MUS:Music  by Frank A. Viola 4/87

Introduction

   There has been much said concerning the subjects of secular rock
music, rock lyrics, and the lifestyles of rock musicians. Whole books
have been dedicated to the research of such subjects. It is not my
intention to discuss these issues in detail, but to provide some
helpful insight into the general nature of music and to introduce some
guidelines in judging its influence. In this paper I will deal
primarily with three basic questions. They are as follows:

   1. What does the Bible teach regarding music

   2. Can music itself be good or evil?

   3. How can one discern what music is good or evil?

   In answering these questions, I will be using the tes-timonies of
the holy scriptures, personal experience, and an appeal to the
conscience. These three sources are useful in bearing witness to the
truth (2 Timothy 3:16, Ephesians 5:8-10, 2 Corinthians 4:2). In
discussing this subject, it is necessary to lay certain foundations to
eliminate any semantic difficulties. First, when the word "music" is
being used, I am referring only to the sound produced by musical
instruments, i.e., chords, rhythms, notes, beats, etc., and not the
lyrics. Second, there is a vast difference between criticizing
something based on personal opinion and cultural preference and judging
something based on the truth of God's word. The scriptures teach us to
judge all things (1 Corinthians 2:15, 1 Thessalonians 5:21, John 7:24,
Hebrews 5:14).

   The Lord commands us to distinguish between the clean and the
unclean, the holy and the unholy (Leviticus 10:10, Ezekiel 22:26, 2
Corinthians 6:17). In order to obey these commands successfully, we
must learn how to judge righteously. It is with this principle in mind
that I will be approaching this subject. Although this paper will be
dealing primarily with the general nature of music and its uses, there
will be a special emphasis on "hard rock music" with its variations
(heavy metal, acid rock, British R & B, punk rock, new wave, hardcore,
etc.).

   Musical Instruments

   In the past and in recent times, there seems to have been a slight
controversy over the nature of musical instruments. Some have suggested
that certain instruments are evil in themselves. These individuals
claim that the instruments that are widely used to produce rock music
are evil, such as the electric guitar and bass. Others hold to the view
that all instruments are good in themselves because they have the
ability to produce music that glorifies God. The truth about the nature
of musical instruments can be found in the Bible.

   Musical instruments are mentioned frequently in the scriptures,
especially in the Old Testament. Among the different instruments
mentioned are harps, psalteries, timbrels, cornets, cymbals, organs,
tabrets, trumpets, pipes, viols, dulcimers, flutes, and sackbuts (2
Samuel 6:5, Psalms 150:3-5, Genesis 31:27, I Kings 1:40, Amos 5:23,
Daniel 3:5). In studying these instruments from the scriptures, it
appears that instruments in themselves are neither good or evil.
Instruments seem to be neutral devices. Nevertheless, these devices can
be used for good or evil purposes. For example, the harp, cornet, and
psaltery were used by David and the house of Israel to worship God (2
Samuel 6:5). On the other hand, during the time of Daniel these same
instruments were used to worship King Nebuchadnezzar's golden image, a
false god (Daniel 3:4-6). In another passage, God tells Israel to take
away the noise of their songs for He will not hear the melody of their
viols (Amos 5:21-27). Isaiah 5:11-13 states that in spite of the fact
that God's people used musical instruments in their feasts of worship,
He judged them for not considering His work.

   These passages indicate that God is not concerned so much with music
or instruments, but with the heart attitude of the musician. Therefore,
from these scriptures it would be safe to conclude that musical
instruments in themselves are neutral tools that can be sanctified or
defiled depending on how they are used and by whom they are used.

   The Purpose of Music

   According to the Bible, music was frequently used for worshipping
the Lord. The scriptures state that King David made musical instruments
for the specific purpose of praising the Lord (2 Chronicles 7:6). David
had committed the ministry of praising God with musical instruments to
4, 000 Levites after Solomon had become king (1 Chronicles 23:1-6).
Furthermore, David had given the Levites authority to appoint singers
and musicians for the service of God (1 Chronicles 15:16-24, 28). In
one passage, the musical instruments used to glorify God are actually
called "instruments of God" (1 Chronicles 16:42). David wrote many
psalms encouraging people to praise God with music and instru-ments
(Psalms 33:2, 3; 81:1-4; 150:3-6).

   It is clear from these scriptures that God is certainly not against
music in itself. These passages rather reveal that God created music
for His glory and honor. Nevertheless, as we shall discuss in more
detail, Satan perverts the beautiful things that God creates. This
would imply that there are some types of music that do not bring glory
to God.

