l   9@Dp )8           /2A   h        A.I. Techniques, Technologies                                                       NP  N   2     '             )8    2I    ϰ      ( 8Y      D Ā  Ԁ  ,    8  < h  D  H  L  P  T  X  \  `  d5   l b؀    |     ؀   h       0     M               /   0   d        
       8  si                    ѐ0h             	                  Data Zero   	  X       System Ring 	              4 8 0 8SysAtt Ring 	  l              $ ( ,Simple Selection Ring    
      \  ea    L        |4ր8`                   	                                      EaselPiece Data 	               Position in Easel   	                Easel Part Ring 	            0 4 , 4InputOutput Ring     
         sk                         
       0  dw    L(                             
   $     ba    L(X        $00        <<h    (        
                                   	  L       RHLink Ring 	  	   
    LHLink Ring  
  8      ir   L   Xڼܔ4l(\

                      ѐ                                                    	  
H         Type Ring   	  
         InvRel Ring 	           $Relshp Ring 	          , 0 $ 0Attributes Ring 	     
    NameInst Ring   	  
\   
    $ ( NameIs Ring 	  
       Hash Ring   	  p       Sequence Ring   	              Type Data    
   <   6  gr    `    <(     	              GraphType   	                 Rel Search Number   	  $               Inv Search Number   	        Search Ring  
  (      qq    L 
   ,   P  es    ߰          `4\(,# $#% 	      #     Goal List   	     $     (    Values  	  `   #         esTypeData  	      %         RIData   
   (       kt    L(Xט`߰                                  Q                        (\      W  YT    [8                                        	              Easel Piece   	     #         Extended EaselPiece  	  (           Poly Vertex   	  t   $      Easel Piece 	           Easel   	          Poly Vertex 	           $ 
Box 	  L   %     $
 Box Link    	  p            (#Type    	     %      8  
Type    	     '  "   < #  
Item  	     &    $ 4 RelInst   	      ,  "   <# 
 Attribute 	  H          
Name    	            

NameInst  	              Rel Inst 	              ($Attribute 	   $            % Rel Inst    
   W      V                    dw  @                  @       @                                                                                                                                                                                                     
                    
  `    D           T  x d         /                         
   d      Click for new Box Type   
      $     ba                            
  Ԁ     3   
   R     4   
   4     5   5   = 0     ( l  @     (                                         
  \ ` 
  [ l    n    esE 9    |  |   |  |  (                                         CȀ d    	Bayesian             |       %  T  $   ,  4 X <Q                 %  8  \  ` d T l p   `         
  t    
 2  Bayesian    E 9       Ā Ȁ  @   \                                           D 8    Free Bayesian                   %    X  ܀ ` P h  pQ                H=    |     l                                                        %  l         $ D  `         
  ( H   
 2  Bayesian                   E 9  !  |  |    |  |  $ !t                                        b !X    Boolean          |       %   L      (  0 T 8Q                 %  4  X  \ ` P h l   `         
  p     2  Boolean E 9  "Ԁ         8     T                                           &,  0     
Free Boolean                      %  "H   P  Ԁ  X  H  ` !  hQ                H=  Gl  |      !`               !                                                        %   d  !    ! !  ! ! !<  `         
  !  !@    2  Boolean                    
  ! !x   
 2  False    
   !   	 2  True    E 9  $ ! ! ! ! ! # ! "4 ! !Ԁ "P !                                      $  , $ "   Integer    "  "  !  !       %  #x  "L  !؀ "T "D "\ " "dQ                 %  "`  "  " " "| " " "  `         
  " "    2  Integer E 9  %Ȁ "؀ "Ѐ " "Ѐ " " "Ѐ #d "Ѐ # # #                                          6  #\ #0   
Free Integer       #<  #0  "  "       %  %<  #|  #  # #t # $0 #Q                H=  !  !  "  # $ # #Ȁ # #Ѐ # #؀ #܀ $8 #                                      ",  "  #  #       %  #  $4  # $< $, $D $H $h  `         
  $L $l    2  Integer    $  "  $  #      E 9  ' $ $ $ $ $ & $ %( $ $Ȁ %D $                                         N@ 't $   Float      %  $  $  $       %  &h  %@  $̀ %H %8 %P %t %XQ                 %  %T  %x  %| % %p % % %  `         
  % %   
 2  Float   E 9  ( %̀ %Ā %Ԁ %Ā %܀ % %Ā &T %Ā & &p %                                          #8 &L &$   Free Float     &0  &$  %  %       %  (0  &l  % &t &d &| '  &Q                H=  $  $  %  & '| & & & & & &Ȁ &̀ '( &                                      %   $  &  &       %  &  '$  &Ѐ ', ' '4 '8 'X  `         
  '< '\   
 2  Float      '  $  '  &      E 9  * ' ' ' ' ' ) ' ( ' ' (8 '                                        t *x '   Probability    '  '  '  '       %  )h  (4  ' (< (, (D (h (LQ                 %  (H  (l  (p (t (d (| ( (  `         
  ( (    2  Probability E 9  + (Ā ( (̀ ( (Ԁ (؀ ( )T ( ) )p (                                          ; )L )   Free Probability       )(  )  (  (       %  +0  )l  ( )t )d )| *  )Q                H=  '  '  (  ) * ) ) ) ) ) )Ȁ )̀ *( )                                      (  '  )  )       %  )  *$  )Ѐ *, * *4 *8 *X  `         
  *< *\    2  Probability    *  '  *  )      E 9  - * * * * * , * + * * +8 *                                      )   ^Ȁ -h *   String     *  *  *  *       %  ,\  +4  * +< +, +D +h +LQ                 %  +H  +l  +p +t +d +| + +  `         
  + +    2  String  E 9  . + + +Ȁ + +Ѐ +Ԁ + ,H + , ,d +                                        (  / ,@ ,   Free String    ,$  ,  +  +       %  .$  ,`  + ,h ,X ,p - ,xQ                H=  It  *  +  , -p , , , , , , , - ,   2               <         =       +  *  ,  ,       %  ,t  -  ,Ā -  - -( -, -L  `         
  -0 -P    2  String     ,  *  -   ,      E 9  1T - - - - - / - . - - ., 0                                      ,  1 0h -   	Weekdays       -  -  -  -       %  /X  .(  - .0 .  .8 .\ .@Q                 %  .<  .`  .d .h .X .p .t .  `         
  .x .   
