<Body Text>=============================================

<Body Text>NY TIMES...11/23: 

<Body Text>

<Body Text>Special Report: 21 Days in Dayton

<Body Text>

<Body Text>Nov 23, 1995

<Body Text>

<Body Text>By ELAINE SCIOLINO, ROGER COHEN and STEPHEN ENGELBERG 

<Body Text>

<Body Text>

<Body Text>   WASHINGTON - The wine was drunk, a lavish lobster
dinner eaten, and it was

<Body Text>time to resolve one of the most delicate issues in
the Bosnian peace talks:

<Body Text>the creation of a route for the Bosnian government
from Sarajevo through

<Body Text>Bosnian-Serb territory to the beleaguered Muslim
enclave of Gorazde. 

<Body Text>

<Body Text>   President Slobodan Milosevic of Serbia made his
way to a high-tech

<Body Text>auditorium to play Powerscene, the Pentagon's
computer mapping program that

<Body Text>reproduces terrain on a vast movie screen. The
Serbian leader was adamant

<Body Text>that the corridor could be no more than two miles
wide. 

<Body Text>

<Body Text>   Gen. Wesley K. Clark, the senior American military
official at the

<Body Text>negotiations, whisked Milosevic off on an imaginary
aerial tour of the region

<Body Text>to show why such a narrow corridor made no strategic
sense. "As you see, God

<Body Text>did not put the mountains two miles apart," Clark
said. 

<Body Text>

<Body Text>   Milosevic downed a large whisky, considered this
geophysical fact, and the

<Body Text>deal on a five-mile-wide corridor was consummated. It
became known as the

<Body Text>"Scotch Road." 

<Body Text>

<Body Text>   Throughout the 21 days of talks at
Wright-Patterson Air Force Base outside

<Body Text>Dayton, from the wary chill of the opening to the
sleep-deprived marathon and

<Body Text>near collapse at the end, the American negotiators
established a remarkable

<Body Text>rapport with Milosevic. The Muslim-led Bosnian
government, which the

<Body Text>Americans initially saw as their friend and the
victim of the war, ended up

<Body Text>not fitting into the fraternal Realpolitik in which
negotiators cut through

<Body Text>days of stalemate over slugs of whisky. 

<Body Text>

<Body Text>   The Bosnians, convinced after years of Serbian
barbarity against Muslim

<Body Text>civilians that they were merely defending their
homeland, ended up being

<Body Text>badgered into agreement. By the end American
officials spoke with

<Body Text>disappointment and anger of what they saw as the
vacillation, internal

<Body Text>conflicts and sometimes cynical maneuvering of
Bosnian officials. 

<Body Text>

<Body Text>   The only party more isolated than the Bosnian
Muslims was the delegation

<Body Text>of Bosnian Serbs. Although their cooperation is
essential for any peace plan

<Body Text>to succeed, the Bosnian Serbs were not shown any of
the proposed peace maps

<Body Text>until a few hours before the talks ended. Their three
representatives in

<Body Text>Dayton, kept out of the actual talks because
Milosevic insisted on

<Body Text>representing them, spent most of the three weeks
sitting around trying to

<Body Text>find out what was going on. 

<Body Text>

<Body Text>   For four days at the end, arguments raged, nerves
were frayed, sleep was

<Body Text>scarce, and failure often looked certain. Just two
hours before an agreement

<Body Text>was finally announced, the Clinton administration
drafted a statement

<Body Text>explaining the collapse of the talks. 

<Body Text>

<Body Text>   Progressively, the niceties of international
intercourse were abandoned.

<Body Text>At one point, Warren Christopher, the unfailingly
polite secretary of state,

<Body Text>started yelling at the president of Bosnia when he
accused him of breaking

<Body Text>his word. At another, Richard Holbrooke, the chief
American negotiator,

<Body Text>grabbed the prime minister of Bosnia by the shoulder
after he disappeared for

<Body Text>a snack at a critical moment. 

<Body Text>

<Body Text>   Meeting rooms and corridors became
popcorn-littered expanses reeking of

<Body Text>stale fast food. Versailles it was not. 

<Body Text>

<Body Text>   The result of this careening enterprise was an
improvised settlement that

<Body Text>is at once a tribute to the force of revived American
diplomacy in the

<Body Text>Balkans and an unfinished road map for peace that is
ridden with the

<Body Text>potential for confusion and conflict. 

<Body Text>

<Body Text>   It is founded on uneasy relationships, whose
evolution will become a

<Body Text>crucial issue as President Clinton tries to convince
Congress and the

<Body Text>American people that 20,000 American troops will have
to go to Bosnia to

<Body Text>enforce the peace. 

<Body Text>

<Body Text>   The scenario looks potentially menacing: A Bosnian
government lacking any

<Body Text>real conviction about a peace it resisted until the
very last moment, and

<Body Text>potentially restive Bosnian Serbs who were kept
largely in the dark about the

<Body Text>settlement. 

<Body Text>

<Body Text>   "We have to have the strategic consent of all the
parties," Clark said.

<Body Text>"We will not go in as an invasion force." That
consent, it is clear, has not

<Body Text>yet been secured. 

<Body Text>

<Body Text>   The tone for the talks was set at the outset on
Nov. 1. Despite pleas by

<Body Text>Christopher to discard a bitter past and build a
future for the children of

<Body Text>the Balkans, all the antipathy, suspicion, and
mistrust among Milosevic,

<Body Text>President Alija Izetbegovic of Bosnia, and President
Franjo Tudjman of

<Body Text>Croatia, were evident in the perfunctory handshakes
and averted eyes that

<Body Text>marked the opening ceremony. 

<Body Text>

<Body Text>   American officials, led by Holbrooke, spent much
of the first week trying

<Body Text>to dispel this tension by creating a convivial
atmosphere in the small

<Body Text>quadrangle or red-brick buildings where the
delegations were housed - a

<Body Text>tactic that they used throughout the talks. 

