
          NoteWorthy 1.85                                         Page 1



				      CONTENTS


	  1	    What is NoteWorthy?...............................2

	  2	    For those who don't read manuals..................3

	  3	    Getting started...................................4

	  4	    Mastering the program: the file selection screen..5

	  5	    Mastering the program: defining your system.......6

	  6	    Mastering the program: the music screen...........7

	  7	    Mastering the program: typing in music............8

	  8	    Mastering the program: viewpoints and moving around 15

	  9	    Mastering the program: getting help...............18

	  10	    Mastering the program: adding text................19

	  11	    Mastering the program: adding lines and curves....21

	  12	    Mastering the program: copying and deleting.......23

	  13	    Mastering the program: layout and formatting......24

	  14	    Mastering the program: altering existing music....27

	  15	    Mastering the program: file saving and loading....29

	  16	    Mastering the program: printing...................30

	  17	    Mastering the program: altering system layouts....32

	  18	    Mastering the program: transposing................33

	  19	    Case study: a single-stave melody with words......34

	  20	    Case study: a hymn tune...........................35

	  21	    Case study: a piano score.........................36

		    Appendix A: NWSETUP and NW.CFG....................37
		    Appendix B: For computer novices..................38
		    Appendix C: Names and paths.......................40
		    Appendix D: Making the program run faster.........41
		    Appendix E: Error messages........................42
		    Appendix F: Note styles...........................45
		    Appendix G: Software Performance Report...........46
                 NoteWorthy 1.85                                         Page 2

			  1. What is NoteWorthy?


	  NoteWorthy is  a music  printing and	editing program. It is
	  NOT a  program which	interfaces to  any other form of music
	  suite. It  will not  drive a	MIDI interface,  nor take data
	  from one.  It is  (currently) not mouse-driven but keyboard-
	  driven, in  the belief  that -  once mastered  - this is the
	  fastest way for a musician to enter music onto a sheet.

	  It is  page-oriented, and currently only handles one page of
	  music at  a time  at a  constant 8"  wide and  up to  A4  or
	  Foolscap length as defined by the user.

	  The system  works on	monochrome  Hercules,  and  colour  or
	  monochrome EGA  and VGA  video systems.  A setup  program is
	  provided to  customise your  package to  your video, printer
	  and computer	systems. It will work from 720K floppy disk or
	  twin 360K disks but operates faster from a hard disk.

	  It drives  common 9-	and 24-pin printers, and other systems
	  which can  emulate them, such as bubble-jets. It can operate
	  a LaserJet-compatible  printer in  150dpi or	300dpi	modes.
	  These are directly comparable to the 9- and 24-pin modes and
	  are referred to as "low resolution" and "high resolution" in
          this documentation.

          NoteWorthy 1.85                                         Page 3

			 2. For those who Don't read manuals


	  Getting started quickly: five steps

	       1    Make sure the files

			      NW.EXE
			      NWSETUP.EXE
			      NW.OVL
			      NW.HLP
			      NW.FNT
			      NW.TUT
                              NW.F24
                              NW.F13
                              NW.F08

		    are available  on your  current  directory.  These	can
		    simply be COPYd from the distribution disk.

	       2    Run the  program NWSETUP.  Choose the  required options
		    for your graphics system, printer and keyboard.

               3    Type the  command NW  and press  the Enter  key.  Press
                    the required key to move beyond the credit screen.

	       4    Select New	File (with  Enter), and Two-stave system at
		    the next  menu, moving  to the right-hand menu to start
		    the program.

	       5    Press Alt-F1 and follow the tutorial.

	       Sample demonstration files corresponding to the case studies
	       in this	manual	are  on  the  distribution  disk  with	the
	       extension .DEM .  The program  can  be  made  to  perform  a
	       demonstration by typing

			      NW /DEMO:CASE1

		    if (eg)  CASE1.DEM is  the demonstration file. When the
	       demonstration stops  you may  continue to add to this music,
	       save or edit it as you wish.
                 NoteWorthy 1.85                                         Page 4

			    3. Getting Started


     Hard disk installation

	  1    Make a  subdirectory of	your choice  and copy  all the
	       files on the distribution disk(s) to it, eg

			 MD C:\NW
			 COPY A:*.* C:\NW

	  2    Move into that directory

			 C:
			 CD \NW

	  3    Run the main NW program:

			 NW

	  If you  wish to  use the program from another directory then
	  you  may  set  your  DOS  PATH  to  include  this  directory
	  (PATH=C:\NW) and you will be able to run NoteWorthy from any
	  subdirectory or disk.

	  The function	of all	the files  is contained  in Appendix C
	  (page 40).

	  Users new to DOS may like to read Appendix B on page 38.

     Running on a 720K/1.2Mb/1.44Mb floppy disk

	  The working  files will  all fit on one floppy disk so it is
	  only necessary  to make  a working  disk by  copying all the
	  files from the installation disk(s) to that disk in a manner
	  similar to  Hard disk  installation above and make that disk
	  your default drive:

			 COPY A:*.* B:
			 B:
			 NW

	  Music data  files may  be stored on another volume using the
	  options at the file selection screen (see page 5).

     Running on 2 x 360K floppy disks.

	  Make copies  of the  distribution disk(s),  use the  program
	  disk in  (eg) drive A, and place the high-resolution printer
          disk files (NW.F24, NW.F13, NW.F08) on a disk in  drive  B.
	  Include drive  A in  the PATH (PATH=A:) and you will be able
          to run from drive B and save your data on this disk.

          NoteWorthy 1.85                                              Page 5

		    4. Mastering the Program: The File Selection
				       Screen


	       The program is started with the command

			      NW

	       The file  selection screen  is then seen. It contains a list
	       of files in the current directory with extension ".NW" which
	       the program  expects to be NoteWorthy data files. At the end
	       of this list the other subdirectories and drives are listed,
	       including the  DOS pseudo-directory  ".." .  By  moving  the
	       cursor with  the arrow keys and selecting with Enter you can
	       do one of five things:

		    1	 Select a directory name (shown as terminating
			 with the  \  character)  to  move  into  that
			 subdirectory.

		    2	 Selecting the	directory "..\" to move to the
			 parent directory

		    3	 Selecting another  disk (eg  [A:]) to move to
			 that device

		    4	 Selecting the	first  option  "New  file"  to
			 start	a   new  document.  The  program  then
			 requires the stave/system relationships to be
			 defined: see  the next section "Defining your
			 system" on page 6.

		    5	 Selecting one	of the	other .NW  files  will
			 load that file for editing.

		    6	 Pressing Escape quits the program.

	       If the  name of the existing file you wish to edit is known,
	       then you  can start  NoteWorthy more  quickly by giving this
	       name as a parameter:

			      NW MYFILE

	       If MYFILE.NW is the music file to be loaded initially.
                 NoteWorthy 1.85                                         Page 6

		  5. Mastering the Program: Defining your
				  System


	  In these  notes the  word 'system'  is used  in its  musical
	  sense, as  a group  of staves  bound together  by a brace or
	  braces and (in this program) sharing a common bar line.

	  When asking  for a  new file	to  be	made  up,  the	System
	  Definition Screen is shown:

	  This screen  gives you the opportunity to define the default
	  number of  staves which  constitute a system and the binding
	  (braces) between  them. For  instance  pianoforte  music  is
	  usually defined  with two staves bound together, organ music
	  with three  (of which the top two are bound), and so on. The
	  maximum number of staves on one page is 12, but these can be
	  made up  of systems  of differing construction, see Altering
	  system layout, page 32 below.

	  As well as defining the default number of staves per system,
	  this section	of the program allows you to define the way in
	  which these  staves are  bound together. After selecting the
	  number of  staves per  system from  the left-hand  menu, you
	  have the  opportunity in  the centre	menu of  defining  the
	  braces around  sets of  staves (provided, of course that you
	  have defined more than one stave per system).

	  To assist this definition a small picture on the lower right
	  section of  the screen  helps you to visualise what you will
	  see in  on paper as you choose the bracketing of the staves.
	  Note that  you are  defining only one system. You can create
	  more when  in music  entering mode,  and even  change  their
	  bindings and numbers of staves.

	  While the  page on  the screen  is shown full of staves, the
	  one you are working on is shown in yellow (or bright) in the
	  diagram.

	  Should you want to "unbind" staves which you have defined as
	  bound then  you must	can select  the  'bind/unbind'  option
	  again.

	  When you  are satisfied  with your  definitions then you can
	  select "Start" or "Quit" from the right-hand menu.