 2  Weekdays    E 9  2| . . . . .Ȁ .̀ . /D . / /` .                                           2 /< /   Free Weekdays      /  /  .  .       %  1  /\  . /d /T /l 0 /tQ                H=  -  -  .  / 0p / / / / / / / 0 /                                  .  -  /  /       %  /p  0  / 0 0 0$ 0( 0H  `         
  0, 0L   
 2  Weekdays       /  -  /  /       
  0 0    2  Sunday   
  0 0    2  Monday   
  0؀ 0    2  Tuesday  
  0 0    2  Wednesday    
  1 0   
 2  Thursday     
  14 1    2  Friday   
  - 18   
 2  Saturday    E 9  4t 1X 1P 1` 1P 1h 3T 1P 1܀ 1P 1| 1 4D                                          4( 1   YesNo      1  1  1t  1P       %  3  1  1 1 1 2 2( 2Q                 %  2  2,  20 24 2$ 2< 2@ 2`  `         
  2D 2d   
 2  YesNo   E 9  5 2 2x 2 2x 2 2 2x 3 2x 3\ 3$ 2                                        %   p 3  2   Free YesNo     2  2  2  2x       %  5  3   2 3( 3 30 3Ԁ 38Q                H=  1l  1P  2  3` 40 3P 3l 3P 3t 3P 3| 3 3܀ 3                                      1  1  3d  3P       %  34  3  3 3 3Ѐ 3 3 4  `         
  3 4   
 2  YesNo      3  1  3  3P       
  4\ 4H    2  No   
  1 4`    2  Yes E 9  7d 4x 4p 4 4p 4 6t 4p 4 4p 4 5 4                             
         1  P 7H 4   Odds       4  4  4  4p       %  6<  5  4 5 5 5$ 5H 5,Q                 %  5(  5L  5P 5T 5D 5\ 5` 5  `         
  5d 5   	 2  Odds    E 9  8 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6( 5 6| 6D 5                                        2  )$ 6  5   
Free Odds      6  5  5  5       %  8   6@  5Ȁ 6H 68 6P 6 6XQ                H=  4  4p  5  6 7P 6p 6 6p 6 6p 6 6 6 6 
                                 4  4  6  6p       %  6T  6  6 7  6 7 7 7,  `         
  7 70   	 2  Odds       6  4  6  6p      E 9  :T 7h 7` 7p 7` 7x 9d 7` 7 7` 7 8 7                                      *  ؀ :8 7   Ratio      7  7  7  7`       %  9,  8  7 8 7 8 88 8Q                 %  8  8<  8@ 8D 84 8L 8P 8p  `         
  8T 8t   
 2  Ratio   E 9  ; 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 8 9l 94 8                                        -  ,  9 8   Free Ratio     8  8  8  8       %  :  90  8 98 9( 9@ 9 9HQ                H=  7|  7`  8  9p :@ 9` 9| 9` 9 9` 9 9 9 9                                  7  7  9t  9`       %  9D  9  9 9 9 9 9 :  `         
  :  :    
 2  Ratio      9  7  9  9`      E 9  =T :X :P :` :P :h <` :P : :P :| : :                                      4  7Ȁ =8 :   Proportion     :  :  :t  :P       %  <(  :  : ;  : ; ;, ;Q                 %  ;  ;0  ;4 ;8 ;( ;@ ;D ;d  `         
  ;H ;h    2  Proportion  E 9  > ; ; ; ; ; ; ; < ; <h <0 ;                                        5  8 < ;   Free Proportion    ;  ;  ;  ;       %  =  <,  ; <4 <$ << < <DQ                H=  :l  :P  ;  <l =@ <\ <x <\ < <\ < < < <   	                                   :  :  <p  <\       %  <@  <  < < <܀ < < =  `         
  < =    2  Proportion     <  :  <  <\      E 9  @T =X =P =` =P =h ?` =P = =P =| = =                             
           @ @8 =   	-1..0..1       =  =  =t  =P       %  ?(  =  = >  = > >, >Q                 %  >  >0  >4 >8 >( >@ >D >d  `         
  >H >h   
 2  -1..0..1    E 9  A > > > > > > > ? > ?h ?0 >                                        '  A ? >   Free -1..0..1      >  >  >  >       %  @  ?,  > ?4 ?$ ?< ? ?DQ                H=  =l  =P  >  ?l @@ ?\ ?x ?\ ? ?\ ? ? ? ? 