   When realizing that music was intended to glorify and honor the
Lord, a person should begin to use music for this purpose. In 1
Corinthians 10:31, the Apostle Paul instructs believers to do all
things for God's glory. In studying the purpose of music, the question
may arise: just how does music glorify and bring praise to God? To
answer this, it may be helpful to define the term "praise." According
to the dictionary, praise is the act of expressing admiration,
laudation, and commendation. It means to extol, honor, and glorify. The
Hebrew word for praise used in the previous scripture references is
"yadah", which means to revere or worship and is also translated
"thanksgiving." The Bible states that God delights in and inhabits the
praises of men (Psalms 22:3, Matthew 21:15-16, Luke 19:37-40). Although
music serves as a means of praising God, I do not think that the music
itself is what directly affects Him. Rather, it is the heart attitude
of the musician as stated earlier. We have already discussed some
examples in which God rejected the music of His people because their
hearts' were not right (Amos 5:21-27). The Bible also says that the
wicked use music as well as the people of God (Job 21:7-15). Certainly
the Lord does not accept their music for the scripture says, "the eyes
of the Lord are over the righteous, and his ears are open unto their
prayers: but the face of the Lord is against them that do evil" (1
Peter 3:12). The following two statements explain how music glorifies
God:

   1. Music glorifies God by communicating godly attitudes and emotions
to man's spirit, enhancing his ability to worship and to be sensitive
to God.

   2. Music glorifies God by aiding man in expressing himself to God,
facilitating worship in spirit and in truth.

   An important element to consider in these two points is that music
was made for man. I believe music was made for man in much the same way
as the sabbath was made for man (Mark 2:27). Among other things, the
sabbath day was designed to give man rest and refreshment with devotion
of God as the primary motive in view (Exodus 20:10, 11; 23:12). In the
same sense, music was designed to minister attitudes and emotions to
man making it conducive for him to praise, worship, and express himself
to God. However, it is imperative to realize that devotion to God is
the ultimate purpose in music; God blesses us with good things to enjoy
in Him and never to consume them upon our own lusts (James 4:3).

   Music and the Anointing

   The Bible gives several examples concerning the relationship between
music and the anointing to prophesy. In 1 Samuel 10:5, the word of God
says that a company of prophets would prophesy with a psaltery, a
tabret, a harp, and a pipe before them. 2 Kings 3:10-16 gives the
account of the prophet Elisha requesting a minstrel (musician) to play
before he prophesied. When the minstrel played, the hand of the Lord
(God's anointing) came upon Elisha and he began to prophesy in the
Lord's name. Finally, in 1 Chronicles 25:1-7, David and the captains of
the host separated men for the service of God who should, "prophesy
with harps, with psalteries, and with cymbals."

   It is clear from these passages that music has the ability to
enhance God's anointing and inspire the prophets. The explanation for
how this works has been stated beforehand, i.e., music can communicate
godly attitudes and emotions to man, enhancing his sensitivity to God.
A major purpose of music is to alter man's mood and attitude in a
positive way. The key word here is "positive." If music can communicate
godly attitudes and make man sensitive to God, then it is logical to
assume that music can communicate ungodly attitudes and cause man to be
insensitive to God as well. This concept will be the subject of the
following sections of this paper.

   What is Music?

   Music is a language, a mode of communication, just as words are.
Music is a language communicating emotions. A body of words are a
language communicating knowledge. Although music primarily communicates
emotions, it can indirectly convey knowledge as well. Likewise, words
primarily communicate knowledge; however, they have a minor ability to
impart emotions. This definition can be helpful in understanding the
influence of music. We can understand music clearer if we relate its
ability and purpose to that of words. In much the same way that words
can produce knowledge, music can produce emotions in an individual, for
both are languages. This concept brings us to the next question, is
there such a thing as evil music? Many people would say no. Many,
including Christians, claim that all types of music are neutral and
only the lyrics can determine whether a song is morally good or bad.
This is one of the major arguments to support "Christian rock music."
The idea is that any type of music (country western, classical, jazz,
heavy metal, punk rock, new wave, etc.) is acceptable to God if the
lyrics are morally good. Since this is such a point of controversy, it
is apparent that there is confusion and a lack of understanding in this
area among believers. Therefore, believers must examine this issue in
the light of scripture and the conscience in an attempt to find the
truth.

