  APPEND [pathmame] [;pathname]                                External 3.2+

         Sets search path for nonexecutable files.
  ASSIGN [drive=drive]                                         External 2.0+
         Reassigns disk drive to another disk drive name.
         (Caution see DOS manual)
  ATTRIB [+ or -R] [+ or -A] pathname                          External 3.0+
         Change file attribute of read-only and archive files
         or display attribute status.
  BACKUP [pathname] drive:                                     External 2.0+
         Backup hard drive files to a floppy drive.
         Use RESTORE to restore files. (see DOS manual)
  BREAK [on] [off]                                             Internal 2.0+
         "CTRL+C"
         Turns break on or off or display break status.
  BUFFERS=#                                                    Internal 2.0+
         Sets the number of disk buffers (528 bytes each).
         Used in the CONFIG.SYS file. 1-99
  CALL                                                         Internal 3.3+
         Calls another batch file from a batch file without
         terminating the calling batch file.
  CHCP [###]                                                   Internal 3.3+
         Selects or displays the active code page defined
         by the COUNTRY command.
  CHDIR [pathname] or CD [pathname]                            Internal 2.0+
         Change the current directory to pathname or display
         the current directory.
  CHKDSK [drive:] [/F] [/V]                                    External 1.0+
         Checks disk and reports disk information.
         /F correct errors if possable, /V display messages.
  CLS                                                          Internal 2.0+
         Clears the display screen and sends the cursor to
         the top left corner of the screen (home position).
  COMMAND                                                      External 2.0+
         Starts a new command processor. (see DOS manual)
         Optional switches depends on DOS version.
  COMP pathname pathname or FC pathname pathname               External 1.0+
         (depends on version)
         Compares two files byte-by-byte.
  COPY pathname [pathname][/A][/B][/V]                         Internal 1.0+
         Copy file from one pathname to another.
         /A ASCII file, /B binary file, /V verify copy.
  COUNTRY=###                                                  External 3.0+
         Select country or language code.
         Used in the CONFIG.SYS file.
  CTTY device                                                  Internal 2.0+
         aux, com#, con, lpt#, prn
         Changes I/O to device.
  DATE [mm-dd-yy]                                              Internal 1.0+
         Change or display current date.
         (month-day-year)
  DEBUG [file]                                                 External 1.0+
         Starts the DOS DEBUG program.
         Test executable files with debug commands.
  DEL pathname                                                 Internal 1.0+
         Delete file named by pathname.
         Same as ERASE.
  DEVICE=pathname                                              Internal 2.0+
         Install device driver (see DOS manual).
         Used in the CONFIG.SYS file.
  DEVICEHIGH=pathname                                          Internal 5.0+
         Install device driver in upper memory.
         Used in the CONFIG.SYS file. (see DOS manual)
  DIR [pathname] [/P] [/W]                                     Internal 1.0+
         Display directory.
         /P page at a time, /W display directory wide.
  DISKCOMP [drive:] [drive:] [/1] [/8]                         External 1.0+
         Compares two floppy diskettes. Switches depend on
         version. /1 one side, /8 eight sectors per track.
  DISKCOPY [drive:] [drive:]                                   External 1.0+
         Copies floppy diskette from one diskette to another.
         Switch depends on version. /1 copy one side.
  DOS=parameters                                               Internal 5.0+
         Specifies DOS in upper memory.
         Used in the CONFIG.SYS file. (see DOS manual)
  DOSKEY [options]                                             External 5.0+
         TRS command line program.
         (see DOS manual)
  DOSSHELL [options]                                           External 4.0+
         DOS shell program.
         (see DOS manual)
  DRIVPARM=switches                                            Internal 4.0+
         Defines parameters drives.
         Used in the CONFIG.SYS file. (see DOS manual)
  ECHO [on] [off] [message]                                    Internal 2.0+

         Controls screen output during batch file execution.
  EDIT [pathname] [switches]                                   External 5.0+
         Edit program.
         (see DOS manual)
  EDLIN [pathname] [switch]                                    External 1.0+
         Edit program.
         (see DOS manual)
  ERASE pathname                                               Internal 1.0+
         Erase file named by pathname.
         Same as DEL.
  EMM386 [parameters]                                          External 5.0+
         Expanded-memory support for a 80386 or higher.
         (see DOS manual)
  EXE2BIN pathname [pathname]                                  External 1.0+
         Convert an .exe file to a .com file.
         (for programers only)
  EXIT                                                         Internal 2.0+

         Return control to invoking program.
  EXPAND [pathname] [pathname]                                 External 5.0+
         Expand DOS file from DOS disk.
         (see DOS manual)
  FASTOPEN drive:[=#]                                          External 3.3+
         Fast access to frequently used files.
         Used in the CONFIG.SYS file. (see DOS manual)
  FC pathname pathname or COMP pathname pathname               External 1.0+
         (depends on version)
         Compares two files byte-by-byte.
  FCBS #,#                                                     Internal 3.0+
         Number of file control blocks that may be used.
         Used in the CONFIG.SYS file. (see DOS manual)
  FDISK                                                        External 2.0+
         Configure a fixed disk.
         (Caution see DOS manual)
  FILES=#                                                      Internal 2.0+
         Set aside more memory for file handles. (over 8)
         Used in the CONFIG.SYS file.
  FIND "string" [pathname]                                     External 2.0+
         Find string in file specified by pathname.
         See DOS manual for optional switches.
  FOR %[%]variable IN (set) DO command                         Internal 2.0+
         Performs command for each item in set.
         (see DOS manual)
  FORMAT drive:                                                External 1.0+
         Prepares new disk for use. (Caution see DOS manual)
         See DOS manual for optional switches.
  GOTO label                                                   Internal 2.0+

         Goto line with label in batch file.
  GRAFTABL                                                     External 3.0+
         Fix for monitors that do not display extended
         characters (128-255). Use only if needed.
  GRAPHICS                                                     External 2.0+
         Load to print graphic screen with shift-print.
         See DOS manual for optional switches.
  HELP [command]                                               External 5.0+

         Help program.
  IF [not] condition command                                   Internal 2.0+
         If condition is true then execute command.
         If (not) condition is false then execute command.
  INSTALL [pathname]                                           Internal 4.0+
         Install memory-resident program.
         Used in the CONFIG.SYS file.
  JOIN [drive:] [pathname]                                     External 3.0+
         Joins drive to pathname or display status.
         (Caution see DOS manual)
  KEYB [options]                                               External 2.0+
         Set language for keyboard.
         Keyboard program. (See DOS manual)
  LABEL [drive:] [label]                                       External 3.0+
         Change, create, or delete volume label.
         The disk label can have up to 11 characters.
  LASTDRIVE=A-Z                                                Internal 3.0+
         Sets the last drive that can be accessed.
         Used in the CONFIG.SYS file.
  LOADHIGH [pathname]                                          Internal 5.0+
         Load program in upper memory.
         (See DOS manual)
  MEM [switch]                                                 External 4.0+
         Displays memory information.
         Switches are /program, /debug, /classify.
  MIRROR [drive][options]                                      External 5.0+
         Saves information for recovery by the undelete
         and unformat commands. (See dos manual)
  MKDIR pathname or MD pathname                                Internal 2.0+
         Make a new directory named by pathname.
         Directory names can have up to 8 characters.
  MODE option                                                  External 1.0+
         Sets optional modes.
         (See DOS manual for options)
  MORE                                                         External 2.0+

         Used to display output one screen at a time.
  NLSFUNC [pathname]                                           External 3.3+

         Program that loads country language information.
  PATH [;] [pathname] [;pathname]                              Internal 2.0+

         Display path or cancel path or set new path.
  PAUSE [message]                                              Internal 1.0+
         Pause execution of batch file with optional message.
         Displays > Strike a key when ready . . .
  PRINT pathname                                               External 2.0+
         Printout file named in pathname.
         See DOS manual for optional switches.
  PROMPT [$character(s)]                                       Internal 2.0+
         Change system prompt.
         See DOS manual for optional characters.
  RECOVER [pathname] or [drive:]                               External 2.0+
         Recover file(s) with bad sectors.
         (Caution see DOS manual)
  REM [remark]                                                 Internal 1.0+
         Lets you include a remark in a batch file.
         The remark is displayed if ECHO is on.
  RENAME pathname filename                                     Internal 1.0+

         Renames filename in pathname to filename.
  REPLACE pathname pathname                                    External 3.2+
         Selectively replace or add files.
         See DOS manual for optional switches.
  RESTORE drive: pathname                                      External 2.0+
         Restores files that were stored by BACKUP only.
         See DOS manual for optional switches.
  RMDIR pathname or RD pathname                                Internal 2.0+
         Remove a directory named by pathname.
         Only an empty directory can be removed.
  SET [name=[string]]                                          Internal 2.0+
         Sets DOS variable name equal to string or display
         the current environment.
  SHARE                                                        External 3.0+
         Installs support for file sharing and locking.
         See DOS manual for optional switches.
  SHIFT                                                        Internal 2.0+

         Shift parameters back one place.
  SORT [<pathname] [>pathname]                                 External 2.0+
         Sorts data to pathname or display.
         See DOS manual for optional switches.
  STACKS=n,s                                                   Internal 3.2+
         Sets the number of stacks (n) and the size of each
         stack (s). Used in the CONFIG.SYS file.
  SUBST [drive:] [pathname] [/D]                               External 3.0+
         Substitutes drive: for pathname or delete specifier.
         (Caution see DOS manual.)
  SYS drive:                                                   External 1.0+

         Transfers two hidden system files to specified drive.
  TIME [hh:mm:ss]                                              Internal 1.0+

         Set or display time.
  TREE drive: [/F]                                             Internal 2.0+
         Displays directories and subdirectories.
         /F also display files.
  TYPE pathname                                                Internal 1.0+

         Displays file on screen.
  UNDELETE [pathname] [options]                                External 5.0+
         Attempts to restore files that were deleted.
         See DOS manual for optional switches.
  UNFORMAT [drive] [options]                                   External 5.0+
         Attempts to recover a drive after it has been
         formated. See DOS manual for optional switches.
  VER                                                          Internal 2.0+

         Displays DOS version number.
  VERIFY [on] [off]                                            Internal 2.0+
         Displays verify setting or turns verify on/off.
         To verify that files written can be read.
  VOL [drive:]                                                 Internal 2.0+

         Displays volume label.
  XCOPY pathname [pathname]                                    External 3.2+
         Enhanced copy command.
         See DOS manual for optional switches.