                                      =  =  ?p  ?\       %  ?@  ?  ? ? ?܀ ? ? @  `         
  ? @   
 2  -1..0..1       ?  =  ?  ?\      E 9  Cd @X @P @` @P @h Bl @P @ @P @| A  @                                      &(   CH @   0..360 degrees     @  @  @t  @P       %  B4  @  @ A @ A A0 AQ                 %  A  A4  A8 A< A, AD AH Ah  `         
  AL Al    2  0..360 degrees  E 9  D A A A A A A A B  A Bt B< A                                        "   B A   Free 0..360 degrees    A  A  A  A       %  D   B8  A B@ B0 BH B BPQ                H=  @l  @P  A  Bx CP Bh B Bh B Bh B B B B                                      @  @  B|  Bh       %  BL  B  B B B C  C C$  `         
  C C(    2  0..360 degrees     B  @  B  Bh      E 9   Ch C` Cp C` Cx Ed C` C C` C D C                                      7   F8 C   Block      C  C  C  C`       %  E,  D  C D C D D8 DQ                 %  D  D<  D@ DD D4 DL DP Dp  `         
  DT Dt   
 2  Block   E 9  FT D D D D D D D E D El E4 D                                        8    E D   Free Block     D  D  D  D       %  F  E0  D E8 E( E@ E EHQ                H=  C|  C`  D  Ep F@ E` E| E` E E` E E E E   $                                   C  C  Et  E`       %  ED  E  E E E E E F  `         
  F  F    
 2  Block      E  C  E  E`      E 9  H FX FP F` FP Fh Fl FP F FP Gt G F                                        =  K F F   Contract Meaning       F  F  Ft  FP       %  I  G   F G F G G4 GQ                 %  H  G8  G< G@ G0 GH GL GP  `        `H=    |  F|  Gx G Gh G Gh G Gh G G H G                                      A  oT G G   	Included       G  G  G|  Gh       %  G  H  G H H H$ H( Hd  `     p     H  H  H  H   an  
  H, Hh   
 2  Included    E 9  J H H H H H H H HP H I| I H                                        D  M U H   Insert   %  Nx  I  H I I  I I< I Q                 %  J  I@  ID IH I8 IP IT IX  `        `H=  *  *  H  I J  Ip I Ip I Ip I I J I   2               <         =       #4  8 I I   Istring    I  I  I  Ip       %  I  J  I J  J J( J, Jh  `     p     J  J  J  J   g   
  J0 Jl    2  Istring E 9  M܀ J J J J J K J JT J J J J                                       I   JL J   Topics   =  K|  J  K  K K K  K K  K$ Kh K  K0 K4 K8   H  S8 K` K<   Time       KH  K<  K(  K        =  K  J  K  K K Kx K Kx K K Kx K K K   /  q K؀ K   Control    K  K  K  Kx       =  Ll  J  K  L  L K L K L LX K L  L$ L(   J   LP L,   Pricing    L8  L,  L  K       =  L  J  Lt  Lx L| Lh L Lh L LЀ Lh L L L   ;   LȀ L   Design     L  L  L  Lh       =  M`  J  L  L L L L L M ML L M M M   @  % MD M   
Externals      M(  M  M  L       =  J  J  Mh  Ml Mp M\ Mx M\ M MȀ M\ M M M   L0   M M   
Insurance      M  M  M  M\      E 9  N M M؀ M M؀ M M M؀ Nd M؀ N N N                                        :  V8 N\ N8   Form       ND  N8  M  M       %  O  N|  N N Nt N N NQ                 %  N  N  N N N NĀ NȀ N  `        E 9  P N N N N N O N Op N O O O                                       L  D Oh OD   List       OP  OD  O  N       %  Q  O  O O O O O OQ                 %  O  O  OĀ OȀ O OЀ OԀ O  `         =  Pp  N  O  P  P O P O P P\ O P  P$ P(   C  GԀ PT P,   
Goal List      P8  P,  P  O       =  O   N  Px  P| P Pl P Pl P P܀ Pl P P P   M   PԀ P   Override List      P  P  P  Pl      E 9  \ P P P P Q Q P Q| P Q Q Q                                         P0  H Qt QL   	Document       QX  QL  Q  P       %  R  Q  Q Q Q Q QȀ QQ                 %  Q  Q  QЀ QԀ QĀ Q܀ Q Q  `        E 9  RԀ R Q R Q R _ Q R Q R( R R0                                       QP  P4 R R\   Generic    Rh  R\  R   Q       %  R  R  R  T  R  R, R R4     rr      @E 9  Sp R؀ RЀ R RЀ R R RЀ S\ RЀ R S  S                                        R`  J ST S0   Topic      S<  S0  R  R      E 9  TH St Sl S| Sl S S Sl S Sl S T$ S                                       P  L4 S S   Precedence     S  S  S  Sl       %  T  T  T  T  T   S T( T,4           @E 9  U  TL TD TT TD T\ T` TD TԀ TD Tp T Tx                                      S4  v h T   