   The Question of Neutrality in Music

   When examining the relationship and similarities between music and
words, one can gain some insight into the truth of this controversy. To
begin with, most people would agree that there is such a thing as "evil
words." The scriptures describe evil words with the following
adjectives: idle (Matthew 12:36), blasphemous (Acts 6:11), enticing
(Colossians 2:4), vain (Ephesians 5:6), filthy and foolish (Ephesians
5:4), flattering (1 Thessalonians 2:5), profane (1 Timothy 6:20), etc.
On the other hand, the Bible speaks of good words as being truthful
(Acts 26:25), wholesome (1 Timothy 6:3), edifying (Ephesians 4:29),
sound (2 Timothy 1:13), and faithful (Revelation 21:5). It is evident
from these passages that there are good and evil words alike. However,
it is important to understand what actually makes a word good or evil.
The answer can be found in our definition of music.

   Words are a language that communicate knowledge. Therefore, one can
judge whether a word or a set of words are good or evil by examining
the knowledge they convey. For example, words that communicate
heresies, false doctrines, evil imaginations, and blasphemies are evil
words due to the fact that they convey evil knowledge and ideas.
Profanity and vulgar words are considered evil because these words have
been abused and perverted. These words are most often used out of
context when there are suffi-cient alternative words to use instead.
The point is that words are evil or good depending on the kind of
knowledge they impart. Words that minister edification, wisdom, truth,
sound doctrine, etc. are considered to be good or wholesome words.

   In much the same way, music can be good or evil depending on the
type of emotions and attitudes it conveys. The word of God has much to
say concerning proper attitudes that an individual should have before
the Lord. For example, in Galatians 5:22, 23, the fruit of the Spirit
is listed. This fruit includes the attitudes of love, joy, peace,
patience, gentleness, kindness, faithfulness, meekness, and temperance.
These are attitudes and emotions that the Lord desires us to have. On
the other hand, the works of the flesh are listed in verses 19-21 of
the same passage. Attitudes of hatred, envy, jealousy, strife, anger,
and carousings are produced by the flesh. The scriptures also mention
pride and sensuality as evil attitudes or passions (James 3:14, 15). In
observing the fruit of the Spirit and the works of the flesh, it is
clear that there are good emotions and evil emotions. Music has the
power and ability to communicate both of these emotions to an
individual.

   The scriptures support the fact that music is not a neutral force.
In 1 Samuel 16:14-23, there is an incredible story illustrating the
tremendous power in music to influence man's heart attitude. In this
passage, we see King Saul being tormented by an evil spirit. In
response to this, Saul's servants sent for David to play on the harp,
attempting to make Saul well again. The scripture goes on to say that
when David played the harp, Saul was refreshed and the evil spirit
departed from him. It is significant to notice that David did not sing
him a song; he simply played skillfully on the harp. This testifies to
the fact that music is a powerful tool apart from lyrics. It is also
important to understand how the music of David's harp caused the demon
to leave Saul. The answer has to do with the relationship between music
and emotions.

   David was a man after God's own heart, and the Lord was with him
(Acts 13:22 & 1 Samuel 16:18). David loved the praises of God. He wrote
most of the Psalms and commanded Israel to worship God with the
instruments he had made (2 Chronicles 29:25, 26). When David played the
harp to Saul, he was ministering the attitudes of the Holy Spirit that
he himself had through his music, i.e., love, joy, peace, etc. In
Psalms 81:2, Asaph describes the music of the harp as being "pleasant."
The Hebrew word for pleasant means delightful, lovely, or sweet. As a
result of this, Saul began to feel refreshed. Saul was delivered
because his attitude was influenced by the godly emotions conveyed
through David's music. The demon had to depart since he is opposed to
the things of God, especially when the fruit of the Spirit is present.
It is important to notice that the demon did not leave Saul because of
the music per se, but because of the music's positive effect on Saul's
attitude. From this story, one can safely conclude that music has the
capability of driving demons out of a person by imparting godly
attitudes and emotions to their spirit. Furthermore, music also has the
ability to cause demons to feel welcome, provided that the music is
communicating ungodly attitudes and emotions to an individual.