	  You are then presented with the main edit screen.
          NoteWorthy 1.85                                         Page 7

		     6: Mastering the program: the music screen


	       The main  input screen  is divided  into two  sections.	The
	       upper section  is where	the music  will appear	and  should
	       initially consist  of one  system defined  as in  section  5
	       above. The lower section contains of the status and messages
	       area. On  the left  is (initially) a crotchet with two stems
	       and a crotchet rest. This indicates that

		    a	 the default note length is a crotchet

		    b	 the  stem  will  point  in  either  direction
			 according to  the position of the note on the
			 stave

	       Central in  this area is the message 'Enter Mode' indicating
	       that the  editor is  waiting for  music to be entered. Other
	       modes are  Edit, Line-draw,  Curve-drawing etc,	covered  in
	       sections below.

	       If the  tutorial file  (NW.TUT) is present in the NoteWorthy
	       directory then  the message "Tutorial Alt-F1" will appear at
	       the  left.  Likewise  NoteWorthy  has  the  facility  for  a
	       supplied Hint  File (NW.HNT),  and if  this is  present then
	       Shift-F1 may  be pressed  to view  it. This file may contain
	       late information  not contained	in this  manual  so  it  is
	       always worth  looking at  it -  at least  once! Help is also
	       always available  with the  F1 key as indicated at the right
	       of the screen.

	  Aspect ratios

	       If you  have a  VGA monitor and have selected the VGA option
	       via the	NWSETUP program,  then the  music as  it appears on
	       screen will be rather foreshortened, ie squashed vertically.
	       The reason for this lies in the What-You-See-Is-What-You-Get
	       nature of NoteWorthy. If you are using a 9-pin printer, then
	       each pixel  (dot) on  the screen  corresponds exactly to one
	       dot on  the printer.  This means that your music will always
	       appear on  paper exactly  as you  see it  on screen.  (High-
	       density -  24 pin/300  dpi laser  - users  will merely see a
	       smoothed-out  version   of  the	 9-pin	output	 on   their
	       printouts). Hercules  and EGA  users will see a screen which
	       is much	nearer the  actual printout  aspect ratio,  but VGA
	       users will  be able  to see more staves on the screen at one
	       time. If  this misleading  aspect ratio	is distracting then
	       VGA users  can switch  to EGA  mode by rerunning NWSETUP and
	       stipulating that  they have  an EGA  system.  In  any  case,
	       whatever system	you are  using, typing Alt-F2 gives Preview
	       mode which  always give a correctly scaled representation of
	       the final printout.
                 NoteWorthy 1.85                                         Page 8

		 7: Mastering the Program: Typing in music


	  The principles  on which  the program is based are simple to
	  understand and  intuitive in	approach. The program is based
	  on key-presses  which  are  intended	to  be	helpful  in  a
	  mnemonic or other way.

	  The current  'cursor' position  is shown by a dotted (yellow
	  on colour  systems) I-shaped	cursor when in Enter Mode. The
	  left and right cursor keys will change its position, as will
	  Ctrl-Left and  Ctrl-Right at	a faster rate. A complete list
	  of cursor  movement commands	is shown  below in  section  8
	  (page 15), and can always be seen on the Help Screens (F1)

	  Particular objects  are now created by pressing a particular
	  key or  combination of  keys, in  which case the object will
	  appear on the stave in grey (or yellow on colour systems).

	  But pressing	a particular  key does	not fix that object on
	  the  paper:	this  is  performed  by  adding  a  completion
	  keystroke (eg  Enter -  see Completion  Keys below, page 14,
	  for a  full list - or the F1 Help). The advantage of this is
	  that the  object  can  be  manipulated  into	position,  its
	  attributes altered,  or even	changed to  a different symbol
	  before it  is 'frozen'  into the  paper with  the completion
	  key. (Of  course even  once 'frozen' it can be altered - see
	  section on editing below, page 27).

	  It is  important to  realise that all objects defined on the
	  sheet are  linked to	a particular stave. This is obvious in
	  the case  of notes,  clefs, etc.,  but also applies to text,
	  slurs, lines	and dynamic  markings.	Normally  this	is  no
	  drawback but	it should  be realised	that moving  the stave
	  vertically with  respect to its neighbours will move all the
	  objects associated  with it.	If you	want an  object to  be
	  attached to  a different  stave then move to that stave (see
	  section 8,  Viewpoints, p.  15 below)  and then  define  the
	  object.

	  Sometimes during  editing it	is found  that the some of the
	  objects on  screen have been partially or totally erased. If
	  this happens the following keys are useful:

	  F2	    Redraw the current stave

	  Shift-F2  Redraw the whole screen.

	  An aside: In particular, text (see page 19) is also attached
		    to a stave. If you have entered text above stave 1
		    when, for instance, the cursor is on stave 2, then
		    redrawing stave  2 will  also erase stave 1. Press
		    Shift-F2 to redraw all the staves.

		    It is  of course  best to  add text  to staves  to
		    which it logically belongs, such as the work title
		    to	stave	1,  and  words	of  a  song  to  stave
		    containing the melody.
          NoteWorthy 1.85                                         Page 9

	       The complete  list of keystrokes and symbols available is as
	       follows, in somewhat logical order:-

	       Alt-S	      Define a	clef. The  first press of this
			 key will cause a treble (G) clef to appear at
			 the current  position. A second Alt-S changes
			 the symbol  to a  bass (F)  clef and repeated
			 presses will  change it  to an  alto (C)  and
			 tenor clef  before  it  cycles  back  to  the
			 treble clef. Normally this would be the first
			 symbol entered  on a  new stave  as it is not
			 possible to  enter key  signatures  or  notes
			 until the clef is defined.

	       K	 This  defines	 a  one-sharp	key  signature
			 appropriate to  the  clef  defined.  Repeated
			 pressing  will  add  more  sharps  up	to  6.
			 Continuing to	press K  defines the  key of 6
			 flats, 5, 4 etc.

	       Sh-K	 Shift-K moves	through the  flat keys	in the
			 same way as K moves through the sharp keys.

			 Note that  giving the	command sequence  K  -
			 Shift K  - Enter defines a null key signature
			 of  C	 major.  If  this  is  the  first  key
			 signature on  the stave then it is shown as a
			 natural sign  on the  centre  stave,  but  of
			 course will  not print. This is of particular
			 value if the music is likely to be transposed
			 later, as the correct key signature will then
			 be placed at this position. (This is one rare
			 departure from  the  WYSIWYG  status  of  the
			 package  in   that  on-screen	 symbols   are
			 normally printed)

	       Alt-T	      Defines	a    common-time   (C)	  time
			 signature. A  second press  defines an  alla-
			 breve () time signature.

	       Alt-U	      Defines  the  upper  number  of  a  time
			 signature as  '2'. Repeated  pressings  cycle
			 through the  numbers 3 to 9 and back to 0 and
			 1 etc.

	       Alt-L	      Defines  the  lower  number  of  a  time
			 signature as  '4'. Repeated  pressings  cycle
			 through the values '8', '16', '1' and '2'.
                 NoteWorthy 1.85                                        Page 10

	  1	    Defines the  default note  duration (shown at
		    the bottom	of the screen) to be a breve. The
		    other durations defined are as follows:

	  2	    Default becomes semibreve

	  3	    Default becomes minim (double-note)

	  4	    Default becomes crotchet (whole note)

	  5	    Default becomes quaver (half-note)

	  6	    Default becomes semiquaver (quarter note)

	  7	    Default becomes demisemiquaver

	  8	    Default becomes hemidemisemiquaver

		    If a  note has already been defined by A to G
		    (below) then  pressing these keys will change
		    the current  (uncompleted) note's duration as
		    well as the default note duration.

	  A-G	    This places  a  note  on  the  stave  at  the
		    appropriate position  on  the  stave  in  the
		    duration given  by the  default shown  on the
		    information screen. If the same named note on
		    a different octave is required then the up or
		    down arrows can be used to redefine the note.

		    Because of	the inconvenience  of continually
		    changing  the   default  note  duration,  the
		    additional commands Shift-A to Shift-G, Ctrl-
		    A to Ctrl-G and Alt-A to Alt-G are available,
		    resulting in  notes of  twice, four times and
		    half   the	  duration   of    the	  default
		    respectively.  Thus   for  instance   if  the
		    default note is a quaver, then

		    Shift-A produces a crotchet 'A'

		    Ctrl-A produces a minim 'A'

		    Alt-A produces a semiquaver 'A'.
          NoteWorthy 1.85                                        Page 11

	       Notes have  many other  attributes (dots,  beams, etc) and a
	       complete list  of attributes  and their	keystrokes  can  be
	       found at the end of this section.

	       Z	 Defines a  rest in the current note duration.
			 The conventions  for Shift,  Ctrl and Alt for
			 changing the  duration  apply	as  for  notes
			 above. (Z=zzzzz,  asleep, geddit?). Rests can
			 be dotted in the same manner as notes.