Inference      T  T  Th  TD       %  T  T  T  U  T  Tt U  U4           @E 9  UԀ U$ U U, U U4 U8 U U U UH U UP                                       HH  H  U@  U       %  U  U  U  V  U  UL U U4           @E 9  V U؀ UЀ U UЀ U U UЀ V` UЀ U V V                                       S   VX V0   Form Member    V<  V0  U  U       %  Vt  Vp  V|  WX  V  V  V V4           @E 9  [< V V V V V VĀ V W8 V VԀ W` V                                       T  F W0 W   	Contains       W  W  V  V       %  WL  WH  WT  [  W\  V؀ Wd Wh4           @
      W YX X WV          ?     kt                     P       P                                                                                                                                                                                                   
  X X   ,                                02l 
  Y  X   $ *    2     9     4            
  W Y$   (                        w   D
   W  Y\ a Z YhV               ba                K #     @                                                               (                                                                                                            Ǵ
                    
  Z؀ Z   D                d                                   
  Yd Z   $     kt                            
  [$ [    2    kt 
   @ [(    
    ktE 9  ؀ _ [8 [H [8 [P e [8 [Ā [8 [d [ [l        J                              V4  4 [ [   Used In    [  [  [\  [8       %  [  [  [  \  [  [h [ [4           @E 9  ]X \ \ _ \ \$ b( \ ]$ \ \8 \ \@                                       OH  Ā ] \l   
Low Level   
  ^H \    2  SL   %  ]  \  \< \ \ \ \ \Q                ` %  \  \  \ \ \ \ \ ]8  `        `   \x  \l  \0  \       
  ]  ]<    2  Low Level   E 9  ^d ]\ ]T `( ]T ]l i ]T ]܀ ]T ] ] ]                                       K@  aT ]Ԁ ]   SL a   ]  ]  ]x  ]T          %  _   ]  ] ^  ] ^ ^, ^Q                ` %  ^  ^0  ^4 ^8 ^( ^@ ^D \  `        `E 9  Ԁ ^h ^` ` ^` ^x t ^` ^ ^` ^ _ ^                                       G  KD ^ ^   Tgy    ^  ^  ^  ^`          %  4  _  ^ _ ^ _ _8 _Q                ` %  _  _<  _@ _D _4 _L _P _p  `        ` 
  _T _t    2  Tgy L5  _  Q  _  \  _  [8  _  _ _ _ _ _                       L5  `   Q  \  \  `0  [8  _  _ _ _ _ `                        L5  `l  Q  `t  ]T  `|  [8  `8  `< `@ `D `H `L                       L5  `  Q  ]d  ]T  `  [8  `  ` ` ` ` `                       L5  a  Q  a  ^`  a  [8  `  `Ԁ `؀ `܀ ` `                       L5  R  Q  ^p  ^`  [@  [8  a  a  a$ a( a, a0                          ^   ap aL   Search     aX  aL  bL  b$    \ 	  l   %  b  a  a؀ a a a aЀ aQ            ` %  a  a  bX a܀ à l4 a b  `        ` 
  a b    2  Search el    =  cp  \  b0  b4 b8 b$ e b$ bH ax b$ bT a bd 
  b\ bh   ! x  Graph search - various types       M   p b b   
Bwd Chain 0   b  b  c  cl          d  %  d(  b  c  b b܀ b c bQ      .      ` %  b  c  c g c k c0 cP  `        ` 
  c4 cT    2  Bwd Chain    =  d  \  cx  c| fL cl l| cl c bĀ cl c b c 
  c c   $ x  Fan out to find input from goal    N<  Rd d c   
Fwd Chain 0   c  c  d  d          jL %  e4  d,  dh d4 d$ d< d` dDQ            ` %  d@  dd  d g d\ kh dx d  `        ` 
  d| d    2  Fwd Chain    =  g  \  d  dĀ e d k d d؀ d d d d0 d 
  d d   $ x  Fan out to propagate from input  %  dl  d\  a  el  e8  eЀ e@ eD4   ݌ %  c$  c  e0  f  ep  fd ex e|4   ~ B 	  ~`;    L5  f<  [8  fD  b$  h  d  e  eĀ eȀ è e< e                   f   d   ]  OL f e   Linked blocks h   e  e  g<  g   1 H    L5  h@  [8  mX  b$  hP  cl  fT  fX f\ f` et fh                   f   d %  g  f  fȀ f f f f fQ      R       %  f  f  gH f̀ f  f؀ gT  `         
  q f    2  DB  Level    =  q  \  g   g$ g( g hH g g8 f$ g gD f gx 
  f܀ gX    2  Linked blocks    
  gL g|   5 x  Data structure composed of blocks links by rings     %  e`  c  f  h  g  hh g؀ g4   .7 %  e(  d\  g  i   h  h h h4   t, 	  m@       L5  h  [8  h  g  c  cl  hX  h\ h` hd gԀ hl                   f   d   T  T  i  i   . 
