BIO:aFrances Jane Crosby

BORN: March 24, 1820
South East, New York
DIED: February 12, 1915
Bridgeport, Connecticut
LIFE SPAN: 94 years, 10 months, 19 days
MOTHER, IF I HAD A CHOICE, I would still choose to remain 
blind...for when I die, the first face I will ever see will 
be the face of my blessed Saviour."
        Blind for all of her life, Fanny Crosby, the greatest 
hymn writer in the history of the Christian Church, later 
wrote, "And I shall see Him face to face, and tell the 
story--saved by grace." Though blind, she witnessed over 
8,000 of her poems set to music and over 100,000,000 copies 
of her songs printed. As many as 200 different pen names, in-
cluding Grace J. Frances, were given her works by hymn book 
publishers so the public wouldn't know she wrote so large a 
number of them. She produced as many as seven hymn-poems in 
one day. On several occasions, upon hearing an unfamiliar 
hymn sung, she would inquire about the author, and find it to 
be one of her own!
        Fanny gave the Christian world such songs as: A Shel-
ter in the Time of Storm, All the Way My Saviour Leads Me, 
Blessed Assurance, Close to Thee, He Hideth My Soul, I Am 
Thine O Lord, Jesus Is Calling, My Saviour First of All, Near 
the Cross, Pass Me Not, Praise Him Praise Him, Redeemed, Res-
cue the Perishing, Safe in the Arms of Jesus, Saved by Grace, 
Saviour More than Life to Me, Speed Away, Take the World but 
Give Me Jesus, Tell Me the Story of Jesus, The Lights of 
Home, Thou Mighty to Save, Tho' Your Sins Be as Scarlet, 'Tis 
the Blessed Hour of Prayer, To God Be the Glory, To the Work, 
Will Jesus Find Us Watching--to mention but a few.
        Born in a one-story cottage, her father, John, was 
never to be remembered by Fanny, for he died in her twelfth 
month of life. When Fanny was six weeks old, she caught a 
slight cold in her eyes. The family physician was away. An-
other country doctor was called in to treat her. He pre-
scribed hot mustard poultices to be applied to her eyes, 
which destroyed her sight completely! It was later learned 
that the man was not qualified to practice medicine, but it 
was too late to prosecute him--he had left town and was never 
heard from again. Fanny never felt any resentment against 
him, but believed it was permitted by the Lord to fulfill His 
plan for her life. A wise mother set about immediately to 
prepare her daughter for a happy life, in spite of this great 
handicap.
        When but five years old, she was taken by her mother 
to consult the best eye specialist in the country, Dr. 
Valentine Mott. Neighbors and friends pooled money together 
in order to send her. The dreaded answer came, "Poor child, I 
am afraid you will never see again." Fanny did not think she 
was poor. It was not the loss of sight that bothered her 
young heart. It was the thought that she would never be able 
to get an education like other boys and girls. Surprisingly, 
at the age of eight, she wrote her first recorded poetry:

        O what a happy soul am I!
                Although I cannot see,
                I am resolved that in this world,
                        contented I will be.
        How many blessings I enjoy,
                that other people don't.
        To weep and sigh because I'm blind,
                I cannot and I won't!

        When Fanny was around nine years of age, the family 
moved to Ridgefield, Connecticut, where she was to stay until 
age 15. Mother was kind but busy making a living for both of 
them, so it was Grandmother who became an unforgettable in-
fluence in her life. Grandmother spent many hours describing 
the things of nature and heaven to her. Also, she introduced 
Fanny to the Bible and this book now became more familiar to 
her than any other. She began to devour the Scriptures. It is 
said that, as a child, she could repeat from memory the 
Pentateuch, the book of Ruth, many of the Psalms, the books 
of Proverbs, Song of Solomon, and much of the New Testament! 
This furnished the themes, inspiration, and diction for her 
imperishable gospel hymns.
        Two great blind poets of history, Homer and Milton, 
were to be joined by another great, Fanny Crosby, who pub-
lished her first poem at the age of eleven.