<Body Text>

<Body Text>   At one point, the Americans gave a dinner in the
shadow of a massive

<Body Text>B-52 bomber at the Air Force Museum at which a
military band played Glenn

<Body Text>Miller, but not everyone was in the mood. At another,
Holbrooke and

<Body Text>Tudjman worked on a formula for one outstanding
territorial dispute

<Body Text>between Serbs and Croats for eastern Slavonia, the
last remaining area of

<Body Text>Croatia in Serbian hands, between sets of tennis. At
still another,

<Body Text>Milosevic, the man responsible for starting the war
in the first place,

<Body Text>sidled up to the piano in the Officers' Club to sing
"Tenderly." 

<Body Text>

<Body Text>   But underneath the veneer of politesse, the
American negotiating strategy

<Body Text>was clear: first, strengthen the Muslim-Croat
federation to present a united

<Body Text>front to the Serbs on the critical question of land
in Bosnia; then settle

<Body Text>the one outstanding territorial dispute between Serbs
and Croats to increase

<Body Text>the pressure on the Bosnian government to choose
peace. 

<Body Text>

<Body Text>   Finally, with a mixture of economic blandishments
and displays of American

<Body Text>power, persuade all the parties that this was the
last, best chance to put

<Body Text>the barbarity of Yugoslavia's destruction behind
them. 

<Body Text>

<Body Text>   But problems were immediately apparent. 

<Body Text>

<Body Text>   Izetbegovic, a devout man with a distant gaze who
was twice imprisoned by

<Body Text>the communist authorities of the former Yugoslavia
for leading movements of

<Body Text>Muslim protest, kept a reserved distance. He
preferred to eat alone; he never

<Body Text>talked of the future or economic reconstruction; and
to American officials,

<Body Text>he seemed strangely unmoved by the suffering of his
people. 

<Body Text>

<Body Text>   Of course, the Bosnian president felt he was being
asked to give away half

<Body Text>his country to the Bosnian Serbs who had repeatedly
massacred and abused

<Body Text>Muslim civilians in pursuit of their dream of
secession. 

<Body Text>

<Body Text>   American officials, however, felt that the
70-year-old Bosnian president

<Body Text>was missing the point. If peace really took hold, if
money poured in, if the

<Body Text>West was firmly behind the reconstruction of
Sarajevo, then the old divisions

<Body Text>might fall away. Rather than losing half of Bosnia,
the Bosnian government

<Body Text>might ultimately have a hope of gaining something
inaccessible through more

<Body Text>war: a unified and multi-ethnic state. 

<Body Text>

<Body Text>   "Izetbegovic was occasionally animated in front of
maps, but never before

<Body Text>suffering or the prospect of rebuilding his country,"
an American official

<Body Text>said. "He's a very stubborn, very elusive man." 

<Body Text>

<Body Text>   Negotiating with the top Bosnian delegates was
further complicated by the

<Body Text>fact that they seldom saw eye to eye. Izetbegovic,
Prime Minister Haris

<Body Text>Silajdzic, and Foreign Minister Muhamed Sacirbey
became known as "Izzy,

<Body Text>Silly, and Mo." Their spats were interminable and
often vitriolic. 

<Body Text>

<Body Text>   When an American official suggested that Silajdzic
might constitute the

<Body Text>"swing vote" in this shifting cast, a furious
Sacirbey screamed at Holbrooke,

<Body Text>"There's only one swing vote here, and that's the
president." 

<Body Text>

<Body Text>   For much of the time the prime minister and the
foreign minister would not

<Body Text>speak to each other. Occasionally, Silajdzic would
disappear for a prolonged

<Body Text>sulk. Just what, if any, shared objective the three
men had was almost

<Body Text>impossible for the American team to assess. 

<Body Text>

<Body Text>   Milosevic, whose vitriolic nationalism unleashed
the Balkan wars in 1991,

<Body Text>was the exact opposite. 

<Body Text>

<Body Text>   His determination to get three-year-old trade
sanctions on Serbia lifted

<Body Text>made him flexible; his taste for drink and hearty
meals made him accessible;

<Body Text>his utter domination of the Serbian delegation made
him, as one person at the

<Body Text>talks put it, "one-stop shopping." 

<Body Text>

<Body Text>   For much of the time, moreover, he was trading
land that was not his but

<Body Text>held by the Bosnian Serb leader, Radovan Karadzic, a
personal rival of

<Body Text>Milosevic. This tended to make the Serbian president
unusually amenable, even

<Body Text>over issues as complex as Sarajevo, a city, he once
confided to one American

<Body Text>official, "that Izetbegovic has earned through what
happened in this war." 

<Body Text>

<Body Text>   As for Tudjman, the Croatian president, he had
arrived in Dayton already a

<Body Text>victor. Having retaken all but eastern Slavonia from
the Serbs through

<Body Text>military conquests over the last six months, he had
relatively limited

<Body Text>concerns. 

<Body Text>

<Body Text>   His instructions from the Clinton administration
were clear: honor the

<Body Text>nominal alliance with the Muslims in Bosnia and
resolve eastern Slavonia

<Body Text>through diplomacy as the price for continuing
American support for Croatia. A

<Body Text>man whose shrewd instincts have often been
underestimated, Tudjman was ready

<Body Text>to oblige. 

<Body Text>

<Body Text>   By Nov. 10, nine days after the conference began,
an agreement to

<Body Text>strengthen the strained Muslim-Croat federation was
ready. 

<Body Text>

<Body Text>   It was more theater than substance, since the real
issues between Muslims

<Body Text>and Croats will be solved only on the ground where
mutual suspicion is still

<Body Text>rampant after the 1993 war. But it did at least open
the way for discussion

<Body Text>to turn to the more serious issue of eastern
Slavonia. 

<Body Text>

<Body Text>   Christopher, on the second of his four visits to
the conference, spent

<Body Text>most of his time on this question. The conflict
between Serbs and Croats had

<Body Text>come down to this: should there be a transitional
period of one year, as

<Body Text>favored by Tudjman, or two years, as favored by
Milosevic, before the

<Body Text>restoration of full Croatian sovereignty over the
Serbian-occupied area. 