  it h    2  Inference ] 	  zp;  L5  k  [8  o  g  d  d  h  h h h h i                    f   d %  jT  i$  i` i, i i4 iX i<Q      8      ` %  i8  i\  i k iT  ip h  `        ` =  j  ]T  i  i k i ~ i i h i i i( ì 
  iĀ i   / x  Inferring a value from others; multi-stage     K  xD j0 j   
Deduction 0   j  j  j  j          o %  kl  jX  j j` jP jh j jpQ      X      ` %  jl  j  j n j < j k   `        ` =  m  ]T  j  jЀ m` j T j j j8 j j j\ k  
  j k    2  Deduction    
  j k$   . x  Deducing truths from predicates and model    %  id  iT  dt  k  kp  l kx k|4   Y %  k`  iT  c,  l8  k  l k k4   .}    |       L5  lt  [8  d  d  l  i  k  k l  l kt l                   e   e %  j  j  eh  m  l<  mx lD lH4   s    0      L5  mP  [8  c  cl  i  i  l  l l l k l                   e   e   j   l l   Model      l  l  m  m    ] 	  h  %  n  m  m m m m m m$Q      `      ` 	  ~
      L5  o  [8  b@  b$  o  j  mh  ml mp mt l@ m|                   d   d %  m   m  n rt m ؀ m n  `        ` =  pt  ]T  m  m o mЀ o mЀ m l mЀ n   n, 
  m n   
 2  Model    
  n n0   7 x  Model of real world domain: concepts, values, etc.   %  m  m  h   n  n  o, n n4   ` 	  n       %  l,  j  m  p  n  o nԀ n4   ` 	  6      L5  o  [8  {<  g  sp  m  o  o  o$ o( n o0                   k   d   W   ot oL   
Induction 0   oX  oL  p  pp          w,   o o o   o o oL5  r  [8  z  m  j  j  o  oԀ o؀ o܀ nЀ o                   d   e %  qT  p  pD p p  p p< p Q      	      ` %  p  p@  p r< p8  pT p  `        ` =  t4  ]T  p|  p r̀ pp t pp p o| pp p p pЀ 
  pX p    2  Induction    
  p p   * x  Inducing general rules from case base      c   q( q   DB    q  q  q  q                %  rH  qX  q q` qP qh q qpQ      h      ` %  ql  q  q q q ~ q f  `        ` =  |  \  q  qЀ qԀ q rĀ q q q0 q q q\ r  
  q r   ) x  Database of cases, specific examples     %  pH  p8  q  r  rL  r rT rX4   h	Č %  nt  m  rD  s  r  s r r4   Zn    qD       L5  s`  [8  sh  q  p  pp  r  r؀ r܀ r rP r                   d   d   l  ] s4 s   Rule-based shells    s  s  u  t   0l   sP sT sXL5  z  [8    q  m  m  sx  s| s s r s                   k   d %  tp  s  s s s s s sQ            ` %  s  s  td s s s s t  `        ` 
  t  t     2  SL   =  vT  ]T  t<  t@ tD t0 tL t0 tT tX t0 t` s th %  u  tt  t t| tl t t tQ      So      ` %  t  t  u( Ȁ t 4 t u4  `        ` 
  } t    2  NN   =  {  ^`  u   u  t  t u s< t u$ tx u\ 
  tĀ u8    2  Rule-based shells    
  u, u`   / x  Rule-based ES shells, inferrinf from rules     q  L u u   Demons     u  u  vx  vP    ] 	  e     %  w4  u  v$ u u u v v Q            ` %  u  v   v zX v L v4 v  `        ` =  w  ]T  v\  v` {D vP  vP vt uĀ vP v u v 
  v8 v    2  Demons   
  v v   0 x  Actions set off when certain patterns occur    b  H w v   Inheritance    v  v  w  w          {, %  x  w8  wt w@ w0 wH wl wPQ             ` %  wL  wp  wԀ y wh  w w  `        ` =  x  ]T  w  w z w z w wĀ w w wЀ w< x  
  w w    2  Inheritance  
  w؀ x   . x  Finding values of attributes from classes      e  u x` x<   Default    xH  x<  y  x    ] 	  <   %  y  x  xȀ x x x x xQ      	      ` %  x  x  y( yĀ x | x؀ y4  `        ` =    ]T  y   y z x }  x y xh x y$ x yP 
  x܀ y8    2  Default  
  y, yT   + x  Assuning default values for attributes   %  wx  wh  n  y  y  z4 y y4   `; %  x  x  w  zd  y  zȀ y܀ y4   	@	(     
    L5  z  [8  P  m  w  w  z$  z( z, z0 y z8                   f   e %  v(  v  n|  {  zh  {\ a zt40    	  d     L5  {4  [8    w  y  x  z  z z zĀ y؀ z                   c   f   s  W { z   CommonSense    z  z  |  {          جL5  |  [8  ,  g  vd  vP  {L  {P {T {X zl {`                   g   d %  |  {  { { {| { { {Q      ,      ` %  {  {  |  p { {̀ {Ѐ |,  `        ` =  }  ^`  {  { } { | { | { { | { |L 
  {Ԁ |0    2  CommonSense  
  |$ |P    x  Commonsense reasoning    %  {  {  x  }D  |  }  | |4   
,   [   |̀ |   NN    |  |  }  }      	   	g    L5  ~  [8  y  x  \  {  }  } } } | }$                   b   g %  ~  }H  } }P }@ }X }| }`Q      u      ` %  }\  }  } ~܀ }x  } t  `        ` =    ^`  }  } ~ } l } }Ԁ |Ԁ } } }L } 