        Near her 15th birthday came a happy announcement--
Mother could send her to a new school, The Institution for 
the Blind in New York City. Fanny clapped her hands joyfully 
and cried, "O thank God, He has answered my prayer, just as I 
knew He would." So it was on March 3, 1835, that Fanny 
boarded a stage for Norwalk and then a boat for New York 
City. She was to spend the next 23 years of her life there, 
as a student for twelve years, and then as a teacher for 
eleven years more.
        From early childhood the sightless girl had felt the 
urge to write poetry, and several short verses had come from 
her lips. At the institution her abilities began to assert 
themselves with renewed force. Her teachers did not encourage 
her efforts but strangers did.
        William Cullen Bryant visited the school one day and 
gave her much encouragement, after chancing to read some of 
her verses. She said afterwards, "He never knew how much he 
did by those few words." Then one day, Dr. Combe of Boston 
examined the heads of the blind students. As he felt her 
head, he exclaimed:

{BQT}And here is a poetess. Give her every possible encour-
agement. Read the best books to her and teach her the finest 
that is in poetry. You will hear from this young lady some 
day.
{EQT}
This was the encouragement that she needed. Poetry began to 
flow from her heart and mind.
        In the autumn of 1843, when she was 23, she was the 
sightless guest of Congress. Endeavoring to secure an appro-
priation for its work, a group from the school was sent 
there. She paid tribute to Congress in original verse and 
then began paying tribute to the Lord. She delivered no stir-
ring oration, nor pathetic story but simply recited some po-
ems, about the tender care of a loving Saviour. She spoke 
with conviction, as though she had seen the Saviour face to 
face. The notable assembly addressed included such men as: 
John Quincy Adams, Thomas E. Benton, Hamilton Fish, Henry A. 
Wise, Alexander Stevens, Jefferson Davis, and Robert Toombs. 
Before long, tears were glistening on the hearers' cheeks, 
for whether great or small, thousands were to find her mes-
sage a healing balm for the soul.
        As a result of this witness, she began to make 
friends with the great political and religious leaders of her 
time and no one could forget her once they met her. During 
her lifetime, she knew all the presidents except George Wash-
ington. President Van Buren dined with her and remained one 
of her warmest friends. She heralded the virtues of William 
Henry Harrison even though he served but one month. When 
President Tyler came to the Institution for the Blind, Fanny 
welcomed him with an original poem. Her friendship with Pres-
ident Polk was close and inspiring. She enjoyed a close 
friendship with President Cleveland for more than half a cen-
tury, for at one time he was the secretary of the Institution 
for the Blind while she taught. He took an unusual interest 
in her life and work and was often engaged in copying her 
poems.
        Many visitors came to the school making memorable oc-
casions for all. Once, Jenny Lind came. She sang and Fanny 
Crosby recited her poem called, "The Swedish Nightingale." 
When Henry Clay visited the school, Miss Crosby was elected 
to recite a poem in his honor. When she had finished, Clay 
took her by the hand and said, "This is not the only poem for 
which I am indebted to this lady. Six months ago, she sent me 
some lines on the death of my dear son." Young Clay was 
killed in a battle in Mexico. Standing there, the great 
statesman and the blind poet wept together.
        At school her first book published at age 24 was ti-
tled The Blind Girl and Other Poems. Also, she composed sev-
eral popular songs and assisted in writing what was probably 
the first cantata published in America. At age 27, she became 
an instructor at the school, a position which she held until 
1858, when she left.
        With all of her apparent devotion to Christ already 
shared in so many ways, it is hard to believe that she was 
not converted until 1851, age 31. This glorious beginning 
happened at a revival service held at the old John Street 
Methodist Church in New York which she joined. Recalling the 
incident years later, she said:

{BQT}After a prayer was offered, they began to sing the grand 
old consecration hymn, `Alas! And Did My Saviour Bleed?' and 
when they reached the third line of the fifth stanza, `Here, 
Lord, I give myself away,' my very soul was flooded with ce-
lestial light.
{EQT}
        Romance came into the life of Fanny Crosby, also. As 
early as age 20 she fell in love with another blind student 
by the name of Alexander VanAlstyne. He was especially fond 
of music and was captivated by her poems. She, likewise, was 
fascinated by his sweet strains of music. Later, he was to 
write the music of some of her hymn-poems and spend 44 years 
with her in marriage. One day in June he sang to his beloved, 
the music of his heart. Fanny tells the story:

{BQT}From that hour two lives looked on a new universe, for 
love met love and all the world was changed. We were no lon-
ger blind, for the light of love showed where the lilies 
bloomed, and where the crystal waters found the moss-mantled 
spring.
{EQT}
        He also became a teacher and for over 15 years their 
friendship bloomed. Finally, on March 5, 1858, she was mar-
ried at age 37. Life was just beginning for Fanny Crosby, for 
her life's ministry was still ahead.
        The marriage was a happy one with VanAlstyne, who 
lived until 1902. The couple had one child, only to be taken 
in death while yet a baby. Perhaps this incident helped in-
spire Fanny to write, Safe in the Arms of Jesus, which was to 
comfort thousands of grief-stricken parents suffering a simi-
lar fate.
        Upon her marriage, she intended to use the name Mrs. 
VanAlstyne, but her husband insisted that she continue to use 
her maiden name, which was already quite famous. Later, the 
couple united with the Thirtieth Street Methodist Church in 
New York. Fanny Crosby remained a lifelong Methodist.
        Through Peter Stryker, the minister of a Dutch Re-
formed church in New York City, she met the well-known com-
poser William Bradbury. He gave her a most cordial welcome:

{BQT}Fanny, I thank God that we have at last met, for I think 
you can write hymns, and I have sought for a long time to 
have a talk with you.
{EQT}
He suggested that she attempt a hymn for him that week. This 
was the opportunity that she was waiting for. In three days 
she returned and submitted her first sacred song, the initial 
stanza of which reads:
[hl1.27s]
We are going, we are going to a home beyond the skies,
Where the fields are robed in beauty,
And the sunlight never dies.
{EQT}
This was in 1864, when Fanny was 44. Now, her course was set 
and this was her first hymn, used as a Sunday School hymn.
        Some stories of her most famous hymn-poems follow:
        Pass Me Not was her first hymn to win worldwide at-
tention. Acting upon the suggestion of her friend, William H. 
Doane, Fanny composed this in 1868 after a prison service. As 
she spoke to the prisoners, one cried out, "O Lord, don't 
pass me by!" She was so moved that she went home and wrote 
her famous plea. Ira Sankey said, "No hymn was more popular 
at the meetings in London in 1875 than this one." One hard-
drinking Englishman heard the crowd singing it and whispered 
to himself, "Oh, I wish He would not pass me by." The next 
night the service began with the same hymn and he was saved. 
He began carrying a copy of the hymn with him every day and 
forty years later, as a successful businessman in America, he 
met Fanny and gave her twenty dollars.
        Safe in the Arms of Jesus was considered by some to 
be her greatest hymn. One day, in 1868, Doane dropped by and 
said, "Miss Fanny, I have but a few minutes before my train 
leaves for Cincinnati but first, will you do me a favor be-
fore I board that train? I want a new hymn which I can intro-
duce for the first time at a convention that will capture the 
hearts and imaginations of the young people and children. 
There is to be a great statewide Sunday School convention in 
Cincinnati next month and, in addition to the large 
delegations of adults, many young people and children are ex-
pected to be present. We really need this new hymn."
        Having the tune already composed, he said, "Listen 
closely," and turning to the piano, he sat down and played 
his new tune in a rousing and stirring manner. Fanny said, 
"Your music says, `Safe in the Arms of Jesus.'" Going to her 
desk, she took out a piece of paper, found her pen, sat down, 
and began to write. As he played, she continued to write. She 
folded the paper, placed it in an envelope and handed it to 
her friend. Because his train was leaving in thirty-five min-
utes, she exclaimed, "Read it on the train and hurry, you 
don't want to be late!"
        On the train, he read the words that Sankey later 
made famous, and hearts have been singing ever since. The 
stories connected with this hymn are breath-taking. Once, a 
hackman, learning that his passenger was Fanny Crosby, took 
off his hat and wept. He called a policeman and asked him to 
see her safely to the train, adding, "We sang Safe in the 
Arms of Jesus at my little girl's funeral last week."
        When Bishop James Hannington was brutally murdered by 
savages in Uganda, Africa, his diary was recovered. In it, he 
tells of being dragged away to be murdered while singing Safe 
in the Arms of Jesus. He was even laughing at the very agony 
of his situation.
        A strange story is told in connection with the war in 
1918. A Finnish engineer tells of besieging a town and taking 
a number of Red prisoners. Seven of them were to be shot at 
dawn the following Monday. One of the doomed men began to 
sing this lovely song, Safe in the Arms of Jesus, that he had 
learned only three weeks previously from the Salvation Army. 
One after another of the comrades fell to their knees and be-
gan to pray. The seven asked to be allowed to die with 
uncovered faces. With hands raised to Heaven, they sang this 
song as they were ushered into eternity. The Finnish engi-
neer, Nordenberg, a former Army Officer, who tells the story, 
met Christ Himself that very hour as a result of this 
witness.
        Rescue the Perishing was written on a hot July night 
in 1869. At a mission, Fanny was addressing a large company 
of men, in one of the worst sections of New York City, the 
Bowery. During the service she felt impressed that some 
mother's boy must be rescued that night or not at all. She 
made the plea for salvation and a boy of eighteen came for-
ward and exclaimed, "I promised to meet my mother in heaven 
but as I now am living, that will be impossible." Fanny 
prayed with this precious soul and he was joyously converted. 
He rose from his knees, with a new light in his eyes, and 
said, "Now I can meet my mother in heaven, for I have found 
her God!" A friend remarked, "Isn't it wonderful what these 
rescue missions are doing?" While riding between the Bowery 
and Brooklyn, in a hired horse-drawn hack, she started writ-
ing because she could not wait until she got home. In her 
room, she completed the lines of the hymn before retiring. 
The next morning, the words were copied and forwarded to her 
friend, Mr. Doane, who immediately composed the tune to which 
it has been sung ever since.
        Blessed Assurance is her most famous hymn, according 
to a hymn poll taken some time back by The Christian Herald. 
It placed twelfth in the poll. Of favorite hymns, The Old 
Rugged Cross was number one. One of Fanny's close friends, 
wife of the founder of the Metropolitan Life Insurance Com-
pany, was Mrs. Joseph Knapp. On one of her visits to the 
blind poetess, in 1873, she brought in a melody she had com-
posed. Several times she played it on the piano for Fanny. 
Then she asked, "Fanny, what does that tune say to you?" Hes-
itating but for a moment, she replied, "Blessed assurance, 
Jesus is mine!" One of the greatest gospel songs of all time 
was born.
        To God Be the Glory was not really discovered until 
1954, when it was introduced to George Beverly Shea in Lon-
don. It was first sung by Shea and the Billy Graham Crusade 
Choir in Toronto in 1955. Since then, it has become a beloved 
hymn of the faith. Sankey did include it in his first 
hymnbook published in England in 1873, but it was not found 
in later subsequent editions published in America.
        All the Way My Saviour Leads Me was written in 1874. 
Fanny needed five dollars one day and she just knelt down and 
told the Lord about it. Soon after a stranger knocked at her 
door as he just wanted to meet her. As he left, he pressed a 
five-dollar bill into her hand. Her first thought was what a 
wonderful way the Lord helps me. Immediately, she composed 
this song.
        Close to Thee was written in 1874 also, as S.J. Vail 
brought one of his newly composed tunes to her, asking that 
she write words for it. As he played it for her on the piano, 
she suddenly exclaimed, "That chorus says, Close to Thee!" 
Immediately, she wrote the poem.
        Saved by Grace was written in 1891. At age 71 she at-
tended a prayer meeting at which Dr. Howard Crosby spoke. He 
talked on the 23rd Psalm using "Grace" as his subject. That 
very same week, he died suddenly, and Fanny said to herself, 
"I wonder what my first impression of heaven will be?" A mo-
ment later, she suddenly answered her own question. "Why, my 
eyes will be opened and I will see my Saviour face to face." 
A few days later, her publisher friend, L.H. Bigelow, asked 
her to write a hymn on "Grace." She wrote the four stanzas 
and chorus of Saved by Grace in less than an hour. This poem 
was put away in a safe. In 1894, while visiting friends in 
Sankey's home, in Northfield, Massachusetts, she was pre-
vailed upon to speak. Concluding her talk, she read this poem 
that she had written three years earlier. A reporter from The 
London Christian took her poem with him to England and pub-
lished it. When Sankey found this out, he prevailed upon 
George Stebbins to compose some music for it.
        Other hymns had interesting beginnings. I Am Thine O 
Lord was a result of an earnest conversation on the nearness 
of God, with Mr. Doane of Cincinnati; Jesus Is Calling was 
sent to Stebbins for music upon his return from an evangelis-
tic tour in Scotland, in 1883; Near the Cross was the result 
of Doane stating, "I want a new song to sing tonight in the 
evangelistic service." Saviour More Than Life to Me came as a 
result of a tune which Doane sent Fanny, requesting a song on 
the theme of "every day and hour."
        The hymn-poems came--with many composers adding the 
music. One time Philip Phillips brought her forty subjects 
for hymns. He returned several days later and, surprisingly, 
discovered that she had completed them all. She dictated all 
of them to him entirely from memory.
        The years that saw her more famous songs first pub-
lished were as follows: 1867, More Like Jesus; 1868, Safe in 
the Arms of Jesus (the year it was written); 1869, Near the 
Cross, Praise Him; 1870, Pass Me Not, Rescue the Perishing; 
1871, To the Work; 1873, Blessed Assurance, To God Be the 
Glory; 1874, Close to Thee; 1875, I Am Thine O Lord, All the 
Way My Saviour Leads Me, Saviour More Than Life to Me; 1876, 
Tho Your Sins Be as Scarlet, Will Jesus Find Us Watching; 
1880, 'Tis the Blessed Hour of Prayer; 1882, Redeemer; 1883, 
Jesus Is Calling; 1887, He Is Coming Man of Sorrows (under 
the Alice Monteith pseudonym); 1890, He Hideth My Soul; 1894, 
Saved By Grace, I Shall Know Him.
        For a long period of time she was under contract to 
write three hymns a week for a New York publishing firm, 
Bigelow and Main. They purchased 5,900 poems from her and in 
her declining years of health provided a regular allowance 
for her.
        Her books of poems published were in addition to her 
first book of 1844 mentioned previously: Monterey and Other 
Poems (1849); A Wreath of Columbia's Flowers (1859); Bells At 
Evening and Other Poems (1898); and Memories of Eighty Years 
(1907).
        Sankey did more than any other single individual to 
popularize and immortalize Fanny Crosby's songs. The great 
crowds who thronged the Moody-Sankey revivals sang her songs 
until they became part of the heritage of that generation.
        At age 90 she declared, "My love for the Holy Bible 
and its sacred truth is stronger and more precious to me at 
ninety than at nineteen." Asked about her long years, she 
said her secret was that she guarded her taste, her temper 
and her tongue. A famous saying through the years was, "Don't 
waste any sympathy on me. I am the happiest person living."
        Fanny remained active until her death. At age 92, she 
enjoyed her first visit to Harvard. Her latter days were 
spent in Bridgeport, Connecticut, with a Mrs. Booth, who 
cared for her. Shortly before her death, she penned her last 
lines--"You will reach the river brink, some sweet day, bye 
and bye." On her last night, she dictated a letter of comfort 
to a sorrowing friend, whose daughter had recently died. At 
three o'clock the next morning, Mrs. Booth found Fanny uncon-
scious. She slipped away to the loving Saviour just short of 
her 95th birthday.
        Her funeral filled the church with friends. The choir 
sang her favorite song, Faith of Our Fathers, then her own, 
Safe in the Arms of Jesus and Saved by Grace. Her minister, 
George M. Brown, of the Methodist church, said it well:
{BQT}
There must have been a royal welcome when this queen of sa-
cred song burst the bonds of death and passed into the glo-
ries of heaven.
{EQT}
        At her funeral were read words from Eliza Edmunds 
Hewitt, the last verse of a poem freshly written. It said:
{BQT}
Goodbye, dearest Fanny, goodbye for a while; You walk in the 
shadows no more; Around you, the sunbeams of glory will 
smile; The Lamb is the light of that Shore!
{EQT}
        You will find a casual quote on her grave in 
Bridgeport, Connecticut: "She hath done what she could!" 
Buried close by is P.T. Barnum, the circus tycoon, who laid 
up treasures on earth while Fanny's treasures were laid up in 
heaven.