<Body Text>

<Body Text>   "Let's call it 12 months of transitional rule,
plus a second period not to

<Body Text>exceed the first period," Christopher suggested. That
way, the only number

<Body Text>the volatile Tudjman would hear and have to relay to
his people was the one

<Body Text>he wanted to hear: a single year. Meanwhile,
Milosevic could call it two

<Body Text>years. 

<Body Text>

<Body Text>   The two men, whose sparring for territory and
hate-filled propaganda

<Body Text>propelled Yugoslavia toward disintegration, reviewed
the matter for about an

<Body Text>hour. Then they came into Holbrook's suite, sat
together on the sofa, and

<Body Text>Tudjman said: "Mr. Secretary, we've solved eastern
Slavonia." 

<Body Text>

<Body Text>   The breakthrough was not announced till Sunday,
Nov. 12, in Zagreb, the

<Body Text>Croatian capital, because a few local details had to
be worked out. But it

<Body Text>immediately set an upbeat tone as the talks moved
into what officials hoped

<Body Text>would be the final few days. 

<Body Text>

<Body Text>   When Carl Bildt, the European representative,
asked Milosevic about the

<Body Text>remaining Bosnian problems after the accord, he waved
his arm dismissively.

<Body Text>"The rest is nothing," Milosevic said. "I will take
care of it. The war is

<Body Text>over now." 

<Body Text>

<Body Text>   This remark reflected the Serbian president's
intimate conviction that

<Body Text>Serbs and Croats set the terms in the Balkans, while
the Muslims are a mere

<Body Text>side show. It was thus in 1991, when Milosevic and
Tudjman agreed to carve up

<Body Text>Bosnia. He believed it was thus still in 1995. But
three years of struggling

<Body Text>to survive had given the Bosnian government a
stubborn new conviction. 

<Body Text>

<Body Text>   Even as the participants exchanged congratulations
at the initialing

<Body Text>ceremony, the signs of discord were evident. The
Bosnian Serbs, enraged that

<Body Text>Milosevic had negotiated without them, boycotted the
ceremony. 

<Body Text>

<Body Text>   They were fuming at the agreement's military
annex, which, they told

<Body Text>Bildt, the representative of the European Union, made
the NATO troops an

<Body Text>"occupying force." 

<Body Text>

<Body Text>   Just as serious was the way Milosevic had ceded
Sarajevo to the Bosnian

<Body Text>government. The Bosnian Serbs did not realize until
the morning of the

<Body Text>ceremony that they had lost the Sarajevo suburbs of
Grbavica, Ilidza,

<Body Text>Vogosca, and Ilijas, which they have defended with an
iron will since the

<Body Text>beginning of the war. Milosevic had purposely
withheld this information,

<Body Text>telling American negotiators: "I'll only show them
the map at the end." 

<Body Text>

<Body Text>   Shortly after midnight, hours after Christopher,
the Europeans and the

<Body Text>three Balkan presidents had flown out of Dayton for
good, a group of Bosnian

<Body Text>Serbs who stayed behind turned up at the base's
military headquarters to

<Body Text>confront Clark about Sarajevo. 

<Body Text>

<Body Text>   Huddling over a map in the auditorium where the
Powerscreen mapping system

<Body Text>operates, the Bosnian Serbs politely but firmly
explained how Milosevic had

<Body Text>given their roads and neighborhoods away. 

<Body Text>

<Body Text>   "The red line is Milosevic's," Clark patiently
explained. "You can't

<Body Text>change it. It's agreed." 

<Body Text>

<Body Text>   "It may be Milosevic's line," one of the Bosnian
Serbs said, "But it's our

<Body Text>road." 

<Body Text>

<Body Text>   "The line doesn't mean anything anyway," the
general continued. "Freedom

<Body Text>of movement is guaranteed." 

<Body Text>

<Body Text>   The Serbs were dubious. Finally, Clark said: "It's
best to let it alone

<Body Text>for now and allow this to sort itself out." 

<Body Text>

<Body Text>   But the problem of Sarajevo remained far from
sorted out. The mountain

<Body Text>road overlooking the city's southern edge - a road
from which the Serbs have

<Body Text>regularly shelled the city over the last 43 months -
is a road that NATO

<Body Text>troops are supposed to patrol in a few weeks. 

<Body Text>

<Body Text>   "Now for the hard part," said James Pardew, a
senior Pentagon official who

<Body Text>witnessed the exchange. "The glory's over." 

<Body Text>

<Body Text>

<Body Text>Copyright 1995 The New York Times

<Body
Text>____________________________________________________________
____________

<Body Text>

<Body Text>Opinions expressed/published on BosNews/BosNet-B do
NOT necessarily 

<Body Text>always reflect the views of (all of the members of)
Editorial Board, 

<Body Text>and/or moderators, nor any of their host institutions.

<Body Text>

<Body Text>              Zeljko Bodulovic <ZelB@dwe.csiro.au>

<Body Text>              Dzevat Omeragic <Dzevat@ee.mcgill.ca>

<Body Text>              Davor  Wagner  <DWagner@mailbox.syr.edu>

<Body Text>              Nermin Zukic 
<N6Zukic@sms.business.uwo.ca>

<Body Text>

<Body Text>

<Body Text>

=================================================================
==

TODAY'S ISSUES==> TOPIC: MILITARY & ARMS      Ref: CFTI3231
Date: 11/24/95 From: STEVE SCHULTZ (Leader)                     
          Time: 02:53pm \/To: ALL                               
                 (Read 0 times) Subj: BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA UPDATE

Several meetings are planned around the signing of the agreement
in Paris. How to put the accords into effect will be discussed
in London Dec. 8 and 9, and weapons limits talks will be held in
Bonn shortly after. There is a N.A.T.O. foreign ministers
meeting in Brussels Dec. 5 and 6, and and O.S.C.E. meeting will
be held in Budapest Dec. 6 and 7.