	       /	 Defines a  bar line.  Note that while the bar
			 line can  be defined  from any  stave in  the
			 system, it  has an  existence only on the top
			 stave. (This  is important  when editing  it:
			 see  section  9  below).  Subsequent  presses
			 define double	bar lines  and three  types of
			 repeat bar  lines before  producing a	single
			 bar line again.

	       ~	 (tilde) Starts  a spread  chord  sign	moving
			 vertically upwards  from the  bottom  of  the
			 stave. The position may of course be adjusted
			 with the  arrow keys.	The length of the wavy
			 line can  be increased  by pressing  ~ again,
			 and decreased	with the  backspace key  as if
			 typing text.

	       Ctrl-N	      Creates a new system of the default type
			 (up to a maximum of 12 staves per page) below
			 the last  created. The  cursor moves  to  the
			 left of that new system and the clefs and key
			 signatures used  in the  previous system  are
			 inserted. They  can be  deleted  if  required
			 (see 8. Editing, below page 27).

	       Y	 There are  a small  number of special symbols
			 which this  key produces,  and which repeated
			 pressing will cycle through. These are:

			      Pause (over)
			      Pause (under)
			      Emphasis (>)
			      Sign for Dal Segno (2 styles)
			      Large % sign for repeated bars
			      Large / sign for repeated bars
			      Inverted V accent character
                 NoteWorthy 1.85                                        Page 12

	  Ctrl-Y	 Produces a  symbol at	the centre of the
		    current stave.  The available  (lesser  used)
		    symbols constitute a long list, so Alt-Y will
		    cycle  through   the  list	in  the  opposite
		    direction.

		    These  symbols   include  notes  (among  many
		    others) and  it is	important to realise that
		    these symbols  are not  notes in the sense of
		    being attached  to a  pitch, but  are  simply
		    free symbols  which can  be moved  vertically
		    with the  arrow keys  and placed  anywhere on
		    the screen.  One use  could be for indicating
		    the tempo of a piece in conjunction with text
		    mode.

	  Alt-0 to 9	 These are a set of other smaller symbols
		    such as  dots, circles  and lines.	In  later
		    versions  of   the	package   these  will  be
		    modifiable as user-defined symbols.
          NoteWorthy 1.85                                        Page 13

	  Note attributes

	       While a	note is  being defined	(ie after  giving it a name
	       with A-G  etc, and before it is fixed with a completion key)
	       the following keys are also operative:

	       J	 Stem up  (the note looks like a J - geddit?).
			 The default  note at the bottom of the screen
			 also changes when this key is used.

	       P	 Stem down (geddit again?). Default changes.

	       O	 (letter O)  No stem. Useful for adding single
			 notes to  the stem  of another  note. Default
			 changes.

	       I	 Stem direction determined by position of note
			 on  stave  as	in  single  melodies.  Default
			 changes.

	       .	 (full stop)  Add a  dot to the note. A second
			 press	makes  this  double-dotting.  A  third
			 press removes the dotting.

	       '         (Apostrophe). Defines the note as staccato. A
			 second press defines it as staccatissimo ('),
			 and a third press makes it normal again.

	       =	 (equals) Places a horizontal line above/below
			 the note  as emphasis. A second press removes
			 the emphasis.

	       0	 (number zero)	Change note  style. The  first
			 press will  change the  note to a small note,
			 and  other   types,  including   cross-headed
			 notes. The  styles are shown in Appendix F on
			 page 45.  This key  also affects  accidentals
			 and makes them small so that they fit in with
			 small notes.

	       ^v	 (Up and  down arrow  keys). These  cause  the
			 note to  rise or  fall by an octave, up to 12
			 leger lines above or below the stave.

	       <-	 (Backspace)  If  the  note  is  a  quaver  or
			 shorter then  this causes  it to be beamed to
			 the most  recent note	on the	stave with its
			 stem in  the same  direction and  of the same
			 size (see  0 above).  A second  press of this
			 key 'unbeams' the note.

	       T/t	 This causes  the note	to be tied to the most
			 recent note  of the  same pitch on the stave.
			 If a  capital T is used then the tie is shown
			 'overhand',  the   lower  case   t   is   for
			 'underhand' ties. A second press destroys the
			 tie.

	       V	 This turns  the note  into a  flat symbol.  V
			 points downwards, hence flat??
                 NoteWorthy 1.85                                        Page 14

	  W	    Turns the  note into  a double  flat (W=2 Vs,
		    see?)

	  S	    As V above, but for a sharp.

	  X	    As V above, but for a double sharp.

	  N	    As V above, but for a natural sign.

     Completion Keys

	  Notes  require   attributes  attaching   before   they   are
	  'completed', and  all symbols  can be  navigated into  place
	  with cursor  keys before  they are  frozen in  position. The
	  following is a list of keys which will complete an object.

	  Enter 	 Complete the  symbol but do not move the
		    cursor. Useful  for entering  many notes as a
		    chord or the upper and lower elements of time
		    signatures.

	  Spacebar  Complete and  move a  default distance right.
		    The  actual  distance  is  dependent  on  the
		    symbol just  completed so  that notes shorter
		    than the  pulse (page  24) have  less  space,
		    dotted notes  have more and notes longer than
		    pulse have more.

		    If the  completion key  for an  accidental is
		    spacebar then  a default  note is placed just
		    after it.  If this	is not needed then it can
		    be changed or aborted (with Esc).

	  PgUp,PgDn Complete and  move the  cursor to  the  stave
		    above or below. These are useful for aligning
		    objects in the same position within a system.

	  Tab	    Complete and  move right  to align	with  the
		    next major	object anywhere  in  the  current
		    system. This  is useful  for aligning objects
		    together, such  as chords across a piano part
		    or key signature changes. Not all objects are
		    used as  'stopping points'  for  the  cursor,
		    however, in  particular the  cursor will  not
		    jump to  Text, Bar	lines, Curves,	Lines  or
		    accidentals.

	  Shift-Tab As Tab  but the  movement is  to the previous
		    object.
          NoteWorthy 1.85                                        Page 15

		      8. Mastering the program: viewpoints and
				    moving around


	  Horizontal movement

	       As  has	been  mentioned  above,  NoteWorthy  is  a  WYSIWYG
	       package: the  pixels on	the screen  are exactly  the pixels
	       printed on  a low-density  print image of 120 dots per inch,
	       with paper width of 8" (960 dots). Since a VGA or EGA screen
	       is 640  pixels wide (and Hercules is 720), the full paper is
	       wider than  one screen.	Therefore we  must be able to 'pan'
	       across to  the right-hand side of the page. The package will
	       do this	automatically whenever	it  is	required,  but	the
	       following keys also affect horizontal movement:

	       Home	 Moves to  the left  side  of  the  paper  and
			 positions the cursor appropriately.

	       End	 Moves to the right similarly.

	       Spacebar  Moves to  the left by a default distance (see
			 Completion Symbols, page 14 above)

	       Tab	 Moves right  to the  position	on  the  stave
			 which has  a object  defined in  the  current
			 system. This  is useful  for aligning	music.
			 See Completion Keys, page 14 above)

	       Shift-Tab As  Tab   but	moves  left  to  the  previous
			 object's position. See Completion Keys.

	       Ctrl-Home Moves left  and positions the cursor slightly
			 in from the left margin.

	       Ctrl-End  Move to  the right  margin and  pan right  if
			 necessary.

	       F3	 Pressing this key toggles in and out of 'Zoom
			 mode' in which it is possible to see the full
			 page compressed.  It is perfectly possible to
			 work in  Zoom mode,  but it  may be that text
			 and other fine work becomes harder due to the
			 compression of pixels on the screen.
                 NoteWorthy 1.85                                        Page 16

     Vertical Movement

	  The cursor  is always  placed on a particular stave, but may
	  be moved between staves as follows:

	  ^v	    (Up and  down arrow  keys). When  there is no
		    object uncompleted	(in yellow  or grey) then
		    the arrow  keys move the cursor from stave to
		    stave. This  is identical  in action  to PgUp
		    and PgDn below.

	  PgDn	    Moves to the next stave completely visible on
		    the screen,  or if	this is the lowest on the
		    screen, moves to the first on the screen.

	  PgUp	    Moves up likewise

	  Ctrl-PgDn Redraws the  screen so  that  the  top  stave
		    shown is  the next	full  system  below  that
		    currently on display.

	  Ctrl-PgUp Ditto, moving upward.

	  Alt-PgUp/F4	 Shift the screen down by one stave. Alt-
		    PgUp is  only available on extended (102-key)
		    keyboards.

