	id AA01454; Fri, 25 Nov 94 07:05:12 CST
Subject: Conspiracy Nation -- Vol. 2 Num. 99


              Conspiracy Nation -- Vol. 2  Num. 99
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                    ("Quid coniuratio est?")
 
 
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I received the following from a CN reader who wishes to remain 
anonymous. What I plan to do is post the entire document over a 
period of time, most likely in weekly installments. Here is part 2.
 
 +  +  +  +  +  +  +  +  +  +  +  +  +  +  +  +  +  +  +  +  +  +
 
CONSPIRACY: 
THE INVISIBLE SECOND RUNG OF GOVERNMENT 
 
An Investigation and Discussion of that Part of the United       
 States Government Which We Did Not Elect, Which Is Not
  Accountable, Which Is Unconstitutional, Which Is Engaged In
   Unlawful and Unconstitutional Activity, and Then Hides Behind
the National Security Act of 1947
 
 
PART I :
CITATION AND SUMMARY OF SOURCES
 
(continued)
 
 
8.  Melnick, David, Air America, Los Angeles, California, Carolco 
Company/Tristar Pictures, 1990.  Summary:  The CIA secretly ran 
drugs for profit during the Vietnam era.
 
 
9.  Guber, Peter, Lewis, Edward and Mildred, and Peters, Jon, 
Missing, Universal City, California, Polygram-Universal Pictures, 
1982. Summary:  An American father sues the CIA and the U.S.  
Government for the wrongful death of his American son.  His son 
was killed for asking too many questions in a Latin American 
country during a CIA-sponsored coup. After seven years of 
litigation, the supreme Court refused to hear the case for fear 
that it would endanger national security.
 
 
10.  Robins, Natalie, Alien Ink, New York, New York, William 
Morrow & Company, Inc., 1992.  Natalie Robins is an Edgar award- 
winning author.  Summary:  Documents FBI controlling the media 
and American writers from 1911 through 1992 using intimidation, 
phone taps, mail searches, character assassination, extortion and 
entrapment.  Surveillance of who reads what by intimidating 
interrogations of librarians from public libraries documented as 
late as 1988.
 
 
11.  Jensen, Carl,  Censored: The Project Censored Yearbook - The 
News that Didn't Make the News And Why, Chapel Hill, North 
Carolina, Shelborne Press, 1993.  Carl Jensen is a Sonoma State 
University professor.  The book has an Introduction by Hugh 
Downs, anchor for the TV program 20/20.  Summary:  Documents 
institutionalized censorship in the United States in all media 
outlets.  Jensen has formed a panel of reputable and informed 
professionals from all over the united States. Annually, the 
panel evaluates all the stories that were censored by all the 
news media for that year, and then votes the top ten most 
important censored stories.  Jensen then publishes them with an 
analysis of each one in this annual book.
 
 
12.  Moyers, Bill,  The Secret Government:  The Constitution In 
Crisis, Cabin John, Maryland, Seven Locks Press, 1988.  Moyers is 
an award-winning journalist and author.  Summary: Documents how 
too much is being hidden from the American people by black bag 
operations and why secrecy is so dangerous to democracy.
 
 
13.  Marks, John, The Search for the "Manchurian Candidate," New 
York, New York, W. W. Norton & Company, 1979.  Marks is a former 
State Department officer and award-winning investigative 
reporter.  "A 'Manchurian Candidate' is an unwilling assassin 
brainwashed and programmed to kill.  In this book...Marks tells 
the explosive story of the CIA's highly secret program of 
experiments in mind control.  His curiosity first aroused by 
information on a puzzling suicide, Marks worked from thousands of 
pages of newly released documents as well as interviews and 
behavioral science studies, producing a book that 'accomplished 
what two Senate committees could not' (Senator Edward Kennedy)."
 
Milton Kline, a psychologist who served as a consultant, says of 
creating the perfect Manchurian Candidate, "It cannot be done by 
everyone. It cannot be done consistently, but it can be done."
 
The year after Marks first book, The CIA and the Cult of 
Intelligence, was published, Marks went to Saigon on assignment 
for Rolling Stone magazine.  Marks was blacklisted by the CIA and 
kidnapped by twelve Vietnamese soldiers in the middle of the 
night, arrested, and expelled from Vietnam, all at the direction 
of the CIA.  Years later the CIA officer who had directed Marks' 
arrest and expulsion, told Marks that "he was lucky to be alive; 
the Vietnamese (that is, the CIA) might have put him in Chi Hoa 
prison in Saigon, in which Americans didn't survive."
 
The CIA "systematically violated the free will and mental dignity 
of their subjects," whose existence was considered by the CIA to 
be less worthy than their own.
 
Maitland Baldwin was a researcher at the National Institutes of 
Health in 1955 who "wanted to do terminal-type experiments on the 
effect of sensory deprivation."  Dr. Baldwin had projects 
involving beaming "radio frequency energy directly at the brain 
of a chimpanzee and in another cut off one monkey's head and 
tried to transplant it to the decapitated body of another monkey."
 
Why would the CIA involve itself in such unethical and illegal 
situations?  The "official answers to these questions were all 
versions of the schoolboy's all-purpose excuse - the other guys 
did it first."
 
"...[T]o excuse everything afterwards is to permit everything in 
advance.  Some things are wrong under any circumstances, and lots 
of things are wrong when convenience is the real reason for doing 
them." Secrecy under the guise of national security is a problem.  
"Information about the government belongs to the people, not to 
the bureaucrats."
 
Dr. Sidney Gottlieb presided over projects that involved 
"devising a scheme to make Castro's beard fall out; amnesia by 
excessive electroshock; locating deadly poisons for 
assassinations; hunting "down every conceivable gimmick that 
might give one person leverage over another's mind," including 
creating stress and analyzing handwriting.
 
Harvard psychology professor, Henry Murray, says, "Spying is 
attractive to loonies.  Psychopaths, who are people who spend 
their lives making up stories, revel in the field."
 
Richard Helms was the "most important sponsor of mind-control 
research within the CIA.  "Richard Helms, Sid Gottlieb, John 
Gittinger, George White, and many others...would tamper with many 
minds and inevitably cause some to be damaged.  In the end, they 
would minimize and hide their deeds, and they would live to see 
doubts raised about the health of their own minds."  Richard 
Helms lied in his official capacity to other government 
officials.  At the same time that he told Mr. McCone that the 
Soviet menace was reason enough to do this testing, he also told 
the Warren Commission that the Soviets lagged five years behind 
the West in discovering any drug to manipulate a person's free 
will.
 
"Sheffield Edwards, a former Army colonel...personally handled 
joint CIA-Mafia operations."
 
"An agency officer wrote to his boss, 'If this is supposed to be 
covered up as a defensive feasibility study, it's pretty damn 
transparent.'"
 
A psychiatrist acting as consultant to the CIA reported that 
electroshock can produce "excruciating pain" that "could be 
effective as 'a third degree method' to make someone talk," that 
continued shock will reduce them to a vegetable, and that this 
cannot be detected unless subject were tested within two weeks 
with an EEG.
 
It was proposed that another doctor be hired to develop 
"neurosurgical techniques" - presumably lobotomy-connected.  
Treating subjects in such ways (i.e., "holding subjects prisoner, 
shooting them full of unwanted drugs") would violate professional 
ethics and would be an indictable crime (i.e., kidnapping, 
aggravated assault).
 
Cornell Medical School's Dr. Harold Wolff stated, "We expect the 
Agency to make available suitable subjects and a proper place for 
the performance of the necessary experiments."  Normally such 
behavior would lead to arrest and professional disgrace.  But, 
the same behavior under the banner of national security presented 
no legal threat and was hidden from professional colleagues.
 
Professor Richard Wendt from the University of Rochester 
participated in a project of "weakening, if not eliminating, free 
will in others."  He studied "barbiturates, amphetamines, 
alcohol, and heroin," concluding that heroin can be useful [to 
interrogation] in reverse because of the stresses produced 
when...withdrawn from those addicted."
 
Testing drugs on unwitting and unwilling subjects was admitted by 
Dr. Thompson to be unethical, but "we felt we had to do it for 
the good of country."  When asked what would happen if something 
went wrong and a subject died, a CIA agent answered, "Disposal of 
the body would be no problem."  To take care of unwitting 
subjects who might accidentally remember being unwilling subjects 
of drug experiments, the CIA made sure "some stayed in foreign 
prisons for long periods of time."
 