More information is available on the 19 page military annex. All
traffic between Sarajevo and Gorazde will be under N.A.T.O.
control. All early-warning and air defense radars must be shut
down within 72 hours of the accord taking effect. Within 30
days, information on the number and location of all troops
within six miles of the buffer zone must be handed over, along
with any information on locations of land mines, unexploded
ordnance, and S.A.M. systems. Within 120 days, all M.B.T.s,
armored vehicles, artillery 75 mm and larger, and mortars 81 mm
and larger are to be moved to barracks or N.A.T.O. designated
areas. All equipment that cannot be moved must be made
inoperative.

13,000 personnel from the First Armored Division in Germany are
expected to go to Bosnia. Light infantry based in Italy or the
United States will be sent as well, along with 2,000 - 4,000
reservists to be port personnel, civil affiars specialists and
transportation crews. 800 Special Forces personnel are likely to
be deployed as well.

The U.N. Security Council on Wednesday voted, with Russian
abstaining, to suspend indefinately the arms embargo. Another,
unanimous resolution lifted the trade embargo on Serbia and
Montenegro. The arms embargo will be in place for 90 days after
the agreement is signed. After 90 days, lighter defensive
weapons will be allowed in but not heavier, offensive weapons.
At the end of 180 days, the embargo ends and the system for
reducing and controlling heavy weapons in the region goes into
effect. (Eric Schmitt, Craig R. Whitney, Christopher S.
Wren/N.Y.T.)

===============================================================

TODAY'S ISSUES==> TOPIC: MILITARY & ARMS      Ref: CFTJ2579
Date: 11/24/95 From: STEVE SCHULTZ (Leader)                     
          Time: 03:42pm \/To: ALL                               
                 (Read 0 times) Subj: BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA UPDATE

The Bosnian Serbs agreed last night to abide by the peace
agreement. They have reportedly "fully accepted" it and
initialled it in Belgrade last night.

25 countries have committed troops for peacekeeping in Bosnia.
(Reuters and Raymond Bonner/N.Y.T.)





==============================================================

TODAY'S ISSUES==> TOPIC: MILITARY & ARMS      Ref: CFWK2875 Date: 11/27/95
From: STEVE SCHULTZ (Leader)                                Time: 04:47pm
\/To: ALL                                                 (Read 0 times)
Subj: BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA UPDATE

Groups of people in Sarajevo have begun to stone and flip over U.N.
vehicles passing through Serbian sections of the city. One public
demonstration was prevented yeserday in Ilidza, a suburb, as it was feared
that it could turn violent. Security forces are not sure that they will be
able to prevent another protest called for tomorrow. (Chris Hedges/N.Y.T.)

=================================================================

TODAY'S ISSUES==> TOPIC: MILITARY & ARMS      Ref: CFYM0113 Date: 11/29/95
From: STEVE SCHULTZ (Leader)                                Time: 06:01pm
\/To: ALL                                                 (Read 2 times)
Subj: OPERATION JOINT ENDEAVOR

Operation Joint Endeavor is the name of the N.A.T.O. peacekeeping mission
in the former Yugoslavia.

N.A.T.O. and Russia agreed yesterday in principle to send 1,500 Russian
Army troops to the area. The 1,300 troops in Eastern Slavonia will be left
there, and an additional 1,000 may be brought in later. The troops will
likely serve with U.S. forces in the Posavina Corridor. In addition, a
consultative committee will be set up to deal with political disagreements
that might arise within the peacekeeping force.

Germany proposed yesterday to send 4,000 troops, mostly logistics,
medical, and transport units. They would be stationed in Croatia.

The first U.S. troops to be sent, 500 - 700, will likely be heading for
the area next week to prepare for the main force. (Craig R.
Whitney/N.Y.T.)

===========================================================

TODAY'S ISSUES==> TOPIC: MILITARY & ARMS      Ref: CFZM0032
Date: 11/30/95 From: STEVE SCHULTZ (Leader)                     
          Time: 06:00pm \/To: ALL                               
                 (Read 3 times) Subj: OPERATION JOINT ENDEAVOR
UPDATE

The peace agreement will be signed at Elyse Palace, Paris, on
Dec. 14.

The United Kingdom will send about 13,000 troops to the area for
peacekeeping operations.

The first U.S. troops have arrived in Bosnia. Ten members of an
Army reconnaissance unit visited Kalesija to survey roads and
airstrips near Tuzla. (A.P. and Craig R. Whitney/N.Y.T.)





====================================================================
TODAY'S ISSUES==> TOPIC: MILITARY & ARMS      Ref: CG1N3033 Date: 12/01/95
From: STEVE SCHULTZ (Leader)                                Time: 07:50pm
\/To: ALL                                                 (Read 16 times)
Subj: OPERATION JOINT ENDEAVOR UPDATE

The troops predicted to be involved in IFOR (Implementation Force) break
down as follows:

Belgium - 1,000. About 700 in Eastern Slavonia remain. Rest are logistics
          forces.
Canada - 1,200 - 1,500. Battalion of 1,250 currently there may remain.
Denmark - 1,000. One infantry battalion will be in the Nordic Brigade.
          Units now there will transfer authority.
France - 7,500 - 10,000. About 7,500 there now. Would form two mechanized
         brigades commanding Sarajevo Sector. About 2,500 outside area for
         air/sealift.
Germany - 4,000 - 5,000. Combat support in Croatia, primarily Split,
          Zadar, and Sibenik. Transportation battalion, engineer
          battalion, logistics battalion, army air regiment, medical
          brigade.
Italy - 2,100. Garibaldi Briagde, a reinforced mechanized infantry brigade
        with special paratrooper forces, military police, armor, fire
        support, logistics and medical.
Luxembourg - 300. Company.
the Netherlands - 2,000. 1,600 now there.
Norway - 750. Now there, to be part of Nordic Brigade. Engineering
         company, military police company, medical company, logistics
         battalion.
Portugal - 300 - 900. One to three companies.
Spain - 1,000 - 1,500. Reinforced battalion.
Turkey - 1,000. 965 now in area.
United Kingdom - 14,000. Command Western Sector. Some now there.
Nordic Brigade - Infantry battalion from Poland, TAC from Denmark,
                 headquarters from Denmark, engineering company from
                 Norway, infantry battalion from Denmark, logistic
                 battalion from Norway, infantry battalion from Sweden,
                 military police company from Norway, infantry battalion
                 from Finland, medical company from Norway.