   Music and Good Emotions

   In several other passages, the Bible portrays the relation-ship
between music and emotions. Music was widely used for communicating and
expressing the emotion of joy (1 Samuel 18:6, 1 Chronicles 15:16,
Isaiah 30:29). The scriptures speak about making a "joyful noise" unto
the Lord (Psalms 66:1; 81:1; 95:1, 2; 98:4,6; 100:1). Among other
things, a joyful noise refers to music that expresses and communicates
the emotions of joy and gladness of heart. In the story of the prodigal
son, music and dancing were expressions of joy when the boy returned
home (Luke 15:25). According to Lamentations 5:14, 15, music ceases
when there is no joy. These passages reveal that joy is a primary
emotion conveyed through music. James 5:13 says that if a person is
merry (cheerful), they should sing psalms. The word "psalms" in the
Greek is "psallo", which means to twitch or twang, i.e., to play on a
stringed instrument; to celebrate and worship with music and
accompanying odes. It is very interesting to notice that the word
"psalms" implies music, and not just singing. It seems that James is
telling the brethren to express themselves to God through music.
Moreover, the instruction in James to sing psalms is not only an
exhortation to express their joyful hearts to the Lord, but also to
minister this joy to the brethren through music and song. Colossians
3:16 encourages believers to teach and admonish one another in psalms,
hymns, and spiritual songs (see also Ephesians 5:19).

   Music and Evil Emotions

   The Bible also portrays the relationship between music and negative
emotions. In the Old and New Testaments, mourners would sing and play
music as an expression of their grief and sorrow (2 Chronicles 35:25 &
Matthew 9:23, 24). In Job 30:31, Job says that his harp turned to
mourning and his organ into the voice of weeping. This is a clear
description of how music can minister the emotions of sadness and
depression. At this point, I would like to suggest that music during
Bible days may have been much different from the music of today. For
example, I do not think that punk rock and heavy metal were present
during the reign of King David. For one thing, these people did not
possess the electronic technology of our day. However, I do believe
that some of the music of that day produced the same emotions that much
of today's music does.

   In Exodus 32:1-35, we read the story about the children of Israel
making and worshipping the golden calf. If we examine this story
carefully, it may remind us of many of today's parties. Exodus 32:6
says that Israel sat down to eat, drink, then rose up to play. The
story goes on to say that they danced and sang around the golden calf
(verses 18, 19). These verses imply that music was being played as
well. The people were singing, dancing, drinking, eating, and indulging
in sexual immorality while Moses was on the mountain talking with God.
This reminds me of today's parties. Consider the fact that many of
today's parties which promote fornication and drunkenness rarely are
without some form of music conveying these desires; hence the phrase,
"drugs, sex, and rock n' roll." As a result of Israel's sin, the Lord
sent a plague upon the people (verse 35). It is my impression that the
music which was present when Israel sinned, conveyed the emotions of
lust and sensuality, fitting the mood of their idolatrous party (1
Corinthians 10:6, 7). This story exemplifies how music, which was made
for God's glory, can become perverted and used for Satan's glory. Satan
does not create; he only perverts what God created.

   In Amos 6:1-7, the prophet sternly rebukes Judah and Israel. Among
the sins of false trust, greed, and spiritual apathy, Amos reproves
them of their revelry and banqueting where they "sing idol songs to the
sound of the viol, invent for themselves instruments of music, and
drink wine from sacrificial bowls." This is another example in
scripture illustrating how ungodly music, revelry, and drunkenness go
hand in hand. It is sig-nificant that the scriptures speak of revelry
and rioting, which in today's terminology would be called "partying."
The New Testament condemns such activity (1 Peter 4:3, Romans 13:13,
Galatians 5:21). The Greek word for revellings or rioting is "komos",
which literally means a carousal as if letting loose. Thayer's Greek-
English Lexicon of the New Testament says that this word is generally
used to describe feasts and drinking-parties that are protracted till
late at night and indulge in revelry. Music has the power to
communicate these types of emotions. There are certain types of music
today as there were in Bible times that can stir up an individual's
flesh, making a person feel like letting loose and carousing. Hard rock
music, with its variations, is one type of music that is a powerful
force in imparting these emotions.

   Hard Rock Music

   At this point, I would like to examine the influence of hard rock
music. For the purpose of clarity, I would like to make a distinction
between hard rock and music that is up-beat or punchy. For example,
most people would probably agree that there is a distinct difference
between the rock n' roll of the mid 1950's and the heavy metal of the
1980's. Yet it is interesting that both are called "rock music." The
difference is not only in the amount of electronic advancement, but in
the emotions that the music conveys. Hard rock can range from high
pulsed energy beats, distortion and psychedelic sounds, to heavy blues
notes in a minor key. I would like to also point out the fact that most
of this music is played loud; however, volume does not make music good
or evil. The Bible states that the people of God made a "loud noise"
with their instruments unto the Lord (2 Chronicles 30:21, Psalms 33:3,
98:4, 150:5). Hard rock music is ungodly because of the emotions it
communicates.