  } }    x  Neural Nets  %  }  }x  il  ~T  ~   ~ ~( ~,4   ݌ %  ~  }x  z`  ~  ~X  L u؀ ~d40   u 	  t      L5  $  [8    i  4  }  ~  ~ ~ ~ ~$ ~                   b   f %  ~H  }x  r|  |  ~   h0 ~40   h
u 	  ~   .    L5    [8    g    }  <  @ D H ~\ P                   b   d %  |x  {  j      t  4   	, 	        L5  L  [8  q  q  }  }    Ԁ ؀ ܀ ~                    b   d %  t  t  ~  ,       4   KS 	  +T    L5    [8    j  |   {  d  h l p  x                   b   f   F  (     	Sem Nets -0                   dL5    [8    i  P  t                            b   f %  @  0  l 8 ( @ d HQ            ` %  D  h   P `   |   `        ` 
  T     2  CBR  =    ^`     Ā     Ԁ Ā   4  
      
 2  Sem Nets     
       x  Semantic Nets    %  p  `  v0  x  D  ܀ L P4    %      y    |  p n 40   `	     1 H    L5  H  [8    vP        Ѐ Ԁ ؀ H                    f   e   |  >      Frames         (       ^ 	  q L5    [8    m  t  `  `  d h l  t                   g   f %      Ԁ    ̀ Q      
MK      ` %      4 x Ȁ   @  `        ` =    ^`        ؀   $ (   0  \ 
   D    2  Frames   
  8 `    x  Frames   %      x  D       4   $
M_   z  SԀ Ѐ    PROLOG               ^ 	  z    L5    [8                 $                   e   h %  @  H   P @ X | `Q      (      ` %  \     4 x (    `        ` =  p  ^`     Ā    Ԁ ؀   L  
       2  PROLOG   
       x  Logic programming    %    x  x     D  ܀ L P4   	(>       h   CBR    t  h    l         @ 1 H 0lL5  l  [8  j  j        Ѐ Ԁ ؀ H                    b   f %      @    8 Q      XA      ` %    <    4  P   `        ` =  @  ^`  x  | | l  l   l    
      / x  Case Based Reasoning: Reasoning from cases   %  D  4  pP        4   
X   oP  * H     Simulation 0   ,     d  <          ̬L5    [8  p  pp    l                            c   e %       Ā  ̀  Q      P      ` %      p Ѐ  H  |  `        ` 
   ,    2  OO   =    ^`  H  L  < $ < ` P < l   
       2  Simulation   
  t    " x  Simulation of domain activity    %      t  \     x| 40   ` %      <  0       $4   t    ld 1 H     %  4  `       `   h l4   
Y    Lʀ           aP  4؀     OO                   k 1 H 0lL5    [8  H  vP    <                            d   e %  ,  4  p < , D h LQ      p2      ` %  H  l  Ѐ ؀ d |  (  `        ` =    ^`            ̀ 8 ܀ 
  Ԁ    3 x  Object Orientation: Objects, classes, messages   %  t  d  ~P    0  Ȁ  <40   pV   u  lĀ  T   MessagePassing h   `  T    x   1 H    L5    [8    g  P        Ā 4                    e   d %      ,     $ Q      X      ` %    (      L <   `        ` 
   `    2  Prob Algs    =    \      x H x   x   ܀ 
  @     2  MessagePassing   
        x  Message passing and queuing  %  0     (  P     $ (4   X %     d  8    T  h \ `4   XHpb     1 H    L5  @  [8    g    x                            f   d %  D  d  y  @      4   	dpN    x 1 H         $ (   0 4 8L5    [8    x      X  \ ` d X l                   e   e     T     Infce Nets 0                   8   Ԁ ؀ ܀     L5    [8  w  w                                e   f %    D   L < T x \Q      K      ` %  X  |    t l    `        ` =    ^`       H  Ѐ   ܀ H  
       2  Infce Nets   
      " x  Inference Nets, Bayesian Nets      x@  [ \ <   U/C    H  <              1 H 0l %      Ȁ     Q            ` %      ( p   ؀ 4  `        ` =  d  ]T             d  $  L 
  ܀ 8    2  U/C  
  , P    x  Uncertainty Handling     %    t           4   K( %  x  t    P    Ԁ Ȁ 4   TK=    | 1 H    L5    [8                $                   d   d %    t      T  h \ `4   S    r 1 H              L5  @  [8  i  i  0      Ȁ ̀ Ѐ Ā                    d   f      '     
Prob Algs 0                     8L5    [8  vl  vP    t  X  \ ` d X l                   b   e %  |    ̀    Ā Q      |      ` %      , Ѐ  x ܀ \  `        ` =     \          $  (  8 
  0 <   % x  Probabilistic + Fuzzy algorithms     %        <      4      X  , Ā    KBS                   1 H 0lL5    [8                                   e   c %  8  @  | H 8 P t XQ      
d      ` %  T  x   d p L    `        ` 
       2  KBS  =    ^`    Ѐ   Ԁ   ̀   D   
       x  Knowledge Based Systems  %    p  t  p  <  Ԁ D H4   
S
 %  ,  p      t  h | 4   
K
     1 H    L5  @  [8  u  t  P      Ȁ ̀ Ѐ @                    a   h 