Non-N.A.T.O. members:

Austria - 300.
Bangladesh - 1,250. Now there.
Egypt - possible
Estonia - possible
Finland - 850.
Czech Republic - 800. Combat battalion.
Hungary - Support facilities.
Ukraine - possible
Malaysia - possible
Latvia - possible
Lithuania - possible
New Zealand - small force.
Pakistan - 1,000.
Poland - 800.
Slovakia - possible
Sweden - 1,000.
Russia - 1,500 - 2,500.

Overall force composition headquarters Sarajevo.

French Division Headquarters, Mostar Area of Responsibility, eastern
     Bosnia. Commanding 13,500 troops.
United Kingdom Division Headquarters, Gornji Vakuf Area of Responsibility,
     western Bosnia. Commanding 12,000 - 14,000 troops.
United States Division Headquarters, Tuzla Area of Responsibility,
     north/northeast Bosnia. Commanding 12,000 - 20,000 troops.

Senate Majority Leader Bob Dole (R-Kansas) and Sen. John McCain (R-Ariz.)
announced yesterday that they would support the U.S. mission in Bosnia.
Dole said he was drafting a resolution supporting the mission, with
conditions intended to bring forces home quickly, and hopes to vote late
next week or early the next. The resolution states troops will only engage
in military activities and seeks a committment from President Clinton that
the Bosnoan Government will be able to defend itself when the force leaves
in about a year.

The U.N. Security Council yesterday voted unanimously on three
resolutions. Peacekeeping operations in Bosnia will end Jan. 31, and
Secretary General Boutros Boutros-Ghali is to report by Dec. 14 on a
transitional administration and peacekeeping force there. The operation in
Croatia will end Jan. 15. The operation in Macedonia was extended six
months, to the end of May. 1,105 personnel are there, about 500 of them
U.S. personnel. (DoD; Elaine Sciolino and Christopher S. Wren/N.Y.T.)

=======================================================

                            [OMRI Daily Digest]

                      Vol. 1, No. 233, 1 December 1995



U.S. REJECTS FRENCH CALL FOR REVISING BOSNIAN PEACE PLAN.
International

media on 1 December reported that top American officials have
again stated

that the Dayton agreement cannot be changed. Their fear is
clearly that

tampering with any one aspect of the accord would open a
Pandora's box of

additional demands for revisions. The French UN commander in
Sarajevo,

General Jean-Rene Bachelet, told a French daily that the peace
plan is

flawed because it offers the Serbs of Sarajevo little choice but
to flee.

He suggested that the Serbs would destroy what they could not
take along

with them and that the Americans had rushed the treaty through
for domestic

political reasons. Other French officials warned that France
wants its

downed pilots returned before the agreement is signed. The
International

Herald Tribune quoted EU mediator Carl Bildt as saying that the
agreement

should not be revised but that the Bosnian government should
give special

guarantees of safety to the Serbs. -- Patrick Moore



STILL NEARLY 3,000 CROATS "MISSING." As part of its
normalization of

relations with Serbia, Croatia is expecting cooperation in
clarifying the

fate of those Croats who have disappeared, mainly during
Serbia's war

against Croatia in 1991. Some 1,400 persons are unaccounted for
from

Vukovar and another 500 from the Banija region, the Frankfurter
Allgemeine

Zeitung reported on 1 December. Croatian authorities said the
missing

people seem to have been moved around throughout various
Serb-held parts of

the former Yugoslavia to hide traces of their whereabouts and to
mask

responsibility for their fate. The Croatian authorities continue
to find

mass graves in the areas they retook in their lightning
offensives this

year; they fear that more exist as far away as Sremska Mitrovica
and

Belgrade. Some Croats who have been freed said they were
subjected to

torture and dangerous forced labor. -- Patrick Moore



UN EXTENDS MANDATE IN FORMER YUGOSLAVIA. The UN Security Council
on 30

November extended the mandates of its missions in the former
Yugoslavia,

Western agencies reported. Those mandates were due to expire the
same day.

The UN peacekeepers will remain in Croatia for another 45 days,
in Bosnia

two months, and in Macedonia six months. NATO troops are
expected to be

deployed in the region by mid-January. Discussions continue over
the

composition of the multinational force to be deployed in eastern
Slavonia.

According to the UN resolution on Croatia, UN Secretary-General
Boutros

Boutros Ghali has to report to the council by 14 December on a

"transitional peacekeeping force" in that country. -- Michael
Mihalka



SILAJDZIC DISMISSES CHIRAC'S CALLS FOR SERBIAN GUARANTEES.
Bosnian Prime

Minister Haris Silajdzic has dismissed the French president's
calls for

more guarantees for Serbs living in Sarajevo suburbs (see OMRI
Daily

Digest, 30 November 1995), saying that they enjoy the same
rights as other

citizens, Reuters reported on 30 November. The BBC quoted
Bosnian Radio on

1 December as reporting that President Alija Izetbegovic has
told the

parliament that the full safety of civilians will be guaranteed,
just as

there will be punishment for those who have been killing the
residents of

Sarajevo for 44 months. Meanwhile, AFP on 30 November reported
that a

rocket fired from the Serb-held Nedarici area of Sarajevo
crashed into a

building in a government-controlled area but caused no
casualties. In

another development, the pro-government Serbian Civic Council
called on the

international community to open offices in Serb-held districts
of Sarajevo

and to appoint a mediator to oversee the implementation of the
peace

agreement there. -- Daria Sito Sucic



BOSNIA, GREECE ESTABLISH DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS. Muhamed Sacirbey
and Karolos