   In explaining how hard rock music is ungodly, it will be profitable
to discuss the lyrics of this music in a general sense. Most acid rock
and heavy metal groups glorify the sins of illicit sexual acts, drug
abuse, witchcraft, satanism, and even suicide in their lyrics. Some
groups sing about only a few of these things, while others sing openly
about them all. Further-more, most punk rock, new wave, and hardcore
groups emphasize rebellion against authority, anarchy, physical abuse,
and bodily perversions. One can look at much of the hard rock
literature, album covers, and group names to confirm that these things
are true. Simply on the basis of the lyrics, it is clear that a vast
majority of these songs promote unrighteousness and are displeas- ing
to God. If a song conveys ideas that are false and encourage people to
indulge in or to make light of sin, then the song is evil according to
God's standard (Ephesians 4:29; 5:4, 12; 1 Thessalonians 5:22). In many
instances, hard rock music communi-cates the same attitudes that the
lyrics convey; hence, the music usually fits the words.

   A good illustration of this concept can be seen through a movie or a
television program. Have you ever noticed what type of background music
was present during a horror scene? In most cases, the music is eerie.
Why is this? It is because the music is communicating the same emotion
as the scene. This is done to promote fear. Would the horror scene have
the same effect if country western music was being played in the
background? Probably not. This same concept would apply to most love
scenes. During a love scene, the background music usually communicates
a sensual or romantic emotion. In the same manner, hard rock music
imparts similar attitudes that are expressed in the lyrics.

   Depending on the particular band or song, hard rock music is very
powerful in communicating the attitudes and feelings of lust,
sensuality, rebellion, lasciviousness, carelessness, and pride. Certain
songs have such an influential beat that they can stir up the desires
of a person's flesh, making them feel sensual and aroused. It is no
coincidence that rock music has been linked with illicit sex and drug
abuse. Many of the parties today which advocate sin have some form of
hard rock music present influenc-ing the mood. Often, this music begins
to convey emotions of pride, causing individuals to draw attention to
themselves. They feel strong, self-confident, and secure in themselves.
However, this is a misplaced security. It is merely the result of the
mood set by the powerful sound of hard rock. God's word tells us that
pride and trusting in oneself is sinful and must be forsaken (Jeremiah
17:5-7, James 4:6, 1 Peter 5:5,6). We are to have no confidence in the
flesh, but we are to put our trust in the Lord (Philippians 3:3, 1
Corinthians 1:29,31). Proverbs 3:5 says, "Trust in the Lord with all
thine heart; and lean not unto thine own understanding." Any music that
communicates sinful attitudes and emotions is ungodly. Hard rock music
does not minister to the spirit of a man. Neither does it help him
glorify the Lord as music was intended to do. On the contrary, hard
rock ministers to man's flesh, promoting the sinful works of the flesh.

   A person may argue that the same song may produce different emotions
to different individuals. This may be true with some songs; however,
this is not the case most of the time. For example, in reading a
passage from the Bible or any literary work for that matter, several
people may receive different meanings from it. However, there are some
passages that clearly communi-cate one specific idea leaving no room
for separate interpreta-tions. It is the same way with music. Several
people may respond differently to a certain song; however, there are
some songs in which the music is clearly communicating one emotion.

   Why Rock Music?

   Hard rock music is very popular among the youth of our society. Rock
fans spend a great deal of money and time on concerts, rock literature,
albums, tapes, etc. A vital question to ask is, what causes multitudes
of young adults to be attracted and attached to this type of music? The
obvious answer is because they like it. So the real question becomes,
why do they like it? The answer is found in understanding the emotions
conveyed through rock music.

   Although some claim to enjoy hard rock based on musical
appreciation, most people like it because of how it makes them feel.
Again, the underlying reason has to do with the emotions conveyed. Many
people have become dependent on this music. Hard rock has such a
dynamic ability to provide an emotional outlet, that it actually
becomes addictive to some degree. I have observed many Christians in
the past who desired to follow the Lord, yet could not whole-heartedly
because they refused to part with their music. The attachment can
become so great, that people begin to worship the music as if it were a
god, and they fall into idolatry. In essence, they love their music
more than they love God.

   Personal Observation

   I stated earlier that there is a vast difference between criticizing
something based on personal taste and judging something based on the
knowledge of the truth. This is sig-nificant because I have never
disliked the sound of rock music. I listened to rock music for over 12
years. I began with listening to The Beatles at an early age. In 1979,
I was introduced to hard rock, primarily British rhythm and blues from
the late 60's early 70's. I idolized such bands as Led Zeppelin, The
Who, The Doors, Jimi Hendrix, and others. In 1981, I joined a high
school rock band. We performed much of the music that I have just
listed. In 1982, the Lord began to reveal to me the effect that this
music was having on me, and that He demanded preeminence in my heart.
God said that He will not have any other gods before Him (Exodus 20:3).
The scriptures also encourage us not to be in bondage to anything (1
Corinthians 6:12 & 2 Peter 2:19). I acknowledged the fact that I was
wasting time and money on this music. Rock music did not help my faith
in Christ, but hampered it subtly. Both the music, and the attachment I
had to it greatly hindered my growth as a believer.

   As I look back now, I am able to see why I spent so many hours
listening to this music. It was merely because of the feelings of
self-confidence, pride, and power that it imparted to me. It also
served as an outlet to release feelings of frustra-tion and hurt. The
music would give me a sense of false security that would relieve any
insecurities I had as a young adult. I had become dependent on music
rather than on the Lord Jesus Christ alone.

   Christian Rock Music

   This brings us to the present day controversy over "Christian rock."
When speaking about Christian rock, I am not referring to all up-beat
gospel tunes. I am specifically referring to hard rock, as defined
previously, that is put to "Christian lyrics." There are basically two
schools of thought concerning this issue. One group of individuals feel
that all music is neutral, therefore; Christian rock is an appropriate
way of worshipping God. Those who hold to the other school of thought
feel that all rock n' roll music is evil and satanic and that Christian
rock is no exception to this.

   Those who hold to the first view claim that all types of music are
neutral and that only the lyrics determine the nature of a song. They
also suggest that Christian hard rock music is an evangelistic tool
designed to attract young unbelievers. The idea is that through the
lyrics or the message given at a Christian rock concert, many of these
young people will hear and hopefully believe the gospel. Essentially,
the primary purpose of this music is to reach a group of people that
have never set foot in a church, yet love rock n' roll.

   The second school of thought deals with the concept that music is
not neutral. Furthermore, these individuals claim that Christian rock
is evil because of the nature of rock music itself. They believe that
rock music is evil because of its negative history and association with
such things as the drug culture, the sex revolution, the hippie
movement, and the obscene lifestyles promoted by many rock musicians.
In summary, the second school of thought states that due to the
defiling element of rock music, Christian rock is ungodly and
revolting. Moreover, many of these individuals have a personal distaste
for rock music as well.

   Many believers avoid issues of controversy and disagreement for fear
of causing division. However, the scripture says, "there must be also
heresies (differences) among you, that they which are approved may be
manifest among you" (1 Corinthians 11:19). In another place the word
states, "prove (test) all things; hold fast to that which is good.
Abstain from all appearance of evil" (1 Thessalonians 5:21-22). In
order to discern what is good or evil, one must prove or test it first.
We who are of the truth should not ignore this controversy. In judging
Christian rock, we will look at the following three elements: the
lyrics, the music, and the fruit.

   When examining the lyrics of Christian rock music, most Christian
performers and groups speak about good things. They usually speak about
the truth of God's word, the power of the Holy Spirit, and the
salvation that is available through the Lord Jesus Christ. Some of the
lyrics speak about the Christian walk and spiritual warfare. Many
glorify the name of Jesus Christ as well. Since the knowledge that is
communicated through the words is usually good, then it would follow
that the lyrics are usually good as well. The only difference between a
Christian rock song and a secular rock song is the lyrics, the music is
no different. This is confirmed by the fact that many contemporary
Christian performers have borrowed the tunes of popular secular songs
and have put Christian lyrics to them.

   Music can be good or evil depending on the emotions it conveys. Hard
rock music communicates the emotions of sensuality, pride,
lasciviousness, etc. Therefore, since Christian rock music is the same
as secular rock music, these same emotions are conveyed through the
music. In Christian rock, both the clean and the unclean are present.
The lyrics are communicating righteous- ness, but the music is
communicating unrighteousness. The Bible describes such a mixture as
impure and unholy. The scriptures condemn mixing the clean with the
unclean (Galatians 5:9; 1 Corinthians 5:6, 7; Leviticus 10:10). In the
Old Testament, the mixed multitude among Israel typified the worldly
element in the church (Exodus 12:38, Numbers 11:4, 1 Corinthians
10:1-6). Israel finally separated herself from these people (Nehemiah
13:3). 1 Peter 1:15, 16 commands us to be holy. The Greek word for holy
is "hagios", which means separated from sin and consecrated to God.
"Hagios" comes from the root word which is translated "pure." Pure
means free from defilement, not contaminated; hence, not mixed. If
something is pure and holy, there is no spot, blemish, wrinkle, or
mixture in it (Ephesians 5:27). When listening to Christian rock, one
can sense a spirit of mixture in his inner man. The words are saying
something good, but the music is saying something totally different.
Again, I am speaking in general terms and am referring only to
Christian "hard rock." Neither am I implying that every song that a
Christian rock group sings conveys evil emotions. A few songs may
convey good emotions, however; the music in these songs is
distinguishable from hard rock.

   One way to determine the effectiveness of a ministry is to examine
its fruit. Jesus told his disciples to beware of false prophets
(Matthew 7:15). He told them that the way to recognize the true from
the false was to examine their fruit (Matthew 7:16-20). This is a
principle that can be applied today. It has been said that Christian
rock has been effective in reaching the lost for the Lord. I do not
doubt that there are those who experienced genuine salvation through
the influence of a Christian rock musician. However, this does not
justify the music. For example, I am sure that if someone held a
"Christian" concert while distributing free beer and marijuana to those
who attended, many people would come and listen to the music and the
message. This is an extreme example; however, it does reveal how a
method can be bad even if it attracts many people to hear the gospel
message. In using the same illustration, what kind of fruit would come
out of a ministry where drugs and alcohol were passed out? Perhaps
there would be some decisions for the Lord, but what type of Christians
would these individuals be?

   Although Christian rock may be effective in bringing many people to
hear the gospel message, this in itself does not make it right. Just as
Christian rock has the ability to lead people to the Lord by its words,
it also has the potential of leading people back into the world through
its image and the attitudes conveyed through its music. A significant
question is, what type of Christians does this sort of ministry
produce? Does Christian hard rock produce godly righteous individuals
who are separated from sin and the world? On the contrary, this music
has con-tributed to some of the worldliness and carnality that has
crept into the church today. This worldliness and carnality has not
only been promoted by the music, but also by the example that is set by
most Christian rock performers.

   Before we examine the example given by these individuals, I would
like to point out that this discussion is not an attempt to judge the
motives of Christian rock musicians. We are merely examining the music
and not the heart of the musician. Many Christian rockers have good
motives. With some exceptions, these musicians have a desire to see
souls saved. However, it is important to realize that just because a
person's motives are good, does not mean that what he does is
necessarily right. For example, there are many individuals today that
are teaching false doctrines. Not all of them have evil motives. These
individuals are simply deceived on certain issues. The Apostle Paul is
another example of this. Before his conversion, Paul thought that he
was pleasing God by killing Christians. After his conversion, he said
that he persecuted the church as an expression of his zeal for God
(Philippians 3:6). His motive was good, yet he was in error for the
Lord Jesus rebuked him for this (Acts 9:4, 5). Therefore, good motives
do not always justify a person's actions.

   The example and image that is being set by many Christian rock
performers is fleshly. For instance, 1 Corinthians 11:14 clearly states
that nature teaches us that it is a shame for a man to have long hair.
1 Timothy 2:9, 10 and 1 Peter 3:3, 4 emphasize modesty and sobriety in
women's clothing and adornment. In Deuteronomy 22:5, God says it is an
abomination for the sexes to dress alike. 1 Corinthians 6:9 says that
those who are effeminate will not inherit God's kingdom. Many believers
today ignore these passages based on the idea that God looks on the
heart and not on the outward appearance. They presume, therefore; that
the outward appearance is not important. What they do not realize is
that God gives us these commands because the outward appearance and
dress of a person reflect their heart attitude. This is the exact
meaning of 1 Corinthians 11:14. A man's conscience (the natural law)
will testify and bear witness with the fact that his hair should be
short. In similar fashion, a person's clothing can reveal if they are
heeding the dictates of their conscience. The fact is that if someone
is violating God's word through their outward appearance, then their
heart is not right. However, many people use 1 Samuel 16:7, which says,
"the Lord seeth not as man seeth; for man looketh on the outward
appearance, but the Lord looketh on the heart", to justify their
ungodly appearance. This scripture is often taken out of context and
misapplied. In this passage, Samuel thought Eliab was anointed by God
because of his exceptional features, but God had refused him. Another
example of this is that of the Pharisees. Jesus said to them, "ye also
appear righteous unto men, but within ye are full of hypocrisy and
iniquity" (Matthew 23:28). The lesson that these verses teach us is
that just because a person looks good on the outside, does not mean he
is good on the inside. However, if a person is bad on the outside
according to the word of God, his heart is not right on the inside.