	  Alt-PgDn/Shift-F4 Shift  the screen  up by  one  stave.
		    Alt-PgDn is  only available on extended (102-
		    key) keyboards.

	  Esc 1 to 9	 Each system is shown with a non-printing
		    system number  above on  the left (or right).
		    Pressing the  Escape key  brings  up  another
		    menu (see  below), and  pressing one  of  the
		    number keys  1 to  9 allows rapid movement to
		    the system of that number.

	  F5	    This pans the screen up by a small amount.

	  Shift-F5  Pans the screen down.

	  F6,Shift-F6	 These keys  will move	the current stave
		    up or  down relative  to the  page by a small
		    amount. Staves can be repositioned vertically
		    at any  time, but  this is	faster	when  the
		    stave is empty.

	  At times  the screen may need refreshing if objects or parts
	  of objects  have been  obscured by  editing or  moving other
	  objects. When  this happens F2 will redraw the current stave
	  and Shift-F2 will redraw the whole screen.

	  Note that  the redrawing  of a  stave is a matter of erasing
	  the stave  and redrawing  its components. In the interest of
	  speed,  erasing   is	simply	 a  clearing  of  a  rectangle
	  encompassing the highest and lowest objects attached to that
	  stave. It  may happen  that this causes erasure of some part
	  of an  adjacent stave,  in which  Shift-F2 will  be the best
	  form of refresh.
          NoteWorthy 1.85                                        Page 17

	       The bottom  of the  page (as  given in  the page  length  in
	       NWSETUP) is marked by a small white block on screen with two
	       upward arrows  (^^) inside  whenever the bottom of the paper
	       is on  the screen.  This does  not preclude  the music being
	       entered off  the paper  as the  page length could be changed
	       later. It merely acts as a warning.
                 NoteWorthy 1.85                                        Page 18

		  9. Mastering the Program: Getting Help


     Help

	  There are  a number  of help screens available to remind you
	  of the  key strokes  which the  package uses. Pressing F1 at
	  any time  will produce a help screen relevant to the current
	  activity, but  any of the other screens can be accessed with
	  the PgUp  or PgDn keys. Press any other key to return to the
	  editor screen.

     Tutorial

	  Pressing Alt-F1  will produce  an on-line  tutorial provided
	  the file NW.TUT is present on the directory. In fact if this
	  file is  not present then the invitation to run the tutorial
	  will not appear at the bottom left of the main screen.

	  The tutorial	is intended to be a "get-you-started" session,
	  and when  this has  been run,  disk space  could be saved by
	  deleting the file NW.TUT from the disk.

     Hints

	  If the  file NW.HNT  is available  on the disk then the main
	  screen will  invite you  to press  Shift-F1.	This  file  is
	  intended to  be for  updates	to  the  manual  such  as  new
	  features in  the version  you have  been supplied  with. But
	  once read,  you may  alter this file yourself and use it for
	  notes, etc.  Simply edit  it with  EDLIN, EDIT  or any ASCII
	  file editor.
          NoteWorthy 1.85                                        Page 19

		       10. Mastering the program: Adding text


	       The package  works in  a number	of  modes.  You  will  have
	       entered music  in Enter	mode but  also available  are Edit,
	       Text, Line-draw	and Curve-draw	and Block  modes. In colour
	       systems the screen border changes colour as an assistance in
	       monitoring the mode changes.

	       Text mode is entered with F9 or the " (quotation mark) key.

	       The cursor  changes to  a small	cross cursor,  the mode  is
	       flagged in  the status area at the bottom of the screen, and
	       the current text font is shown.

	       There are four text fonts, and provided no text has yet been
	       placed on  the screen  a further  press	of  F9	will  cycle
	       between them.  They  are  essentially  in  two  sizes,  with
	       upright and  italic in  each. The smaller is ideal for words
	       added to  music, the  larger for  titles, and  in its italic
	       form, for dynamic markings such as ff.

	       When in	text mode the alphanumeric keys respond as might be
	       expected, the  backspace key  deletes text,  and the  arrows
	       position it more exactly. If Escape is pressed then the text
	       addition  is  aborted,  if  Enter  is  pressed  then  it  is
	       completed, the text fixed in position and the system returns
	       to normal Insert mode again.

	       Should the  text  be  completed	with  Ctrl-Enter  then	the
	       current text  is completed,  the program  stays in text mode
	       and the	cursor starts again just under the last text start.
	       This will be found very useful when entering verses etc.

	       In text mode special keystrokes available are:

	       F9	 Change font (as above). Can only be performed
			 when no  text	has  yet  been	typed  at  the
			 cursor.

	       Alt-B	      This produces a flat symbol.

	       Alt-N	      A natural  symbol. The  sharp symbol  is
			 served by the standard keyboard # symbol



	       Alt-C	      This produces a copyright symbol, as in
                 NoteWorthy 1.85                                        Page 20

	  Ctrl-A to G	 Pressing  these   keys  results  in  the
		    symbol A  to G  appearing at  the  cursor  in
		    inverse video  which will be printed normally
		    on	paper.	 These	represent   special  text
		    symbols which  will undergo  a  transposition
		    when the Transpose function (section 17, page
		    33)  is  used.  Thus  placing  an  inverse	E
		    followed  by   the	flat   sign   and   later
		    transposing the  stave up  one semitone  will
		    lose  the	flat  sign.  A	further  semitone
		    transposition and  this E  would become an F.
		    Transposing up a further semitone will change
		    the  F   to  F#   etc.  These   symbols   are
		    particularly  useful   for	guitar	or  other
		    harmony chords.

	  ~	    (tilde)  Although	not  strictly  a  special
		    symbol,  it   should  be   noted  that   this
		    character is designed so that it mates with a
		    second tilde for use in a trill sign.

	  The NoteWorthy  database  is	based  around  the  notion  of
	  objects on  the stave.  Each word of text becomes a separate
	  object, so  that if  a complete  sentence of	many words  is
	  entered, the	completion of  text mode causes the program to
	  break this  sentence into  separate words,  each of which it
	  regards as an object (words of over 12 letters are broken up
	  too). This does not affect any item of the printing process,
	  but Edit  Mode (chapter  13, page  27)  behaves  differently
	  since each  word will  each appear as a separate object able
	  to be moved or deleted independently.

	  The best way to enter words under a piece of music will thus
	  be to  enter the  words as  a complete phrase using multiple
	  spacebar presses  to give  the  words  their	spacing,  thus
	  avoiding repositioning  the cursor  for each	word. See Case
	  Study 1.
          NoteWorthy 1.85                                        Page 21

		     11. Mastering the Program: Adding lines and
				       curves


	  Straight lines

	       This mode  is useful  for drawing  crescendo and decrescendo
	       marks, first  and second  time bar  markings and any form of
	       orthogonal or  diagonal lines.	It  is entered with the key
	       Shift-F9 at  which time	the cursor  changes to	a  large  +
	       marker which facilitates alignment on the screen of the ends
	       of segments.  During Line-Draw  mode The  following keys are
	       then operative:

	       Arrows	 Move the  cursor. The Ctrl key may be used to
			 enhance this movement.

	       Enter	 When first  pressed, this key marks the start
			 of a line, and subsequently moving the cursor
			 drags the  other end  of the  line around the
			 screen. A  second press  completes this  line
			 and starts  another so  that continuous  line
			 segments may be produced.

	       Esc	 This aborts  the current line (begun with the
			 last Enter key) and returns to Enter mode.

	  Curves

	       Curve mode  is entered  with  Ctrl-F9,  and  has  a  similar
	       behaviour to  Line Mode	except that  more than	two 'anchor
	       points' are  required to  define a  curve. On entering curve
	       mode, the  cursor changes  to a	small box and the following
	       keys are operative:

	       Arrows	 As usual,  the box  moves, and  this movement
			 can be enhanced with the Ctrl key.

			 One restriction  is that  curves  are	always
			 defined left-to-right, so any attempt to move
			 the cursor  back to  the  left  of  the  last
			 anchor position will be ignored.
                 NoteWorthy 1.85                                        Page 22

	  Enter 	 Defines an anchor point. The first press
		    of	this  key  has	little	apparent  effect,
		    except that  the box  moves a  little to  the
		    right. The	second press  defines a  straight
		    line between  the last  anchor point  and the
		    current one,  while the  third and subsequent
		    presses erase  the current	curve and  add	a
		    further   anchor	point	to    the   curve
                    (technically known  as a cubic spline).

	  Esc	    This quits	curve-drawing mode and erases the
		    box markers  previously  drawn,  leaving  the
		    curve on the page.

	  Up to  20 anchor points can be used to define the curve, but
	  this is extreme, as in most cases 3 will suffice for a slur,
	  and 4 or 5 for a phrase mark.