Papoulias, the foreign ministers of Bosnia-Herzegovina and
Greece, on 30

November initialed a document establishing diplomatic relations
between the

two countries, AFP reported. The agreement was initialed in
Sarajevo in the

presence of Iranian Foreign Minister Ali Akbar Velayati. Greece
was one of

the most outspoken supporters of Serbia during the conflict in
the former

Yugoslavia. -- Stefan Krause



SLOVENIA-RUMP YUGOSLAVIA NORMALIZE RELATIONS? Nasa Borba on 1
December

reported that on the previous day Slovenia became the first
republic of the

former Yugoslavia to recognize the rump Yugoslavia. The
announcement was

made by Slovenian Foreign Minister Zoran Thaler and was
described as

"unexpected" by the Belgrade state-controlled media. Ljubljana
has also

resolved to lift the trade embargo imposed on Belgrade, AFP
reported. The

Slovenian government's decision is to be submitted on 1 December
to the

parliament for discussion and ratification. -- Stan Markotich





================================================================

TODAY'S ISSUES==> TOPIC: MILITARY & ARMS      Ref: CG2G2999 Date: 12/02/95
From: STEVE SCHULTZ (Leader)                                Time: 12:49pm
\/To: ALL                                                 (Read 15 times)
Subj: NEW N.A.T.O. SECRETARY GENERAL

N.A.T.O. yesterday named Spanish Foreign Minister Javier Solana as the
next Secretary General. Solana, a 53 year old Socialist, is expected to be
formally appointed next week. He is a physicist who keeps up with
solid-state physics when not working. Before his present position, he was
Minister of Culture and Minister of Education. A militant Socialist in his
youth, he opposed U.S. military bases in Spain and Spain's membership in
N.A.T.O. His appointment will deeply affect Spanish politics. A close
friend of Prime Minister Felipe Gonzalez, he was believed to be Gonzalez's
likely successor as head of the Socialist Party and its candidate if
Gonzalez does not run in March.

Several U.S. Republican senators - Bob Dole, Jesse Helms, John McCain,
Paul Coverdell, Strom Thurmond and Olympia Snowe - signed a letter to
President Clinton yesterday opposing Solana, calling him "a dedicated
Socilist with an extensive public record in opposition to N.A.T.O."
(Marlise Simons/N.Y.T.)

===================================================================

TODAY'S ISSUES==> TOPIC: MILITARY & ARMS      Ref: CG2G3540 Date: 12/02/95
From: STEVE SCHULTZ (Leader)                                Time: 12:59pm
\/To: ALL                                                 (Read 15 times)
Subj: OPERATION JOINT ENDEAVOR UPDATE

N.A.T.O. yesterday approved sending 2,600 personnel to Bosnia as a
preparatory enabling force.

President Clinton will meet Monday with relief and human rights
organizations to discuss the Bosnian operation. It has been announced that
the O.S.C.E. will assume responsibility for organizing elections in
Bosnia.

The division of Mostar "ended" yesterday, as residents were allowed to go
between the Croatian and Muslim halves. It is the first time they have
been able to do so in more than two years. (A.P., Eric Schmitt and Marlise
Simons/N.Y.T.)

=================================================================

TODAY'S ISSUES==> TOPIC: MILITARY & ARMS      Ref: CG3H2638 Date: 12/03/95
From: STEVE SCHULTZ (Leader)                                Time: 01:43pm
\/To: ALL                                                 (Read 11 times)
Subj: OPERATION JOINT ENDEAVOR UPDATE

The first U.S. troops heading to Bosnia will get orders early this week.
Reportedly, about 700 troops are to begin heading there via Hungary
starting tomorrow. However, that report has not been confirmed.

Bosnian Government officials said yesterday that the French forces in
Sarajevo could not be depended on and should be replaced by U.S. troops
when the N.A.T.O. force arrives. Minister for Relations with the United
Nations Hasan Muratovic said that the government may ask the French to
leave entirely. The announcement came after the publication of comments by
GEN Jean-Rene Bachelet, the French commander of peacekeepers in the area,
who said that the Dayton accord is a political ploy by the United States
that will be unworkable around the city unless Serbs get additional
guarantees. The statements were made in the French newspaper Ouest-France.

In his first public comments on the accord, carried by the Bosnian Serb
news agency, Bosnian Serb military leader GEN Ratko Mladic said yesterday
that certian parts would have to be renegotiated. He particularly noted
the status of Serbian suburbs of Sarajevo. (Reuters, Todd S. Purdum, and
Kit R. Roane/N.Y.T.)

====================================================================

TODAY'S ISSUES==> TOPIC: MILITARY & ARMS      Ref: CG4K2164 Date: 12/04/95
From: STEVE SCHULTZ (Leader)                                Time: 04:36pm
\/To: ALL                                                 (Read 0 times)
Subj: OPERATION JOINT ENDEAVOR UPDATE

The first U.S. troops have received their orders for deployment. About 700
U.S. Army communications and logistics personnel will deploy from Germany
to Bosnia. They will go by rail to staging areas in Taszar, Hungary,
starting today and then by road to Bosnia.

The following U.S. Army units have been identified for potential
deployment in whole or in part:

4th Battalion, 325th Parachute Infantry Regiment, Fort Bragg, N.C.

362nd Engineer Company, Fort Bragg

586th Engineer Company (Float Bridge), Fort Benning, Ga.

54th Quartermaster Company, Fort Lee, Va.

41st Explosive Ordnance Disposal Detachment, Fort Bliss, Texas

61st Explosive Ordnance Disposal Detachment, Fort Sill, Okla.

546th Explosive Ordnance Control Team, Fort Sam Houston, Texas

84th Combat Stress Detachment, Fort Carson, Colo.

102nd Quartermaster Company (Petroleum, Oil, Lubricants), Fort Campbell,
     Ky.

403rd Transportation Company, Fort Bragg

55th Signal Company (Combat Camera), Fort Meade, Md.

319th Military Intelligence Battalion, Fort Bragg (J.S.T.A.R.S.)

303rd Military Intelligence Battalion, Fort Hood, Texas

55th Engineer Company (Medium Girder Bridge), Fort Riley, Kan.