      	 2  K.B. p 
       x  Knowledge Base      L5    [8          X  \ ` d x l                   a   h %      ܀    Ԁ Q      	6      `             %       l Ѐ Ѐ    `        `    T            Ԁ      2  Tgy    >    0   K.B. 6     y         =    ]T  l  p X `  `   `    	       <  0    `   qL5  |  [8  m  m  P  <                           d   e %    t  X    $  H , 04   
CKL     ʀ       \ ` d   l p tL5     [8  (  `           d                    f   g %  D  t          4   
6Wπ    Hʀ         L5    [8    `      8  < @ D ( L                   b   g     c  h   
Func Prog L   t  h              (     L5    [8  |  `  u  t       ܀                    b   g %  p    `   $ X ,Q             `             %  (  \  Ѐ d T @ p   `        `             =  ]p  ]T            ̀   
  t     2  Func Prog 33 
  Ԁ      x  Functional Programming     \p  e H $   LISP       0  $        ^ 	  8 %  <  t   | l   Q             ` %      0   l    `        `   8  ,       nna     =  \(  \             , x ( %  D  @  | H 8 P t XQ      
       ` %  T  x  ܀ 8 p     `        ` =  ^|  ^`     Ȁ  Ā  ̀ P  ؀ D  
      	 2  LISP     
      $ x  The LISP family of technologies  %    p  l  p  H   P T4   
    (  :  l   
Prog as Data s`   x  l  $     ʀ    L5    [8            Ԁ ؀ ܀ L                    d   f 
  Ā     2  Prog as Data     
  4 ,   ) x  Program as Data - can be manipulated     %  d  T      t   | 4     %             | 40   p R    ʀ    L5    [8                x                    e   e   v  -  ,   	Used for  L 
   X   
 2  Used for ʀ       x | L5    [8  g0  g                               f   dE 9  ̀ ؀ Ѐ  Ѐ  | Ѐ  Ѐ  <                                      %  ,  8    @ 0 H l PQ                ` %  L  p  t x h   T  `        `     j     DSS          x        H %  0    ,     $ Q      n      ` %    (   @   $ < \  `        ` 
  @ `   
 2  DSS  for ʀ =         p x   x  Ȁ x    
       x  Decision Support Systems       4        	Advisors =0                   h %  p  4  p < , D h LQ             ` %  H  l   L d Ǹ    `        ` 
      
 2  Advisors ʀ =         ̀ ܀  Ȕ      8  
        x  Advice-giving systems        I܀ L $   Intel Cont 0   0  $  $            Ċ %    t   | l   Q            ` %      0 h    <  `        ` 
       
 2  NLU  for ʀ =  <       t      T  , x \ 
  Ā @    2  Intel Cont  
  4 `    x  Intelligent Control    l  "     
Int Agent =0       ,            ܊ %  x     ؀ Ȁ   Q      
      ` %      l Ԁ       `        ` =      D  H  8 T 8 \  8 h Ԁ ̊ %  H  |    t   Q            ` %      8 D   Ȁ D  `        `   @  |     NLU      =           ؀  (   4  d 
  ̀ H    2  Int Agent ʀ 
  < h   ; x  Intelligent Agents - monitors, background actors, etc.         `  8       
  p    # x  Natural Language Understanding     p        Formln               0 	  <   %  X  L   T D \  dQ      
      ` %  `      | Ɛ    `        ` 
      
 2  Formln r ʀ =  h        Ԁ l Ԁ  ( Ԁ  P  
      ' x  Formulation, design, configuratino   %  t  d      \   d h4   v %  0     T  $      4       PH    L5  `  [8  h             `                    `   i %           (   0 44   
G    H    L5    [8      ,  x  x  |                       `   i %    |    L     Ā 4   "    xH    L5    [8        8       ,                     c   h %           P  D X \4   \    H    L5    [8  X                                 `   i %         t      4   K
K    H    L5    [8  X  <    x  4  8 < @ T H                   `   f %      }  (  x    4   
u̀    TH             Ā ȬL5  d  [8       L  8                           c   i %      p    ,    4 84   
u#    H    L5    [8     }      |     |                    a   g %    |         < 40   
(m,    @H    L5    [8    }           0 $                   a   g   $  M$ d @   Eval'n     L  @    d    0 	  |    L5  P  [8               Ā                    `   g %        Ԁ   Q      /      ` %         Ԁ ( H  `        ` 
  , L   
 2  Eval'n r ʀ =      p  t ` d Ű d  l d    
       x  Evaluators, predictors   %            x  4   / %      L  0       $4   
XF    H    L5    [8        d  h  l p t  |                   `   i     z     Classif'cn 0                   L5    [8  \  l  x  d                            `   f %  L  4  p < , D h LQ            ` %  H  l    d @    `        ` 
      