CIA training is that "you can't count on the honesty of your 
agent to do exactly what you want or to report accurately unless 
you own him body and soul....'I never gave a thought to legality 
or morality. Frankly, I did what worked,'" says one CIA agent.  
"The agency has caused family members to be arrested and 
mistreated by the local police, given or withheld medical care 
for a sick child, and, more prosaically, provided scholarships 
for a relative to study abroad."
 
Dr. Frank Olson was experimented upon illegally and negligently, 
the nature of his death hidden for twenty-two years.  He jumped 
out of a tenth floor window after an unwitting bad trip on LSD.  
What the CIA learned from this was to hide it better.
 
The CIA chooses "borderline underworld" types as their victims as 
they would be "powerless to seek any sort of revenge if they ever 
found out what the CIA had done to them."  A CIA agent rented 
apartments in Greenwich Village, San Francisco, and Marin County, 
referring to them a "safehouses."  He then lured guinea pigs 
there, slipped them drugs, and reported the results to his 
superiors.  The CIA used prostitutes as guinea pigs and spies.  
One CIA agent commented on the use of prostitutes, "At first 
nobody really knew how to use them.  How do you train them?  How 
do you work them?"  But the CIA did not stick to underworld 
guinea pigs.  Eventually, they tested unwitting victims from "all 
social levels, high and low."  They tried other drugs besides 
LSD.  One CIA agent recalled, "If we were scared enough of a drug 
not to try it out on ourselves, we sent it to San Francisco."  
Seldom were physicians present to monitor the victim's health.  
Dr. James Hamilton, Stanford Medical School's psychiatrist, 
visited from time to time.
 
Dr. Hamilton ran his own experiments and worked on "everything 
from psychochemicals to kinky sex to carbon-dioxide inhalation."  
He also had "access to prisoners at the California Medical 
Facility at Vacaville."  In one six-month period, it is estimated 
that "he experimented on between 400 to 1000 inmates."
 
Then "they practiced ways to slip LSD to citizens [in public 
places like restaurants, bars, and beaches] while buying them a 
drink or lighting up a cigarette, and then tried to observe the 
effects when the drug took hold."  Occasionally, they "lost an 
unwitting victim in a crowd - thereby sending a stranger off 
alone with a head full of LSD."  When one of their victims became 
ill, the CIA "had a vested interest in keeping doctors from 
finding out what was really wrong, as a 'correct diagnosis' from 
an outside doctor threatened exposure of their unethical and 
illegal practices."
 
Lyman Kirkpatrick, then responsible as Inspector General and who 
"had personal" knowledge of this whole CIA affair and "never 
raised any noticeable objection," now states, "I was trying to 
determine what the tolerable limits were of what I could do and 
still keep my job."  One CIA consultant said, "Something I 
learned very early in government was not to ask questions."
 
George White, the CIA agent responsible for running these 
"'safehouses' wrote an epitaph for his role with the CIA.  'I was 
a very minor missionary, actually a heretic, but I toiled 
wholeheartedly in the vineyards because it was fun, fun, fun.  
Where else could a red-blooded American boy lie, kill, cheat, 
steal, rape, and pillage with the sanction and blessing of the 
All-Highes?"
 
The CIA sometimes slipped someone drugs to make them seem crazy, 
thereby damaging their credibility.  They used LSD on foreign 
prisoners and then interrogated these prisoners.  They did use 
physicians to certify that an unwitting victim was "insane" or to 
prescribe hospitalization or other treatment, only to further 
devastate the victim.  "Anyone blaming his aberrant behavior on a 
drug or on the CIA gets labeled a hopeless paranoid...."
 
The CIA "contracted with Parke, Davis, as it did with numerous 
other drug companies, universities, and government agencies to 
develop behavioral products and poisons from botanicals."  Dr. 
James Moore from the University of Delaware "soon recognized that 
the Agency preferred contractors who did not ask questions."  
When the CIA called in their orders for potent drugs or lethal 
poisons, he simply whipped up a batch and charged his regular 
$100 consultation fee.  "'Did I ever consider what would have 
happened if this stuff were given to unwitting people?' Moore 
asks, reflecting on his CIA days.  'No.  Particularly no.  Had I 
been given that information, I think I would have been prepared 
to accept that....'  Dr. Robert Hyde of Butler Health Center 
"routinely gave Wechsler [Intelligence Tests] to his subjects 
before plying them with liquor, as part of the Agency's efforts 
to find out how people react to alcohol."  With Agency funds he 
"built an experimental party room in the hospital...."
 
"In Kentucky, Dr. Harris Isbell ordered psilocybin injected into 
nine black inmates at the narcotics prison."
 
CIA "officials and contractors kept spreading the [use] of drugs 
by forever pressing new university researchers into the 
field....When a contractor like Harold Abramson spoke highly of 
the drug at a new conference or seminar, tens or hundred of 
scientists, health professionals, and subjects - usually students 
- would wind up trying LSD."  In cities where the CIA ran large 
testing programs like Boston hospitals connected to Harvard 
University, "volunteering for an LSD trip became quite popular in 
academic circles....The intelligence agencies turned to America's 
finest universities and hospitals to try LSD, which meant that 
the cream of the country's students and graduate assistants 
became the test subjects."
 
"In 1969 the Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs published a 
fascinating little study designed to curb illegal LSD use.  The 
authors wrote that the drug's 'early use was among small groups 
of intellectuals at large Eastern and West Coast universities.  
It spread to undergraduate students, then to other campuses.  
Most often, users have been introduced to the drug by persons of 
higher status.  Teachers have influenced students; upperclassmen 
have influenced lower classmen.'  Calling this a 'trickle-down 
phenomenon,' the authors seem to have correctly analyzed how LSD 
got around the country.  They left out only one vital element, 
which they had no way of knowing:  That somebody had to influence 
the teachers and that up there at the top of the LSD distribution 
system could be found the men of  [the CIA operation code-named]  
MKULTRA."
 
Dr. Leo Hollister tested LSD at the VA Hospital in Palo Alto, 
California, giving Ken Kesey his first LSD trip.  Dr. Harold 
Abramson gave "Frank Fremont-Smith, head of the Macy Foundation 
which passed CIA money to Abramson," his first LSD.  Abramson 
also gave it to Gregory Bateson who in turn gave it to Allen 
Ginsberg.
 
The Rockefeller Foundation donated funds that set up the 
psychiatric facility at McGill University, where Dr. Cameron 
worked.  Dr. Cameron was described as "tense and ill-at-ease," 
disinterested and ineffective in psychotherapy, a failure at 
establishing warm personal relations, appearing "to suffer from 
deep insecurity and has a need for power which he nourishes by 
maintaining an extraordinary aloofness from his associates."  He 
was elected president of the American Psychiatric Association in 
1953.  The CIA funded Dr. Cameron's work using prolonged and 
intense electroshock to create a vegetable with no memory.  
Frequent screams of his patients nor other patients' horror 
reactions, such as his dazed patients "groping their way around 
the hospital and urinating on the floor," daunted Dr. Cameron.  
The CIA then funded Cameron "to take the 'treatment' beyond this 
point."
 
He then used patients' previously recorded confidences to further 
humiliate them, combined with electric shocks to their legs as 
they lay in a vegetative state.  Cameron was willing to perform 
terminal experiments (experimenting to the point of death of the 
subject) in sensory deprivation on his own patients.
 
"Cameron died in 1967....The American Journal of Psychiatry 
published a long and glowing obituary...."
 
Dr. Harold Wolff of Cornell University ran a project where the 
CIA funded him almost $85,000 and supplied him with 100 Chinese 
refugees.  Wolff's goal was to "mold these Chinese into people 
willing to work for the CIA," and remain impervious to hostile 
interrogations once they returned to China.  Dr. Wolff also ran 
programs "to test LSD and marijuana, wittingly and unwittingly, 
alone and in combination with hypnosis" on inmates of a mental 
institution.
 
Referring to Dr. Wolff, one CIA associate recalled, "From the 
Agency side, I don't know anyone who wasn't scared of him.  He 
was an autocratic man....talk about mind control!  He was one of 
the controllers."
 
Establishment figures associated with the Board of Directors of 
Wolff's organization included Dr. Joseph Hinsey, head of New York 
Hospital-Cornell Medical Center; Dr. John Whitehorn, Chairman, 
Psychiatric Department at Johns Hopkins University; Dr. Carl 
Rogers of the University of Wisconsin; Dr. Charles Osgood, 
President of the American Psychological Association in 1963; 
Adolf Berle, onetime Assistant Secretary of State and chairman of 
the New York Liberal Party; Leonard Carmichael, head of the 
Smithsonian Institute; Barnaby Keeney, President of Brown 
University; and George A. Kelly from Ohio State University.
 
It was precisely these people's standing in the community that 
was used to mask the CIA's involvement.  Wolff's organization 
provided funding to other researchers, which in turn allowed CIA 
access to those researchers and their work.  They included B. F. 
Skinner from Harvard University; Erwin Goffman of the University 
of Pennsylvania; Dr. H. J. Eysenck of the University of London; 
and David Saunders of the Educational testing Service, the 
company that gives the college board exams.
 
What was violated was "the openness and trust normally associated 
with academic pursuits," as well as the reputation of American 
research work and academic freedom.  A staff member of the 
psychological assessment team that advised the CIA states "he had 
direct knowledge of cases where [their] recommendations led to 
sexual entrapment operations, both hetero- and homosexual.  'We 
had women ready - called them a stable,' he says, and they found 
willing men when they had to."
 
One such psychological assessment was prepared by the CIA "at the 
request of the White House.  To get raw data for the Agency 
assessors, John Ehrlichman authorized a break-in at [Daniel] 
Ellsberg's psychiatrist's office in California."
 
A former CIA psychologist, James Keehner, "pointed out that 
Agency case officers, many of whom 'got their jollies' from such 
[sexual entrapment] work, used a hidden camera to get their 
shots."  Keehner left after getting disgusted with so much 
"planned destructiveness," seeing "if you could destroy a man's 
marriage," targeting someone's "potential mental instabilities," 
and then suggesting "ways to break him down...seeing people take 
pleasure in other people's inadequacies," starting "a minor rumor 
campaign against" someone, "harass[ing] him 
constantly...bump[ing] his car in traffic," a "ratchetlike 
approach" to "break him down."
 
"In 1963 the CIA's Inspector General gave the [psychological 
assessment team] high marks.  The prime objectives are control, 
exploitation or neutralization.  These objectives are innately 
anti-ethical rather than therapeutic in their intent."  CIA agent 
Morse Allen, in studying hypnosis as a control tactic, "asked 
young CIA secretaries to stay after work and ran them through the 
hypnotic paces - proving to his own satisfaction that he could 
make them do whatever he wanted.  He had secretaries steal SECRET 
files and pass them on to total strangers, thus violating the 
most basic CIA security rules.  He got them to steal from each 
other and to start fires.  He made one of them report to the 
bedroom of a strange man and then go into a deep sleep."
 
Allen "simulated the ultimate experiment in hypnosis:  the 
creation of a 'Manchurian Candidate,' or programmed assassin.  
Allen's 'victim' was a secretary whom he put into a deep trance 
and told to keep sleeping until he ordered otherwise.  He then 
hypnotized a second secretary and told her that if she could not 
wake up her friend, 'her rage would be so great that she would 
not hesitate to kill.'  Allen left a pistol nearby, which the 
secretary had no way of knowing was unloaded.  Even though she 
had earlier expressed a fear of firearms of any kind, she picked 
up the gun and 'shot' her sleeping friend.  After Allen brought 
the 'killer' out of her trance, she had apparent amnesia for the 
event, denying she would ever shoot anyone."
 
Allen also used hypnosis to try to create a dissociative split in 
his subjects, "build it into a separate personality, unknown to 
the first...and command it to carry out specific deeds about 
which the main personality would know nothing."  Alden Sears 
while at the University of Minnesota and later at the University 
of Denver also experimented with methods "to build second 
identities."
 
The CIA discussed with foreign police doing a "terminal 
experiment" to see if a hypnotically induced amnesia would stand 
up to torture.  It is not known whether it was carried out due to 
the fact that the CIA denied access to the relevant documents 
under the Freedom of Information suit.
 
One CIA program had three goals relevant to hypnosis:  First, 
rapid induction in unwitting subjects (a patsy); second, durable 
amnesia afterward (the patsy wouldn't remember who put him under 
nor what his orders had been); and third, "to implant durable and 
operationally useful posthypnotic suggestions" (the patsy would 
reliably carry out those orders).  "Hypnosis expert, Milton 
Kline, says he could create a patsy in three months; an assassin 
would take him six."
 
Although it is not known whether the CIA carried out field 
experiments in hypnotically creating a patsies or assassins, it 
would be safe to say they would not be likely to restrain 
themselves for two reasons.  First, finding "expendable" subjects 
certainly presented no barrier to them in the past.  Second, 
their history indicates a paucity of self-imposed limitation in 
the name of ethics, particularly "when they felt they were on the 
verge of a 'breakthrough in clandestine technology.'"
 
Other CIA projects "dealt with ways to maximize stress on whole 
societies" in order to destabilize whole countries by destroying 
their internal integrity.
 
Top level CIA officers "misled and lied to the top echelon of the 
Treasury Department about the safehouses" run by CIA Agent George 
White "and how they were used."
 
The CIA had a lab run by a former CIA germ expert who gave them 
"a quick-delivery capability" and "large-scale production of 
microorganisms."
 
Dr. Carl Pfeiffer from the University of Illinois Medical School 
and later from Emory University "tested LSD and other drugs on 
inmates of the Federal penitentiary in Atlanta," as well as "on 
the prisoners at the Bordentown reformatory."  He was also an 
intelligence source for the CIA as he sat on the Food and Drug 
Administration committee.
 
Dr. Charles Geschickter " tested powerful drugs on mental 
defectives and terminal cancer patients, apparently at the 
Georgetown University Hospital."  He also tried to "knock out 
monkeys with radar waves to the head (a technique which worked 
but risked frying vital parts of the brain)."  The CIA struck a 
deal with the doctor.  They gave him $375,000 and he gave them 
"use of one-sixth of the beds and total space in the facility for 
their own 'hospital safehouse.'  They then would have a ready 
source of 'human patients and volunteers for experimental use.'"
 
Just prior to leaving the CIA, Richard "Helms presided over a 
wholesale destruction of documents and tapes."  Dr. Gottlieb 
"decided to follow Helms into retirement, and the two men 
mutually agreed to get rid of all documentary traces" of all 
their CIA .KV??HW?Y also done by the Agency.  They had access to 
prisoners in at least one American penal institution for these 
experiments.  They also worked to develop a drug to help program 
new memories into their amnesia subjects.  One project conducted 
on the several hundred acre farm in the rural countryside of 
Massachusetts was "stimulating the pleasure centers of crows' 
brains in order to control their behavior."  Another CIA 
researcher said they researched gene manipulation, "creating a 
subservient society was not out of sight."  Another "bombarded 
bacteria with ultraviolet radiation in order to create deviant 
strains."
 
The Army helped the CIA "put together a computerized data base 
for drug testing and supplied military volunteers for some of the 
experiments."  One aim was to isolate "a compound that could 
simulate a heart attack or a stroke in the targeted individual."
 
"A free society's best defense against unethical behavior 
modification is public disclosure and awareness....No matter how 
pure or defense-oriented the motives of the researchers, once the 
technology exists, the decision to use it is out of their 
hands....The technology has already spread to our schools, 
prisons, and mental hospitals, not to mention the advertising 
community, and it has also been picked up by police forces around 
the world."
 
But public disclosure may not be enough, either.  Dr. Cameron 
read papers about electroshocking his patients to the vegetative 
state "before meetings of his fellow psychiatrists, and they 
elected him their president."
 
                   [...to be continued...]
 
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Aperi os tuum muto, et causis omnium filiorum qui pertranseunt.
Aperi os tuum, decerne quod justum est, et judica inopem et 
  pauperem.                    -- Liber Proverbiorum  XXXI: 8-9 

 Brian Francis Redman    bigxc@prairienet.org    "The Big C"
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"Justice" = "Just us" = "History is written by the assassins."
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