	  In the  drawing of  long curves,  it is often found that the
	  position of some of the inner points is not quite right, but
	  the position	of these  can be modified in Edit mode to make
	  the  curve   just  right.  Due  to  the  WYSIWYG  nature  of
	  NoteWorthy, the positioning of curves, lines, text and other
	  symbols on  the printed  page can  be relied	upon to be the
	  same on the printed page.
          NoteWorthy 1.85                                        Page 23

		       12. Mastering the Program: Copying and
				      deleting


	       At times it is faster to copy existing phrases of music than
	       to re-type  them. This  might be  true, for instance, in the
	       duplication of  a voice	melody in  an accompanying part. In
	       this context  the program  produces a facility to copy, move
	       or delete whole sections of music.

	       The key Ctrl-F10 enters Block Mode and the cursor changes to
	       a small	cross-hair. Move  the cursor  to a  corner  of	the
	       symbols to be marked, press Enter and move the cursor to the
	       opposite corner.  As you  do so a box is drawn on the screen
	       and a  second press of the Enter key completes this box. The
	       objects inside it will turn grey (red on colour) so that the
	       extent of the block marking can be seen unambiguously.

	       The following keys are then effective:

	       Esc	 Abort the  block mode. The program returns to
			 Enter Mode.

	       Left,right     Move the	box (the outline only is shown
			 moving).  As	usual,	the  movement  can  be
			 enhanced with the Ctrl key.

	       PgUp, PgDn     The box  moves to  another stave. Should
			 this stave be 'off screen' then a full-screen
			 version of the page and box is shown.

	       Alt-C	      Copy the	contents of  the  box  to  the
			 current position.  The box remains marked for
			 a possible  further  copy,  move  or  delete.
			 Press Esc to return to Enter Mode.

	       Alt-D	      Delete the old contents of the box.

	       Alt-M	      Move the contents. This is equivalent to
			 copying the box and then deleting it.

	       One point  must be  noted. Since bar lines exist only on the
	       top stave  of a	system,  and  could  interfere	badly  with
	       existing bar  lines if  copied or  moved, Block	Mode  Copy,
	       Delete and  Move operations  do not include bar lines. These
	       should be handled separately via edit mode, one at once.
                 NoteWorthy 1.85                                        Page 24

		   13. Mastering the program: Layout and
				Formatting


     The parameter screen

	  Pressing Esc	when in  Enter mode produces a menu of options
	  (see page  (?)). F3  on this	menu  produces	the  Parameter
	  screen, with four options:

	  1    Spacing grade,  1 -  5. This  gives the	default  space
	       which will  be  seen  between  pulse  notes  (see  next
	       option) when  the spacebar  is pressed  to  complete  a
	       note. Use  spacing grade  1 for	compressed  music  and
	       grade 5	for large  default spaces  between  notes.  Of
	       course the  actual spacing can be manually changed with
	       the arrow keys before a note is frozen in place but the
	       pressing of space is intended to assist the user with a
	       convenient sized space.

	  2    Pulse, Demisemiquaver  to  semibreve.  The  pulse  note
	       receives a  default space (1, above) when space is used
	       to move	the cursor  at completion.  Dotted pulse notes
	       take rather  more space, and notes which are double (or
	       more) take  larger space again. Notes half the pulse or
	       less take  less than the default spacing. Judicious use
	       of these two parameters will minimise manual horizontal
	       adjustment of notes before fixing them on the stave.

	  3    Minimum beaming	angle (degrees).  Set to  a default of
	       10, this  affects the  aesthetic appearance  of	beamed
	       notes. Beams are formed by attempting to fit a straight
	       line  to  the  tails  of  the  constituent  notes,  but
	       gradients close	to  zero  leave  a  jagged  edge  when
	       printed. Thus  beams which  would have  been less  than
	       this beaming angle will be forced to be horizontal. For
	       instance a  minimum beam of 90 would force all beams to
	       be horizontal,  while 0	would allow  them all  to form
	       angles with the horizontal.

	  4    Compression % (see formatting, below)

     Changing the system length

	  Besides compressing  and expanding  music within  a  system,
	  systems themselves  may be  placed at  a  distance  in  from
	  either the  left or  the right margin to allow room for text
	  or  special	symbols  etc.  The  keys  which  perform  this
	  operation are  Ctrl-R (fix the right margin) and Ctrl-L (fix
	  the left margin).

	  Ctrl-L	 The left  side of  the current system is
		    fixed at  the cursor  position. If this would
		    have resulted  in  symbols	being  'orphaned'
		    beyond the stave limits then the operation is
		    disallowed and a warning sounded.

	  Ctrl-R	 The right  side of  the current position
		    is fixed  at the cursor position. Again it is
		    not possible  to orphan  objects outside  the
		    system length.
          NoteWorthy 1.85                                        Page 25

	       If the margins need to be reset then the cursor can still be
	       moved back  to the  original position  and the  commands re-
	       typed.

	  Formatting

	       It is  one thing  to type in music, it is another to get the
	       layout on  the page just right. In addition to the pulse and
	       spacing above,  NoteWorthy can  help considerably in getting
	       the bars  per line  just  right.  There	are  three  options
	       available here:

	       a	 To push  existing work to the left to squeeze
			 in another bar at the end

	       b	 To push  some of  the existing  work right to
			 insert a bar

	       c	 To make  the current music expand to fill the
			 page neatly.

	       Pressing Esc when in Enter Mode produces a further menu.

	       In this	menu, the  keys F4,  F5 and  F6 produce the effects
	       above. Note  that all  actions  take  place  for  the  whole
	       system, but specifically these are:

	       a	 To produce  a	compression  of  the  existing
			 music to  the left,  first move the cursor to
			 the position  (typically at  the end  of  the
			 current  music   on  the   line),  and  press
			 Esc, F4. This will result in a compression by
			 about	20%   to  the	left.  The  amount  of
			 compression can  be altered  by changing  the
			 compression parameter (see above).

	       b	 To produce  a compression  right in  order to
			 open a space, move the cursor to the required
			 position and press Esc, F5.

	       c	 To fill  out existing	music, move the cursor
			 to a  position in which the music to the left
			 is not  to be	moved, and  the music  to  the
			 right is  to be  filled out  to the stave end
			 (this will  typically be a position after the
			 key signature) and press Esc, F6.

	       The compression factor is in the Parameters screen, obtained
	       by pressing Esc, F3. Press the down arrow to move the cursor
	       to the Compression Factor value and the left or right arrows
	       to change it. Press Enter to return to Enter mode.
                 NoteWorthy 1.85                                        Page 26

     How formatting works

	  There is  no automatic formatting in NoteWorthy. The spacing
	  is always  under your  control, and  when a  compression  or
	  expansion is	requested, then  the program merely expands or
	  contracts the  spaces between  notes in  proportion  to  the
	  expansion or	contraction required. Thus if notes are almost
	  next to  each other  it may  in  fact  not  be  possible  to
	  compress the	stave at  all. Once notes, clefs, accidentals,
	  etc are  moved then  the other items are made to fit in with
	  this. Lines,	curves and  text are  then moved in accordance
	  with	this   reformatting  so   care	must  be  taken  in  a
	  compression that text is not overlapping other text.

	  Since the  Justify option  shifts all the objects out to the
	  complete size  of the  stave, it is important that the final
	  object should  not be  at the  end of  the stave! It is very
	  easy to  inadvertently leave a bar line at the extreme right
	  and wonder  why Justify  does not  move  the	music.	Simply
	  delete the last bar line and try again.
          NoteWorthy 1.85                                        Page 27

		    14. Mastering the Program: Altering Existing
					Music


	       To enter Edit Mode, press F10. The object nearest the cursor
	       will  now  change  colour  (red	for  colour  systems,  grey
	       otherwise). It  can now	be edited in a completely intuitive
	       way depending  on the  actual symbol shown. The normal input
	       keys are  active except	that an object cannot be changed to
	       another object,	although notes	can  be  changed  in  their
	       attributes (dots, emphases, names, octaves, durations etc).

	       Another difference  is that  in edit  mode curves are erased
	       and their  defining points  replaced by	small  boxes  whose
	       position can be altered with the arrow keys. The curves will
	       be redrawn when edit mode is terminated.

	       Note that bar lines exist on the top stave of a system only,
	       so that	they can  only be  moved or  changed by  moving the
	       cursor to the top system and editing with F10.

	       The list of keys available in Edit Mode is as follows:

	       Arrows	 Same operation  as in	Enter  Mode.  However,
			 Ctrl-Left and	Ctrl-Right change the editable
			 object  to   that  to	 the  left   or  right
			 respectively.