 2  Training ʀ =        ̀ Ѐ     Ȁ   8  
        2  Classif'cn  
        x  Classification   %  t  d      P   X \4   ƌ %  @  d        |  4   
XQ    DH    L5  T  [8  4    d      ܀   T                    `   i %  x  d  $  4     $ (4   
`&    xH    L5    [8    l      l  p t x                     `   f     D Ā    	Training =0                   L5    [8  }  }                                 `   g %    8  t @ 0 H l PQ            ` %  L  p  Ԁ @ h h    `        ` =           D  Ā ̀  Ѐ <  
  ؀     x  Training of people   %  x  h    L       $4   
XnH %    h  H  x  P  T X \4       H    L5  ,  [8    l  <                             `   f     s     	Robotics =0       ,                   $L5    [8  p        D  H L P T X                   `   i %    |    t   Q      d      ` %      8   Ā Ȁ   `        ` 
  ̀    
 2  Robotics ʀ =              (    4  D 
  < H    x  Robot behaviour programs     %      |        4   
p: %  t          Ѐ Ā 4   Mq    ,H    L5    [8                                    d   g     \t ` <   LogicS     H  <        0 	  \O=          L5    [8             Ā Ȁ ̀                     d   i %      D     < Q      
/      `             %    @  Ā  8 P T t  `        ` 
  X x   
 2  LogicS r ʀ =              h    Ѐ 
  Ȁ    ' x  Systems which require strict logic   %  H  8           $4   
(@
W            ` 
  8 `    2  Diagnosis ʀ 	  | $L5  h  [8                                   `   g %      $  Ѐ   Q            `    T         %       ܀     4 \  `        `    X         
   h   
 2  AppAreas ed      QT @    
Diagnosis        =         x  Ĉ  ̀ H  ؀ ܀  %  (    H  ,       4    %          0  $ 8 <   
(    H    L5    [8                                   `   i 
  H    ,                                
T        L5  Ā  [8                4 (                   `   g 
  , L   , *    :
$  9     4                        t     
  X    $     kt                               p              T    m  
      @     ¤            
    0  $ L  0V          @       kt                     P       P                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
   (  P ؀ x \V          @       ea                     @       @                                   [                                                                                                                                                            
                    
   |   D              
         @r  H                        E 9  Ā Ѐ Ȁ ؀ Ȁ  Ø Ȁ  Ȁ  4                                      %    0   8 ( @ d HQ                 ` %  D  h  l p ` x | d   `        `   D       	AppAreas         \  ¼   	Medicine C     ¼  ü  Ô           p %      H    @ $Q      s      ` %     D  Ȁ ǰ < T X x  `        ` 
  \ |   
 2  Medicine ed  =      à  ä Đ Ô ð Ô ø  Ô Ā  Ԁ 
  ̀     x  Medical applications     %  L  <  0  D    Ĩ  4   s! %     <  |    H  < P T4   sA    #    L5    [8      $  Ô  Ę  Ĝ Ġ Ĥ  Ĭ                   _   j %  8  <  $  l    Ѐ  4   Ys0    Ř#    L5  Ũ  [8      Ÿ  Ô  ,  0 4 8 L @                   _   j %    <       p  d x |4   Z    ,#    L5  <  [8    d  L  Ô    Ā Ȁ ̀                     _   j %  `  <    Ɣ      4   Z    #    L5    [8        Ô  T  X \ ` t h                   _   j %    <    (  Ƙ  ǌ Ơ Ƥ4   Ys    T#    L5  d  [8       t  Ô                           _   j %  ƈ  <  8  Ǽ  ,    4 84   s    #    L5    [8        Ô  |  ǀ Ǆ ǈ Ɯ ǐ                   _   j %    <  |  P    ȴ Ȁ 4       |#    L5  Ȍ  [8    x  Ȝ  Ô       0 $                   _   j %        Y`  T    `40        x#    L5    [8      è  Ô  Ȥ  Ȩ Ȭ Ȱ Ā ȸ                   _   j  H       833   g    L(7J K 
b Q K 
      #      H    $   833   h        (F o: >F ou W                 h    l   833   h        ( _: > _u W                    ɰ ɴ   833   h        (
  c
 i {                  H      833   h        (  c i {                  H  @ D   833   h        (	 k c	 ki {                  H  ʈ ʌ   833   h        (  c i {                   Ѐ Ԁ جL5  [T  [8                X                    `   i  