   It is not my intention to preach condemnation and the law. Neither
am I advocating a set of rules for people to follow, for this will only
put people into bondage. My intention is to bring out the truth from
the word of God, for the truth is what will set people free. Many of
these Christian rock musicians are setting an example that is contrary
to scripture and to the conscience of man. As a result, many young
believers feel justified in wearing bizarre clothing and hair styles.
Such things only draw attention to themselves. The Bible tells us not
to follow a multitude to do evil; neither to compare ourselves with
others in an attempt to justify our actions (Exodus 23:2 & 2
Corinthians 10:12). A final observation in discussing this issue is to
ask the question, if Christian rock music is primarily designed to
reach the lost, then why do so many believers listen to it? Why does
this music appeal to unsaved youth in the first place? The answer to
both these questions is that hard rock music can produce good feelings
to an individual by communicating emotions to their flesh.

   Many believe that Christians should change their image to relate to
people in the world. They argue that even Jesus did this when he ate
with sinners, and the Apostle Paul likewise said that he became all
things to all men that he might win some to the gospel. Although there
is some truth to this suggestion, it can be taken to the extreme. The
danger is in becoming too much like the world. For example, Jesus ate
with sinners for the purpose of saving them, yet at the same time the
scripture says that He was separate from them (Hebrews 7:26). When
Jesus related to sinners, He never lowered God's standard. The gospel
message is one of separation from the world (James 1:27; 4:4; 2
Corinthians 6:14-7:1; 1 John 2:15-17). Paul makes it very clear in
Romans 12:2 that believers should not be conformed to the image of this
world. The word "conformed" means to render like or to imitate. This is
one of the dangers in Christian rock. Their image and example is
unscriptural, as well as the emotions communicated through their music.
Paul told Timothy to be an example in speech, conduct, faith, love and
purity (the absence of mixture). I do not say these things to condemn
people. Rather, I say these things out of concern for what is happening
in the church today. Christians need to be more discerning today than
ever before. The world is creeping into the church and the body of
Christ must be purged.

   The Conscience Question

   In dealing with issues where the Bible seems to be silent on,
Christians must learn how to find the truth through other avenues. One
avenue is through the conscience. There is very little taught today
regarding the conscience. Our conscience, which is a part of our spirit
or heart, is extremely helpful in discerning right from wrong.

   I was initially led by my conscience concerning the things mentioned
in this discussion of music, and the scriptures confirmed many of these
things. Christians must learn that their conscience was designed to be
an inward monitor that approves or disapproves their actions (Romans
2:15 & 1 John 3:20, 21). The conscience bears witness to the truth
(Romans 9:1, 2 Corinthians 1:12, 1 Timothy 1:5). The Apostles lived by
the dictates of their conscience and taught others to live in all good
conscience as well (Acts 24:16, 1 Timothy 1:19, 3:9, 2 Timothy 1:3,
Hebrews 13:18, 1 Peter 3:16). It is dangerous to ignore one's own
conscience. Some people confuse their conscience with their thoughts or
emotions. They tend to rationalize their actions through logic and
reason and confuse this for the voice of conscience. Others go so far
as refusing to obey their conscience for a long time. In this case,
their conscience may not function properly. The Bible describes a
person in this state as having a seared conscience and a reprobate mind
(1 Timothy 4:2 & Titus 1:15, 16). When a person is in this condition,
they no longer can distinguish between good or evil.

   Guidelines for Judging Music and Songs

   In conclusion, I would like to establish some guidelines for judging
music and songs. An aspect that we have not discussed is the lifestyle
of the musician. Since all of us are accountable to God for how we use
our finances, it is wise to be a good steward and to support righteous
causes. Believer's need to use wisdom and righteous judgment when
giving to a ministry or individual. The following are steps to judging
music:

   1. Examine the lyrics: What kind of knowledge and ideas do the words
convey? Does the message of the song minister edification? Do the words
promote and encourage righteousness or sin, truth or error?

   2. Examine the music: What type of emotions does the music
communicate? Are these emotions godly according to the word of God?
Does the music minister to the spirit facilitating worship and
edification, or does it minister to the flesh?

   3. Examine the fruit: What kind of an example and image do the
musicians set? Is their image and example in accordance with the word
of God? What kind of fruit do the musicians bear? Are their followers
holy and separate individuals, or are they worldly and carnal?

   In summary, we have seen that music was created for the purpose of
glorifying God. Music does this through altering man's attitude,
helping him express himself to God and to become sensitive to Him. We
defined music as a language that communi-cates emotions just as words
communicate knowledge. Music can convey godly or ungodly emotions;
therefore, music is not neutral as many assume. Finally, hard rock
music, including Christian rock, communicates sinful attitudes and
emotions which can defile a person. Believers must become knowledgeable
in this area and make the decision to do "all things for the glory of
God."