	       A-G	 Change object to an A-G note

	       1-8	 Change duration  of note  (NB the  default at
			 the screen  bottom does  not change  in  Edit
			 Mode)

	       JPOI	 Change note stick orientation

	       <-,T,t	      Make or  break a beam or tie, as in Edit
			 Mode

	       0'=.      Change  note  style,  staccato,  emphasis  or
			 dotting

	       /	 Change bar line type

	       Kk	 Change key signature

	       Yy,Ctrl-Y,Alt-Y Change symbol

	       Del	 Delete symbol

	       If the  edit is	terminated with  Esc then  the edit will be
	       aborted on  confirmation of  the prompt, but this will cause
	       the stave to be reinstated just as it was before the F10 key
	       was pressed. When the edit is terminated with Enter then the
	       current stave editing is complete and fixed in place.

	       Many objects can be changed before pressing Enter, using the
	       Ctrl-L and  Ctrl-R keys	to move  between them.	In this way
	       many objects  may be  edited at	once and then the resulting
	       complete stave be reinstated into the page.
                 NoteWorthy 1.85                                        Page 28

	  Note that  beamed notes  may	need  to  be  unbeamed	before
	  changing the attributes which would make this impossible (eg
	  J,P, 0 (zero)).
          NoteWorthy 1.85                                        Page 29

		     15. Mastering the program: File saving and
				       loading


	  Saving your work

	       At any  stage in the addition of music the file being worked
	       on may  be saved via the Escape key and menu (page (?)). The
	       sequence is  Esc S  and a new menu appears offering the user
	       the opportunity	to define  or change  the output file name.
	       The file  will, however,  always have an extension of .NW so
	       that the program will recognise it on the choice menu.

	       If a file is saved when another file of the same name exists
	       then the  old file  is saved  with the extension of .BAK and
	       the new one takes the .NW extension.

	       There is currently no mechanism in NoteWorthy to load a .BAK
	       file, should  you need to use a .BAK file then you will need
	       to exit the program (or shell to DOS with Esc F2) and rename
	       the .BAK file with a suitable new name and .NW extension, eg

			      RENAME MYFILE.BAK OLDFILE.NW

	  Loading

	       When working on one file it is possible to load another with
	       the Esc	L sequence, when the file selection screen is again
	       presented. However  if the current screen has not been saved
	       prior to  a load then the program requires a confirmation of
	       this with a further press of L at the prompt.

	  Deleting files

	       There is  no direct  mechanism in  NoteWorthy  for  deleting
	       music files.  You can use the usual DOS delete command after
	       the program  has finished (or during a shell to DOS (Esc F2)
	       command). To  delete the  NoteWorthy file  MYFILE issue	the
	       command
			      DEL MYFILE.NW

	  Finishing

	       The program is terminated by one of the commands

	       Esc Q	      Quits the program. Requires confirmation
			 if work is not  yet saved.

	       Esc X	      Save and exit. Allows a new file name to
			 be specified  or the  one currently in use to
			 be confirmed.

	  Clearing the screen for a new file

	       This is	accomplished by  selecting the New File option from
	       the Load (Esc L) screen.
                 NoteWorthy 1.85                                        Page 30

		    16. Mastering the program: Printing


	  Since the  whole point  of typing in music is so that it can
	  be  saved,   changed	and   reprinted,  NoteWorthy  provides
	  printing via	the Esc P sequence from the Escape mode screen
	  (page (?)).

	  The option  is then  given to  print to  9-pin printer or to
	  file, and  provided that  high  density  printing  has  been
	  specified with  NWSETUP and  that high density drivers exist
          on the disk then the option to print in  high-density  is
          included.  The  option  is selected with the arrow keys and
          Enter key.

	  The direct printing options are self-explanatory and will be
	  attempted via the port LPT1 or LPT2 as specified to NWSETUP.
	  Should the  offer to print to file be accepted then a second
	  menu appears	on  the  same  screen  offering  a  choice  of
	  formats: high  and low  density printer  dumps, and high and
	  low density  .PCX (PC Paintbrush) files in normal or reverse
	  video.

	  Printer dumps  are useful for multiple printing of one file,
	  when the  time to  compose the page can be saved by printing
	  to a dump file and later, after exiting from NoteWorthy, the
	  dump can be copied to the printer directly:

			 COPY /B MUSIC.DMP LPT1:

	  (Note the  "/B" is required as a NoteWorthy dump is a binary
	  file).

	  Beware however  that printer	dumps can  be several  hundred
	  kilobytes especially in high density mode!

	  However the  well-known PKZIP  Shareware suite  can compress
	  these printer  dumps into  a space  about 5%	of the	actual
	  size, and  print them  directly.  Provided  that  PKZIP  and
	  PKUNZIP are in your current path, you can issue the command

			 PKZIP MUSIC MUSIC.DMP -M

	  which  will	compress  the	file  MUSIC.DMP  to  the  file
	  MUSIC.ZIP, afterwards deleting MUSIC.DMP.

	  The command

			 PKUNZIP MUSIC -PB

	  will send  this compressed  file to  the  printer.  See  the
	  programs from  PKware for  full details  of how  this works.
	  Contact your usual Shareware library.

	  The dump  to .PCX option is useful for producing files which
	  can be  read into  Desktop Publishing  systems for inclusion
	  with other  text. Choose 'normal' or 'reversed' according to
	  your DTP system requirements. If in doubt, experiment.
          NoteWorthy 1.85                                        Page 31

	  The print process

	       Whether printing  to a  printer or a file, the print process
	       consists of  two stages,  page composition  and	the  actual
	       print. Depending  how much  conventional memory is available
	       in your	computer, the  printing  may  be  done	in  several
	       'stripes': compose,  print; compose,  print; etc. While this
	       is happening  there is a screen showing the progress of each
	       of these  operations. The actual time to compose the page is
	       very dependent  on  the	speed  of  your  computer  and	the
	       printing depends on your printer.

	       Occasionally it	is necessary  to abort	a print,  and it is
	       important when  this occurs that your printer should be left
	       in a  sensible state,  ie  at  the  end	of  a  print  scan.
	       Consequently the  Esc key  can be  pressed to abort, but the
	       actual termination  may take  some seconds  after  this.  Be
	       patient.

	  9-pin printouts on 24-pin printers

	       While laserjet  users  may  quite  happily  use	low-density
	       prints as  'draft' prints  (although this  should  be  quite
	       unnecessary due	to the WYSIWYG nature of NoteWorthy), there
	       is an  intrinsic problem  with using  low density  printouts
	       from high-density  dot matrix printers. Since 9-pin printers
	       have a  vertical dot  pitch of  1/72", and  high-density  is
	       1/180", it  is not  possible to  do a perfectly proportioned
	       print. Consequently  9-pin prints on 24-pin printers will be
	       found to  be vertically stretched by about 20%, meaning that
	       the effective length of an 11" page is about 9".
                 NoteWorthy 1.85                                        Page 32

		 17. Mastering the program - system layout


	  Occasionally it  is  necessary  to  have  systems  of  mixed
	  construction on  one page,  and NoteWorthy will allow you to
	  override the default system construction as follows:

	  Del	    This  key  deletes	just  one  stave  of  the
		    current  system.   Since   it   is	 such	a
		    destructive command  (deleting all	the stave
		    contents with it) it requires a confirmation.

	  {	    (Left  curly   bracket)  This  key	binds  or
		    unbinds the  current stave	with that  below,
		    provided that it is in the same system.

	  [	    (Left square bracket) This attaches the stave
		    below to  the current  stave so that they are
		    part of the same system.

	  <	    Insert a  single unattached  stave above  the
		    current one.

	  >	    Insert a  single unattached  stave below  the
		    current one.

	  Using these  keys  systems  can  be  constructed  which  are
	  smaller or  greater that  the default defined at the program
	  entry, or  have bindings  significantly different  from each
	  other.

	  Normally systems  would be  set up  when they are empty, but
	  NoteWorthy allows  full staves to be merged. In this context
	  it should  be noted  that since  bar lines occur only on the
	  top stave  of each  system,  they  may  be  duplicated  when
	  systems are  merged by  pressing [  on the lowest stave of a
	  system.

	  When this  key is  pressed to separate systems then existing
	  bar lines  are copied  to the top stave of the new system to
	  maintain any barring which has already been defined.
          NoteWorthy 1.85                                        Page 33

		       18. Mastering the program: Transposing


	       NoteWorthy has  the ability  to transpose  a single stave or
	       the complete  page by  a semitone  either up or down, and so
	       repeated application  of this  will generate  any reasonable
	       transposition. The  technique  is  self-explanatory  and  is
	       accessed by  the keys  F7, F8,  F9 and F10 on the menu which
	       appears when Esc is pressed (page (?)).

