houses
have been destroyed or are occupied by someone else.
   
   "Most of them think they can't go home," says Sheppie Abramowitz of
the International Rescue Committee, a refugee-aid organization.
   
   To calm their fears, U.N. and Bosnian officials will ask the 20,000 
U.S. peacekeepers, to secure the refugees' safe passage home and protect
them once they're there.
   
   But Wednesday, U.S. military officials said no decisions have been
made about troops escorting or protecting returning refugees.
   
   "There are naturally high expectations," says Air Force Col. Neil 
Patton, one of two commanders of the Bosnia advance group. "But those 
decisions have yet to be made."
   
   Tuzla's refugee director, Sead Cosickic, 40, fears there will be 
another mass movement of refugees even greater than the war-time exodus 
if U.S. troops pull out before the resettlement is complete. U.S. troops 
are expected to stay for one year.
   
   "After one year, (the refugees) face being pushed out again," Cosickic 
says. "The U.S., the U.N., no one has details on how this is going to
work. But one's things for sure, one year is not long enough."

   Here in Tuzla, many of the Muslim refugees say they walked up to 14
days through forests, ate little more than wild grasses and fruits, and 
carried only the clothes on their back to get to safety last July.
    
   They share private homes or live in one of 15 refugee centers in 
dilapidated schools, factories or warehouses.
    
   The schools are packed with up to 40 people sleeping on 12 bunkbeds in
30-foot by 30-foot classrooms. As many as four share a mattress.
    
   Nearly every inch of floor space is filled with cardboard boxes holding
donated clothes or covered by blankets and bedrolls.
    
   The refugees hang their laundry on lines stretched across the room
and cook their meals on kettles in the comer, occasionally setting fire
to sheets and blankets.
    
   There is little privacy or hygiene. Babies constantly scream for 
attention, young kids yell and fight.
   
   "It is terrible, just terrible," says Dr. Bashir Arain, director of the 
Pakistani U.N. Field Hospital. "People are crying without clothing food,
and full of pains and fever."
   
   Many of the refugees hold out their Bosnian passports asking anyone to 
help. Young children grab onto stranger's leg; for affection. Elderly 
women just cry.
   
   "We are all like orphans. We are completely alone," says Jusic, who
spends her day knitting reading or dreaming. "We don't know where to go 
and what to do. We don't know about tomorrow."
   
   There are very few men here. Most, like Jusic's husband Dzemail, 31, 
were captured by Serb troops and reported missing by the International Red 
Cross.
   
   She said she fears his body will be found in one of the mass graves 
that U.S. officials have reportedly found in Srebrenica. She started 
crying before she could finish speaking.

   "It's very hard to find anyone smart enough to know what's going to 
happen to us," says Srebrenica refugee Ibrahim Salihovic, 74. "It's 
ridiculous to think we'll all be back home in one year. I ran away from
Serbian bullets and I don't want to have to do it again."
   
   But Cosickic still holds out hope.
   
   "We need to show these refugees that there is hope and even justice in
the world. We need to convince them that it's safe to return home," 
Cosickic says. "After this war, it's hard to convince them of anything."
==========================================================================
A RELUCTANT CONGRESS GIVING OK ON BOSNIA

USA Today, 12/14/95
By Judi Hasson and Jessica Lee

   Recalling Vietnam and two world wars, Congress headed Wednesday toward 
approving the deployment of U.S. troops in Bosnia-Herzegovina.
    
   With anger and sometimes bitterness in their voices as they debated a 
half dozen resolutions, lawmakers in both the House and Senate said they
were resigned that 20,000 U.S. troops will be sent to Bosnia no matter how 
they vote:
    
   * "I deplore the action of the president but it is his decision, and I 
   will abide by that decision and support it but, know well that it is a 
   tragedy about to unfold," said Rep. George Gekas, R-Pa.
    
   * "U.S. troops will be deployed in Bosnia no matter what the Congress 
   does," said Sen. Arlen Specter, R-Pa. "Congress should support the 
   troops without endorsing the president's policy."
    
   The votes came as President Clinton flew to Paris to witness the 
signing of the Bosnian peace agreement. The White House warned that the 
U.S. position overseas would be weakened if Congress did not support the 
peacekeeping effort:
    
   Before leaving Washington, Clinton said: "I believe our nation has 
already made the difference between war and peace there. Now I believe
only the United States can make the difference between whether the peace 
takes hold because the actions of all of our allies depend upon our 
working together."
    
   The White House sent last-minute assurances to lawmakers that the 
United States would support the among and training of the outgunned 
Bosnian government as long as the NATO force is not drawn into the effort.
    
   That issue was a sticking point for Senate Majority Leader Bob Dole, 
R-Kan. Dole said he supports the troops but wanted to make sure there is
an exit strategy to remove them within a year.
    
   "We need to do what we can to make certain that the sacrifices being 
made now -- by our men and women in uniform, by the U.S. taxpayer -- are 
not for naught," Dole said.
   
   Democrats argued that not sending peacekeeping troops to the region 
would only make it more difficult to resolve the conflict in the war-torn 
region.
   
   "Doing nothing represents a likelihood of a larger war in Europe," 
warned Sen. Charles Robb, D-Va.
   
   In one of the most dramatic speeches, Sen. Joseph Biden, D-Del., 
declared: "My son may not go to Bosnia today but he may well be in East 
Germany eight years from now. Given the choices I support this 
resolution. I support it because we have a vital national interest."
   
   The Senate debated three options: Cut off funding, a proposal that 
failed; oppose Clinton's decision to send troops but support the soldiers 
themselves, which was expected to pass; and permit Clinton to send troops 
while imposing restrictions on the mission, which also was expected to 
pass.
   
   The House wrestled as well over supporting Clinton's decision to deploy 
U.S. troops in Bosnia.
   
   Republicans made no secret of their philosophical opposition to the 
operation. They voted 2-1 in an early-moming GOP meeting to prohibit 
govemment funding to send U.S. troops to Bosnia. It failed on the House 
floor 218-210.
   
   Said Rep. Steven Schiff, R-N.M., "The best way to support our troops is 
not to send them to Bosnia in the first place."

========================================================================== 
WISCONSIN SENATOR ONLY DEM DISSENTER

USA Today, 12/14/95


   Sen. Russell Feingold, D-Wis., stood alone among Senate Democrats 
Wednesday in opposing the deployment of U.S. troops to Bosnia.
    
   "It is obvious that this institution, this Senate, does not have the 
will to challenge decades of executive aggrandizement of congressional 
war powers," Feingold said.
    
   Feingold says he's opposing U.S. involvement because it's the first 
step toward "policing the world."

----

   In Paris:
   
   * President Clinton today witnesses the formal Bosnia peace treaty 
   signing at about 11:45 a.m. (5:45 a.m. ET)
   
   * The United States has uncovered signs that the foreign Islamic 
   fighters who helped Bosnia's Muslim-led government fight the Serbs
   are beginning to leave, U.S. Secretary of State Warren Christopher 
   said.

   In Washington:

   * The Senate voted 77-22 against legislation passed by the House that 
   would have prohibited sending U.S. troops to Bosnia unless Congress 
   first approved funding.
   
   Votes on two other resolutions supporting the troop deployment were 
   pending, 
   
   * The House was preparing to vote on resolutions concerning the U.S. 
   troop deployment to Bosnia.
   
   * Pentagon officials said the 20,000 U.S. peacekeeping troops going to 
   Bosnia will each receive an additional total of $352 monthly in 
   "imminent danger" and other pay.
   
   * Pentagon officials said a special "Combat Stress Team" of up to 15 
   specialists, including psychiatrists and psychologists, will be sent 
   from Fort Carson, Colo., to Bosnia with the troops to help soldiers 
   handle stress.

   In Bosnia:
   
   * Two feet of fresh snow in Sarajevo slowed deployment of the NATO 
   enabling force, including some U.S. troops, paving the way for the 
   peacekeeping force expected this weekend.
   
   * Serbs in the capital of Sarajevo voted overwhelmingly against a 
   provision in the peace pact handing their neighborhoods back to 
   control of the Muslim-led government. Many Serbs fear reprisals.

==========================================================================

TODAY'S ISSUES==> TOPIC: MILITARY & ARMS      Ref: CGJN3179 Date: 12/15/95
From: STEVE SCHULTZ (Leader)                                Time: 07:52pm
\/To: ALL                                                 (Read 5 times)
Subj: OPERATION JOINT ENDEAVOR UPDATE

The peace accord was signed yesterday at the Elyse Palace in Paris.

Four shells were fired yesterday by Bosnian Serbs into the Bosnian
Government area of Sarajevo. Bosnian Government troops fired on a French
helicopter and Croatian troops clashed with Islamic fighters.

Since the execution of the Selected Reserve Call-Up order on Dec. 8, 52
National Guard units with 2,223 personnel, 19 Army units with 853
personnel, and 33 Army Reserve units with 1,370 personnel have been
mobilized. The first and the last represent more than 65 percent of the
call-up authority of 3,388. 26 units have been idenified and are awaiting
mobilization.

It was announced yesterday that several U.S. Air National Guard and Air
Force Reserve units will provide support as required using volunteers on a
mission-by-mission basis. Among them is the 128th Air Refueling Group,
Genel International Airport, with its KC-135R Stratotankers.
(DoD; Chris Hedges and Craig R. Whitney/N.Y.T.)

===================================================================

TODAY'S ISSUES==> TOPIC: MILITARY & ARMS      Ref: CGKI3071 Date: 12/16/95
From: STEVE SCHULTZ (Leader)                                Time: 02:51pm
\/To: ALL                                                 (Read 6 times)
Subj: OPERATION JOINT ENDEAVOR UPDATE

Five Islamic fundamentalist soldiers, who were foreign volunteers, have
been killed in a shootout with a Croatian militia at a roadblock in Zepce.
Two Bosnian Croat police officers were wounded. The attack on Thursday
followed a large explosion in a car at the fundamentalist's camp in
Podbrezje the day before. Police say the car exploded when people trying
to rig a car bomb accidentally detonated it. One man was killed. Bosnian
Croat forces have been ordered to prepare for car bombings and assaults on
isolated villages by the mujahedeen. British and French military
intelligence reports estimate as many as 2,000 mujahedeen in Bosnia, but
some Western diplomats say there may be twice that number. The peace
accord requires foreign forces that have fought in the war to leave, and
136 mujahedeen have left according to an official in Zenica. Many are
second or third generation European Arabs - the man killed Wednesday was a
British citizen.

The U.N. Security Council formally ended the U.N. peacekeeping role in
Bosnia in a unanimous vote last night. Authority has been turned over to
N.A.T.O.

Poor weather prevented aircraft from landing at Tuzla yesterday. Weather
has prevented several flights this week. (Ian Fisher and Mike
O'Connor/N.Y.T.)

==================================================================\

TODAY'S ISSUES==> TOPIC: MILITARY & ARMS      Ref: CGLP0221 Date: 12/17/95
From: STEVE SCHULTZ (Leader)                                Time: 08:03pm
\/To: ALL                                                 (Read 0 times)
Subj: OPERATION JOINT ENDEAVOR UPDATE

Winter weather meant for a third day in a row yesterday, U.S. aircraft
were unable to land in Tuzla. As many as 60 landings have been aborted.
Most of the British and French troops deploying have been able to enter
Bosnia.

GEN George Joulwan, U.S. Army, Supreme Allied Commander of N.A.T.O.,
approved the North Atlantic Council operations order yesterday, officially
beginning the operation. Deployment was to begin in force early today.
(A.P. and Raymond Bonner/N.Y.T.)

======================================================================

TODAY'S ISSUES==> TOPIC: MILITARY & ARMS      Ref: CGMK3485 Date: 12/18/95
From: STEVE SCHULTZ (Leader)                                Time: 04:58pm
\/To: ALL                                                 (Read 1 times)
Subj: OPERATION JOINT ENDEAVOR UPDATE

Heavy fog cancelled flights into Tuzla again yesterday for the fourth day.

A train with 103 U.S. Army soldiers crossed into Croatia yesterday after a
four-hour delay at the Hungarian border for document checks. They will
repair a bridge over the Sava River so other troops can move overland to
Tuzla.

The first U.S. general managed to make it to Tuzla last night. BRIG GEN
Stanley F. Cherry, U.S. Army, will command the U.S. base at Tuzla. He flew
to Sarajevo and then took a Norwegian helicopter. (N.Y.T.)

==========================================================

                            [OMRI Daily Digest]

                     Vol. 1, No. 244, 18 December 1995



UN, NATO APPROVE NATO-LED DEPLOYMENT. The UN Security Council on
15

December authorized the deployment of the NATO-led peacekeeping
force in

Bosnia, Western agencies reported. Shortly thereafter, NATO

commander-in-chief George Joulwan issued the order to begin
deploying

troops, saying "the mission is clear: limited in time and scope
and with

robust rules of engagement." The UN resolution authorizes
deployment for

approximately one year and allows the troops to use "all
necessary force"

to implement the Dayton peace accord. Acting NATO
Secretary-General Sergio

Balanzino noted "this is a historic moment for the (NATO)
alliance. It is

the first ground operation, the first operation out of area."
Meanwhile,

bad weather slowed deployment of troops into the region. --
Michael Mihalka



BOSNIAN SERB PARLIAMENT REJECTS DAYTON MAPS. The Bosnian Serb
legislature

met in Jahorina on 17 December and "took note" of the Dayton
treaty while

rejecting the maps and territorial settlement, Nasa Borba and
news agencies

reported. It singled out the return of Sarajevo suburbs to
Bosnian

government control and the setting up of a corridor to Gorazde as

particularly unacceptable. The parliament set down its views in
ten points

that included limiting opposition to the agreement to peaceful
means and

urging the population to stay put, the BBC said. Civilian leader
Radovan

Karadzic called the pact "a general defeat for the Serbs"
because of the

territorial provisions. The assembly demanded that the Serbs get
an outlet

to the sea at Neum, as well as Croatia's Prevlaka peninsula that
controls

access to Montenegro's Bay of Kotor. -- Patrick Moore



KARADZIC CLINGS TO POWER. The legislators meeting in Jahorina on
17

December called for the right to unite with rump Yugoslavia in a
single

state, even though several speakers implied that Serbian
President Slobodan

Milosevic had betrayed the Serbs of Bosnia and Croatia. The
assembly also

authorized its leaders to negotiate a deployment agreement with
NATO, news

agencies reported. The Dayton agreement bans the Bosnian Serb
civilian

leader and his military counterpart, General Ratko Mladic, from
public

office as indicted war criminals. Karadzic nonetheless showed no
sign of

preparing to abandon power willingly, and reshuffled his cabinet
to

strengthen the position of his hard-line loyalists. New
appointees include

Velibor Ostojic, who has been linked to "ethnic cleansing," as
deputy prime

minister, and security chief Dragan Kijac as interior minister.
-- Patrick

Moore



SERBIAN HELSINKI COMMITTEE ACCUSES BELGRADE OF OPPRESSING
MINORITIES. The

Serbian Helsinki Committee, in its annual report released on 15
December,

concludes that minorities in Serbia are subject to repression,

discrimination, and "ethnic cleansing," according to AFP on 18
December.

The report charges Serbian authorities with maltreatment,
torture, and

hostage-taking. It also accuse them of staging political trials
in Kosovo,

while noting that residents are also subject to pressure from
the Kosovar

shadow state. With regard to Vojvodina, the report concludes
that the

ethnic Hungarian community may eventually disappear due to
discrimination.

Some 30,000 young Hungarians have fled the country to avoid the
military

draft, while dozens of families have been turned out of their
homes to make

room for Croatian Serb refugees. Of the 250,000 Croats living in
Vojvodina,

45,000 have been expelled since 1991. The report adds that
Croatian Serb

refugees have not been treated in accordance with international

conventions. -- Fabian Schmidt



CROATIAN OPPOSITION FILES SUIT AGAINST GOVERNMENT. Some 45
members of

Croatia's seven opposition parties have sent a request to the

Constitutional Court to determine if decisions taken by
government on the

constituent session of the Zagreb city and county assemblies
were in

accordance with the constitution. They have also filed a suit
asking the

court to annul those decisions, Hina reported on 16 December. The

government earlier this month declared that the
opposition-dominated

assemblies had not been properly constituted; and it claimed the
measures

they passed were illegal because there was no quorum following
the boycott

by deputies from the ruling party. President Franjo Tudjman at a
16

December press conference said the state authorities could not
allow the

Zagreb government to fall into the hands of enemies of state
policy. The

opposition leaders rejected his accusations and signed a joint
statement on

what they called the political crisis in Zagreb. -- Daria Sito
Sucic





