CPP (1) 30 May 1993 CPP (1) pNAMEq pq pq pq pq pq pq pq pq cpp - a stand-alone C preprocessor pSYNOPSISq pq pq pq pq pq pq pq pq pcppq [ p-CTVq ] [ p-Pq[012]pqpq ] [ p-Dqnamepqpq ] [ p-Dqnamep=qdefpq ] [ p-Iqdirectorypqpq ] [ p-Uqnamepqpq ] [ p-ansiq ] [ p-fq[no-]pc++-commentsqpq ] [ p-Wq[no-]pbad-charsqpq ] [ p-Wq[no-]pnested-commentsqpq ] [ p-Wq[no-]pbad-concat-tokensqpq ] [ pinput-fileq [ poutput-fileq ] ] pDESCRIPTIONq pq pq pq pq pq pq pq pq pcppq is a stand-alone C preprocessor, intended for use with C compilers such as HSC which do not provided access to preprocessor output. It implements as closely as possible an ANSI standard C preprocessor, including trigraphs, token pasting and stringizing. pcppq optionally accepts two filenames as arguments. pinput-fileq and poutput-fileq are, respectively, the input and output files for the preprocessor. If not specified, or if given as `-', they default to the standard input and the standard output, respectively. pOPTIONSq pq pq pq pq pq pq pq pq p-Cq Pass all comments (except those that appear on pcppq directive lines) through the preprocessor. By default, pcppq strips out C-style comments. p-Pq[012] Preprocess the input without producing the line control information used by the next pass of the C compiler. A numeric argument can be passed to -P: 0 specifies that no line control information control is generated, and is equivalent to -P; 1 specifies that normal line control information is generated, which is the default; and 2 specifies that line control information is generated in the form of preprocessor p#lineq directives. p-Tq Translate trigraphs in the input file. This behavior is implied by the p-ansiq option. p-Dq name Define pnameq as 1 (one). This is the same as if a p-Dqnamep=1qpq option appeared on the pcppq command line, or as if a p#defineq name p1qpq Thu Jul 7 22:27:55 1994 Page 1 CPP (1) 30 May 1993 CPP (1) line appeared in the source file that pcppq is processing. p-Dqnamep=qdef Define pnameq as if by a p#defineq directive. This is the same as if a p#defineq name pdefqpq line appeared in the source file that pcppq is processing. The p-Dq option has lower precedence than the p-Uq option; that is, if the same name is used in both a p-Uq option and a p-Dq option, the name will be undefined regardless of the order of the options. p-Iqdirectory Insert pdirectoryq into the search path for p#includeq files with names not beginning with q`p/q', `p\qº,pq or a drive specifier. pdirectoryq is inserted ahead of the standard list of ``include'' directories. Thus, p#includeq files with names enclosed in double-quotes (p"q) are searched for first in the directory of the file with the p#includeq line, then in directories named with p-Iq options, and lastly, in directories from the standard list. For p#includeq files with names enclosed in angle-brackets q(p<>q),pqpq the directory of the file with the p#includeq line is not searched. See pUSAGEq below for exact details of this search order. p-Sq[filename] Specify an alternate configuration file. If pfilenameq is present, the specified file is read instead of the default configuration file; if pfilenameq is absent, the default configuration file is simply not read. See pUSAGEq below for further details. p-Uqname Remove any initial definition of pnameq,pqpq where pnameq is a symbol that is predefined by the preprocessor. p-Vq Print version information to pstderrq.pqpq p-ansiq Define the preprocessor token p__STDC__q to have value 1, and enable trigraph translation. To get p__STDC__q without trigraph translation, you can specify the options p-ansiq p-Tq.pqpq The following p-fq and p-Wq options can be negated by adding a pno-q before the option name. Some are on by default. Thu Jul 7 22:27:55 1994 Page 2 CPP (1) 30 May 1993 CPP (1) p-fc++-commentsq Support the C++ comment indicator q`p//qº.pqpq With this option active, everything on the line after the p//q is treated as a comment. Off by default. p-Wbad-charsq Issue a warning if a character that cannot legally appear in a C program appears in the input. On by default. p-Wnested-commentsq Issue a warning if a comment-start character sequence q(`p/*qº,pqpq and q`p//qºpqpq if p-fc++-commentsq is active) appears in a comment. Off by default. p-Wbad-concat-tokensq Issue a warning if the token concatenation operator ## produces an illegal C token. On by default. Options beginning with p-Xq are for specialized interactions with particular programs, and should not generally be invoked directly by the user. The following such options are currently recognized: p-Xfluffq This option is used by the pfluffq(1)pqpq source code checker. It causes the preprocessor token p__FLUFF__q to be defined, and enables certain related pragmas. See the pfluffq(1)pqpq documentation for further information. pUSAGEq pq pq pq pq pq pq pq pq If you are familiar with C, you should already know about the basic workings of pcppq.pqpq We will not go into a detailed description here, since any good book on C could do better; instead, we will describe details particular to this implementation. ppDirectory Search Orderqq pq pq pq pq pq pq pq pq A file specified in an p#includeq directive will be searched for in the following directories, in order: 1. The directory of the file that contains the p#includeq directive, if the directive is of the form `p#includeq "filename"'. 2. The directories specified by p-Iq options, in the order they were specified. 3. The list of directories specified in the pINCLUDEq Thu Jul 7 22:27:55 1994 Page 3 CPP (1) 30 May 1993 CPP (1) environment variable, in order. ppSpecial Namesqq pq pq pq pq pq pq pq pq The following macros are predefined by pcppq:pqpq p__STDC__q Expands to 1 if the p-ansiq option is specified. p__LINE__q Expands to an integer constant representing the current line number in the current input file. p__FILE__q Expands to a string constant representing the name of the current input file. p__DATE__q Expands to a string constant of the form "Mmm dd yyyy" representing the date on which preprocessing was initiated. p__TIME__q Expands to a string constant of the form "hh:mm:ss" representing the system time at which preprocessing was initiated. p__INCLUDE_LEVEL__q Expands to an integer constant representing the current depth of nested p#includeq files. ppConfiguration filesqq pq pq pq pq pq pq pq pq pcppq uses a configuration file to set up site-specific predefined macros. By default, the directories specified in the pLIBq environment variable are searched in order for the file pcpp_defs.hq;pqpq an alternate file can be specified from the command line with the p-Sq option. The configuration file is read just like a normal input file, except that text other than preprocessor directives is not passed through to the output file. Normally the configuration file will contain only comments and preprocessor directives. In addition, two special pragmas are recognized within the configuration file only: #pragma CPP_cmdline_arg poptionq The single token poptionq is processed as though it had appeared as a command-line option. The option may be undone from the command line, except as indicated below. Thu Jul 7 22:27:55 1994 Page 4 CPP (1) 30 May 1993 CPP (1) #pragma CPP_delayed Normally, the configuration file is processed before command-line options are processed, to allow the commands therein to be overridden by command-line options. This pragma causes the command line to be processed before the remainder of the file, allowing conditional setup based on parameters set from the command line. Note that macro definitions and command-line specifications made after this pragma cannot be undone from the command line. For example, the following configuration file activates C++ comments by default, and sets the macro p_PROTO()q according to the presence of the p-ansiq option: #pragma CPP_cmdline_arg -fc++-comments #pragma CPP_delayed #ifdef __STDC__ # define _PROTO(x) x #else # define _PROTO(x) () #endif pSEEq pALSOq pq pq pq pq pq pq pq pfluffq(1)pqpq Documentation for your C compiler Any good book on C. pDIAGNOSTICSq pq pq pq pq pq pq pq pq The error messages produced by pcppq are intended to be self-explanatory. The line number and filename where the error occurred are printed along with the diagnostic. pBUGSq pq pq pq pq pq pq pq pq None that I know of, but there's almost always One More Bug(TM). If you should find one, please report it to me, Scott Bigham, at dsb@cs.duke.edu. Thu Jul 7 22:27:55 1994 Page 5