	       The procedure  may take	a little  while (depending  on	the
	       complexity of  music and the speed of your computer) but the
	       following points should be noted:

		    1	 The key  of 6	flats is  used rather  than  6
			 sharps for transpositions up from one flat or
			 down from 1 sharp.

		    2	 All notes, accidentals and key signatures are
			 changed. This	is not normally a problem, but
			 many	key-signatures	 become   wider   when
			 transposing from,  for example,  one sharp to
			 six flats.  Some adjustment  in format  (by a
			 setting the  compression ratio  to about 5% -
			 Esc F3  - and compressing right - Esc F5) may
			 be necessary.

		    3	 Sometimes the	program cannot	decide how  to
			 designate various  notes and accidentals. For
			 instance some	double flats  occurring  in  a
			 sharp	key   have  an	 unclear   destination
			 accidental when  being  transposed  down.  In
			 this  case   the  program   will  leave  this
			 particular accidental alone and warn the user
			 to modify  it manually.  This could  occur  a
			 number of  times in  one  transposition,  but
			 will  only   occur   in   these   exceptional
			 conditions.

		    4	 If there is no key signature then the program
			 will not  insert one.	Therefore it is a good
			 idea when  working in	C major  to insert  an
			 "dummy" key signature with the keystrokes:

			 K    Shift-K	Enter

			 This results  in an on-screen "key signature"
			 of one  natural on  the centre stave. It will
			 not be printed out when a print is requested.
                 NoteWorthy 1.85                                        Page 34

		   19. Case Study: a Single Stave Melody


	  These case  studies  were  all  produced  by	capturing  the
	  keystrokes presented	to NoteWorthy  in a demonstration file
	  and presenting this back to the package.

	  The effect  of re-typing this score can be produced with the
	  command

			 NW /DEMO:CASE1

	  provided  that   the	file   CASE1.DEM  is  in  the  current
	  directory.

	  The following comments refer to its production.

	       1    Almost all	the symbols  were completed  with
		    spacebar which  gives  default  spacing.  The
		    line  ends	 were  then  either  squeezed  in
		    manually or justified right with Esc F6.

	       2    The melody is placed before the words, taking
		    care not  to make  too small  a space between
		    the notes.

	       3    The words  are then  typed underneath,  using
		    multiple spaces to obtain approximate spacing
		    between the  words. Where  these do  not fit,
		    Edit Mode F10 is used to adjust positions.

	       4    Guitar chords  for	accompaniment  are  added
		    using  the	 Ctrl  key   so  that  they  will
		    transpose	correctly   if	 the   music   is
		    transposed later.
          NoteWorthy 1.85                                        Page 35

			     20. Case Study: A Hymn Tune


	       This case study can be produced with the command

			      NW /DEMO:CASE2

	       provided  that	the  file   CASE2.DEM  is  in  the  current
	       directory. Like	Case Study 1 it was produced from keystroke
	       capture	during	 production.  The  following  comments	are
	       relevant:

		    1	 The melody  was first placed as in Case Study
			 1 using the default spacebar spacing.

		    2	 The s	are then  aligned across  both	staves
			 with use of Tab or sh-Tab.

		    3	 Use of zoom mode F3 to centralise the title.

		    4	 Use of  the copyright	symbol in  the text at
			 the right.

		    5	 The speed of entry of this hymn tune makes it
			 ideal for transposition to suit the ranges of
			 the singers.
                 NoteWorthy 1.85                                        Page 36

		       21: Case Study: A Piano Score


	  This demonstration may be run with the command

			 NW /DEMO:CASE3

	  when CASE3.DEM  is in  the current  directory. The following
	  comments can be made:

	       1    The most  convenient pulse	for this piece is
		    the  quaver,  and  this  is  set  up  at  the
		    beginning, adjusting  the spacing grade to be
		    2 rather than the normal 3.

	       2    Throughout the  entry of  the music, the most
		    complex part  is entered  first, even if this
		    means hopping between treble and bass staves.

	       3    Quaver s  are produced  by entering  crotchet
		    lower notes to a beamed-quaver part.

	       4    Notes without  stems are  used in  bar  7  to
		    produce adjacent notes apparently on the same
		    stem.

	       5    The placing  of the  phrasing curves are left
		    to the  end of the production as these take a
		    large amount  of computer  time to	draw  and
                    redraw.

	       6    The   centralising	  of   the    title   was
		    accomplished by  switching to zoom mode while
		    typing it.

	       7    The complicated  slur and emphasis annotation
		    in bar  1 was  copied to  subsequent  quavers
		    using Block Mode.
          NoteWorthy 1.85                                        Page 37

			   APPENDIX A: NWSETUP and NW.CFG


	       The program  NWSETUP, when  run	(simply  type  the  command
	       NWSETUP),  places  a  file  called  NW.CFG  on  the  current
	       directory of  the disk. This file is read by NoteWorthy when
	       it starts  up, and  contains a  list of the parameters which
	       are needed to customise your system for this package.

	       When the  program is  run, a  menu appears on the left where
	       items can  be selected  with the  up and down arrow keys and
	       Enter. On  selection, submenus  will  appear  and  responses
	       selected in  a similar  manner. The box at the bottom of the
	       screen contains the current settings.

	       When the  selection is  complete the  'Finish' option can be
	       selected, with  the 'Save  and Exit' option. This will cause
	       the file NW.CFG to be saved to the current directory.

	       If you have a monochrome screen and the text is hard to read
	       then the  program can  be forced  to run  in Monochrome mode
	       with the command

			      NWSETUP MONO
                 NoteWorthy 1.85                                        Page 38

		     Appendix B: For Computer Novices


	  In DOS,  file names  consist of two parts, the name (up to 8
	  characters) and  the extension (up to 3 characters following
	  a full stop). The idea is that the file extension gives some
	  clue as  to the  nature or use of the file, and the name its
	  contents or  function. Thus all the NoteWorthy program files
	  have names  of "NW"  and varying  extensions. All  the music
	  files which  it produces  have names	which you  can	define
	  yourself, but  extensions of	".NW". Thus the file selection
	  screen only searches for files with extension ".NW".

	  Your	hard  disk  (probably  drive  C)  is  structured  into
	  directories, which  have a  name of up to 8 characters. This
	  allows groups  of related  files to  be stored together, and
	  can include directories-within-directories.

	  The best  way to organise your NoteWorthy system is to place
	  all the  program files  into a  directory called C:\NW (that
	  is, its name is "NW", and it's on drive C at the very top of
	  the directory tree), and the files grouped in subdirectories
	  off	this	directory,   eg    C:\NW\SONGS,   C:\NW\PIANO,
	  C:\NW\VIOLIN, etc.

	  The relevant	computer commands you could use here are COPY,
	  MD (make directory) and CD (change directory).

	  To install  your system, copy your NoteWorthy files to C:\NW
	  as in  the installation instructions. Then you can move into
	  that directory by typing

			 CD \NW

	  and create subdirectories with (eg)

			 MD SONGS
			 MD PIANO
			 MD VIOLIN

	  Now you are "sitting in" the C:\NW directory and you can run
	  the NoteWorthy setup program by typing

			 NWSETUP

	  and answering  the questions.  This leaves  a file NW.CFG in
	  the directory for the program to use.

	  Run NoteWorthy by typing

			 NW

	  and at  the file  selection screen (see page 5) you can move
	  into the  required  directory  by  selecting	the  directory
	  SONGS\, PIANO\  or  VIOLIN\  before  selecting  New File  or
	  loading an old file.
          NoteWorthy 1.85                                        Page 39

	       These notes are not intended to be a substitute for your DOS
	       manual, but  they may  get you started quickly. Don't forget
	       to keep	a second  backup copy of all your NoteWorthy files,
	       either by copying them to floppy disk or some other way. One
	       thing is  certain: one  day your hard disk will fail and you
	       will probably lose all your hard work unless you have backed
	       up your data.

	       You can	keep a	floppy disk  containing all  the files in a
	       given directory	by moving  to that directory and copying to
	       drive A:

	       For example

			      CD \NW
			      CD VIOLIN
			      COPY *.* A:

	       This moves  you first to the NoteWorthy main directory, then
	       to the  subdirectory VIOLIN  and then  copies all  files  to
	       floppy disk in drive A.
                 NoteWorthy 1.85                                        Page 40

		Appendix C: Computer Configuration - names
				 and paths


     Files and Functions

	  The following  files are  created on	your directory	by the
	  installation process:



     Vital files - the system will not run without these:

	  NW.EXE	 The main program
	  NW.OVL	 and its overlay (must be kept together)
			 (some versions of the software only)
	  NW.FNT	 Font file, needed by program on loading
	  NW.HLP	 Help file


     Optional files

	  NW.TUT	 On-line tutorial
	  NW.HNT	 User-maintained hint file

     Ancillary programs

	  NWSETUP.EXE	 NWSETUP program, creates file NW.CFG in
			 current directory.