4th Psychological Operations Group, Fort Bragg

96th Civil Affairs Battalion, Fort Bragg

10th Special Forces Group, Fort Carson

528th Special Operations Support Battalion, Fort Bragg

112th Special Operations Signal Battalion, Fort Bragg

3rd Battalion, 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment, Hunter Army
     Airfield, Ga.

1st Special Forces Group, Fort Lewis, Wash.

5th Special Forces Group, Fort Campbell

(DoD; Matthew L. Wald/N.Y.T.)

==============================================================

                            [OMRI Daily Digest]

                      Vol. 1, No. 234, 4 December 1995



FRENCH COMMANDER IN SARAJEVO RECALLED. The French minister of
defense has

called home General Jean-Rene Bachelet following the latter's
remarks to

journalists critical of the Dayton agreement (see OMRI Daily
Digest, 1

December 1995). Nasa Borba on 4 December reported that the
statements put

the general in the same camp as "Serbian extremists" and provoked

incomprehension from the Bosnian authorities. The New York Times
on 3

December said that Hasan Muratovic, minister for relations with
the United

Nations, called for the French forces in Sarajevo to be replaced
by

Americans since the government now finds it difficult to trust
the French.

French Foreign Minister Herve de Charette tried to smooth things
over and

told AFP that his country "will have the means to enable the
Serbs of

Sarajevo to stay." Meanwhile, top U.S. officials have recently
stressed

that the Dayton agreement is final and that no changes can be
considered.

Their concern is that to discuss any one issue would permit the
reopening

of all others. -- Patrick Moore



GENERAL MLADIC REJECTS DAYTON AGREEMENT . . . International
media on 3

December reported that the Bosnian Serb military commander the
previous day

made his first public statements on the peace treaty. He said it
was

unacceptable because "some territories in which Serbs have lived
for

centuries have been handed over to the Croat-Muslim coalition.''
CNN showed

the internationally wanted war criminal reviewing smartly
dressed and

well-disciplined troops whom he told that "we cannot allow our
people to

come under the rule of butchers." The network also interviewed
U.S. Chief

of Staff General John Shalikashvili, who said that NATO troops
would not

conduct a house-to-house search for Mladic and other Bosnian
Serb war

criminals but would hand them over "to the civilian authorities"
if caught.

-- Patrick Moore



. . . BUT CLINTON EXPECTS MILOSEVIC TO BRING HIM INTO LINE. In
apparent

response to Mladic's implicit threats, President Bill Clinton on
3 December

said that "we fully expect that [Serbian] President [Slobodan]
Milosevic

will take the appropriate steps to ensure that the treaty will
be honored

as it is written, and that we will not have undue interference
with

implementing it," the International Herald Tribune reported. On
2 December,

the BBC said that Clinton again defended his call for U.S.
forces to help

enforce the Bosnian settlement. He said that the presidents of
Serbia,

Croatia, and Bosnia "asked us to help implement their peace
treaty." --

Patrick Moore



NATO AGREES TO SEND FORCES TO BOSNIA. The NATO Council, at a
meeting in

Brussels on 1 December, agreed to send a 2,600-strong "enabling"
force to

Bosnia to prepare for the deployment of the 60,000 troops
comprising the

NATO implementation force, Western agencies reported. U.S.
President Bill

Clinton the next day authorized the participation of the
700-strong U.S.

contingent. This is the first time that American troops will be
deployed in

Bosnia. The "enabling" force will prepare headquarters,
communications, and

transport sites in anticipation of the arrival of the main
force, expected

to take place after the peace treaty is signed in Paris later
this month.

-- Michael Mihalka



POLITICAL SHOWDOWN IN ZAGREB. Croatia's seven-party opposition
coalition on

2 December elected new officials to the Zagreb City Assembly
after deputies

from the ruling Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ) and the Croatian
Party of

Rights had walked out the previous day, international media
reported on 4

December. Hina quoted President Franjo Tudjman on 1 December as
saying that

he "cannot allow Zagreb, whose population constitutes a quarter
of the

whole of Croatia's, to get a city or county authority that would
oppose

state policy" and that "all democratic means" will be used to
prevent such

a scenario. The next day, HDZ members, who hold a third of the
city

assembly's 50 seats, walked out in an attempt to block an
opposition

coalition from taking power in Zagreb. Nonetheless, Zdravko
Tomac was

unanimously elected speaker of the assembly and Goran Granic
Zagreb mayor,

Novi List reported. Meanwhile, 10,000 Posavina Croats gathered
at a protest

rally in Zagreb on 2 December to demand an emergency session of
the

Croatian Assembly over the Dayton accord, the BBC reported on 4
December.

-- Daria Sito Sucic



SERBIAN OPPOSITION PARTY PURGES RANKS. BETA on 2 December
reported that the

Democratic Party (DS) voted to dismiss two prominent members
from its

ranks. Dragoljub Micunovic, former party president and member of
the

federal legislature, and Veselin Simonovic, a deputy in the
Serbian

legislature. DS Vice President Miodrag Perisic explained that
"the

[party's] main committee considered that through their recent
activities,

[the two men] had caused political harm to the party." Micunovic
responded

that the dismissals meant that from now on, the DS is a party
"without

either a soul or a brain." -- Stan Markotich





=================================================================
=

TODAY'S ISSUES==> TOPIC: MILITARY & ARMS      Ref: CG5N0822
Date: 12/05/95 From: STEVE SCHULTZ (Leader)                     
          Time: 07:13pm \/To: ALL                               
                 (Read 4 times) Subj: OPERATION JOINT ENDEAVOR



Two U.S.M.S.C. R.R.F. ships have been activated. They have left
Norfolk, Va., for Antwerp, Belgium, and possibly Marchwood,
United Kingdom, to load British military equipment and supplies.
The Cape Race-class Ro/Ro Cargo Ship M/V Cape Rise departed
Sunday and M/V Cape Race departed yesterday morning. They were
both activated Friday. The ships will arrive in Antwerp
mid-month, load cargo for two days, then sail for Split,
Croatia, and arrive in late December. The cargo is for the
Allied Command Europe Rapid Reaction Force.



The following U.S. Army Reserve and Army National Guard units
have been notified to begin training for possible deployment:



755th AG Postal Company, Army Reserve, Texarkana, Texas, 32
personnel

353rd Pyschological Operations Battalion, Army Reserve, Moffett
Field,     Calif., 34 personnel

7th Pyschological Operations Group, Army Reserve, Moffett Field,
Calif.,     2 personnel

209th Broadcast Public Affairs Detachment, Army Reserve, Rome,
Ga., 27     personnel

49th Military History Detachment, Army Reserve, Forrest Park,
Ill., 3     personnel

17th Psychological Operations Battalion, Army Reserve, Arlington
Heights,     Ill., 9 personnel

308th Civil Affairs Brigade, Army Reserve, Homewood, Ill.

186th Military Police Company, National Guard, Camp Dodge, Iowa,
125     personnel

102nd Military History Detachment, National Guard, Topeka, Kan.,
3 p     personnel

203rd Public Affairs Detachment, National Guard, Wichita, Kan.,
18     personnel

29th Public Affairs Detachment, National Guard, Baltimore, Md.,
18     personnel

126th Miltary History Detachment, National Guard, Worchester,
Mass., 3     personnel

210th Military Police Battalion, National Guard, Taylor, Mich.,
74     personnel

1776th Military Police Company, National Guard, Taylor, Mich.,
125     personnel

415th Civil Affairs Battalion, Army Reserve, Kalamazoo, Mich.

329th AG Poastal Company, Army Reserve, St. Paul, Minn., 32
personnel

114th Military Police Company, National Guard, Clinton, Miss.,
125     personnel

113th Military Police Company, National Guard, Brandon, Miss.,
125     personnel

1107th Aviation Classification and Repair Depot, National Guard,
    Springfield, Mo., 11 personnel

10th Pyschological Operations Battalion, Army Reserve, St.
Louis, Mo.

1137th Military Police Company, National Guard, Kennett, Mo.,
125     personnel

114th Public Affairs Detachment, National Guard, Manchester,
N.H., 18     personnel

361st Press Camp Headquarters, Army Reserve, Fort Totten, N.Y.,
28     personnel

353rd Civil Affairs Command, Army Reserve, Bronx, N.Y.

130th Military History Detachment, National Guard, Raleigh,
N.C., 3     personnel

326th Military History Detachment, Army Reserve, Columbus, Ohio,
3     personnel

23rd AG Postal Company, Army Reserve, Pittsburgh, Pa., 32
personnel

304th Civil Affairs Brigade, Army Reserve, Philadelphia, Pa.

113th Public Affairs Detachment, National Guard, San Juan, P.R.,
18     personnel

90th Military History Detachment, Army Reserve, San Antonio,
Texas, 3     personnel

358th Public Affairs Detachment, Army Reserve, Ft. Douglas,
Utah, 18     personnel

432nd Civil Affairs Brigade, Army Reserve, Green Bay, Wis.

152nd Military Police Detachment (P.O.W. Information Center),
National     Guard, Moundsville, W.V., 17 personnel

715th Public Affairs Detachment, National Guard, Washington,
D.C., 5     personnel

443rd Civil Affairs Battalion, Army Reserve, Warwick, R.I.

19th Special Forces Group, National Guard, Salt Lake City, Utah

20th Special Forces Group, National Guard, Birmingham, Ala.



The following U.S. Air Force units have been indentified for
possible deployment:



9th Reconnaissance Wing, 12th Air Force, Beale A.F.B., Calif.

823rd Civil Engineering Squadron (RED HORSE), Hurlburt Field,
Fla.

314th Operations Group, Little Rock A.F.B., Ark.

23rd Aeromedical Evacuation Squadron, Pope A.F.B., N.C.

55th Wing, 8th Air Force, Offutt A.F.B., Neb.



Three Royal Air Force Hercules C series aircraft landed in
Sarajevo yesterday with 28 N.A.T.O. personnel, including two
U.S. soldiers: Sgt. Matthew Chipman of Beardstown, Ill., and
Sgt. Todd Eichmann, of Kansas City, Mo. They will work on
communications.



In Split, 56 British communications personnel arrived from
Bruggen, Germany.



Bosnian Serbs said yesterday that they will hold a referendum
Dec. 12 on the peace accord.



735 U.S. personnel will be in or on their way to Bosnia by the
end of the week, with 730 headed to Croatia. In all, 20,000
personnel will be in Bosnia, 7,000 in Hungary and Italy, and
5,000 in Croatia, as well as naval forces and air personnel in
Italy. About 3,000 personnel will arrive by rail this week in
Kaposvar, Hungary, to set up a logistics and staging site.



GEN Jean-Rene Bachelet, French Army, who commanded the French
forces in Sarajevo, was recalled to Paris yesterday. (DoD and
Chris Hedges/N.Y.T.)



================================================================

TODAY'S ISSUES==> TOPIC: MILITARY & ARMS      Ref: CG5N2448
Date: 12/05/95 From: STEVE SCHULTZ (Leader)                     
          Time: 07:40pm \/To: ALL                               
                 (Read 2 times) Subj: ZAGREB HOSPITAL CLOSING



U.S. Hospital Zagreb at Camp Pleso, Croatia, will close as soon
as a replacement facility operated by the Czech Republic is
operational. This was expected today. The 127 U.S. personnel
will return to U.S. bases. All personnel and equipment will
likely be gone by Dec. 15. Since Aug. 3 the hospital has been
staffed by the 74th Medical Group (Provisional) of
Wright-Patterson, A.F.B., Ohio, commanded by COL (Dr.) John A.
Bishop, U.S. Air Force.

The hospital began in November, 1992, and provided U.N.
personnel level three medical care. At its peak, 47,300 were
served. It treated more than 45,000 out-patient cases, admitted
more than 2,000 patients, and performed more than 1,200
surgeries.

The hospital will be replaced by a smaller medical facility at
Camp Pleso operated by a Czech medical battalion. (DoD)





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