Subject: alt.collecting.autographs FAQ
Date: 8 Mar 1996 12:30:01 -0700
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**************************************************************************
ACAFAQ  v1.81 (February 28, 1996)

This is the FAQ for the newsgroup alt.collecting.autographs.
*All suggestions, deletions, additions, questions, remarks, love letters, 
and autograph requests should be sent to Eric Rager (erager@primenet.com).

The latest version of the FAQ is available via the WWW at my homepage:
http://www.primenet.com/~erager/

This FAQ is a growing, evolving document.  Plese e-mail me with comments
at erager@primenet.com
**************************************************************************
This FAQ is in the public domain.  If you're going to distribute it,
please do so in it's entirety.  I've been repeatedly tempted to include 
articles from magazines, but in respecting their copyright I have chosen
not to.  This FAQ's contents imply no guarantees.  Most comments here are
based on opinion.

The FAQ editor is:
Eric Rager (erager@primenet.com)
http://www.primenet.com/~erager/
Work/Day Phone:  (714) 759-6975
My work address:
CADware Inc.
280 Newport Center Dr.
Suite 130
Newport Beach, CA  92660

FIND AUTOGRAPH INFORMATION ON THE WORLD WIDE WEB!
http://www.pb.net/~michaelj/autograp.html
http://www.albany.edu/~ss4569/autograph.html
http://pages.ripco.com:8080/~pvranas/autog.html
http://www.io.org/~akennedy
http://204.77.70.202/
http://www.entrepreneurs.net/autographics/
http://wimsey.com/~jchim/autos.html
http://www.stern.nyu.edu/~mkao/autographs.html
http://www.public.iastate.edu/~dsmallng/

**************************************************************************
TABLE OF CONTENTS
**************************************************************************

1.0     BASIC INFORMATION
1.1     What is alt.collecting.autographs?
1.2     What posting rules are there to a.c.a?
1.3     What do all these abbreviations mean?

2.0     AUTOGRAPHS BY MAIL
2.1     Where do I get addresses?
2.2     How do I get addresses from the a.c.a newsgroup?
2.3     Where should I buy a list?
2.4     Research! - What are some books with addresses in them?
2.5     How should I send my autograph request?
2.6     Are there any guidelines for the content of the letter?
2.7     What kind of responses will I get through the mail?
2.8     If you get these autographs through the mail, how do you
        know if they're truly authentic?
2.9     Should I send pictures to be signed?
2.9.1   Where can I acquire unsigned photos?
2.10    How should I protect autographs/pictures in the mail?
2.11    Other items for autographs: Books
2.12    Other items for autographs: Engravings
2.13    Other items for autographs: First Day Covers

3.0     AUTOGRAPHS IN PERSON
3.1     How should I approach a celebrity with an autograph request?

4.0     AUTOGRAPH VALUES, SIGNING PREFERENCES, ETC.
4.1     Personalized or Not?
4.2     Is a personalized autograph worth less than otherwise?
4.3     How would I remove a personalization if I wanted?
4.4     AUTOPEN Information

5.0     DETAILS ON VARIOUS AUTOGRAPH TOOLS
5.1.1   Type of Pens to Use
5.1.2   Pens for Autographing Dark Items
5.2     How can I remove pen marks?
5.3     These new sports cards are too slick to sign, what can I do?

6.0     OTHER AUTOGRAPH RESOURCES
6.1     The Autograph Homepages
6.2     Autograph IRC
6.3     Autograph Publications
6.4     Autograph Collecting Clubs
6.5     Movie Database
6.6     Autograph Authentication

7.0     POSTAGE
7.1     How do I send autograph requests to foreign countries?
7.2     What are US Domestic Postal Rates?
7.3     What are US International Postal Rates?
7.4     What are Canadian International Postal Rates?
7.5     How to buy Canadian Stamps outside of Canada.
7.6     How to buy U.S. Stamps outside of the U.S.

8.0     List of VERY Important FAQ Contributors
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

**************************************************************************
Frequently Asked Questions for alt.collecting.autographs
**************************************************************************

1.0     BASIC INFORMATION
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

1.1     What is alt.collecting.autographs?

This is a usenet newsgroup dedicated to philography, or collecting 
autographs of all kinds.  We collect autographs of celebrities, sports 
figures, politicians, and more.  Although many of the posts are about 
getting autographs through the mail, that's not the limit of discussion 
encouraged on a.c.a.  We gladly encourage postings on anything to do with 
autographs.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------

1.2     What posting rules are there to a.c.a?

This is an unmoderated group, so there's nothing preventing you from 
posting whatever you want, but here are a few suggestions:

1)      The Golden Rule -- treat others with respect.
2)      Don't just post requests for addresses-post comments, stories, etc.
3)      Help us out by putting clear headers on your posts:

        Examples:
                FOR SALE:  Charlie Chaplin Autographed Picture
                SELLING:  Mickey Mantle Auto BB 
                WANT ADDRESS:  Jesse Jackson
                REQ:  Reggie Jackson Signed Ball
                WTB: Any Autographs from the 50's!

        This way, if someone isn't interested, they can skip your post.

4)      If you're trying to sell something, keep your post brief. Don't post
        hundreds of items.
5)      If someone ticks you off, try E-Mail rather than making your spat a
        public matter.  
6)      Please lay off MAKE_Money_FAST! Posts and the like.  If your 
        post is simply spamming (like, *Hot Babes! Call us!*), expect 
        the regulars of the newsgroup to send lengthy and unkind responses 
        to your mailbox.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

1.3     What do all these abbreviations mean?

        Key Abbreviations - every autograph collector should know

        A.L.S. - Autograph Letter Signed
        L.S. - - Letter Signed
        T.L.S. - Typed Letter Signed
        D.S. - - Document Signed
        S.P. - - Signed Photograph
        A.N.S.- Autographed Note Signed
        A.D.S.- Autographed Document Signed
        I. - - - - Inscribed (i.e. personalized)
        I.S.P. - Inscribed Signed Photo
        A.Q.S.- Autographed Quotation Signed
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

2.0     AUTOGRAPHS BY MAIL
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

2.1     Where do I get addresses?

You can get addresses for notable people from many sources.  One of the 
best sources of guaranteed addresses is the alt.collecting.autographs 
newsgroup.  You should also try the autograph homepages and you can also 
buy lists, books or find listings in autogrpaph publications. More on 
each of to follow.

Following are some ideas for where you can get addresses for sending 
autograph requests:

SOME OF THE AUTOGRAPH HOMEPAGES HAVE ADDYS:
http://www.pb.net/~michaelj/autograp.html
http://www.albany.edu/~ss4569/autograph.html
http://pages.ripco.com:8080/~pvranas/autog.html
http://www.io.org/~akennedy
http://204.77.70.202/
http://www.entrepreneurs.net/autographics/
http://www2.msstate.edu/~cjh4/index.html

GET THE "FABULOUS TRENCHCOAT LIST"
Just send E-Mail (make it nice at least) to Pooky Kirby at:
kirby001@gladstone.uoregon.edu, and he'll mail you his free address list

FURTHER SUGGESTIONS -- BE RESOURCEFUL!:

Politicians and Notable People:  
-Who's Who books at the library
-Reference books for their office: Congressional Directory, Almanac, etc.

Sports Stars:
-send c/o Current Team
-send c/o Their Hall of Fame (if they're in one)
-Home address from books/magazines

Celebrities:
-Who's Who books at the library, Current Biography books
-Write c/o their show, network, movie studio, etc.
-Ask/Lurk here! (more on that later)
-Buy a list (more on that later)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

2.2     How do I get addresses from the a.c.a newsgroup?

So, you really want to mail an autograph request to some certain celebrity.
Your attempts at the library and the autograph homepages haven't worked.  
Now it's time to try the great populace of the alt.collecting.autographs 
newsgroup.

Here's a few guidelines:
1)      Be Polite!
2)      Please don't post an message saying "Send Me All Your Addresses!" 
        Instead, if you have one or a few celebrities that you're looking 
        for, post a polite message asking if anyone will post so-and-so's
        address and if they have any feedback on successful attempts at 
        his autograph.
3)      Respond in kind if you can by posting addresses.
4)      Post your successes and failures for all to share.

A few comments:

Many members of the newsgroup love to share the addresses that they have.  
In fact, users like "The Outlaw", UDUBB, and Jim Weaver (who sells an 
address list) have been very helpful in responding to WANT ADDRESS posts.  
However, please don't deluge members of the newsgroup with e-mailed 
requests for addresses.  Try to do some homework on your own first.  
A few tips might be: 1) Lurk for awhile and see how many addresses get 
posted regularly, 2) Check out the WWW homepages (URL's at top of this FAQ) 
for addresses.  Believe me, Bob Hope's address has been posted over 50 
times (by kind users, by the way).  Just look for yourself before you ask, 
it's much more rewarding that way, right?
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

2.3     Where should I buy a list?

Well, you're new to the hobby, and you really want to get going now!  
There are proven and reliable address lists available for a price.  
Here are a few sources.  This does not imply endorsement.

 To Buy Address Lists:
        
        Contact Jim Weaver at: WEAVERJIM@aol.com
        Celebrity Address Listings 
        Jim Weaver's Address Lists
        405 Dunbar Drive     
        Pittsburgh, PA 15235   

        Contact Troy Brackett at: LSRH39A@prodigy.com
        Provides Lists in:        
        a) list format
        b) "address book" format
        c) and on disk

        Debbie Wills (DebWills@aol.com)
        Debbie's Lists
        14720 Pebble Hill Lane
        Gaithersburg, MD  20878
        Addr & Signing Habits of: Olympics, Sports HOF's, Negro Leaguers

        Celebrity Addresses & E-Mail Addresses
        G. Howard (ApexApex@aol.com)
        8306 Wilshire Blvd.
        Suite 6033
        Beverly Hills, CA  90211

        Celebrity Access 
        Celebrity Access Publications         
        20 Sunnyside Avenue; Ste A241   
        Mill Valley, CA 94941-1928
   
        Christensens Celebrity Addresses 
        Cardiff by-the-sea Publishing   
        6065 Mission Gorge Road         
        San Diego, CA 92120
   
        CHAN - Celebrity Home Addresses Newsletter 
        Allen Thompson
        4343 Monaghan Point Road     
        Alpena, MI 49707
      
        Space
        J.P. Esders
        Av. Huart-Hamoir 45
        B-1030 Brussels Belgium

        V.I.P. Address Book 
        c/o Assoc. Media Comp. Ltd.   
        P.O. Box 10910  
        Marina Del Rey, CA 90295-8864
   
        9600 Celebrity Addresses        
        A.C.S.  
        P.O. Box 5869   
        Glendale, CA 91221-5869
   
        The Baseball Address List - by R.J. Smalling
        2308 Van Buren Ave.
        Ames, IA  50010
        $17 ppd, Volume #8 now available
        See their Website at:  http://www.public.iastate.edu/~dsmallng/

        Celebrity Addresses - over 10,000    
        J.G. Bell       
        P.O. Box 1575
        Americus, GA 31709
--------------------------------------------------------------------------   

2.4     Research! - What are some books with addresses in them?

Who's Who in America - found in your library's reference section
There are usually many Who's Who books, like WW in Entertainment, WW in
Military, etc.  Check your library to see what resources are available.

Current Biography - found in your library's reference section 
     
The Sports Insider's Address Book - Published by Contemporary Books
  
The Baseball Address List - by R.J. Smalling
2308 Van Buren Ave.
Ames, IA  50010
$17 ppd, Volume #8 now available
   
The Address Book - by Michael Levine
   
The Baseball Fan's Complete Guide to Collecting Autographs 
- by Buck Kronnick

E-Mail Addresses of the Rich & Famous -- by Seth Godin
--------------------------------------------------------------------------   

2.5     How should I send my autograph request?

Here are a few rules on the basic mechanics:
* Write a letter
* Always include an SASE (Self-Addressed Stamped Envelope) with your request 
  (active Federal-level politicians get "free mail").  Make sure it includes 
  enough postage.  This is the most critical item for getting a response.
* Send a picture/card or ask for a picture or card to be signed
* Put your return address on outgoing envelope
* Good Advice: Keep track of your autograph requests. I keep a send/receive 
  log I made in Microsoft Excel.  It helps me identify how long it took; 
  what I sent vs. what I got back, etc.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

2.6     Are there any guidelines for the content of the letter?

The basic idea is to be nice and be genuine.  If you don't know who Chubby 
Checker is, why would you want his autograph?  If you're into autographs 
for the money and don't really care about the celebrity, then you'll 
have to fake it.  Good luck chasing the money anyway, if you can get them 
for free through the mail, then so can anyone.

1)  Address the letter respectfully.  Send it to Dear Mr. Redford, not 
    "Dear Robert".  Use the person's title if they have one, like: "Dear 
    President Reagan".
2)  Write something that makes the person aware that you're really a fan.  
    Mention a film or a game that is important.  Say something special 
    you like about the person.
3)  Ask for the autograph using words like "please" and "thank you".    
4)  Make the letter one page or less.
5)  Try to make your letter stand out somehow.

*************Example Letter****************
Here is a sample letter I write to hockey players.  
It includes an SASE and one or two hockey cards to be signed.  
When this is hand-written with double spaces, it takes up a full page.

Dear Mr. Hebert,

I wanted to write this letter to say that I'm really a big fan of yours 
and of the Mighty Ducks.  I've already had the chance to see one game in 
person this year and I've seen you play several times on T.V.  I got a 
chance to see you beat Winnipeg a few months ago.  You really played 
great against their good offense.

I really think the Ducks are lucky to have you as their goaltender, you're 
playing great, and I hope you stay here in Anaheim for a long time.

If you have the time, I would be very grateful if you'd please sign 
my enclosed hockey card.  Thanks very much.

Your Fan,

Eric
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

2.7     What kind of responses will I get through the mail?

When you send an autograph request in the mail, you can get one of 
these responses:
1) No Response/Wrong Address
2) Response -- but No Autograph
   Hopefully, at least you got back what you sent.  These may sometimes
   include promotional items, pictures, team information, etc.  Some 
   include an "I'm too busy" letter, and some include a "donation required" 
   letter.  Even others have limits on the types of items they will sign.
3) Response -- with Autograph
   This can take several forms.
        a) All your items signed (if you sent them)
        b) Only one of your items signed 
        c) None of your items signed, but an enclosed letter, photo
           or other item is signed.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

2.8     If you get these autographs through the mail, how do you
        know if they're truly authentic?

If you've reached the stage where you have an autograph returned,
how should you determine it's authenticity?  

Your autograph could be one of these things:
a)  Authentic!
b)  "Secretarial" or "Ghost Signer"  
    This would be signed by someone other than the celebrity.
c)  Pre-printed autograph
d)  Autopen

There are ways to discern the differences between these.  A good way is
to ask for the person's signing habits in the a.c.a newsgroup.  You can
scan in their signature and compare it with others in the newsgroup
using GIF or JPG formats in the alt.binaries.autographs newgroup.  
You can also compare your autograph to those being sold by a dealer.

If you want to tell whether the signature is pre-printed on the photo,
this is pretty easy to detect on a glossy.  Just hold the photo up to a 
light at an angle and look at the surface where the signature is.  
If the gloss is over the signature it probally a pre-printed signature. 

Sometimes there are also ways to determine whether an autopen has been used.
However, autopen technology is continually improving.  The a.c.a. newsgroup 
people frequently know whether certain celebrities use an autopen.  There 
are some distinguishing autopen characteristics, but a cautious approach 
should lead you to hold some doubt for all autographs you get through the 
mail.  See the section of this FAQ on Autopens.

**************************************************************************
Here are some comments by an autograph dealer on how he handles the
question of authenticity:

I have been reading the posts on authenticity of autographs via the
mail. Like most people have said there is no guarantee you are going to
get a personally signed item back. 

We get our autographs by 3 ways: The first is in person, #2 is from other 
reputable dealers and the third way is through the mail. 

The items we recieve through the mail and from other dealers are compared 
to several other in person signatures (the copies of the in person 
signatures are obtained from magazines & books in the field for example 
autograph collector, autograph times, & the Sanders price guide to 
autographs as well as in person signatures we already have) Remember the 
signatures should not be identical stroke for stroke.  If so, you are 
dealing with a possible autopen. 

A handy tool we use for autopens is an item called an autodeck.  It contains 
known autopen signatures on clear acetate that you can lay over the 
signature.  If it matches you can bet the signature in question is an 
autopen. On the really tough ones the signatures we can not say are real or 
fake I send to some of the larger dealers to get their opinion.  Anything 
thought to be fake or known to be fake is put in a file for later reference. 

A good deal of the items we have seen through the mail are
indeed real. We have also seen a lot of fakes. You just have to be
careful and use every resource avalible to authenicate. if you do not
intend to sell them or trade them and just want to collect for fun then
don't worry about them just hang em and enjoy em. I hope this has
helped!

Don Abramo
From The Pen Autographs & Collectibles
dabramo@apollo3.com
**************************************************************************
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

2.9     Should I send pictures to be signed?

Well, it's up to you.

Some autograph collectors send a picture to be signed, others don't.  An
advantage to sending a picture is that you can have an item that you like
with an autograph on it.  The main drawback is the expense of the picture.

Sometimes, even people who send a picture get a pre-signed publicity 
picture back instead.  I frequently send sports cards to players, but 
this cost is really minimal.  I also try sending cut-outs from magazines
glued on to 8 x 10 thick paper or card stock.

Here are three recent posts on this matter, two from people
who don't send pictures, and one who does.

+++
I have never sent a picture to have signed, I request an autographed
picture.  Advantage- you have no idea what kind of picture you will get. 
Disadvantage- you have no idea what kind of picture you will get.  (hey,
that was kinda deep!)  I have had good response to my requests.
- O U T L A W
+++
+++
Some stars pay for the photos they return to you out of their own pocket.
(ie:  Florence Henderson replies to all her mail, but she admits it's 
expensive to do so.)  I always send my own material because I want to help
the actors as much as possible.  They are already doing me a big favor when
they return an authentic signature to me.  The least I could do is provide
them with all the materials (photo, SASE, cardboard, and in one instance,
a Sharpie) they need. Also, I feel that sending my own stuff reduces the 
chances of them returning an autopenned autograph or a photo that has a 
pre-printed signature. 
Kenny Hom
khom@netcom.com 
+++
+++
When I first started, I thought I had to buy pictures to send......But
after spending $5 a pic + postage at S&P Parkers, + all the money on
stamps & envelopes, I kinda changed my strategy.  Especially after not
ever seeing the first few again. Simply because several celebs either
chucked or kept my picture, & sent one they had already signed.  Most
celebs have some kind of pictures or something around to respond to fan
mail.  I imagine most big stars never even read my letter & a secretary
just grabs a pre-signed pic out of a pile & puts it in my SASE. I agree
that if you can come up w.a picture or something cheaply it may help get
ya an authentic autograph. I was doing a lot of magazine covers for a
while. But, I also wonder if ya may come off looking kinda like a dealer
by including 8x10 color pics w. cardboard & the works. For example, I once
started writing "Picture; DO NOT BEND" on some of my SASE's.  Those I
never got back.........coincidence??  I tend to believe that method looked
too greedy, like I expected a picture & one that wasn't bent either!  Now,
I try to look more like a beginner, & real fan rather than someone who is
sending out SASE's & pictures to everyone...............  
-AddyMasterB@aol.com
+++
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

2.9.1   Where can I acquire unsigned photos?

None of these listings constitute an endorsement.

Here are some places to buy photographs:

Movie Star News         
134 West 18th Street 
New York, NY 10011
Phone No.:(212) 620-8160

Eric D. Sanchez         
P.O. Box 14410 
Phoenix, AZ 85063-4410

Vintage Prints          
P.O. Box 84546 
Vancouver, WA 98684     
Phone:(206) 944-1221

S & P Parkers           
P.O. Box 1868 
Laguna Beach, CA 92652
Phone:(714) 376-0326  Fax:(714)376-0327

Milton T. Moore         
P.O. Box 140280 
Dallas, TX 75214-0280

Hummerdude's            
P.O. Box 4348 
Dunellen, NJ 08812      
Phone:(908) 424-9367

Sy Sussman              
2962 S. Mann Street 
Las Vegas, NV 89102

Stephen Sally   
Times Square Station 
P.O. Box 646 
N.Y., NY 10036

Jerry Ohlinger's Movie Material Store Inc.
242 West 14th Street
New York, NY 10011
Phone:(212)989-0869  Fax:(212)989-1660

Space Images
P.O. Box 1909
Kerrville, TX 78029-1909 

Cinema City
P.O. Box 1012
Muskegon, MI 49443

New York Sports Images
P.O. Box 47
Commack, NY 11725
Fax(516)543-6625

Other ideas for acquiring photos:

You may often buy photographs from your local newspaper.  Photography 
departments sell photographs taken by their photographers.  Contact the 
newpaper in your area for more information.  This is often an inexpensive 
source for photos.
 
You may also try obtaining photographs from national newspapers and news 
services.  These are often very expensive and impractical for most 
situations, but they are sometimes the only source available for certain 
photographs.  Here are two sources:
 
The New York Times
Pictures 9th Floor
The New York Times News Service
229 West 43rd St
New York NY 10036
Sells black and white photos taken by and published in the New York Times.  
Photos are very expensive (from $35 to $110).  Contact the New York

The Associated Press/Wide World Photos
50 Rockefeller Plaza
New York NY 10020.  
Photos are $85 for color 8 X 10 and $65 for black and white 
(student discounts are available).  Contact AP for an order form.

The United States Department of Defense sells photographs related to 
military subjects from 1982 to the present.  Photos are inexpensive you 
must know what photo you are looking for.  You must also pay a research 
fee for the photograph. 

The National Archives also sells photographs of historical subjects, 
taken prior to World War II.  These photos are excellent and are great 
to frame with signatures of historical figures.  Prices are inexpensive, 
but again you must know what photograph you're looking for.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

2.10    How should I protect autographs/pictures in the mail?

Well, there's no guarantee that your mail won't be damaged regardless
of what you support it with, but I've had most use simple cardboard.  
Use a piece large enough to fill the envelope you're sending the picture 
in (the size is important; you don't want the thing sliding around in the 
envelope) and mail it with the picture.  You may want to request that the 
recipient include the cardboard in the return envelope should they decide 
to respond.  Some collectors use a file folder to protect the autograph 
from bending in the mail AND to protect the signature from smearing in 
the envelope.

You should also write DO NOT BEND - PHOTOS ENCLOSED on both sides of your
envelopes so that your mail will be handled carefully by the post office 
(hopefully).

--------------------------------------------------------------------------

2.11    Other items for autographs: Books

USED BOOK STORES are a great source for finding inexpensive
collectibles for autographing.  You can pick up autobiographies of
some of your favorite celebs anywhere from $3-$10 for a hardback;
most of which are no longer available through regular bookstores.
Celebrities often respond favorably to a request of this type...not
only have you sent them a book they have written, but you have
clearly gone out of your way to send something of interest to both
of you.

You can also get books inexpensively through a source of overstock books.  
Overstocks are surplus books that are slightly out-of-date and are hard 
to sell, so bookstores sell them at huge discounts.  One such bookstore is
Edward R. Hamilton, Bookseller.  This company sells overstocked books at 
very low prices, mostly in the $3-5 range.  Ask for a free catalog by 
writing to: Edward R. Hamilton, Falls Villiage CT 06031-5000. 

Before mailing, take off the dustjacket to avoid damage from
handling.  Use a post-a-note that is noticeable with the book
closed to indicate where you would like the book signed and the
desired inscription.  If you politely request a photo in your
letter; you may get one back with the book.  If possible, use a
Bubble-wrapped mailer for your return mail -- include your book and
letter in here with a note on the outside for the person to look
inside for your letter.  Send the book priority mail using the
large soft Priority Mail mailer; many books are under the two pound
limit.  Jiffy bags work great, but are much bulkier, heavier and
more expensive to mail.

[Information from: Debbie Wills, and Stephen Beck]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

2.12    Other items for autographs: Engravings

Engravings and prints of Presidents, Chief Justices, and public buildings 
are available from the Bureau of Engraving and Printing. These are 
excellent items for autographing.  For more information and an order form 
write to: 

Department of the Treasury 
Bureau of Engraving and Printing 
14th and C Streets SW 
Room 602-11A 
Washington DC 20228.

[information from Stephen Beck]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

2.13    Other items for autographs: First Day Covers

Some collectors send first day covers for signing. First day covers are 
special envelopes printed especially for a new stamp, which are then 
cancelled with a First Day of Issue designation.  The FDC is related to 
the celebrity who signs.  For example, a Chemistry FDC could be sent to 
a Nobel prize winner in Chemistry.  The advantages to sending FDCs is 
that they are inexpensive to send and are more interesting than 
a plain index card.  You can buy first day covers at your local stamp 
collectors store or through the mail from:

Bell Stamp Company
Box 1
Whatcheer, IA 50268
PH: (515) 634-2162

[information from Stephen Beck]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

3.0     AUTOGRAPHS IN PERSON
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

3.1     How should I approach a celebrity with an autograph request?

Etiquette here is really important.  Remember to respect the celebrity's
privacy, and treat them with respect.  The a.c.a newsgroupers have good
stories of success, so don't be afraid to go up to a celebrity!

As for approaching a celeb for an autograph, it has been suggested that
you DON'T RUN! It has to be scary for a celeb to watch several fans 
*running* at him or her, and I've seen celebs/sports stars run away 
from running fans.  

Also, just be polite, say please and thank you.  And if they LOOK like
they don't want to be bothered, chances are that they don't want to be
bothered.  But it never hurts to ask.  Try not to bother them if they're 
eating.  It seems like the most common courtesy, but it's amazing how 
many people screw this one up.  

When getting a celeb in person, you're usually not the only one waiting
for the celeb, or who's noticed the celeb.  So DON'T BE OBNOXIOUS!  If you
say something stupid (like insist on dozens of sigs), or offend the celeb,
chances are the celeb won't sign for the other people.  And that will PISS
people off.  I know someone who was stiffed by David Robinson after some
kid went up and asked for something like a "tenth" autograph or 
something.  Hell hath no fury like an autograph-hunter scorned by someone
else's stupidity.    

If you see someone and they are with their family and/or definitely on
personal time, you might just go and say hello and how much you like
their work, or whatever and then ask where you could write them for an
autograph.  You might be surprised and have them offer right there.  
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

4.0     AUTOGRAPH VALUES, SIGNING PREFERENCES, ETC.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

4.1     Personalized or Not?

Some a.c.a posters think that ASKING for a personalized autograph (both
in-person, and via mail) increases chances of success.  The thinking
in this is that the celebrity is more likely to be assured that the
autograph is for your enjoyment, and not for sale.  

Here are a few recent anecdotes from a.c.a.:

When I get someone in person that I know is not a good signer I'll ask 
them to personalize it.  For instance yesterday I was hanging out at this 
mall the Dallas Mavs were shopping in, and saw Jamal Mashburn.  
Now, Jamal Mashburn is not a good signer [in] ... my past experience.  
So he was doing just this, and then I approached him and asked him to 
personalize and he signed two for me! 

For me I try to get any in person signatures inscribed to me. Those are 
mine and they actually mean something to me because I know at the time I 
met the star the signature was for me. It means something. I also ask for 
an inscription in the mail but it's just not the same. Not really sure if 
they really signed it or not in the mail so I don't really send out much 
anyway but would prefer it inscribed. 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

4.2     Is a personalized autograph worth less than otherwise?

I assume people are meaning "resale price value", and that's what this 
will try to answer.  As far as personal value in my collection, I like
if the autograph is inscribed to me!

As far as value goes inscriptions do matter most of the time. It all 
depends on various factors. If it's a vintage autograph and the star is 
deceased and he didn't sign much then the inscription doesn't matter. If 
it's a current star who signs everything a inscribed photo would be worth 
quite a bit less. Depends on how many were signed. Someone like Kate 
Hepburn it doesn't really matter. Fans just want an autograph because she 
does not sign much..

One noted "rule of thumb" is if there are many available uninscribed 
autographs
of a particular celebrity, then an inscribed photograph will be worth less.
In the case of scarce autographs, the price of an inscribed photo is no less 
or only marginally less than an uninscribed autograph.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

4.3     How would I remove a personalization if I wanted?

You could try to take off a paint pen with WD-40, and a sharpie with alcohol, 
according to one poster, but I personally don't advise altering the signature.
(See section on type of inks/ink removers)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

4.4     AUTOPEN Information

***Basic tips when looking for an Autopen:***
-Look if the signature has perfectly even ink flow throughout (an autopen 
characteristic)
-Look if the sig had even ink flow even at the beginning and end of the 
signature (i.e. no lift-off effect with pen)
-Look for odd squiggly lines that are un-natural
-Try to match with other autopenned sigs of same person
-Person's position (politicians, high-demand celebs/athletes, executives, etc. 
would be much more likely to have an autopen than an "ordinary" athlete)


***More detailed info on autopens***

This is a review of the article "The Elusive Autopen" by Kevin Martin.  It
appeared in _Autograph Collector's Monthly_, Oct 1994.  In respecting
his copyright, I have chosen not to include it verbatim.  This article was 
written with the assitance of an "inside source" at an autopen manufacturing 
company.  This is my "report" on the article.  -- (FAQ Editor: Eric Rager 
<erager@primenet.com>)

There have been many approaches to determining whether an autograph has
been written using an autopen.  However, technology has advanced such 
that if given just one single instance of an autograph, there is no way to 
determine it's authenticity beyond a doubt.  The key factor is having 
another genuine autograph with which to compare.

The traditional method to detect an autopen signature would be that an 
autopen would sign with a shaky signature or leave heavy ink at the bottom 
of the letters.  However, this autopen company source claims that this would 
only happen if the machine's speed was turned up higher than the normal 
speed -- which is about 300 signatures/hour!

An autopen is a machine that can automatically reproduce an autograph using
any type of pen.  The autopen can sign up to 3,000 signatures in a day.
An autopen has springs and metal arms and is about the size of a
school desk.  The user inserts the pen of their choice into the end of 
the arm.

An autopen works from something called a "signature matrix".  This is the 
master plate that the Autopen company makes from an actual signature.  The
matrix is not expensive.  It can contain up to ten words, which may include
a standard greeting.  Changing an autopen's matrix is fast, so many members
of an office or management agency can use one autopen machine to reproduce
several different signatures.

The signature matrix is developed with a few restrictions.  There currently
isn't support for punctuation like periods an hyphens, although this
may soon be added.  There is also about a 2 1/2 inch restriction on height 
for the signature too.  The matrix lasts about eight months, so the 
celebrity will update their matrix with their ever-evolving signature.

It has also been found that the better autopen machines can be used to
sign items like bats and balls.

There are two models of these autopen machines:  The M80 costs about $3,000;
the M350 costs about $9,000; and an extended service agreement costs about 
$500.  

A strong claim of this article is that autopens are used much more than
suspected in the entertainment industry.  Much of Mr. Martin's information
has come from a "secret source" in a manufacturer of autopen machines.

Many stars and/or management agencies own these machines themselves.  They
may also have their fan mail handled by a professional company which 
handles such requests.  These companies can own their own machines with
a matrix to use for each star.  It is believed that Vincent Price used
such a service for a few years before his passing.

A recommendation by the autopen company is that the celebrity should
use separate matrixes for the inscription and the signature so the machine
can process items quickly and so the two lines can be at different angles
to add authenticity.

Some notable known autopenners (according to the article):
-Every member of Congress has access to one.
-Supreme Court Justices
-Autographs of Presidents since Eisenhower

Besides manufacturing these machines, this company also offers autopen
services.  An example of such a service would be running a batch of
signatures for their customer.  A represtentative from the company says
this is rare, but they have done this for Jimmy Stewart because of his 
stroke.

Further development is being done on a new autopen that uses a CD-ROM
and computer technology that can use the celebrity's handwriting
for a variety of inscriptions and personalizations.  The eventual
goal is the ability to write full correspondence in autopen.

With this knowledge presented to us, the only way to semi-accurately
determine an autopen signature would be to compare it to another.  
An autograph will never be EXACTLY the same in angle, size, or strokes
unless it was done by an autopen.  Of course, the owner of the machine
can order a new matrix as his or her signature changes.  The International
Autopen Company is said to even suggest that clients use more than one 
signature matrix.

One should use common sense when assuming an autograph received by mail is 
authentic.  Consider the popularity of the celebrity and whether they're 
likely to own an autopen.  For instance, if you got a Madonna autographed 
picture in the mail today, you should suspect it's authenticity.  But, don't
worry about a third-string rookie catcher for the Angels having an autopen.  
Of course, even with big celebrities, we can always hold to the hope that 
they've pre-signed pictures for their agency to send out.  

One of my best recommendations would be to post successes and suspicions
to the alt.collecting.autographs newsgroup!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

5.0     DETAILS ON VARIOUS AUTOGRAPH TOOLS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

5.1.1   Type of Pens to Use

[From a Post by ?????]
As for regular Sharpie autographs, I have found that Vis-a-Vis Permanent Ink 
tends to dry a bit quicker than Sharpies. (both of these pens are made by 
Sanford). The problem is that these pens are horrible when used on Baseball
Bats. Overall I have found that for autographing flat items (such as 
pictures, magazines, books, etc.) especially glossy items such as the newer 
baseball cards that the STAEDTLER Lumicolor Permanent Ink works the best. 
It dries almost immediately, I have stacked photo's as soon as they were 
signed without any  smears.  Remember if you get any of the above pens to 
get the PERMANENT INK version as the non-permanent ink versions can easily 
fade or lift off.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

5.1.2   Pens for Autographing Dark Items

For a dark background try using either a silver or gold pen. The companies 
that make these pens are: Sanford, Pilot, and UCHIDA of America. All of these
pens are basically the same. The extra fine point pen is sort of a free 
flowing
ink, and you have to press the pen slightly to keep the ink flowing. The 
problem with this pen is that it sometimes drips and you get this big gold 
(or silver) glob on your print.  The other thicknesses have a felt tip and 
come
in a whole variety of thicknesses. 

As for 8 x 10 pictures, I prefer the Sanford Slim Tip Markers - as they are 
felt tipped and do not drip, but are still thin enough to produce a sharp 
autograph. But this pen too needs to be primed before use (as with all of 
the above pens). The only problem with the felt tip, is when using it on 
cloth items (such as baseball caps) they wear out very fast, but 
on photos they can last a very long time. If you are going to use any of 
these pens, experiment with them for 5 or 10 minutes before you use them.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

5.2     How can I remove pen marks?

As far as removing something from a picture you can use alchohol but this 
sometimes runs into unwanted areas (that you do not want to remove). Another 
option is to use a magic rub eraser, but this often leaves erasure marks on 
the photo. I use something called a solid cleaner and have found it to work
well. It is made by a company called SAKURA and is a SOLID CLEANER. It looks
like a glue stick, you rub it on the area that you want removed, let it
sit for a minute or two, then wipe off with a soft tissue. This process can 
be repeated if necessary. But this must be tested on the item, as to make 
sure that you do not ruin the original photo. I have found it to work well 
on photos and most glossy items.

Another reader has used Dow Scrubbing Bubbles bathroom cleaner to removing 
Sharpie ink from plastic surfaces.

Here's another suggestion:

Use an art eraser, the soft moldable kind only.  When used on the RC coated 
papers that most photos are printed on, it removes sharpie marks without 
even smudging the surface.  After you remove the ink wipe away your finger
prints and you cant even tell it was ever signed.  I doubt its effectivness 
on a 4 color printed card like some of the supermodels send out -- stick 
with the coated papers.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

5.3     These new sports cards are too slick to sign, what can I do?

If you haven't noticed, most new sports cards have a really slick surface
on the card that the hype promotes as "protective".  An unfortunate result
for we autograph hunters is that even Sharpie signatures "bubble up" and 
smear.  To see what I mean, take a new, slick card and try to sign it with 
a Sharpie, then also try to sign with a ball point pen -- the results are 
terrible!

As one solution, buy older cards, especially cheap ones from the late 1980s.
Another solution is to rub the cards with talc or baby powder, this takes 
off this coating, and autographs should stick.  Another reader has found
that Dow bathroom cleaner, sprayed directly on a card and wiped off with a 
tissue after a few seconds works.  Yet another reader suggests that you
take your finger and rub the card for a minute or so.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

6.0     OTHER AUTOGRAPH RESOURCES
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
6.1     The Autograph Homepages

These are good locations to get addresses and learn a few things about
collecting autographs.  Many have scanned images of autographs and
autographed pictures.

***MichaelJ's Autograph Land***
http://www.pb.net/~michaelj/autograp.html

***Autograph Collector's Database***
http://www.albany.edu/~ss4569/autograph.html

***Autograph Central***
http://underground.net/~koganuts/Galleries/autographs01.html

***TVRANAS Autograph Page***
http://pages.ripco.com:8080/~pvranas/autog.html

***Autograph Online***
http://www.io.org/~akennedy

***ScribbleS***
http://204.77.70.202/

***Autographics Home Page***
http://www.entrepreneurs.net/autographics/

***Carl Hovermale's Autograph-related Home Page***
http://www2.msstate.edu/~cjh4/index.html

***Alan Chim's Autograph Page***
http://wimsey.com/~jchim/autos.html

***Michael Kao's Autograph Page***
http://www.stern.nyu.edu/~mkao/autographs.html

***The Smalling Family Baseball Autograph Page***
http://www.public.iastate.edu/~dsmallng/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
6.3     Autograph IRC

Recently, many regulars from alt.collecting.autographs have been gathering
on IRC (Internet Relay Chat).  If you don't know what IRC is, consult the
various IRC groups in USENET, buy a book, or download a "beginners guide
to the Internet."

If you know what IRC is, many a.c.a. folks gather here:

IRC hosts: irc.primenet.com
           irc.mcs.net
Channel:   #autograph or #autographs
When:      Usually between 5PM and 8 PM Pacific Time, but try whenever!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
6.3     Autograph Publications

Autograph Collector           United States $38.00/year
510-S. Corona Mall            Canada/Mexico $72.00/year
Corona, CA 91719-1420         All other countries $93.60/year

Autograph Times - another publication with some address listings
Autograph Times      
2303 N. 44th Street, #225
Phoenix, AZ 85008
or... (I don't know which!)
Autograph Times
1125 W. Baseline Rd., #2-153
Mesa, AZ 85210

$15/year for 10 issues

The Autograph Review
Jeffrey W. Morey
305 Carlton Rd.
Syracuse, NY 13207
$14.95 yearly (6 issues), more overseas.
Say that Debbie Wills (DebWills@aol.com) sent you!  She's one of us, and 
she writes a regular column there.
TAR is a labor of love put out by a long time serious baseball collector. 
The focus is on modern sports and entertainment.  Each issue typically has
about 100-200 addresses, along with with information about who is/isn't
signing, who's charging, obits, general autograph news, and ads (10 cents
a word).  This isn't exactly a new publication either - current edition is
volume 18, #2.  Each issue is about 20-24 pages, small format.

Space Autograph News
Mike Johnson
862 Thomas Ave.
San Diego, CA  92109-3940
$3/issue; $15/yr 6 issues

Autograph Research
Mike Johnson
862 Thomas Ave.
San Diego, CA  92109-3940
$3.00/issue; $30/yr 12 issues

STARS MAGAZINE (German)
Two contacts:
-Roland Stoiber
Rottersdorf 5
94569 Stephansposching
Germany
(Roland speaks English fairly well, but is slower to answer mail)
-Markus Beuttemnueller
Rehweg 4
73061 Ebersbach
Germany
(Markus struggles with English but answers mail quickly.)
STARS has lots of addresses for European soccer teams, European olympic
stars, and world-wide entertainers.  Again, this is a magazine put out by
collectors for collectors.  I pay $20 per year (4 issues) for surface
mail, which takes almost 3 months to deliver.  Air mail would cost way too
much...  There are also ads offereing to sell mint stamps from many
European countries.  You might be able to trade with someone too - I get
requests for mint US stamps every week!  Classified ads are free!
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

6.4     Autograph Collecting Clubs

   United Autograph Collectors Club (U.A.C.C.)

    U.A.C.C.                          United States $22.00/year
    P.O. Box 6181                     Canada/Mexico $25.00/year
    Washington, D.C. 20044-6168       All other countries $36.00/year

    The Manuscript Society
    David R. Smith, Executive Director
    350 North Niagra Street          $25.00 Individual
    Burbank, CA 9150                 $30.00 Institutional


    The Dotted Line
    About The Dotted Line Club:
    We are a pen-pal club made up of people who collect entertainment
    autographs through the mail.  We have a bi-monthly newsletter, 
    with 150-200 addresses per issue, plus 2-4 special editions per 
    year. Membership is $15/year including pen-pals, newsletters, 
    and access to the club through e-mail.  We can be reached at 
    DottedLyne@aol.com

--------------------------------------------------------------------------

6.5     Movie Database

There is an online search engine (available through the World Wide Web)
that may be a valuable resource when composing a letter to your favorite
movie star.  It's called the Movie Database.  It allows you to type in the 
name of an actor, and it will give you a listing of Movies and TV shows 
they have appeared in and also biographical information.  It will also
provide you with information on movies.

URL:  http://www.msstate.edu/Movies/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

6.6     Autograph Authentication

[Stephen Beck writes]
Authentication in autograph collecting is simply someones opinion that 
the autograph is real.  It is not a guarantee that the autograph is real. 
It is important, then, to know the reputation of the authenticator.  

Authenticators: 

Stephen Koschal
P.O. Box 1581
Boynton Beach FL 33425
PH (407) 736-8409

Stephen Beck recommends Stephen Koschal for authentication.  Mr. Koschal is 
a former president of the UACC and is a full-time autograph dealer.  He 
charges $35 to have an official authentication of an autograph, but will 
often send an unsigned opinion on an autograph for $15.  

[Looking for more authenticators to list.  E-Mail me!]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

7.0     POSTAGE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

7.1     How do I send autograph requests to foreign countries?

There are several answers to this question.
   
1. You can get postage from that country to place on the return
   envelope. some of the ways you could possibly get this foreign postage
   are to buy some stamps from a stamp dealer or trade with someone else
   on the internet.  For getting Canadian Postage in the US, see below.

2. You could send a dollar or two. (This is quite chancy).

3. You can send your request without any return postage, explain the
   problem to the star and hope that they send you the return autograph.

4. You can go to any U.S. Post Office and purchase IRC's 
   (International Return Coupons). They cost $1.05  each. They can be
   redeemed in most countries for postage at their local postage centers.
   They are usually redeemed for about 15 grams of airmail postage in 
   foreign countries (a little over 1/2 ounce). This is probably the most 
   common method used.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

7.2     What are US Domestic Postal Rates?

To US Destinations:
First ounce             32 cents
Each Additional ounce   23 cents  up to 11 ounces.  
After 11 ounces, there is a flat $3 up to two punds.

Notes:

Mail larger than letter size that weighs under an ounce requires an 11-cent
surcharge, or 43 cents total.  Mail over letter size that weighes two ounces
or more follows the above rate schedule. 

US Postal Information can be retrieved from:  http://www.usps.gov
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

7.3     What are US International Postal Rates?

These rates are effective July 9, 1995

CANADA
0 to 1/2 ounce          46 cents
1/2 to 1 ounce          52 cents
1.5 ounces              64 cents
2 ounces                72 cents
3 ounces                95 cents
4 ounces                $1.14
5 ounces                $1.33
Looks like 19 cents per additional ounce up to 12, then $3.42 to 1 lb.

ALL FOREIGN COUNTRIES EXCEPT CANADA AND MEXICO
0 to 1/2 ounce          60 cents
1/2 to 1 ounce          $1.00
1.5 ounces              $1.40
Then 40 cents per 1/2 ounce up to 12 ounces

(For non-US types, an ounce is about 28 grams.)

US Postal Information can be retrieved from:  http://www.usps.gov

--------------------------------------------------------------------------

7.4     What are Canadian International Postal Rates?

Rates for Canadian mail to the United States:

It costs 52-cents (Canadian) in postage to send a letter from Canada to the
US.  Since I personally send hockey cards there to be autographed, a
small envelope is all I need.

As of 8/1/95
Here's a quick cost summary: (in Canadian $$$)
Standard letters to USA from Canada are 52 cents (30g).  
Standard letters to other countries are 90 cents (30g).

Old info (increased)!  Being Changed!  
Over 50g were 74 cents.  
Oversize letters were $1.13 to 100g.  
Over 100g was $2.16

--------------------------------------------------------------------------

7.5     How to buy Canadian Stamps outside of Canada.

Buy from the Canadian Post Office Directly!  All you need is a credit
card.  They don't charge a premium, and don't even charge for shipping 
(after all, this IS the Canadian Postal Service).

Mail Poste
1-800-565-4362  (dial from US and Canada)
(902) 863-6550  (dial direct from other countries)
National Philatelic Centre
75 St. Ninian St.
Antigonish NS B2G 2R8  CANADA
VISA/MC
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
7.6     How to buy U.S. Stamps outside of the U.S..

You can get US stamps directly from the US post office and the only 
additional fee is a $5 shipping charge. They take VISA, MasterCard 
and Discover.

We're unsure about which countries they will service, please send me
e-mail to confirm.  (erager@primenet.com)

Philatelic Fulfillment Service Center
U.S. Postal Service
P.O. Box 419636
Kansas City, MO  64179-0997
Order line - 1(800)STAMP-24 or (816)545-1100 or 545-1111(?) or 545-1000(?)
Fax Orders - (816)545-1212
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
8.0     List of VERY Important FAQ Contributors

These people are the stars of this FAQ.  Thanks to all who have helped!
If you've helped and I've forgotten you, just e-mail me!

Christopher Thomas  <DTMG09C@prodigy.com>
Yan K. Lau  <lau@desci.wharton.upenn.edu>
Michael J   <michaelj@pb.net>
Don Abramo <dabramo@apollo3.com>
Debbie Wills <DebWills@aol.com>
Kenny Hom <khom@netcom.com>
Eugene Son <eson@sdcc13.ucsd.edu>
Matthew T. Lynn <fg213@cleveland.Freenet.Edu >
Nobby N. Coburn <nobby@netcom.com> 
The Outlaw! <outlaw57@aol.com>
UDUBB  <udubb@moa.com>
Erik Ratcliffe <??@??>
Charles Caffey <Charles_Caffey@edges.com>
KSS71 <kss71@aol.com> 
Rudy Willis <rwillis@shelly.polaristel.net>
Tom Vranas <tranas@rci.ripco.com>
AddyMasterB   <AddyMasterB@aol.com>
Alan Kennedy   <akennedy@io.org>
Steve Yudewitz <z004790b@bcfreenet.seflin.lib.fl.us>
MacKay  <mackay@freenet.calgary.ab.ca>
Richard K Mains  <rkm@engin.umich.edu>
Stephen Beck <ERRC69A@Prodigy.com>
Alan Kennedy   <akennedy@io.org>
Tom D Meilke <tmeilke@uoguelph.ca>
Sandra  <ieee@pender.ee.upenn.edu>
Ken M. Wilson <ken@kc.grapevine.com>
Carl Seiler <lcs9549@tam2000.tamu.edu>
Johnny C. Ulin <julin@wis.com>
Bo Dalrymple <swan@innet.com>
Ramon Cuevas <rcuevas@blue.weeg.uiowa.edu>
Candice Sams <csams@post.cis.smu.edu>
Carole Adams  <lombard@ix.netcom.com>
Carl J Hovermale <cjh4@Ra.MsState.Edu>
Ryan Matheson <ryan.matheson@hookup.net>
Aron Schor <techphob@cloud9.net>
Alan Chim <achim@sfu.ca>
Michael Kao <mtk6621@is2.NYU.EDU>
MSAUNDERS@umassd.edu
Troy Brackett <LSRH39A@prodigy.com>
DottedLyne@aol.com
I know there's more...
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
*******************************************************
   FAQ Can Always Improve -- Your Suggestions Needed
*******************************************************
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
END OF FAQ v1.81 (February 28, 1996) 
Eric Rager 
erager@primenet.com
http://www.primenet.com/~erager/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
.