	  If the  file NW.CFG  is not  in the directory from which you
	  run the  program then  the directory	containing the program
	  NW.EXE is  searched. If  this does not contain the file then
	  certain defaults are assumed:

	  Monitor:	 EGA/VGA/Hercules as found in the system,
			 colour assumed unless Hercules.
	  Printer:	 Epson
	  Density:	 Low
	  Keyboard:	 Non-enhanced (XT)
	  No pagethrow after printing
	  No keyboard speed-up
	  Printer port:  LPT1
	  Page length:	 11"

	  All data  files (NW.FNT,  NW.HLP, NW.TUT) are treated in the
	  same	way,   ie  the	program  first	searches  the  current
	  directory and failing that, the source directory. Thus high-
	  density printer  drivers (NW.F08, NW.F13, NW.F24) may reside
	  in  the  NoteWorthy  source  directory  or  in  the  current
	  directory, making  the system  usable for  twin 360K	floppy
	  disk users.
          NoteWorthy 1.85                                        Page 41

		     Appendix D - Making the program run faster


	       A. Keyboard speed.

	       Most computers  today are supplied with an extended (101- or
	       102-key) keyboards, and these can all be made to run faster,
	       so that	you don't  wait as long for the autorepeat to start
	       when you  hold a  key down, and it also repeats faster. This
	       is particularly	useful for moving the cursor quickly in the
	       package. It  may  be  that  some  88-key  keyboards  can  be
	       accelerated  in	this  way  too,  and  you  are	invited  to
	       experiment by  running the  program NWSETUP  and  using	the
	       options there.

	       Another advantage of the extended keyboard is that it can be
	       made to	issue other  key combinations  such as Ctrl-Down or
	       Ctrl-Up and  Alt-PgUp and  Alt-PgDn which are unavailable on
	       the  88-key   keyboards.  The   latter  two  keystrokes	are
	       available on  these keyboards  as F4  and Shift-F4 have been
	       provided.

	       B. Disk speed

	       Since the  program makes  extensive use of overlays and also
	       reads printer  driver files when printing in high resolution
	       (24 pin/300  dpi) mode, then the use of a disk cache running
	       in either extended or expanded  is an advantage.

	       C. Printing speed

	       When an image is being constructed, the program makes use of
	       what conventional   is available in which to build each pass
	       of the  image. The  more available  memory you  have in your
	       system the  fewer passes will be necessary and so the faster
	       the printing will be, in general.

	       For the	same reason, when printing directly to a printer, a
	       medium sized  printer buffer  (32K or  over) will  allow the
	       construction of each pass to continue while the last pass is
	       still printing.	The printer  buffer could  exist within the
	       printer, an interface box, or in system software.
                 NoteWorthy 1.85                                        Page 42

			Appendix E: Error Messages


	  This is a list of error messages, their causes and remedies.
	  Most of  these are  shown by	a message at the bottom of the
	  edit screen and a simultaneous beep from the system.

     Bad filename

		    You have given a file name for saving which is not
		    acceptable to  the operating  system (such	as all
		    spaces). Define another name and try again.

     Cannot delete the only stave

		    You have  asked to	delete the  only stave	on the
		    page. NoteWorthy  cannot work  without a  stave on
		    which to place the cursor.

     Cannot justify - expansion too large

		    You have requested a justify operation which would
		    result in an expansion larger than 25, which might
		    involve  positional   errors.  Adjust   the  stave
		    manually first.

     Clef?

		    You  have  attempted  to  define  a  note  or  key
		    signature without  defining a  clef on  the stave.
		    Define a clef and continue.

     No more staves

		    You have  requested a new system to be drawn which
		    would exceed  the limit  of 12  staves  per  page.
		    Finish the	page, save it and place the new system
		    on the next page.

     Not enough memory to print

		    You have  requested a  print  when	there  is  not
		    enough conventional memory left to print. You must
		    free  up  more  memory  by	removing  TSRs	before
		    running NoteWorthy.

     Not enough room on this drive

		    There is  not enough  room to save the page on the
		    current drive.  Choose another  drive or  shell to
		    DOS (Esc  F2) and  delete some .BAK files or other
		    files.

     Nothing to do

		    You have  requested NoteWorthy  to justify	to the
		    right of  the cursor  when there are no objects to
		    the right of the cursor!
          NoteWorthy 1.85                                        Page 43

	  Objects beyond cursor

			 You have  requested NoteWorthy to cut off the left
			 or right of a stave (with Ctrl-L/Ctrl-R) and there
			 are objects  which would  be orphaned	beyond	the
			 cut-off point. Delete them first, or move them in.

	  Overlay error

			 (Some versions)  The file NW.OVL was not found and
			 the program could not start. Make sure that NW.OVL
			 is in the same directory as NW.EXE

	  Printer not ready

			 You have  requested a	printout  directly  to	the
			 printer, but  it is not connected, out of paper or
			 some other  problem. Make sure you are printing to
			 the  correct	printer  port  (LPT1  or  LPT2)  or
			 otherwise check  the printer  before requesting  a
			 print. You can always get a printout to disk file.

	  Too many objects on this stave

			 NoteWorthy allows a maximum of 250 objects on each
			 stave. You have requested an operation which would
			 exceed this  number. You  must arrange  that there
			 are less  by (eg)  deleting text and placing it on
			 another stave;  moving a  bar and  placing  it  on
			 another stave or generally reducing the complexity
			 of the score.

	  Transposition Error

			 See the section on transposing on page 33.

	  Undo turned off due to lack of disk space

			 When	NoteWorthy    performs	 a   justification,
			 compression or  edit  (F10)  it  first  saves	the
			 current line in a disk file in order that the user
			 can undo  his operation with F7 later. If there is
			 insufficient disk  space to  save this  stave then
			 this message appears and the undo operation is not
			 available.

			 You could  free up  some disk space by shelling to
			 Dos (Esc F2) and deleting .BAK files:

			      DEL *.BAK
                 NoteWorthy 1.85                                        Page 44

     Program Failure

	  NoteWorthy is  a program  under continual  development, and,
	  like all software (though many authors or software houses do
	  not admit  it) will  probably  contain  residual  errors  or
	  'bugs'. Hopefully  these are  minimal, but  should   a fatal
	  program error occur then the screen will clear and a cryptic
	  message appear  highlighting the  area within the program at
	  which the error occurred. But more usefully, from the user's
	  point of  view, it  offers to  attempt to save your work. If
	  you answer Y to this question then the current file is saved
	  with	the   name  ERROR$$$.NW,   which  you	could	rename
	  (RENAME ERROR$$$.NW MYFILE.NW) and so attempt to salvage.

	  You may  like to  fill in the Software Performance Report in
	  Appendix G  and return it to Braeburn Software. If, from the
	  information you  supply, we  are able  to track down and fix
	  this bug  then you  will be  sent the  latest version of the
	  software free of charge. Please include the ERROR$$$.NW file
	  if it would help us.
          NoteWorthy 1.85                                        Page 45

			      Appendix F - note styles


	       The key	0 (number zero) may be pressed a number of times in
	       the creation  or editing of a note. This alters the style in
	       ways dependent  on the  actual duration	of  the  note.	The
	       symbols available are

		    1	 Small	notes.	 Quavers  etc  can  be	beamed
			 together just as for normal notes

		    2	 Open-headed tailed  notes. These  can be used
			 for shakes by beaming them

		    3	 Crossed  crotchets  (and  longer).  Up  to  2
			 strikethroughs are  available,  if  more  are
			 required then	they are  available with Alt-1
			 and Alt-2

		    4	 Cross-headed	notes,	  again   beaming   is
			 possible.

	       Note that beaming is not possible between notes of differing
	       styles, and beams must be removed before editing.
                 NoteWorthy 1.85                                        Page 46

		 APPENDIX G - software performance report




	  NoteWorthy version  number (from  the  introductory  screen)
	  __________

	  Registration Name (first line of sign-off message):

	  __________________________________________________________



	  Processor type: 8088/8086/286/386/486 _____

	  Video type: Hercules/EGA/VGA ______

	  Keyboard type:  Extended (88)  /non-extended (101/102  keys)
	  _______

	  Printer type:  Epson/Proprinter/Laserjet _______________ (if
	  relevant)

	  Error number given on failure screen: _________________

	  Error message:











	  Write here a description of your operations before the error
	  if you think it may help us pin-point the error:
