KWIKSTAT Help Screens
@1,How to Enter Data:Keyboard, or from dBASE III file
@3,How to Use data from a dBASE III file
@4,Setup of the default file path
@5,How KWIKSTAT works
@7,Reports
@8,Descriptive Statistics
@9,Graphics
@10,t-test and ANOVA, paired or independent groups
@11,Simple Linear Regression
@12,Order information
@12,Report Bugs, Vote on enhancements to program
##1

                                    KWIKSTAT

How to enter Data

Data may be entered from the keyboard, or from an ASCII text file. Data 
already stored in a dBASE III file may also be used.


                        ENTERING DATA FROM THE KEYBOARD


STEP 1:Create the structure of your database by selecting the "CREATE"
option in the DATA module. Define names for each variable, maximum width of 
the field, and type of variable. (Character, Numeric, Date, Logical).

STEP 2:Answer "Y" to "Enter data now?" question.

STEP 3:The "EDIT" option in the DATA module may be used to make corrections.

##2
                     ENTERING DATA FROM AN ASCII TEXT FILE

Data may be entered from a standard ASCII file. First, create a database
structure using the CREATE option. This structure should match the columns of 
data in the data file. For example, your data is in a file named 
"MYDATA.TXT". A database structure could be created using the following
format: 

Field Type  Width  Dec

NAME    C    10
AGE     N     2     0
BDATE   D     8
 ^      ^     ^     ^                                                          
 │      │     │     └─────────────Number of decimals in numeric data           
 │      │     └───────────────────Columns where data is found                  
 │      └─────────────────────────Data type
 └────────────────────────────────Variable (field) name                        
                                                                               
This implies NAME is in columns 1-10, AGE in cols 11-12 and BDATE in cols 
13-21. NOTICE:The format MUST be inclusive with respect to column numbers. DO 
NOT SKIP COLUMNS when specifying where data is located.
##3 How to Use data from a dBASE III file 

KWIKSTAT can read data directly from a dBASE III file. In each module, you
may specify which dBASE file to use. The module will display all ".DBF" files 
in the default path. However, you may also call files from other directories 
using drive and path names. For example, if you wish to access a DBF file in 
the subdirectory named DB3, you would specify the name of the dabtabase 
"MYBASE" as 

\DB3\MYBASE      or C:\DB3\MYBASE if it is on disk drive "C:"

It is important to prepare your dBASE file before analyzing it in KWIKSTAT.
Perform all transformations, creation of new variables, grouping variables,
etc. using dBASE.
##4


                     SET UP DEFAULT DISK PATH OR DISK DRIVE


In the DATA module, select the option to set up the default disk drive or
path. This is not needed if the data and program are in the same 
subdirectory, and on the same disk drive. 

If the data is stored in another drive, such as drive B, specify the default
drive, "B:".

If the data is stored in another subdirectory, such as "MYDIR", specify this
as "\MYDIR\" or "C:\MYDIR\"

The default you specify will be tacked onto the beginning of file names you
use in the program.
##5
                               HOW KWIKSTAT WORKS

KWIKSTAT performs a number of statistical and report procedures. Here are the
basic divisions of KWIKSTAT:

Module      Function
------      ---------------------------------------------------------
DATA        Create a database, enter and edit data

REPORT      Output reports about the data, output ASCII text files, and
            examine the contents of the database or other files.

STAT1       Descriptive statistics, graphical presentations, simple
            linear regression and correlation.

STAT2       Comparitive statistics. t-test and Analysis of Variance
            (ANOVA) on independent groups or repeated observations.

STAT3       Regression: Simple and Multiple Linear Regression.

STAT4       Survival analysis:Life tables, comparison of survival rates.
##6
                          TYPICAL USE OF KWIKSTAT

                          ┌──────────────────────┐
                          │  Create database in  │
                          │ dBASE III or KWIKSTAT│
                          └──────────────────────┘
                                    │
        ┌───────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┐
        │                           │                          │
┌─────────────────┐     ┌──────────────────────────┐   ┌──────────────────┐
│  Create Report  │     │  Examine data using      │   │  Compare groups  │
│                 │     │  descriptive procedures: │   │                  │
│  o Output raw   │     │                          │   │  o Chi-Square    │
│    data         │     │  o Detailed statistics   │   │  o t─test        │
│  o Formatted    │     │  o Summary statistics    │   │  o ANOVA         │
│    report       │     │  o Crosstabs             │   └──────────────────┘
└─────────────────┘     │  o Regression            │
                        │  o Survival analysis     │
                        └──────────────────────────┘

##7 Reports
                                    REPORTS

KWIKSTAT allows you to create and output data to the file or printer in the
REPORTS Module. 

1 - You may output a listing of the data in the dataset (or a selected subset
of the database). In this procedure you may specify such report features as 
column headings, inclusion of record number on the report, width and length 
of a page, and title of the report. You may also use a selection procedure to 
output a report on a subset of the database.

2 - You may output the data into a standard ASCII TEXT file. This is useful
for transferring the data to other programs. Along with the output of data, 
you may also output a "format" file, which describes the contents of the text 
file. This may be in "dBASE" format or in "SAS" format. The SAS format file 
(with extension .SAS) can be used to read the data into SAS. 

##8 Descriptive Statistics


                             DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS


In the STAT1 module, you are allowed to examine summary statistics of the 
data in the database. Your options are as follows:

CONTINUOUS DATA:Detailed statistics on one variable or summary statistics
on a number of variables.

Categorical data:Crosstabs, using the contingency table option

Graphics:next screen
##9 Graphics

                                    GRAPHICS

Graphics are used throughout the system to enhance understanding of certain 
statistical procedures. Some of these graphical presentations include:

o HISTOGRAM    : examine the distribution of a continuous variable
o SCATTERPLOT  : examine the relationship between two variables
o RESIDUALS    : examine residuals from linear regression fit.
o BOX PLOTS    : used in detailed statistics and ANOVA's to illustrate
                 the distribtion of a continuous variable, and to
                 compare distributions between groups.
o 3-D BAR CHART: examine three dimensions of a table of counts (enter
                 data in contingency table procedure).
o NEWMAN-KEULS : a graphics presentation of significant differences
                 in means between 3 or more groups is given in the
                 ANOVA procedures.
o SURVIVAL     : a plot of survival times is given in the STAT4 procedure.
##10 t-tests and ANOVA

                              t-Tests and ANOVA's

For Independent Groups:STAT2 module

o Two groups:Student's t-test

o 3 to 10 groups: One way analysis of variance, Newman-Keuls multiple
  comparisons performed at the 0.05 significance level.


For Paired or Repeated Measures:STAT2 module

o Two time periods or two paired observations:Students t-test for paired
  observations.

o 3 to 10 repeated measures: Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance, with 
  Newman-Keuls multiple comparisons.
##11 Linear regression
                               LINEAR REGRESSION

o Comparing paired observations, simple or multiple linear models

o The equation of the line is calculated

o Correlation coefficient, R²

o t-test for significance of parameters

o Scatterplot

o Graphical examination of residuals

o Multiple regression on up to 10 independent variables.
##12

                      BECOME A REGISTERED USER OF KWIKSTAT

                    ORDER ADDITIONAL MANUALS, UPDATED COPIES


See the file ORDER on the distribution disk, or the order form in the manual
to become a registered user, or to purchase bound and more compelete manuals. 
Thanks! 


                           SEE APPENDIX IN MANUAL TO

o report bugs

o vote on enhancements of the KWIKSTAT program

o get list of example data sets


PENDIX IN MANUAL TO

o report b